Genes involved embryonic cell differentiation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Recent ChIP experiments of human and mouse embryonic stem cells have elucidated the architecture of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry responsible for cell determination, which involves the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. (lu.se)
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells, meaning that they can give rise to all tissues in the body. (utexas.edu)
Here we test this model by evaluating the impact of MLL3/4 loss on chromatin and transcription during early differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
PCGF6-PRC1 suppresses premature differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating germ cell-related genes. (riken.jp)
in the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (edu.au)

The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA binding homeobox transcription factor involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation, renewal, and pluripotency. (nih.gov)
Adult ependyma-specific deletion of Ccn1 transiently enhanced NSC proliferation and reduced neuronal differentiation in mice, increasing the numbers of NSCs and NSC units. (stanford.edu)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Compartmentalization of dJmj in nucleolus together with some of PcG may be necessary to de-repress the expression of genes required to cellular growth and proliferation in the following meiotic divisions. (sdbonline.org)
Pax6 serves as a regulator in the coordination and pattern formation required for differentiation and proliferation to successfully take place, ensuring that the processes of neurogenesis and oculogenesis are carried out successfully. (biolegend.com)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Mice homozygous for a conditional allele activated in neuronal stem cells exhibit decreased NSC proliferation and premature differentiation and decreased number of late-born neurons. (jax.org)
It will also have links through our USA collaborators to understanding the role of such growth factors in the proliferation tumor cells within the brain (U87 a nasty brain tumor). (edu.au)
We also want to know if these signalling pathways activate proliferation and differentiation. (edu.au)
virtually every tissue expresses at least one family member, consistent with a critical role for TEAD proteins in either cell proliferation or differentiation. (embl-heidelberg.de)

It is becoming clear that epigenetic changes including alterations of chromatin modifications provide a key mechanism for regulating the diverse structural and functional features of chromatin, including control of gene regulation and maintenance of genomic integrity. (pewtrusts.org)
Mainly we try to understand how dynamic and coordinated changes of chromatin modifications including histone modification and DNA methylation (epigenetic codes) regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells. (pewtrusts.org)
We seek to identify novel epigenetic regulators and characterize their roles in controlling the patterns of epigenetic codes during normal cell differentiation and tissue development. (pewtrusts.org)
Cell differentiation during embryonic-fetal development involves different epigenetic processes which, if altered, may affect either somatic or germ cells. (bmj.com)
Epigenetic alterations can occur in somatic cells at different stages of life, from fecundation to adulthood, and when germ cells are affected, such changes can even be passed on to future generations. (bmj.com)
This review summarises the main epigenetic processes that influence gene expression and cell specification at different stages of development. (bmj.com)
Such epigenetic reprogramming is a hallmark of germ cell formation. (sciencedaily.com)
ES cells have been an invaluable resource for advancing fundamental understanding of global transcriptional and epigenetic regulations, signaling pathways, and noncoding RNA in mammalian systems. (utexas.edu)
Differentiation is a complex process involving actions of ES cell core factors, lineage specific regulators, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin remodelers. (utexas.edu)
This screen is capable of analyzing the expression of 48 genes simultaneously across dozens of different samples, and our gene list covers all three germ layers that arise during normal embryonic development, the trophectoderm, and epigenetic regulators of chromatin status. (utexas.edu)
That was the beginning of the epigenetic revolution [1] ( Epigenetic Inheritance - What Genes Remember , SiS 41). (i-sis.org.uk)
The epigenetic regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression is crucial for human development. (researchgate.net)
The Developmental Genetics Research Group studies epigenetic regulation of organ development and stem cell functions, mediated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins and DNA methylation (5mC) mechanisms. (riken.jp)
Using this type of direct conversion approach rather than making them from induced pluripotent stem cells, where they revert into a naïve state, helps to retain the epigenetic age of the patient in the generated interneurons. (lu.se)

This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
While more and more long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were identified to take important roles in both maintaining pluripotency and regulating differentiation, how these lincRNAs may define and drive cell fate decisions on a global scale are still mostly elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
Standard methods such as quantitative PCR and bulk RNA-seq capture the average expression of RNAs from large populations of cells," Alex Lederer, a doctoral student at EPFL and one of the study's lead authors said in the news release. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
This work involves analysis of fetal brain anatomy, and identification of key genes and noncoding RNAs controlling the compartmentalisation of the brain. (lu.se)

Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Members of what's called the DAZ family, the genes are unusual in that they encode RNA-binding proteins rather than the DNA transcription factors more commonly known to regulate cellular events. (sciencedaily.com)
Thus, it has been argued that the observed bivalency simply reflects cellular heterogeneity arising from the averaging of cells that carry either, but not both, marks at a given locus (Fig. 2). (researchgate.net)
We construct a molecular map of cellular differentiation from pluripotency towards all major embryonic lineages, and explore the complex events involved in the convergence of visceral and primitive streak-derived endoderm. (nih.gov)
The retina also contains a layer called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which has several important functions, including light absorption, cleaning up cellular waste, and keeping the other cells of the eye healthy. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
Therefore, mutations have been introduced by homologous recombination (HR) in F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, a cell-autonomous system that differentiates in the presence of RA, in order to disrupt RAR and RXR genes and establish their cellular and molecular functions in RA-induced differentiation. (degruyter.com)
The zygote undergoes rapid mitotic divisions, the formation of two exact genetic replicates of the original cell, with no significant growth (a process known as cleavage) and cellular differentiation, leading to development of an embryo. (news-medical.net)
It involves a cell signaling mechanism with a wide range of functions, including cellular differentiation, and the formation of the embryonic structures (embryogenesis). (asu.edu)
However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)

