• We discovered a few unique pairs of genes that were inversely overlapped with their neighboring genes on the genome," Liu said. (bnl.gov)
  • In searching the ancestral genome, researchers report the discovery of UPA2 , a rare allele long-lost to the selective pressures of domestication in modern maize, which can be used to directly increase the crop yields of densely planted maize by altering the angle of the plants leaves. (eurasiareview.com)
  • High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)
  • Although gradual changes in trait complexity appear to have been facilitated by allelic turnover, key innovations are associated with gene and genome duplications. (lu.se)
  • These findings provide an important connection between the origins of biodiversity, coevolution, and the role of gene and genome duplications as a substrate for novel traits. (lu.se)
  • They also examined the non-parasitic plant Lindenbergia philippensis , and genome sequences from 22 other non-parasitic plants. (zmescience.com)
  • So, they are stealing genes from their host plants, incorporating them into the genome and then turning those genes back around, very often, as a weapon against the host. (zmescience.com)
  • For the first time, researchers from Tel Aviv University have developed a genome-scale technology that makes it possible to reveal the role of genes and traits in plants previously hidden by functional redundancy. (phys.org)
  • But until this recent development, it was only possible to examine the functions of single genes , which make up only 20% of the genome. (phys.org)
  • For the remaining 80% of the genome, made up of genes grouped in families, there was no effective way, on the large scale of the whole genome, to determine their role in the plant. (phys.org)
  • One of them was the need to identify as precisely as possible which genes in the plant's genome are responsible for a specific desired trait to cultivate. (phys.org)
  • Genome Editing to Improve Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants Yuriko Osakabe and Keishi Osakabe 7. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Plants Yaling Zhang, Xingliang Ma, Xianrong Xie and Yao-Guang Liu 9. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • Efforts to enhance plant resistance and tolerance to a broad range of stresses by expressing Trichoderma genes in the plant genome are also addressed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In a new study published by Cell Press , experts are explaining why whiteflies incorporated a portion of plant DNA into their genome millions of years ago. (earth.com)
  • We think a virus within the plant may have taken up this BtPMaT1 gene and, after ingestion by a whitefly, the virus then must have done something inside the insect whereby that gene was integrated into the whiteflies genome," explained Turlings. (earth.com)
  • Genome Insider: A Shrubbier Version of Rubber Hear from the consortium working on understanding the guayule plant's genome, which could lead to an improved natural rubber plant. (doe.gov)
  • The assembled transcriptome is estimated to have the complete sequence information for ~86% of the genes found in the Chia genome. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Most of plants experienced genome doubling which resulted in their polyploid nature of genomes. (confex.com)
  • In this report, we briefly present assembly and features of B. oleracea genome, and then focus on evolution of duplicated genes in comparison with B. rapa and A. thaliana . (confex.com)
  • The concept of gene therapy is elegant: like computer bugs, faulty letters in the human genome can be edited and replaced with healthy ones. (singularityhub.com)
  • Although analyses that give information on the expression of a few genes provide insight and have been responsible for a large proportion of the bacterial pathogenesis literature currently available, our ultimate goal is to understand expression changes across the whole genome. (cdc.gov)
  • The additional information generated by whole genome studies goes far beyond that derived by characterizing in isolation more genes and gene products, because analysis of the whole genome allows complete regulatory networks to be identified and characterized. (cdc.gov)
  • A second group of methods, which includes DNA microarrays and proteomics, have advantages that overcome the limitations implicit in signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, namely, the ability to directly measure expression (gene or protein) levels on a true genome-wide scale, but their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
  • a deep knowledge and understanding of how plants function at different levels of organization, from molecular biology to ecophysiological level, including: the structure and properties of cells, the life processes and their regulation, genome structure, function and evolution, and plant development and reproduction systems. (lu.se)
  • The genes stolen this way could also provide the parasite with increased resistance to infection and pathogens the host plant has evolved to fight against. (zmescience.com)
  • can reduce the severity of plant diseases by inhibiting plant pathogens in the soil through their highly potent antagonistic and mycoparasitic activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Because the environment encountered within a living host will be quite different from the external environment, pathogens must be able to regulate the necessary genes in coordination as they move from the environment to the host and from one host niche to another. (cdc.gov)
  • Two of these methods, signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, do not directly measure gene expression and do not allow true genomic-scale analysis, but they have been devised to identify genes necessary for pathogens during real infections. (cdc.gov)
  • On the other hand, the plants can become more resistant to insect pests and pathogens. (lu.se)
  • DRB2 has been remarkably conserved throughout plant evolution, raising the possibility that translational repression is the ancient form of miRNA-directed gene regulation in plants, and that Dicer partnering proteins, such as human TRBP, might play a similar role in other eukaryotic systems. (nature.com)
  • The microarray analysis of drb2 also revealed a large set of gene transcripts that were significantly different from wild-type levels, but which are not thought to be the primary targets of miRNA-directed regulation ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ). (nature.com)
