• The results of these analyses revealed that the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs participate in multiple biological processes, such as gene expression, synthesis of biomolecules, cell development, differentiation, and signal transduction, among others. (hindawi.com)
  • This study confirms that alterations in the expression of exosomal miRNAs can promote osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs, which also provides the foundation for further research on the regulatory functions of exosomal miRNAs in the context of ADSC osteogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22-nt non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transciptional level via direct binding with the 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) of target mRNAs ( 16 , 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in diverse cellular processes and negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding with 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) ( 2 - 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Background: As microRNAs play important roles in cancer development and progression by regulating the expressions of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes though interacting with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target genes, we aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variants of miRNAs and their binding sites and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). (iiarjournals.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs, are able to regulate gene expression by translational repression or mRNA degradation of the target, thereby affecting critical functions in various physiological processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis ( 8 , 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Moreover, some recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between the aberrant expression of miRNAs and CRC susceptibility, prognosis, and responsiveness to treatment ( 10 - 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • In recent years, emerging studies have highlighted the critical role of these pathways and their regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer invasion and metastasis. (intechopen.com)
  • MiRNAs, short (18-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs, are derived from long transcripts pri-miRNAs and pre-miRNAs [ 26 - 30 ].By targeting 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of cognate mRNAs, miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and induce translational repression [ 29 , 30 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • To date, 1527 human miRNAs have been identified (Sanger miRBase 18 http://www.miRbase.org/index.shtml), forming less than 1% of all human genes, potentially regulating more than 10% of all protein coding genes [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Utilizing microRNAs (miRNAs) as a potential biomarker to differentiate BRCA will allow for specialized treatment regimens and increased clinical care. (biogenex.com)
  • miRNAs are small, evolutionarily conserved, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression and have fundamental roles in cancer growth and metastasis. (biogenex.com)
  • miRNAs exert their function via base pairing with complementary mRNA molecules, resulting in gene silencing via transcriptional repression or target degradation. (biogenex.com)
  • Using BioGenex ISH miRNA probes, the expression pattern of distinct miRNAs were successfully differentiated in wild type and BRCA mutated breast carcinomas. (biogenex.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21-24 nucleotides) sequences of RNA that reduce gene expression by promoting the breakdown of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and by repressing translation of mRNAs into proteins. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • We show that, similar to metazoan steady-state systems, endogenous miRNAs in Chlamydomonas can regulate gene expression both by destabilization of the mRNA and by translational repression. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
  • miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (cancerindex.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (~22 nucleotides in length) that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by imperfect binding to the 3′ untranslated region of target mRNAs in a wide variety of cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recent publication by Wagh and colleagues sought to identify the novel miRNAs regulating cardiac-specific transcription factors that determine left versus right ventricular determination [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (about 21 nucleotides long) strands of non-coding RNA that regulate the expression of multiple genes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Approximately 30-60 % of the human genome, regulated by miRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • As a consequence, any modulations of the target transcript expression, miRNAs can affect various signalling pathways and cellular process such as apoptosis, proliferation or differentiation. (ukessays.com)
  • Besides cancer, some miRNAs genes cause or contribute in many inherited and genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • As miRNAs proposed to control the expression up to one third of all genes and possibly utilised as diagnostic and prognostic marker for many genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • that asthma is intensively regulated by a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs). (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding the roles of Asthma is a worldwide problem, the prevalence of miRNAs in asthma pathogenesis may also aid to asthma ranged from 1% to 18% of the population in explore new therapeutic targets. (cdc.gov)
  • MiRNAs are approximately 19- to 25-nucleotide estimated about 250,000 and mortality does not appear single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that exist in both to correlate well with prevalence. (cdc.gov)
  • Th)1 cells.5 Meanwhile, the function and immunity of with genetic predisposition, involving multiple cells, DCs are closely regulated by miRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are encoded by genes and are themselves templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Arabidopsis ago1 mutants lacking the AGO1 protein have numerous severe developmental defects, supporting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One of these targets is the transcription factor AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17), which is thought to repress the expression of a number of other genes involved in auxin responses. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although they are structurally similar, plant and animal microRNAs repress gene expression through very different mechanisms. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • One of the microRNA strands of the duplex is loaded onto the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) where it is then able to either cleave RNA targets or repress protein translation dependent upon its complementarity to the target mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • COOLAIR acts as a scaffold for the recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes that repress FLC expression, thereby delaying flowering until the appropriate environmental cues are present. (mdpi.com)
  • Research reported in The Plant Cell shows that microRNAs control the accumulation of transcription factor proteins that regulate the expression of genes in the auxin response pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
  • There are many AGO1-like proteins in animals and other eukaryotes as well, indicating that the RNA-induced silencing complex is of ancient evolutionary origin, and that microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By transporting "cargos" such as proteins, RNAs, DNAs, and lipids [ 26 ], exosomes regulate the eventual fate of recipient cells. (hindawi.com)
  • These RNA molecules are transcribed from the genome but do not encode proteins, and they have diverse roles in plant growth, development, stress responses, and other biological processes. (mdpi.com)