We have found a suitable substrate that can be used to enhance neuronal survival after cell transplantation and we expect to publish a research paper in this new method of cell transplantation. (ca.gov)
Here we show that downregulation of Zeb1 expression in embryonic cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is necessary for proper neuronal differentiation and migration. (stanford.edu)
Overexpression of Zeb1 during neuronal differentiation, when its expression normally declines, blocks NPC lineage progression and disrupts multipolar-to-bipolar transition of differentiating neurons, leading to severe migration defects and subcortical heterotopia bands at postnatal stages. (stanford.edu)
These findings provide insights into understanding the complexity of transcriptional regulation during neuronal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Loss of VCAM1 reduced the number of active embryonic RGCs by stimulating their premature neuronal differentiation while preventing quiescence in the slowly dividing RGCs. (stanford.edu)
We exposed human embryonic stem cells undergoing neuronal differentiation with paracetamol concentrations corresponding to maternal therapeutic doses. (bvsalud.org)
Some genes involved in neuronal injury and development-specific pathways, such as KCNE3, overlapped with differentially methylated genes previously identified in cord blood associated with prenatal paracetamol exposure. (bvsalud.org)
Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)

The endosperm-specific transcription factor ZHOUPI has previously been shown to play a key role in this process, by regulating both endosperm breakdown and the formation of the embryonic cuticle. (biologists.com)

In the current study, the researchers treated human embryonic stem cells with proteins known to stimulate germ cell formation and isolated those that began to express germ-cell-specific genes -- about 5 percent of the total. (sciencedaily.com)
Overexpressing the three proteins together allowed the researchers to generate haploid cells -- those with only one copy of each chromosome -- expressing proteins found in mature sperm. (sciencedaily.com)
This suggests that BOULE may play a larger role than the other proteins in the development of female germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
Jumonji (JmjC) domain proteins (see Jarid2 ) influence gene expression and chromatin organization by way of histone demethylation, which provides a means to regulate the activity of genes across the genome. (sdbonline.org)
Cytosine modifications directly affect the positioning of nucleosomes (the first level of chromatin organization into chromosome involving the DNA chain wound around a core of 8 histone proteins), and recruit chromatin-modifying complexes that modify histones. (i-sis.org.uk)
In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes, or the production of mRNA from DNA. (biolegend.com)
Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. (springer.com)
These proteins are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during development of the fetus and are indispensable for the differentiation of ectoderm-derived structures such as eccrine sweat glands, teeth, hair, skin, and/or nails. (springer.com)
Novel data were reviewed and discussed on the structure and functions of the components of TNFα-related signaling pathway, the consequences of mutations of the genes encoding these proteins, and the prospect for further investigations, which might elucidate the origin of HED. (springer.com)
We demonstrate that RA forms a noisy gradient during critical stages of hindbrain patterning and that cells use distinct intracellular binding proteins to attenuate noise in RA levels. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments also show that proteins that interact with retinoic acid help to reduce noise within a cell. (elifesciences.org)
The Notch signaling pathways spans two cells, and consists of receptor proteins, which cross one cell's membrane and interacts with proteins on adjacent cells, called ligands. (asu.edu)
Each IFT particle is made up of two groups of IFT proteins: complex A and complex B. The protein produced from the WDR35 gene forms part of IFT complex A (IFT-A). During intraflagellar transport, this complex carries materials from the tip to the base of cilia. (medlineplus.gov)

We also begin to produce and characterize a new type of human stem cells, namely induced pluripotent cells that are obtained by converting somatic cells into stem cell through reprogramming. (ca.gov)
The researchers plan to use a similar strategy to optimize the production of eggs from embryonic stem cells, as well as investigating whether reprogrammed adult cells called induced pluripotent cells, or iPS cells, can also be used to create germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
Across the animal kingdom, gastrulation represents a key developmental event during which embryonic pluripotent cells diversify into lineage-specific precursors that will generate the adult organism. (nih.gov)