  • Perhaps understanding this natural "anti-sense" regulation for gene expression will assist scientists in their attempts to regulate acyl-modifying enzyme levels. (bnl.gov)
  • A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
  • WUSCHEL also exerts this type of regulation on type-A ARRs in the shoot apical meristem and therefore this could represent a general concept for the regulation of plant stem cells. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Alterations in DNA methylation, lncRNAs and multiple genes may be involved in the regulation of FTLs . (nature.com)
  • However, BSPB also urged the Scottish Government to ensure the full potential of these resources can be unlocked by changing its stance on the regulation of newer, more precise breeding technologies such as gene editing. (bspb.co.uk)
  • and the regulation of the expression of enzyme-coding genes associated with important metabolic pathways. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Light regulation of plant gene expression by an upstream enhancer-like element. (wikidata.org)
  • One may ask to what extent there are similarities and differences in the gene regulation circuits and their dynamics when it comes to important processes like stem cell regulation. (lu.se)
  • Correspondingly, the WUSCHEL and CLAVATA3 genes represent a core in the Shoot Apical Meristem regulation for plants. (lu.se)
  • Here, we focus on functional homologies by performing a comparison between the circuitry connecting these players in plants and animals and find striking similarities, suggesting that comparable regulatory logics have been evolved for stem cell regulation in both kingdoms. (lu.se)
  • The genes are then incorporated into the sea slug's own DNA, allowing the animal to produce the necessary proteins for the stolen chloroplasts to continue working. (sott.net)
  • Such proteins are circulated to two distinct parts of plant cells-the nucleus and organelles known as chloroplasts. (azocleantech.com)
  • Since their data showed that MUTE proteins switched on genes that regulated cell division, Torii and her team wondered if MUTE is the gene that activates this single round of cell division. (washington.edu)
  • The researchers also found that MUTE proteins turn on two genes called FAMA and FOUR LIPS. (washington.edu)
  • Dispersed between the chromosomes are over 20,000 genes, sometimes separated by vast stretches of non-coding DNA, or that which does not encode proteins. (jove.com)
  • In eukaryotic genomes, genes are separated by large stretches of DNA that do not code for proteins. (jove.com)
  • MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition to these essential elements, several proteins and signalling pathways are also involved in photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • Phytochromes play a key role in how plants perceive the day in the complex network of proteins and signalling channels that make up the molecular mechanisms behind photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • All this is controlled by hormones, genes and proteins so that the plant can function as an individual. (lu.se)
  • The main aim of our research is to understand the molecular details and physiological roles of the multitude of water channel-like proteins present in plants and animals. (lu.se)
  • Annotation of Selaginella moellendorffii major intrinsic proteins and the evolution of the protein family in terrestrial plants. (lu.se)
  • This research from scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory aimed to advance the use and efficiency of these reporters in two herbaceous plant species ( Arabidopsis and tobacco) and two woody plant species (poplar and citrus). (eurekalert.org)
  • By searching the genomes of woody Poplar trees and leafy Arabidopsis, the scientists identified 94 and 61 genes they suspected belonged to this family in those two species, respectively. (bnl.gov)
  • To perform this experiment, the team started with a mutant Arabidopsis plant that is entirely insensitive to temperature, and they altered it to become reactive once again. (azocleantech.com)
  • A close-up image of the surface of an Arabidopsis plant, taken under a microscope. (washington.edu)
  • Torii and her team investigated which genes governed stomata formation in Arabidopsis thaliana , a small weed that is one of the most widely studied plants on the planet. (washington.edu)
  • The researchers created a strain of Arabidopsis that can artificially produce a lot of the MUTE protein, so they could easily identify which genes the MUTE protein turned on or off. (washington.edu)
  • In Arabidopsis , as in nearly all plants, stomata form from precursor cells known as guard mother cells, or GMCs. (washington.edu)
  • Without MUTE, Arabidopsis plants cannot produce stomata, and do not develop past the seedling stage. (washington.edu)
  • In my analyses, I focused on the hypocotyl of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, since wood and bast production is very active there and the tissue patterning resembles the patterning of the vascular cambium of trees. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Here, we identify the cis-acting modifications that have reshaped gene expression in response to dehydration stress in three Arabidopsis species. (nih.gov)
  • They found that the "foreign" sequences in the parasites had been derived from entire genes of past hosts, incorporated into the parasites' genomes. (zmescience.com)
  • Tracing the Evolution of Shiitake Mushrooms Understanding Lentinula genomes and their evolution could provide strategies for converting plant waste into sugars for biofuel production. (doe.gov)
  • Plant genomes also evolve many tandem duplicated genes. (confex.com)
  • Understanding of the genomes and evolution of duplicated genes are of significance for genetic improvement of these crops. (confex.com)
  • From the genomes we can also get molecular data to see how the plants evolve. (lu.se)
  • After designing and building a GFP UV reporter protein (eYGFPuv) that provides enhanced signals for all tested plant species, the researchers demonstrated that strong fluorescence could be captured using either a fluorescence microscope or UV light. (eurekalert.org)
  • Here we show that the form of regulatory action directed by a plant miRNA is determined by DRB2, a DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) partnering protein. (nature.com)