  • In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease. (mdpi.com)
  • They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For CRC, polymorphisms in the genes involved in tumor progression, apoptosis, and angiogenesis have already been extensively studied for their association with cancer susceptibility and prognosis ( 1 - 7 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • These small RNAs have been shown to contribute to the control of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, important features related to cancer development and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They have the capacity to control the expression of many downstream genes which can affect several cell regulatory pathways, such as cell growth, differentiation, mobility and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TRIM13 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • MiR-155 also upregulates Mxd1/Mad1, a network of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors which mediate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, through regulating BCL6. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important i. (researchgate.net)
  • While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in cardiac development and disease, their role in physiol. (researchgate.net)
  • Long noncoding-RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of cardiac development as well as pathological hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). (researchgate.net)
  • Here, we used RNAseq to identify a novel class of cardiac lncRNAs that are dynamically regulated by exercise. (researchgate.net)
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important regulators of gene expression in plants. (mdpi.com)
  • The study of lncRNAs in plants is a relatively new area of research, but it has already revealed several important insights into their roles in gene regulation. (mdpi.com)
  • MicroRNAs are tiny ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that recently have been found to play important roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this study, we found a negative correlation of IRS-1 expression with tumor metastasis both in human tissue samples and in cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, recently Houghton et al ( 7 ) showed increased cell proliferation after silencing of IRS1 gene expression in A549 cells suggesting tumor suppression potential. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in tumor metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the current study, low miR‑205 expression was revealed in PC tumor tissues and indicated poor prognosis in patients with PC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • miR-205 expression in humans was validated by Landgraf et al ( 8 ), however, its role in tumor progression is contradictory ( 9 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The current study demonstrated that miR-205 was a tumor suppressor in PC and a regulator of RUNX2 expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This miRNA functions as a tumor suppressor and dysregulation or loss of the host gene from which this miRNA is processed is associated with cancer progression in numerous cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • Numbers shown below represent number of publications held in OncomiRDB database for Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive MicroRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
  • mRNAs corresponding to several regulatory genes that mediate auxin responses contain short stretches of sequence that are complementary to microRNAs, and therefore have been considered potential targets of microRNA-mediated regulation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The plants showed increased accumulation of ARF17 mRNA and altered levels of mRNAs corresponding to several genes that may be regulated by ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (cancerindex.org)
  • Although more and animals and plants and regulate gene/protein expression more progressions have been made about the through direct complementarity between their 5' region pathogenesis of asthma in recent years, the increasing and the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of AD. (nature.com)
  • Our study identified 9 key genes associated with oxidative stress and immune reaction in AD pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Also, since BCL6 interacts with several co-repressor complexes to inhibit transcription, and its gene is frequently trans-located and hyper-mutated in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), miR-155 acts to enhance transcription and contribute to the pathogenesis of DLBCL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The malaria parasite exerted a potent selective signature on the human genome, which is apparent in the genetic polymorphism landscape of genes related to pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of asthma, the goal of this study is to summarize recent researches on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is highly increased with mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2). (biogenex.com)
  • Most of these paracrine secretions include soluble factors and exosomes, which regulate the repair and regeneration processes at sites of damage by affecting cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is an adaptor protein that integrates multiple transmembrane signals from growth factors and hormones, to regulate cell growth, survival, differentiation and metabolism ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNAs regulate target gene expression post-transcriptionally in a myriad of cell types and play critical roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cardiomyocyte development, differentiation, and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To this end, the authors performed miRNA expression profiling in undifferentiated hESCs and CMs at day 8 and day 14 after differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs not only participate in determining DCs phenotype and then naive T lymphocyte differentiation, but also participate in the regulation of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Research conducted by three independent groups and reported in The Plant Cell shows that fundamental developmental processes controlled by the plant hormone auxin are regulated by microRNAs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Auxin influences development by affecting the expression of numerous genes that control the processes of cell division and cell expansion in specific plant tissues at specific stages during the plant life cycle - e.g. for leaves, roots, and floral organs to develop in the correct patterns and correct time sequence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Enrichment analysis was performed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. (nature.com)
  • Circulating extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs) are an emerging class of biomarkers with target-organ epigenetic effects. (researchgate.net)
  • Investigation of hub genes for the development of potential therapeutic targets and candidate biomarkers is warranted. (nature.com)
  • In fact, recent studies have shown the utility of microRNAs as cancer-related biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)
  • Previous studies mainly focused on its roles in metabolism, but recently it was reported to be correlated with cancer progression and metastasis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) serve important roles in the progression of human cancer types, including pancreatic cancer (PC), a highly lethal malignancy. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Zhang et al ( 9 ) revealed that expression of miR-205 was significantly decreased in radioresistant subpopulations of breast cancer cells and loss of miR-205 expression was associated with poor distant relapse-free survival in patients with breast cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By contrast, miR-205 expression has been identified to be significantly increased in several human cancer types, including ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, in which it was identified to function as an oncoprotein ( 10 , 11 , 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Results: Among seven target variants, rs1044129 at the miR-367 binding site of calcium channel ryanodine receptor gene 3 (RYR3) was associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) for colon cancer patients as a recessive model in a univariate analysis. (iiarjournals.org)