This gene may play a role in embryonic development and epithelial cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
These play critical roles in cell growth and survival, differentiation, embryonic development, and their related pathologies, including oncogenic transformation. (pewtrusts.org)
An additional goal, the discovery of unknown genes involved in the serotonergic development and profiling of serotonergic phenotype, might also be achieved. (fu-berlin.de)
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. Several studies have described a pivotal role for RA signalling in different biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development and organogenesis. (mdpi.com)
WSS is caused by abnormal migration or differentiation of neural crest cells during embryonic development. (orpha.net)
These genes are involved in melanocyte development and nerve cells development in the intestine. (orpha.net)
Steroid or nuclear hormone receptors constitute an important superfamily of transcription regulators that are involved in widely diverse physiological functions, including control of embryonic development, cell differentiation and homeostasis. (embl.de)
During development, neural stem cells (NSCs) undergo transitions from neuroepithelial cells to radial glial cells (RGCs), and later, a subpopulation of slowly dividing RGCs gives rise to the quiescent adult NSCs that populate the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). (stanford.edu)
And because germ cells begin to form very early in embryonic development (by eight to 10 weeks), there's been a dearth of human material to work with. (sciencedaily.com)
They then used a technique called RNA silencing to examine how blocking the expression of each of three DAZ family members in the embryonic stem cells affected germ cell development. (sciencedaily.com)
They found that one family member, DAZL, functions very early in germ cell development, while two others, DAZ1 and BOULE, stimulate the then-mature germ cells to divide to form gametes. (sciencedaily.com)
This has catalyzed research in both early embryogenesis as a model system for mammalian development as well as regenerative medicine as a renewable source of unspecialized cells which can be converted into nearly any cell type required by a patient. (utexas.edu)
However, most JmjC genes do not critically regulate development, as 10 members are viable and fertile with no obvious developmental defects. (sdbonline.org)
Functional analysis showed that they were preferentially involved in several early-development related biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional analysis further demonstrated that hES lincRNAs were preferentially involved in multiple development processes including embryo development, ribosome biogenesis, and aging. (biomedcentral.com)
However, genes expressed early in development may preferentially retain histones. (i-sis.org.uk)
Together, this comprehensive delineation of mammalian cell differentiation trajectories in vivo represents a baseline for understanding the effects of gene mutations during development, as well as a roadmap for the optimization of in vitro differentiation protocols for regenerative medicine. (nih.gov)
Retinoic Acid is an important factor for embryonic development, eye health, adipogenesis (fat cell development) and myogenesis (muscle differentiation) as well as the activation of many other genes. (berkeley.edu)
The critical functions of TFs in development are coupled to their target genes through TF binding of cis -regulatory elements such as enhancers. (biomedcentral.com)
During the development of multicellular organisms, precursor cells for specialized organs need to differentiate in reproducible proportions and in spatially coherent domains. (biologists.com)
Notch receptors and Notch ligands were detected in virtually all cells throughout EB development. (karger.com)
RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
Pax6 is a transcription factor present during embryonic development. (biolegend.com)
It is a key regulatory gene of eye and brain development. (biolegend.com)
Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
Pax-6 acts as a critical gene for the development of eyes and other sensory organs, certain neural and epidermal tissues as well as other homologous structures, usually derived from ectodermal tissues. (biolegend.com)
GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
The current protein-protein interplay community evaluation recognized these mechanisms concerned within the adaptive and innate immunity, the metabolism of the glucose, most cancers cell development, apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA injury responses. (rbprotein.com)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
Embryonic development or embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo is formed and develops. (news-medical.net)
All multicellular animals use Notch signaling, which is involved in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of a range of tissues. (asu.edu)
Regulation of gene expression at the beginning of mammalian development and the TEAD family of transcription factors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
In mouse development, transcription is first detected in late 1-cell embryos, but translation of newly synthesized transcripts does not begin until the 2-cell stage. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Cilia participate in signaling pathways that transmit information within and between cells and are important for the development and function of many types of cells and tissues, including cells in the kidneys and liver and the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina). (medlineplus.gov)
The IFT-A complex is essential for proper regulation of the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway, which is important for the growth and maturation (differentiation) of cells and the normal shaping (patterning) of many parts of the body, especially during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
Through the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we can mimic brain development towards different regions of the human brain, and thereby investigate the effect of novel genes on neural differentiation. (lu.se)
The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) comprise a large, heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that are defined by primary defects in the development of 2 or more tissues derived from embryonic ectoderm. (medscape.com)
In 2003, Lamartine reclassified the ectodermal dysplasias into the following 4 functional groups based on the underlying pathophysiologic defect: (1) cell-to-cell communication and signaling, (2) adhesion, (3) development, and (4) other. (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] Other classification systems categorize the ectodermal dysplasias based on defects in cell-cell communication and signaling, adhesion, transcription regulation, or development. (medscape.com)
Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)

In particular, we are interested in exploring novel mechanisms involved in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. (pewtrusts.org)
It is, however, involved in the regulation of behavioral and autonomic pathways. (fu-berlin.de)
We also suggest tests that could discriminate between a variety of feedforward regulation architectures of the target genes by OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. (lu.se)
Methylation of mammalian DNA and histone residues are known to regulate transcription, and the discovery of demethylases that remove methylation in DNA and histones provide a basis for the understanding of dynamic regulation of mammalian gene expression. (cmbn.no)
Knowledge on these demethylases has led to a tremendous progress in the understanding of methyl marks in gene regulation and role in numerous diseases. (cmbn.no)
Furthermore, despite the failure to gain active histone marks at thousands of enhancers, transcriptional activation of nearby genes is largely unaffected, thus uncoupling the regulation of these chromatin events from transcriptional changes during this transition. (biomedcentral.com)
Target gene regulation is mediated by general chromatin regulators which are recruited to enhancers bound by TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
[ 7 ] Similarly, in 2001, Priolo and Laganà reclassified the ectodermal dysplasias into 2 main functional groups: (1) defects in developmental regulation/epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and (2) defects in cytoskeleton maintenance and cell stability. (medscape.com)

In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease. (mdpi.com)
Here we report the transcriptional profiles of 116,312 single cells from mouse embryos collected at nine sequential time points ranging from 6.5 to 8.5 days post-fertilization. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we use single-cell profiling to show that Tal1 -/- chimeric embryos display defects in early mesoderm diversification, and we thus demonstrate how combining temporal and transcriptional information can illuminate gene function. (nih.gov)
The availability of multiple PAS in the same 3' regulatory region enables the inclusion or exclusion of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequences, resulting in transcripts that may differ in particularities involving post-transcriptional processes such as stability, transport and translation ( Mayr, 2016 ), and even protein localization ( Berkovits and Mayr, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)