  • In this unique organization, the paired genes (sequences of DNA) produce protein-encoding segments (RNAs) that are complementary to one another - meaning the two RNA strands would stick to each other like highly specific Velcro. (bnl.gov)
  • Role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from Trichoderma , in plant root colonization. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The mutant is caused by the gene necrotic upper tips1 ( nut1 ), which encodes a protein that controls genes responsible for maintaining the structure of the protoxylem cells. (berkeley.edu)
  • The MUTE gene encodes instructions for a cellular protein that can control the "on" or "off" state of other plant genes. (washington.edu)
  • Torii's team showed that one of the genes activated by the MUTE protein to its DNA is CYCD5;1 , a gene that causes the GMC to divide. (washington.edu)
  • Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
  • Genes themselves consist of protein-coding exons and non-coding introns. (jove.com)
  • The wounding-responsive KED gene , named for its coding for a lysine (K), glutamic acid (E), and aspartic acid (D)-rich protein , is widely present among land plants . (bvsalud.org)
  • The HLA-DRB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DRB1 gene, called the beta chain, attaches (binds) to another protein called the alpha chain, which is produced from the HLA-DRA gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The search specifically identifies the DNA of the gene that produces the ricin protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to light in SDPs causes the expression of the CONSTANS (CO) gene, and the CO protein causes the expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a gene that encourages flowering. (who.int)
  • Interestingly, many genes are induced at the mRNA- and protein level within a few minutes after being touched. (lu.se)
  • In extreme cases where we might consider augmenting genetic resources available to imperiled populations, it might be best to obtain these genes from populations inhabiting similar kinds of habitats," Strauss said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Gene flow" describes the movement of genetic traits within and among populations, as individual animals or plants breed. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In fact, some of the genes the scientists found to be expressed at high levels in woody tissues may carry the genetic instructions for making the enzymes the scientists would like to control. (bnl.gov)
  • These profiles of plant response to environmental extremes (abiotic stresses) are expected to lead to regulators that will be useful in biotechnological approaches to improve stress tolerance as well as to new tools for studying regulatory genetic circuitry. (nih.gov)
  • The effects of a maize knotted1 ( kn1) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter on genetic transformation efficiencies of six citrus genotypes were tested. (springer.com)
  • With all six genotypes of citrus tested including Eureka lemon, a cultivar difficult to be transformed, our results demonstrate that the kn1 gene may provide an effective molecular tool to enhance genetic transformation efficiencies of various citrus varieties. (springer.com)
  • On the other hand, transgenic plants produced from mature tissue via genetic transformation can drastically shorten flowering and fruiting time and thus speed up field evaluation studies. (springer.com)
  • The team used genetic data to generate the evolutionary histories of thousands of genes in the parasite plants, dePamphilis said. (zmescience.com)
  • The researchers point out that since the agricultural revolution , man has improved plant varieties for agricultural purposes by creating genetic diversity . (phys.org)
  • Prof. Shani says, "For thousands of years, since the agricultural revolution, man has been improving different plant varieties for agriculture by promoting genetic variation. (phys.org)
  • Due to this phenomenon, called genetic redundancy, it is difficult to create a change in the plant itself and to determine the function of the gene and its link to a specific trait. (phys.org)
  • The current study sought to find a solution to the problem of genetic redundancy by using an innovative gene editing method called CRISPR. (phys.org)
  • This genetic editing method allows us to design different sgRNA sequences to allow Cas9 to cut almost any gene that we want to change. (phys.org)
  • We wanted to apply this technique to improve the control of creating mutations in plants for the purposes of agricultural improvement, and specifically to overcome the common limitation posed by genetic redundancy. (phys.org)
  • Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
  • Once the whiteflies fed on the tomatoes and ingested the plant-produced RNA, their BtPMaT1 gene was silenced, causing 100% mortality of the insect, but the genetic manipulation had no impact on the survival of other insects that were tested. (earth.com)
  • Responding to the recent ScotGov consultation on a future Agriculture Bill for Scotland, the British Society of Plant Breeders (BSPB) has welcomed the document's explicit focus on the importance of conserving plant genetic resources as the basis for the future resilience and sustainability of crop production in Scotland. (bspb.co.uk)
  • The consultation recognises that genetic diversity among domesticated plants and their wild relatives provides the foundation for developing resilient new varieties and agricultural systems, and that faced with increased pressure from pests, diseases and a changing climate, as well as a drive to reduce pesticide and fertiliser inputs, a broad plant genetic resource base will be vital in ensuring future food security. (bspb.co.uk)
  • In the section entitled 'Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Health', ScotGov suggests that additional funding for the conservation of plant genetic resources may be necessary. (bspb.co.uk)
  • However, from a plant breeding perspective, the document's explicit recognition of the importance of crop genetic improvement for more sustainable agriculture, and the commitment to conserving diverse germplasm resources, is music to our ears. (bspb.co.uk)
  • The first gene banks were set up by plant breeders in the 1930s to conserve the valuable genetic diversity in past and present varieties, as well as landraces and wild relatives of cultivated crop species. (bspb.co.uk)