  • As compared with wild type breast cancer, expression of miR-17 and miR-21 was downregulated in BRCA mutated breast cancer, suggesting that the miRNA expression pattern may serve as a potential biomarker in predicting BRCA mutation status in invasive breast cancer. (biogenex.com)
  • In addition, microRNAs have been associated with cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, the mechanisms to alter microRNA expression and their relation to cancer will be addressed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since their discovery in nematodes, microRNAs have been shown to play a role in cancer (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The microRNA miR-155 is prominent in cancer biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among microRNAs that have been linked to cancer, it is the most commonly overexpressed in malignancies (PNAS 109:20047-20052, 2012). (biomedcentral.com)
  • These 12 genes are located at a region, which is frequently deleted in cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Exosomes are found in abundance in endosome-derived components, which are considered to play important roles in intercellular communication due to their ability to transfer "cargos" [ 24 , 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Parasite and human genetic factors play important roles in malaria susceptibility and disease severity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results of the present study indicate that microRNAs play important roles in regulating asthma immune responses. (cdc.gov)
  • The mRNA levels in a cell are fine tuned by different mechanisms, one of which is driven by microRNA molecules. (sciencedaily.com)
  • MicroRNAs are ~22 nucleotide long RNA molecules that provide substrate specificity to a protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Within the complex, microRNAs are thought to bind to mRNA molecules containing a complementary stretch of RNA sequence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A number of studies have demonstrated that altered expression of miRs serves critical roles in human cancers by directly regulating cell behaviors ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This is due to the finding that microRNAs display altered expression profiles in cancers versus normal tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The subsequent huge changes in morphology were more often due to changes in when and where those genes were expressed than to changes in the coding sequences of the genes themselves. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • Through their binding to target mRNA sequences, microRNAs have a large number of biologically diverse functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs control the levels of numerous cell cycle regulators that controls cell proliferation. (ukessays.com)
  • EMT is an embryologically conserved genetic program by which epithelial cells down regulate intercellular tight junctions, loose polarity, express mesenchymal markers, and manifest a migratory phenotype [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • We found that TRIM13 mRNA and protein expression was reduced in NSCLC tissues and cell lines in comparison to paired non-cancerous tissues and a human normal bronchial epithelial cell line, respectively. (cancerindex.org)
  • Although various microRNAs have been detected from tissue sources, these methods require invasive techniques to collect the starting material. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, to the best of our knowledge, the association between miR‑205 expression and the progression of PC has rarely been investigated. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Using bioinformatics, a luciferase reporter assay and western blot analyses, the current study identified that runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was a target of miR‑205 in PC and overexpression of miR‑205 suppressed the expression of RUNX2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By employing microRNA expression profiling and functional knockdown studies on human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the authors identified miR-363 as an upstream negative regulator of left ventricular specification transcription factor HAND1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, Kayed et al ( 15 ) demonstrated that RUNX2 was overexpressed in PC and could be regulated by certain cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Zhang et al cytokines, mediators and signals and closely related to demonstrated that microRNA let-7i was upregulated immune regulation. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, microRNAs are also shown to be targets for asthma therapy in the future. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we provide a comprehensive global analysis of the evolutionarily distant unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to quantify the effects of miRNA on protein synthesis and RNA abundance. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • The expression patterns, function and regulation of microRNAs in normal and neoplastic human cells are largely unknown but emerging data and their frequent location at fragile sites, common break-points or regions of amplification or loss of heterozygosity reveal that they may play significant roles in human carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, loss of E-cadherin expression is not only the initial and essential step of EMT, but also a potential promoter of EMT. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The BIC gene is activated by promoter insertion at a retroviral integration site on chromosome 21q21 in B cell lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Bellini and her colleagues found that the mutant plants over-accumulate ARF17 mRNA within the hypocotyl, pointing to ARF17 as a major regulator of adventitious rooting and microRNA-mediated regulation as a major regulator of ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The high-density fluorophore-labeled SSNA probes combined with the BioGenex Super Sensitive ™ Detection System aid in studying the lowly expressed miRNA populations and miRNA expression profiles to assess the physiological function of miRNA. (biogenex.com)
  • The miRNA expression profile was evaluated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) invasive ductal carcinoma cases containing BRCA mutated and wild type breast carcinomas (1). (biogenex.com)
  • However, their roles in exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy are unclear. (researchgate.net)
  • Extracellular small non-coding RNAs (exRNAs) have been associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and we hypothesized that they are associated with post-MI LVRm phenotypes. (researchgate.net)
  • MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that function to control gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs are a group of small noncoding functional RNAs that are approximately 22 nucleotides in length [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study explored the expression and potential role of TRIM13 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). (cancerindex.org)
  • The plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), commonly referred to as auxin, plays a major role in regulating plant growth and development. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These changes were correlated with dramatic development defects in leaves, roots, and flowers, showing that microRNA-mediated regulation of ARF17 is essential for normal plant development. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We have only known that microRNAs even existed since the early 1990's, and their importance in gene regulation and development wasn't appreciated until the 2000's. (freethoughtblogs.com)