NANOG confers resistance to complement-dependent cytotoxicity in immune-edited tumor cells through up-regulating CD59. (nih.gov)
Nanog, as a key cancer stem cell marker in tumor progression. (nih.gov)
The recurrence and drug resistance of breast cancer are intractable due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are adequate to initiate tumor formation and refractory to conventional remedies. (spandidos-publications.com)
For instance, RUNX2 is involved in the progression of various tumor types, such as osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 15 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
Efficient regeneration of Human Vα24+ invariant NKT cells and their anti-tumor activity in vivo. (riken.jp)
HED embraces a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases and is due to mutations of several genes that encode components of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway (Cluzeau et al. (springer.com)
In particular, this project is aimed at looking at the signalling pathways that are activated when these growth factors activate their receptors, which are on these stem and tumor cells. (edu.au)
Teratomas (from Greek teras, meaning "monster," and - oma, a suffix denoting a tumor or neoplasm) and other germ cell tumors are relatively common solid neoplasms in children. (medscape.com)
and the tumor suppressor genes WT1 and MASH2 are imprinted, depending on their maternal or paternal origin. (medscape.com)
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)

Human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the stem cells of teratocarcinomas, and they are key components of germ cell tumors (GCTs). (sigmaaldrich.com)

Hence, the stem cell can be manipulated to be self-renewing without the requirement of input signals. (lu.se)
Ependyma-expressed CCN1 restricts the size of the neural stem cell pool in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone. (stanford.edu)
Reijo Pera is a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the medical school and the director of Stanford's Center for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education. (sciencedaily.com)
Based on multiple RNA-Seq datasets, we systematically identified 300 human embryonic stem cell lincRNAs (hES lincRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
As the first global profiling and annotating of human embryonic stem cell lincRNAs, this work aims to provide a valuable resource for both experimental biologists and bioinformaticians. (biomedcentral.com)
Combining a comprehensive collection of human embryonic stem cell RNA-Seq datasets with Human BodyMap 2, we validated that 295 previously annotated lincRNAs were expressed in multiple human embryonic stem cell samples and further identified five novel hES lincRNAs through de novo assembling. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we surveyed and manually screened published hES RNA-Seq datasets in several public repositories, resulting in a list of 31 wild-type human embryonic stem cell samples. (biomedcentral.com)
2 Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. (nih.gov)
The University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) is well positioned to make significant contributions by leveraging fundamental stem cell-based biomedical research efforts with enabling technologies in materials, microfluidics and bioengineering. (ca.gov)
We have developed and renovated a 1400 sq. ft. shared-use stem cell laboratory called the Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering. (ca.gov)
The overall mission of this laboratory is to facilitate and promote stem cell research by investigators at UCSB, as well as those at neighboring universities, research institutes, and biotechnology companies on the California central coast. (ca.gov)
Past and current users of the Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering include 52 researchers from 18 research groups, representing collaborations with 12 companies and 17 different universities and research institutes. (ca.gov)
Research carried out in the facility has made significant, high impact contributions in three areas of stem cell research: Molecular Mechanisms/Basic Science, Translational Bioengineering, and Regenerative Medicine. (ca.gov)
Advances in bioengineering have addressed problems of how to control growth and differentiation of stem cells using novel biomaterials, how to sort and purify specific stem cell products, and how to deliver and sustain stem cell grafts in vivo. (ca.gov)
Past and current users of the Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering include 58 researchers (6 new researchers in the past year) from 18 research groups, representing collaborations with 12 companies and 17 different universities and research institutes. (ca.gov)
Here, we address these questions by analyzing the effects of targeted signaling manipulations in differentiating stem cell populations at single-cell resolution. (biologists.com)
We portrayed the Notch system in embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiating under the standard protocols used to assess yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis in vitro. (karger.com)
Their work shows that the protocol can develop safe and efficient pluripotent stem cell-based therapies for age-related macular degeneration. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
The study is published and featured on this month's cover of the journal Stem Cell Reports . (ophthalmologytimes.com)
An article published in the journal Cell Stem Cell describes the first scientific study to develop blastoids - "synthetic embryos", as they were initially (and incorrectly) called - from bovine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). (news-medical.net)
Treatment selection takes into account patient age, fitness, and whether autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is planned. (medscape.com)

The BMP, Wnt and Nodal signaling requirements for the differentiation of specific mesoderm subtypes in mammals have been mapped in detail, but how FGF shapes mesodermal cell type diversity is not precisely known. (biologists.com)
It is also not clear how FGF signaling integrates with the activity of other signaling systems involved in mesoderm differentiation. (biologists.com)
By definition, teratomas include components derived from all three embryonic layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. (medscape.com)

Andreas Bruzelius defended his Ph.D. thesis 'Generating GABAergic interneurons through reprogramming and differentiation strategies' on Friday, 20 October 2023. (lu.se)
I've worked specifically with generating interneurons in the lab, using reprogramming and differentiation strategies. (lu.se)