  • Globally, it is estimated that plant breeding companies commit an average of 5% of their research budget to conserving genetic resources. (bspb.co.uk)
  • Along with the complex arrangement of genetic material in a cell's nucleus, human genes also demonstrate their own unique organization. (jove.com)
  • Here, the therapy used an older gene-editing tool called zinc finger nucleases, which corrected a genetic error that throws the body's metabolism out of whack and slowly destroys its cells. (singularityhub.com)
  • Genetic modification of plants offers the potential to influence plant growth, fertility and disease resistance - thus impacting on food security and nutritional status. (who.int)
  • International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (Italy). (who.int)
  • We will use genetic tools to knock out genes and study the response of these mutants to touch stimulation in comparison to WT with regards to gene expression, phosphorylation cascades and alteration in growth and development. (lu.se)
  • While no effective HLB control methods or HLB resistance citrus cultivars have been commercialized, transgenic plant technologies have been recognized as a powerful tool to control the HLB disease. (springer.com)
  • Moreover, as revealed by research in recent decades, some Trichoderma strains can interact directly with roots, increasing plant growth potential, resistance to disease and tolerance to abiotic stresses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The expression of antifungal genes from Trichoderma harzianum has been used to confer plant resistance to fungal diseases. (isaaa.org)
  • As climatic change begins to impact widespread agricultural areas, understanding the mechanism of resistance to drought and heat stress in crop plants such as maize is vital. (berkeley.edu)
  • It seems obvious now, but I wouldn't have guessed that resistance to heat stress and drought stress have a common physiological mechanism, both operating through high volume water movement early in the protoxylem," says George Chuck, an associate researcher in the Plant & Microbial Biology Department. (berkeley.edu)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
  • . 2006 ). In order to enhance blight-tolerance in the American chestnut tree, we are studying several gene products, regulatory regions of genes to control expression (promoters), and the possibility of combining two or more genes (called stacking or pyramiding) for better and more sustainable resistance. (esf.edu)
  • Scientific evidence from a report called Initiatives for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment [PDF - 94 pages] show that traces of antibiotics and antifungals, germs resistant to them, and genes that cause resistance traits are present and can spread in waterways and soils. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence for wastewaters as environments where mobile antibiotic resistance genes emerge. (janusinfo.se)
  • Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis in transgenic plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • There are definitely still some hurdles this method needs to get over, most notably the skepticism about using transgenic plants," said Turlings. (earth.com)
  • Transgenic plants expressing the WMV II CP gene generally showed better protection against these potyviruses than those expressing the ZYMV CP gene. (apsnet.org)
  • Given this and other reports, it appears that transgenic plants that express a potyvirus CP gene will show at least a noticeable level of protection against symptom development when challenged by other potyviruses. (apsnet.org)
  • The research demonstrates real-time imaging of cellular and molecular events in a wide range of plants with the unaided eye and a black-light flashlight. (eurekalert.org)
  • This will enable quick and affordable screening for research and development or for real time monitoring of molecular events in mature plants. (eurekalert.org)
  • The study, published in the April 2009 issue of Plant Molecular Biology, also lays a foundation for understanding these genes' evolutionary and structural properties and for a broader exploration of their roles in plant life. (bnl.gov)
  • Molecular biotechnology has made it possible to explore the potential of plants for different purposes. (frontiersin.org)
  • As part of the research, the team of researchers used the innovative technology "CRISPR" for gene editing and methods from the field of bioinformatics and molecular genetics to develop a new method for locating genes responsible for specific traits in plants. (phys.org)
  • Engineering Molecular Immunity Against Plant Viruses Syed Shan-e-Ali Zaidi, Manal Tashkandi and Magdy M. Mahfouz 11. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • This mini-review summarizes the main findings concerning the Trichoderma -plant interaction, the molecular dialogue between the two organisms, and the dramatic changes induced by the beneficial fungus in the plant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • There is very little molecular homology between mammals and plants for these core regulators. (lu.se)
  • In this essay, I will cover the current understanding of how plants respond to photoperiod and the molecular mechanisms underpinning this response. (who.int)
  • The plant response to biotic and abiotic stress has been studied for many years, but the molecular mechanism controlling touch-signalling in plants is not well understood. (lu.se)
  • As the researchers observed the growing monkeyflowers, they were able to test two contrasting predictions about how gene flow should affect plants at the edge of the range. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To answer these questions, the researchers measured how the mixing of genes from different elevations affected the plants' ability to live at the warm edge of their range, through traits such as time for seedlings to emerge, time to flowering and overall reproductive success. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In another surprising development, the researchers found the algal gene in E. chlorotica's sex cells, meaning the ability to maintain functional chloroplasts could be passed to the next generation. (sott.net)
  • The researchers believe many more photosynthesis genes are acquired by E. chlorotica from their food, but still need to understand how the plant genes are activated inside sea-slug cells. (sott.net)