Generation of molecularly defined null mutants revealed that loss of 8 out of 13 JmjC genes modify position effect variegation (PEV) phenotypes, consistent with their ascribed role in regulating chromatin organization. (sdbonline.org)
NcRNAs such as those involved in RNA interference can be independently inherited, and can also direct chromatin modification and DNA methylation see [7, 8] RNA Inheritance of Acquired Characters , and Nucleic Acid Invaders from Food Confirmed , SiS 63). (i-sis.org.uk)
Germ cell chromatin is vastly different from that of other cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Enhancer activation is a multi-step process involving chromatin remodelers and histone modifiers including the monomethylation of H3K4 (H3K4me1) by MLL3 (KMT2C) and MLL4 (KMT2D). (biomedcentral.com)
Single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq integration identified paracetamol-induced chromatin opening changes linked to gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
Rb is directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining chromatin structure and that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. (biolegend.com)
The non-specific lethal (NSL) complex is a chromatin-associated factor that has been shown to regulate the expression of thousands of genes in both fruit flies and mammals. (news-medical.net)
Chromatin-mediated repression is established after formation of a 2-cell embryo, concurrent with the developmental acquisition of enhancer function. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The encoded protein can block ES cell differentiation and can also autorepress its own expression in differentiating cells. (nih.gov)
The switch stabilizes the expression levels of the three genes, and through their regulatory roles on the downstream target genes, leads to a binary decision: When OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG are expressed and the switch is ON, the self-renewal genes are ON and the differentiation genes are OFF. (lu.se)
Here, we show that HSC-like cells were efficiently induced from mouse ESCs by enforced expression of Lhx2, a LIM-homeobox transcription factor. (ebiotrade.com)
These results demonstrate that ectopic expression of Lhx2 confers an in vivo engrafting capacity to ESC/iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells and in vivo behavior of iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells is almost identical to that of ESC-derived cells. (ebiotrade.com)
ABCD syndrome is a rare variant expression of WSS, characterized by albinism, black lock, cell migration disorder of the gut neurocytes and deafness. (orpha.net)
We found that major cellulase genes ( cel7a , cel7b , and cel3a ) exhibited concomitant decrease in IR rates and increase in their gene expression in T . reesei under cellulase-producing condition (cellulose and lactose) that was accompanied with a more active NMD pathway, as compared to non cellulase-producing condition (glucose). (researchsquare.com)
All these findings suggest that the IR of cellulase genes regulates their own gene expression by coupling with the NMD pathway, which might involve the TOR pathway. (researchsquare.com)
And yet deleting or increasing the expression of genes in the womb to understand why is both impossible and unethical. (sciencedaily.com)
Deletion of Jarid2 leads to impaired orchestration of gene expression during cell lineage commitment. (sdbonline.org)
As ChIP-seq cannot establish physical co-occurrence of two marks on the same allele, admixture of cells that either express (green) or do not express (red) the gene in focus could explain the occurrence of both marks as well as the low expression level in the overall population. (researchgate.net)
In contrast, in the case of ''true'' bivalency, virtually all cells in the population carry both marks simultaneously at the promoter in question, leading to low, if any, expression for that gene in all cells. (researchgate.net)
Enhancers are essential in defining cell fates through the control of cell-type-specific gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
MLL3/4 are thought to be critical for enhancer activation and cognate gene expression including through the recruitment of acetyltransferases for H3K27. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
Discoveries in fundamental basic research have revealed how human embryonic stem cells regulate gene expression to maintain pluripotency, how induced pluripotent stem cells retain a "memory" of their origin, and how adult stem cells differentiate in response to their environmental milieu. (ca.gov)
The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
Stimulation with exogenous FGF boosts the expression of endogenous Fgf genes while repressing Bmp ligand genes. (biologists.com)
The "spotlights" represent the use of single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the gene expression state of cells at early, mid, and late time points of retinal pigment epithelium differentiation. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
Using scRNA-seq, the researchers were able to study the entire gene expression profile of individual human embryonic stem cells throughout the differentiation protocol, which takes a total of sixty days. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
Furthermore, we show that re-introducing ABNORMAL LEAF-SHAPE1 expression in the endosperm of zhoupi mutants partially rescues embryonic cuticle formation without rescuing their persistent endosperm phenotype. (biologists.com)
Integrative analyses reveal that pulmonary function instruments, including 73 novel variants, influence lung tissue gene expression and implicate immune-related pathways in mediating the observed effects on lung carcinogenesis. (nature.com)
RUNX1 belongs to the runt domain family of transcription factors and regulates target gene expression through forming a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex with CBFB. (biolegend.com)
The downstream signal transduction toward Eda-A1 involves the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Clevers 2006 ) and requires lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (Lef-1) for activation of the Ed1 ( Ta ) expression (Durmowicz et al. (springer.com)
Morphogen gradients induce sharply defined domains of gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner, yet how cells interpret these signals in the face of spatial and temporal noise remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
The Control of synaptic gene expression. (edu.au)
Thus, the onset of zygotic gene expression (ZGE) is regulated at the level of both transcription and translation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Using a transgenic mouse model to specifically direct expression of reprogramming genes to parenchymal astrocytes residing in the striatum, we were recently able to show that endogenous mouse astrocytes can be directly converted into neurons in situ. (lu.se)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)
1 In particular, morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) have been used to block the expression of targeted genes in several invertebrate and vertebrate models. (cdc.gov)

Identification of genes involved in in vitro differentiation induction of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been challenged during last decade. (ebiotrade.com)
RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)

This antibody reacts with TRA-1-60 antigen that is expressed upon the surface of human tetracarcinoma stem cells (EC), human embryonic germ cells (EG) and human embryonic stem cells (ES). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Researchers at the school have devised a way to efficiently coax the cells to become human germ cells -- the precursors of egg and sperm cells -- in the laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
Unlike previous research, which yielded primarily immature germ cells, the cells in this most-recent study functioned well enough to generate sperm cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Figuring out the genetic 'recipe' needed to develop human germ cells in the laboratory will give us the tools we need to trace what's going wrong for these people. (sciencedaily.com)
This is the first evidence that you can create functional human germ cells in a laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition to expressing key genes, these cells also began to remove modifications, or methyl groups, to their DNA that confer cell-specific traits that would interfere with their ability to function as germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Overexpression of BOULE increased the relative proportion of putative germ cells from 2 to 12 percent in female, but not male, cell lines. (sciencedaily.com)
These tumors are grouped together because they all appear to arise from postmeiotic germ cells. (medscape.com)
The best evidence suggests that most are due to abnormal differentiation of fetal germ cells that arise from the fetal yolk sac. (medscape.com)
Normal migration of these germ cells may cause gonadal tumors, whereas abnormal migration produces extragonadal tumors. (medscape.com)

Cells Tissues Organs (2011) 193 (4): 239-252. (karger.com)
We conclude that spatio-temporally controlled somatic mutations generated in animal models in given cell-types/tissues and at chosen times during pre- and postnatal life, are required to reveal the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the receptor genes involved in the retinoid signaling pathway throughout the life of the mouse. (degruyter.com)
Animal cells need to be able to communicate with each other so that they can work together in tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)
Some researchers suggest that disrupted intraflagellar transport prevents signaling through the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, which could impact cell growth and other functions in several tissues throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
The tissues primarily involved are the skin and its appendages (hair follicles, eccrine glands, sebaceous glands, and, nails) and teeth. (medscape.com)
In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)

We show that, although ABNORMAL LEAF-SHAPE1 is required for normal embryonic cuticle formation, it plays no role in regulating endosperm breakdown. (biologists.com)

Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)

Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
Gene regulatory networks that drive cell fate are regulated spatiotemporally by cell-type-specific transcription factors (TFs). (biomedcentral.com)
Differentially methylated and/or expressed genes were involved in neurotransmission and cell fate determination trajectories. (bvsalud.org)
This includes long-term survival of transplanted cells in vivo to assess cell fate, maturation and integration, as well as functional behavioural assessment for graft function in vivo. (lu.se)
Early fate decisions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (lu.se)

Abstract The molecular cascade underlying tendon formation starts when progenitor cells begin to express the Scleraxis ( Scx ) gene. (techscience.com)

NANOG regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition via AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway in ovarian cancer SKOV-3 and A2780 cells. (nih.gov)
ZEB1 regulates a cohort of genes involved in cell differentiation and migration, including Neurod1 and Pard6b. (stanford.edu)
2015) . Jarid2 methylation via the PRC2 complex regulates H3K27me3 deposition during cell differentiation . (sdbonline.org)

Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5A gene. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family, characterized by the signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. (wikipedia.org)
The encoded protein may be involved in interaction between retinoic acid and G protein signalling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Here we show that VCAM1, a transmembrane protein previously found in quiescent adult NSCs, is expressed by a subpopulation of embryonic RGCs, in a temporal and region-specific manner. (stanford.edu)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)
The encoded protein contains two different binding sites that are known to bind DNA and function as a regulator of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)
Mutations of these genes are responsible for systemic tooth agenesis, in addition to the defects of other ectodermal structures, and this review is limited to description of the function of their protein products. (springer.com)
We developed Proteinarium , a multi-sample protein-protein interplay (PPI) instrument , to establish clusters of sufferers with shared gene networks. (rbprotein.com)
The biological part of this project will involve making transgenic mice with test non-coding DNA linked to reporter constructs such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). (edu.au)
The WDR35 gene (also known as IFT121 ) provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in the formation and maintenance of cilia, which are microscopic, finger-like projections that stick out from the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The WDR35 gene mutations involved in cranioectodermal dysplasia reduce the amount of functional WDR35 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)

Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)

Our findings provide new insight on how stem cells in the embryo are preserved to meet the need for growth and regeneration. (stanford.edu)
The effect of the DAZ family members on the embryonic stem cells varied according to whether the cells were derived from a male or a female embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
This positive autoregulation of FGF signaling, coupled with the repression of BMP signaling, may contribute to the specification of reproducible and coherent cohorts of cells with the same identity via a community effect, both in the embryo and in synthetic embryo-like systems. (biologists.com)
The ovist model held that the maternal egg was the location of this preformed embryo, while the other preformationism model known as spermism preferred the paternal germ cell, as the name implies. (asu.edu)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)

This syndrome is genetically heterogeneous, composed of three etiological subtypes: WS4-A, WS4-B and WS4-C, caused by mutations in the EDNRB (13q22.3, coding for the endothelin-B receptor), EDN3 (20q13.32, coding for an endothelin receptor ligand) and SOX10 (22q13.1, coding for the SOX10 transcription factor) genes, respectively. (orpha.net)
Once the transcription factor binds to an enhancer region, this can cause stimulation or repression of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)

Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
HR in embryonic stem (ES) cells, has therefore been used to generate null mutations of the various RARs and RXRs in the mouse germline. (degruyter.com)
However, due to (i) the complexity in "hormonal" signaling through transduction by the multiple RARs and RXRs, (ii) the functional redundancies (possibly artefactually generated by the mutations) within receptor isotypes belonging to a given gene family, and (iii) in utero or postnatal lethality of certain germline null mutations, these genetic studies through germline mutagenesis have failed to reveal many of the physiological functions of RARs and RXRs, notably in adults. (degruyter.com)
The purpose of this report is to review current literature on the structure and function of components of the TNFα-related signaling pathway, to present a novel approach to their contribution in the differentiation of skin appendages and to discuss the role of mutations of genes encoding components of this pathway in the origin of HED. (springer.com)
The molecular basis of non-syndromic tooth agenesis, which is caused by mutations of other genes mainly WNT10A , (Arte et al. (springer.com)
at least eight mutations in this gene have been identified in affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
and (3) Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome, all of which are caused by mutations in the TP63 gene. (medscape.com)