  • But the researchers think the close feeding connections between the parasite plants and their hosts increases the chance of genes finding their way to the parasite, where they can become functional. (zmescience.com)
  • This ongoing serial contain contributions from leading scientists and researchers in the field of gene editing in plants who describe the results of their own research in this rapidly expanding area of science. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • The researchers have discovered that whiteflies use the stolen gene to degrade the toxins that plants use to defend themselves against insects. (earth.com)
  • The oxalate oxidase gene is also being tested by several other researchers to enhance pathogen tolerance in plant systems such as peanut , soybean , sunflower , and oilseed rape and also to possibly increase salt tolerance in tomato . (esf.edu)
  • Researchers have identified hundreds of different versions (alleles) of the HLA-DRB1 gene, each of which is given a particular number (such as HLA-DRB1 *04:01). (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, the researchers conclude: "Shifting to plant-based diets at a populational level will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases considerably - together making these diets efficient means towards a more sustainable development, while at the same time reducing the growing burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). (medscape.com)
  • The transferred genes became functional in the parasites, said Claude dePamphilis, professor of biology at Penn State and co-author of the paper. (zmescience.com)
  • The MUTE gene acts as a master regulator of stomatal development," said senior author Keiko Torii , a UW professor of biology and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute . (washington.edu)
  • There were many great articles concerning cross-disciplinary research at the interface between plant biology, mathematics and computer science before the launch in silico Plants (isP). (botany.one)
  • BMC Plant Biology 2008, 8 (1):45. (lu.se)
  • Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a result, silencers help to regulate gene expression. (jove.com)
  • On April 28, 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) issued Rules for Review of Gene-Edited Plants for Agricultural Use (Trial), which clarifies the classification criteria and requirements for evaluating gene-edited plants. (usda.gov)
  • Nature Plants (2023). (phys.org)
  • Physiol Plant;175(4): e13978, 2023. (bvsalud.org)
  • Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
  • But, to be able to modify plants' temperature responses, you first have to understand how they work. (azocleantech.com)
  • In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today, Zhaobin Dong , Ling Xu , and George Chuck , members of the Plant Gene Expression Center , analyzed the genetics of a maize mutant which causes plants to express responses to drought and heat stress. (berkeley.edu)
  • Although its possible involvement in response to other biotic and abiotic stresses is still unclear, we propose that SlKED may play a role in plant 's rapid, short-term, early wounding responses, such as in cellular damage healing. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three groups of plants' photoperiodic responses can be distinguished: short-day plants (SDPs), long-day plants (LDPs), and day-neutral plants (DNPs). (who.int)
  • On the other hand, a class of photoreceptors known as phytochromes is involved in the biochemical mechanisms driving photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • The maize homeobox gene knotted1 ( kn1 ) encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor (Hake et al. (springer.com)
  • The first gene being tested in transgenic American chestnut encodes an enzyme called oxalate oxidase . (esf.edu)
  • Then we could use those genes to engineer new bioenergy crops, and test whether those changes improve the efficiency of converting biomass to biofuel," Liu said. (bnl.gov)
  • however, for many crops, maize included, crowded plantings impose competition between plants for water, sunlight and soil nutrients. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Although HGT is rare in complex life, discovering that it can occur in parasitic plants could help us better defend our crops against them. (zmescience.com)
  • Furthermore, overexpression of the gene led to high glyphosate tolerance , which may imply that the novel enzyme could be used in producing new generation of glyphosate-tolerant crops . (isaaa.org)
  • Last year, a major study by HFFA Research GmbH concluded that, since 2000, progress in plant breeding has accounted for two-thirds of the productivity gains in UK arable crops. (bspb.co.uk)
  • Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus , (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. (cambridge.org)
  • This includes whole transcriptome gene expression for almost 30 different species, Exon microarrays to analyze splicing variants and gene expression microarrays with comprehensive content, including full LNCipedia databases to provide full coverage of the transcriptome in a single experiment. (agilent.com)
  • UPTON, NY - By creating a "family tree" of genes expressed in one form of woody plant and a less woody, herbaceous species, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have uncovered clues that may help them engineer plants more amenable to biofuel production. (bnl.gov)
  • One major limitation associated with existing protocols when used on economically important citrus species is likely low plant regeneration frequencies. (springer.com)
  • A new Penn State university study found 52 cases of nonsexual transfer of DNA -- or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) -- from a host plants into a parasitic species known as broomrapes (genus Orobanche ). (zmescience.com)
  • You cannot find this gene, BtPMaT1, which neutralizes toxic compounds produced by the plant, in any other insect species. (earth.com)
  • Whiteflies are a major agricultural pest, attacking at least 600 different species of plants worldwide. (earth.com)
  • Our study shows that the direction of effects of most cis-regulatory variants differentiating the response between A. thaliana and the sister species A. lyrata and A. halleri depends on the direction of pre-existing plasticity in gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • This particular gene comes from wheat, and it is also found in many grass species. (esf.edu)
  • The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There is still much to learn about the diversity and complexity of the photoperiodic response across several plant groupings, even if much is known about it in particular species. (who.int)
  • Gene Editing With TALEN and CRISPR/Cas in Rice Honghao Bi and Bing Yang 6. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • On Improving CRISPR for Editing Plant Genes: Ribozyme-Mediated Guide RNA Production and Fluorescence-Based Technology for Isolating Transgene-Free Mutants Generated by CRISPR Yubing He, Rongchen Wang, Xinhua Dai and Yunde Zhao 10. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • Compared to the wild-type plants , the CRISPR /Cas9-mediated SlKED knockout plants did not exhibit altered expression patterns for genes involved in hormone biosynthesis or stress signaling, suggesting a lack of pleiotropic effect on other stress-responsive genes . (bvsalud.org)
  • Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)
  • The other necessary genes are found in the algae's nuclear DNA. (sott.net)
  • It seemed possible that these genes are regulated by transcription factors that are themselves regulated by miRNAs, and at a translational level by a process involving DRB2. (nature.com)
  • RIViT-seq technology could speed up associating transcription factors with their target genes. (doe.gov)
  • These genes comprise 289 Transcription Factors (TFs) representing Basic Helix-loop Helix (bHLH), Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs), myeloblastosis (MYB), No apical meristem (NAC), and WRKY amino acid motif (WRKY) type major families known to be involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • In their latest experiments, Rumpho and colleagues sequenced the chloroplast genes of Vaucheria litorea, the alga that is the sea slug's favourite snack. (sott.net)
  • Light-stimulated transcription of genes for two chloroplast polypeptides in isolated pea leaf nuclei. (wikidata.org)
  • Of particular interest to Liu's group were a number of genes expressed at high levels in the woody plant tissues. (bnl.gov)
  • These early trees contain the wheat oxalate oxidase gene controlled by a vascular promoter, meaning the enzyme is predominantly present in the stem tissues where infections occur. (esf.edu)
  • Central to this investigation is an understanding of what gene products are required and expressed during a natural infection and how this expression changes over time (from initial colonization to causation of disease and spread of the pathogen to new hosts) and space (in different cells or tissues within the host). (cdc.gov)
  • Wounded leaves of the KED-lacking plants exhibited higher binding of Evans blue dye than the wild-type, indicating a possible role for KED in healing damaged tissues . (bvsalud.org)
  • The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It has also been shown that the kn1 mRNA can be transported bidirectionally via phloem cells in plants (Duan et al. (springer.com)
  • The accepted method to address this challenge is to produce mutations, that is, to modify genes in different ways and then to examine changes in the plant's traits as a result of the mutation in the DNA and to learn from this about the function of the gene. (phys.org)
  • Based on the findings, the team developed a small RNA molecule that interferes with the whiteflies' BtPMaT1 gene and makes the flies susceptible to the plant's toxic compounds. (earth.com)
  • Through APA, a single gene containing multiple PAS can generate a considerable number of transcript isoforms, thereby producing a highly diversified transcriptome ( Tian and Manley, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, data mining of the alterations in the plant transcriptome will lead to further insights into how abiotic stress affects plant physiology. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under drought and flooding conditions were investigated using Illumina RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our hope is that we can use this information to find the best strategies to generate, or breed, resistant host plants. (zmescience.com)
  • It seems clear to me that if we want to breed plants resistant to the compound effects of climate change, we should probably select for efficient protoxylem function, something we may be able to do using the nut1 gene. (berkeley.edu)
  • Beckie , H , Warwick , S , Nair , H , Séguin-Swartz G ( 2003 ) Gene flow in commercial fields of herbicide-resistant canola ( Brassica napus ). (cambridge.org)
  • Measuring the relationship between resistant germs and genes, drug residues (small amounts of leftover drugs or pieces of drugs that are not completely absorbed by the body), the environment, and human health is complex and incomplete. (cdc.gov)
  • However, some antibiotic and antifungal residues and resistant germs and genes can survive treatment because wastewater treatment systems are not specifically designed to kill or remove them. (cdc.gov)
  • Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
  • Frontiers in Plant Science 2012, 3 . (lu.se)
  • Lithuanian Plants Genes Bank (Lithuanian: Augalų genų bankas, AGB) is plant gene resource guardian and sustainable use organization governed by Lithuania's Ministry of Environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Key to the organization of an individual gene is its promoter, to which machinery, especially RNA polymerase, can attach. (jove.com)
  • The second was that genes from the center of the range that did not help plants adapt would dilute any adaptive genes, negating their benefit. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The changes in expression of genes involved in regulating the flux of cell wall precursors and starch/sugar content can serve as an adaptive mechanism for soybean survival under stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • A comparison of the rate of cis-acting variant accumulation in each lineage indicates that the selective forces driving adaptive evolution in gene expression favors regulatory changes that magnify the stress response in A. lyrata. (nih.gov)
  • We examined the coevolutionary interactions between plants (Brassicales) and butterflies (Pieridae), and uncovered evidence for an escalating evolutionary arms-race. (lu.se)