These neurons may be re- introduced in the brain of Tph2-/- mice, opening an exciting possibility of cell replacement therapy for central serotonergic system. (fu-berlin.de)
Furthermore, transplantation of Lhx2-transduced hematopoietic cells into lethally irradiated mice resulted in multi-lineage repopulation of hematopoietic cells over 4 months. (ebiotrade.com)
Until now we've relied on studies in mice to understand human germ cell differentiation, but the reproductive genes are not the same. (sciencedaily.com)
We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
Scx knockout mice develop some but not all tendons, suggesting that additional factors are necessary for tendon commitment, maintenance, and differentiation. (techscience.com)
Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele exhibit embryonic lethality and decreased histone acetylation. (jax.org)
The signaling via the TNFα-related pathway, which is critical for differentiation of skin appendages, has been elucidated mainly due to the investigations performed in mice (Mikkola 2009 ). (springer.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
This involves examining a number of genetically modified mice that we and our colleagues have created. (edu.au)
In each of these mice we have inactivated the genes that encode for synaptic signalling molecules, such as agrin and laminins, or molecules that are needed to cluster ion channels in the postsynaptic membranes of muscles and/or neurones, such as rapsyn and gephyrin. (edu.au)
This will involve looking at mice we are making where we the gene for TGFbeta is knockout out in adult muscle and/or in the adult spinal cord (a tissue inducible knockout out of TGFbeta 2). (edu.au)
Mice contain at least four, and perhaps five, genes with the same TEA DNA binding domain (mTEAD genes). (embl-heidelberg.de)

In the presence of the NMD pathway inhibitor that successfully repressed the NMD pathway, the mRNA levels of cellulase genes were sharply down-regulated, but the rates of IR in these genes were significantly up-regulated. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, the NMD pathway inhibitor caused the downregulated mRNA levels of two important genes of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, trfkbp12 and trTOR1 . (researchsquare.com)
Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)

A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. (edu.sa)

two years later it was rediscovered as a retinoic acid-inducible gene, and named Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 (RAIG1). (wikipedia.org)
Two cells in the same position can have very different retinoic acid levels, and the levels in a particular cell can vary from one minute to the next. (elifesciences.org)

Many promoters in embryonic stem (ES) cells harbor a distinctive histone modification signature that combines the activating histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark an. (researchgate.net)

Combining cell biology and electrophysiology, his work has the potential to create personalized disease models for future research. (lu.se)

MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
With the exception of EDA1 and NEMO , both localized on the X chromosome, all other genes encoding components of the TNFα-related signaling pathway involved in differentiation of skin appendages, are localized on the autosomes (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
In an adult organism, the genes on the Y-chromosome help produce the male gamete, the sperm cell. (asu.edu)
Beginning in the 1980s, many studies of human populations used the Y-chromosome gene sequences to trace paternal lineages. (asu.edu)
This translocation involves the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene on chromosome 14 and the BCL1 locus on chromosome 11. (medscape.com)

Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in specialized niches, which hold a balanced number of NSCs, their progeny, and other cells. (stanford.edu)
This in turn diminished the embryonic origin of postnatal NSCs, resulting in loss of adult NSCs and defective V-SVZ regeneration. (stanford.edu)
Stem cells are unique due to their ability to limitlessly self-renew and differentiate into each cell type in the adult body. (biolegend.com)
A deafened adult cannot recover the ability to hear, because the sensory hearing cells of the inner ear don't regenerate after damage. (news-medical.net)
One way we did this was by converting adult fibroblasts, or skin cells, into interneurons. (lu.se)

However, many sites gain H3K27ac independent of MLL3/4 or H3K4me1 including enhancers regulating key factors in early differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition to regulating each other through feedback loops, these genes also regulate downstream target genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
And if so what are the down stream target genes involved. (edu.au)

We will further characterize molecular changes during directed cell differentiation and identify the cells that exhibit a pattern of DNA modification, namely DNA methylation, similar to primary neural cells in human brain. (ca.gov)
In the case of DNA hypermethylation, pharmacological treatment and genetic manipulation will be applied to correct the methylation defects by blocking enzymes involved in DNA methylation. (ca.gov)
We also test the pattern of DNA methylation in different lines of human stem cells. (ca.gov)
By engineering stem cells carrying different levels of methylation, we aim to find the optimal levels of DNA methylation for efficient nerve cell differentiation. (ca.gov)
Jarid2 methylation is shown to be important to promote PRC2 activity at a locus devoid of H3K27me3 and for the correct deposition of this mark during cell differentiation. (sdbonline.org)
Cytosine methylation of DNA involves a subset of genomic cytosines methylated at the C5 position in some species. (i-sis.org.uk)
Soon after fertilization, the vast majority of methylcytosine in sperm is converted by the Tet3 enzyme to hydroxymethylcytosine that gets lost by dilution during replication, effectively erasing cytosine methylation patterns except for a subset that is maintained, including those of some imprinted genes. (i-sis.org.uk)
We are now elucidating novel molecules that function upstream of NP95-DNMT1, and couple DNA replication with maintenance methylation in mammalian cells. (riken.jp)

However, given that bivalent domains can still be observed-albeit in lower proportion-in unipotent cells such as T cells and MEFs, an admixture of cell populations appears to be an unlikely explanation for the observed coexistence of these marks. (researchgate.net)
Although the main cell-cell communication systems that drive and coordinate differentiation in cell populations have been identified, how these systems interact in signaling networks is still not well understood. (biologists.com)
In mixed-cell populations, these measurements may obscure critical differences between individual cells that are important for knowing if the process is unfolding correctly. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
This allowed them to map out all the transient states within a population as they grew into retinal pigment cells, but also to optimize the protocol and suppress the growth of non-RPE cells, thus preventing the formation of contaminant cell populations. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)
We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
11 , 12 Light-dependent gene silencing can be achieved through whole-organism irradiation or the targeted illumination of specific cell populations. (cdc.gov)
We envisioned that enzyme-activatable cMOs could overcome these limitations, as the triggering enzymes could be expressed in individual cell populations using cis regulatory elements. (cdc.gov)