  • Therefore, several studies have been conducted with the aim of establishing the best ways through which plant development can be assured, taking into consideration the environmental response and evolutionary patterns of the modern society. (essaywriter.org)
  • This evolutionary innovation is so central to plant identity that nearly all land plants use the same pores - called stomata - to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. (washington.edu)
  • The evolutionary constraints measured on the amino-acid sequence of these genes support this interpretation. (nih.gov)
  • This seems to be the first recorded example of the horizontal gene transfer of a functional gene from a plant into an insect," said Turlings. (earth.com)
  • The treatment uses a virus to insert a functional piece of DNA into the eyes to override a defective gene. (singularityhub.com)
  • The expression of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis related genes were significantly reduced under both types of stresses, which limit the metabolic processes and thus help prolong survival under extreme conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • The traffic of genes among populations may help living things better adapt to climate change, especially when genes flow among groups most affected by warming, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The first prediction was that any mixing of genes from a wider population would help plants adapt to warming conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study showed that the first prediction was true -- gene flow did help the plants adapt to a warmer environment. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sexton noted that hybrids of monkeyflowers from two warm-edge populations did better than either of their parents, perhaps because the populations had been using different genes to adapt to warm environments. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sometimes these transcriptional changes are successful adaptations leading to tolerance while in other instances the plant ultimately fails to adapt to the new environment and is labeled as sensitive to that condition. (nih.gov)
  • Introgression of the lost allele into modern maize resulted in hybrids with significantly increased yield under high-density planting, the authors say. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Wood and other biofibers made of plant cell walls are the most abundant feedstocks for biofuel production," explained Liu. (bnl.gov)
  • Maize plants require an abundant water supply and moderate temperatures to accomplish fertilization and produce seed. (berkeley.edu)
  • The incorporation of a HT trait(s) may increase the fitness of the recipient plants, making them more abundant and persistent, and may result in weeds that are difficult to control by the herbicide(s) to which they are tolerant. (cambridge.org)
  • It's the ultimate form of solar power: eat a plant, become photosynthetic. (sott.net)
  • This study has revealed the involvement of TFs, transporters, and photosynthetic genes, and has also given a glimpse of hormonal cross talk under the extreme water regimes, which will aid as an important resource for soybean crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)
  • To see how reduced oxalate affects the fungus' ability to attack a plant, view the following time-lapse video of an "Apple test" used to measure fungal virulence (long version viewable on YouTube ). (esf.edu)
  • Plant Physiology and Development (2014) Taiz et al. (lu.se)
  • Plant and Cell Physiology 2007, 48 (8):1132-1147. (lu.se)
  • Agricultural Biosafety: towards commercialisation of genetically modified crop plants and vaccines (pp. 29 - 32). (bris.ac.uk)
  • However, the HFFA study also highlighted the challenges of maintaining current rates of yield improvement, and underlined the critical importance of access to new breeding techniques, such as gene editing, with the potential to accelerate the rate of progress in crop innovation. (bspb.co.uk)
  • Antibiotics and antifungals (fungicides) are sometimes applied as pesticides to manage plant and crop diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Solubilization of phosphates and micronutrients by the plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum rifai 1295-22. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Transgenic tobacco cell cultures expressing a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene release the enzyme into the medium. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Increased growth of plants in the presence of the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • However, the potential of glucanase genes from Trichoderma has been scarcely studied. (isaaa.org)
  • To test my hypothesis, I investigated which genes of the auxin and cytokinin pathways are regulated by WOX4, also in comparison to WUSCHEL, a stem cell regulator of the shoot apical meristem. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • According to the results, UPA2 confers upright and narrow plant growth in teosinte, but the gene is absent in maize. (eurasiareview.com)
  • However, some transgenic lines showed stunted growth and reduced yield due to both a reduced number of fruits per plant and smaller fruit size. (isaaa.org)
  • Results show that bgn13.1 from T. harzianum can be used to increase strawberry tolerance to crown rot diseases, but also affects plant growth and fruit yield. (isaaa.org)
  • They provide the cells for plant growth and allow many plants to continue growing throughout their lives, thereby producing enormous amounts of plant biomass on this planet. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)
  • The transition from vegetative growth to flowering is a crucial developmental change for flowering plants. (nature.com)
  • Chia () Gene Expression Atlas Elucidates Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Changes Associated With Plant Growth and Development. (oregonstate.edu)
  • 2014). With the help of several collaborators, we are evaluating potential impacts of transgenic chestnut on soil fungi, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, other wildlife, persistence in the environment, tree growth rates, pollen flow, and surrounding plant communities. (esf.edu)
  • The SlKED knockout plants showed a similar dietary effect as the wild-type on the larval growth of tobacco hornworm . (bvsalud.org)
  • Animal waste is often used as fertilizer on agricultural lands to help with plant growth. (cdc.gov)
  • The fatty acid profile of plant oils determines their quality and uses. (osti.gov)
  • In this study, saturated fatty acids were greatly reduced by down-regulating genes encoding the fatty acyl-ACP thioesterases (FATB). (osti.gov)
  • Previously, Europe has led the charge with its approval of Glybera in 2015, a gene therapy that reduces fatty acid buildup in the bloodstream. (singularityhub.com)
  • This report contains an unofficial translation of the rules and a table comparing the new document with the previously issued Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of Gene-Edited Plants for Agricultural Use (Trial). (usda.gov)
  • Silencing the whitefly gene could serve as a targeted pest control strategy to combat agricultural devastation caused by whiteflies. (earth.com)
  • The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that expression of the kn1 gene enhances transformation efficiencies from 3 to 15 fold compared to a control vector, 3-11 fold relative to the highest transformation efficiencies reported for these citrus genotypes. (springer.com)
  • Increasing gene dosage greatly enhances recombinant expression of aquaporins in Pichia pastoris. (lu.se)
  • By adapting new varieties of maize with more upright leaves, the planting density of maize has been drastically increased. (eurasiareview.com)
  • They then looked at how the genes were expressed - activated to make their enzyme products - in different parts of the plants. (bnl.gov)
  • Liu's group also made some interesting observations about gene expression and gene location in their study of the acyl-modifying enzyme genes. (bnl.gov)
  • That would prevent the RNA from building its enzyme, so the expression of one gene in the pair appears to inhibit its partner. (bnl.gov)
  • Glyphosate is a non-selective broad-spectrum herbicide that blocks 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS, aka AroA), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microorganisms. (isaaa.org)
  • Then they tested if the optimized gene and its expressed enzyme can provide tolerance to glyphosate in transgenic tobacco plants. (isaaa.org)
  • Third, there is a very simple enzyme assay that can detect the presence of this gene in any chestnut tree, and thereby making blight tolerant trees easy to identify and follow in a restoration program. (esf.edu)
  • Therefore, if a single gene from a certain gene family is mutated, there is a high probability that another gene from the same family (actually a copy very similar to the mutated gene) will mask the phenotypes in place of the mutated gene. (phys.org)
  • The microbiome associated with the two types of plant residues was characterised by metabarcoding. (biorxiv.org)
  • Eukaryotes have a mechanism termed alternative polyadenylation (APA), which allows the selective use of PAS in genes containing multiple PAS. (frontiersin.org)
  • The type of biological networks that studies gene coexpression, known as Gene Coexpression Networks, consist of an undirected graph depicting genes and their coexpression relationships. (mdpi.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mary Rumpho of the University of Maine, is an expert on E. chlorotica and has now discovered how the sea slug gets this ability: it photosynthesises with genes "stolen" from the algae it eats. (sott.net)
  • Its sequence was identical to the algal version, indicating that the slug had probably stolen the gene from its food. (sott.net)
  • Figure 1: Expression patterns of DRB1 and DRB2 in wild-type plants, and miRNA target expression in drb1 and drb2 . (nature.com)
  • Plants, being sessile, have the ability to dramatically alter their gene expression patterns in response to environmental changes such as temperature, water availability or the presence of deleterious levels of ions. (nih.gov)
  • Protoxylem, one of the first-formed vascular cells, are vital for early water circulation in the plant. (berkeley.edu)
  • I found that the expression of the type-A ARR genes ARR5, ARR6, ARR7 and ARR15 is reduced in the hypocotyl vascular cambium. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Importantly, when ARR7 and ARR15 are mutated, the cell fate decisions of vascular cambium stem cells are altered and more wood cells are produced than in wild type plants. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • It is not associated with gluten found in wheat, but it is a natural defense gene that helps protect wheat from disease. (esf.edu)
  • Parasitic plants seem to have a far greater rate of horizontal gene transfer than non-parasitic plants and we think this is because of their very intimate connection they have with their host," said dePamphilis. (zmescience.com)
  • Future research may investigate the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer to help engineer improved plant defenses against parasitic attacks, dePamphilis concluded. (zmescience.com)
  • However, the question how the duplicated genes evolve are largely not addressed. (confex.com)
  • Modifying the genes of plants allowed the team to see GFP production using a simple black light to provide long-wave ultraviolet (UV) light. (eurekalert.org)
  • Reporter genes are attached to other genes of interest to provide an inexpensive, rapid, and sensitive assay for studying gene delivery and gene expression. (eurekalert.org)
  • Gene Editing in Plants, Volume 149 aims to provide the reader with an up-to-date survey of cutting-edge research with gene editing tools and an overview of the implications of this research on the nutritional quality of fruits, vegetables and grains. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • Both RCB and HEMERA are needed to control the abundance of a family of master gene regulators that provide several functions, reacting to temperature and light, as well as making plants turn green. (azocleantech.com)
  • The mechanism that overcomes drought stress in plants is facilitated by drought avoidance, drought tolerance, drought escape, and drought recovery ( Cruz De Carvalho, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This is important because it removes the selective pressure on the fungus to overcome this tolerance-enhancing gene. (esf.edu)
  • Although the plant and animal kingdoms were separated more than 1,6 billion years ago, multicellular development is for both guided by similar transcriptional, epigenetic and posttranscriptional machinery. (lu.se)