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte. (mcw.edu)

In the past year, we have made progress in guiding several lines of human stem cells into nerve cells. (ca.gov)
Genome-wide association studies have identified a firm link between the human FTO gene, obesity and type II diabetes. (cmbn.no)
Human embryonic stem cells derived from excess IVF embryos may help scientists unlock the mysteries of infertility for other couples struggling to conceive, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
When treated in this manner, about 2 percent of the differentiated human embryonic stem cells were haploid after 14 days of differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Of which, one forth (78 out of 300) hES lincRNAs were further identified to be biasedly expressed in human ES cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into retinal pigment epithelium for therapeutic use to treat acute macular degeneration. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
The cells of the RPE also nourish and maintain the eye's photoreceptor cells, which is why one of the most promising treatment strategies for age-related macular degeneration is to replace aging, degenerating RPE cells with new ones grown from human embryonic stem cells. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
La Manno has now led a study with Professor Fredrik Lanner at the Karolinska Institute (Sweden) profiling a protocol for differentiating human embryonic stem cells into RPE cells that is actually intended for clinical use. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
Finally, our group is responsible to operate the animal facility affiliated to Yokohama Institute that includes cryopreservation and generation of genetic resources and human iPS cell facility. (riken.jp)
Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Alpha fetoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (rbprotein.com)
In this project, involving engineers from LTH, we apply advanced microfluidic techniques to culture hESCs under the influence of chemical gradients to mimic the environment around the developing brain in the fetus, thereby generating neural tissue with anatomical characteristics resembling the developing human brain. (lu.se)
However, with a growing number of novel cell sources (stem cells and reprogrammed cells) it becomes important to develop new methodologies for a more thorough assessment of human neurons generated using these approaches. (lu.se)
We utilise monosynaptic tracing technology, using pseudotyped rabies vectors, in order to visualise the synaptic contacts formed between host neurons and graft human cells. (lu.se)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
This strategy provides a useful tool for visualization and identification of neural progeny derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
Although possible, these strategies are often complicated to transfer to human cells due to technical issues (9 ), and only a few successful cases have been described ( 10, 11 ). (lu.se)
Here we describe how this system can be used for human embry- onic stem cells. (lu.se)

A Family of Vertebrate-Specific Polycombs Encoded by the LCOR/LCORL Genes Balance PRC2 Subtype Activities. (riken.jp)
Purkinje cells, also called Purkinje neurons, are neurons in vertebrate animals located in the cerebellar cortex of the brain. (asu.edu)

Finally, cell transplantation in a mouse stroke model will be used to study the mechanisms and efficacy of different types of hESC-derived neural cells in neural repair. (ca.gov)

Toward this goal, we propose to compare the behavior of nerve cell differentiation in multiple lines of hESCs in one laboratory setting. (ca.gov)

[ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)

To date, RUNX2 has been involved in diverse physiological processes, including osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, chondrocyte hypertrophy, immunomodulation, vascular invasion and endothelial cell migration via modulating a variety of signaling cascades (e.g. (spandidos-publications.com)

It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

Though functionally well-characterised in vitro and utilizing the mammalian cell fashions, much less is thought in regards to the molecular mechanisms of its involvement within the signaling and metabolic pathways, which mediate its mobile features. (rbprotein.com)

16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)

They express several high molecular weight glycoprotein antigens that are down-regulated upon differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
However, the molecular mechanisms of how ES cells are differentiated remain much less understood. (utexas.edu)
The cell and molecular mechanisms that underlie developmental motoneuron cell death. (edu.au)

Summary of Research Progress: Our research aims to identify the optimal culture conditions and the best hESC lines for the derivation of nerve lineage cells in therapeutic cell transplantation. (ca.gov)
Transduction of Lhx2 into ESC-derived mesodermal cells resulted in robust differentiation of c-Kit+/Sca-1+/Lineage- (KSL) cells in vitro. (ebiotrade.com)

The receptors function as dimeric molecules in nuclei to regulate the transcription of target genes in a ligand-responsive manner. (embl.de)

Anatomy67

Organisms18

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Mouse embryonic5

Proliferation10

Epigenetic14

RNAs4

Cellular9

Neuronal8

Formation of the embryonic1

Proteins16

Pluripotent cells4

Development41

Regulation10

Transcriptional4

Tumor11

Embryonal carcinoma1

Stem cell21

Mesoderm3

Reprogramming and differentiation strategies2

Chromatin10

Expression33

Hematopoietic stem2

Germ cells10

Tissues6

Normal embryonic1

Pluripotency1

Fate5

Progenitor cells1

Regulates3

Protein14

Trajectories1

Embryo5

Transcription factor2

Mutations7

Mice12

MRNA3

Phenotypes1

Retinoic acid2

Histone1

Biology1

Chromosome5

Adult5

Early Differentiation1

Target genes involved2

Methylation8

Populations8

Sperm cell1

Human20

Vertebrate2

Neural cells1

HESCs1

Receptor1

Diverse physiological1

Survival1

Mammalian cell1

Zebrafish1

Molecular3

Lineage2

Regulate the transcription1