• Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • MAGEH1 reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. (nih.gov)
  • New antitumor strategies using drugs targeted to intracellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis have become promising in recent years. (researchgate.net)
  • We also showed that dose-dependent induction of proliferation was connected with changes in the expression of MKI67, CCND1 and CCNE1 genes in well- and poorly differentiated cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our study revealed that Ang II influences EC cells in terms of cancer-related processes, and is responsible for increased proliferation, reduction in apoptosis, increased mobility and modulation of adhesion potential. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, various biologically active peptides such as angiotensin, affecting cell proliferation, have become a new area of study in endometrial cancer research. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Recently, a number of studies have shown that Ang II plays an important role in proliferation, invasiveness and migration of tumour cells, alteration of expression of cancer-related genes, as well as in physiological tissue remodelling. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Wild-type TP53 can inhibit the cell cycle and activate apoptosis-related genes that induce apoptosis and regulate cell proliferation ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Expression of the SIL gene is correlated with growth induction and cellular proliferation. (proteopedia.org)
  • In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
  • MicroRNAs control the levels of numerous cell cycle regulators that controls cell proliferation. (ukessays.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a multifunctional cytokine and plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tissues [ 12 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • Temsirolimus binds to an intracellular protein, and the resulting protein-drug complex inhibits the activity of an intracellular target called mTOR kinase, a cellular enzyme that regulates cell proliferation, cell growth and cell survival. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Genes clustering in the categories fatty acid beta oxidation, cell adhesion, DNA replication and polyamine biosynthesis were up-regulated indicating increased lipolysis, cell attachment, proliferation and growth. (wada-ama.org)
  • We also demonstrated that overexpression of MT1M inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in GC cells and in tumor xenografts, and it improved chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, we studied the effect of WSC on the proliferation and cell cycle of alveolar type II cells and vascular endothelial cells. (who.int)
  • Functional loss of p16 may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The encoded protein is likely associated with apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition or cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Apoptosis-related protein-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest via downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase subunits. (nih.gov)
  • Heterozygous mutation of Trp53 decreases p53 and results in attenuated apoptosis and G1-S checkpoint control, allowing Brca1Delta11/Delta11 cells to proliferate. (nih.gov)
  • If a cell has an error in its DNA that cannot be repaired, it may undergo self-destruction ( apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apoptosis is a common process throughout life that helps the body get rid of cells that no longer work or that it doesn't need. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apoptosis protects the body by removing genetically damaged cells that could lead to cancer, and it plays an important role in the development of the embryo and the maintenance of adult tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The TP53 gene plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA damage repair ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Low levels of pyruvate induced by a positive feedback loop protects cholangiocarcinoma cells from apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. (degruyter.com)
  • Moreover, TGFBR2 was a direct target of miR-128-3p, and its overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-128-3p overexpression on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-induced HK2 cells. (degruyter.com)
  • miR-128-3p could inhibit apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TGFBR2 in LPS-induced HK2 cells, which might provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis. (degruyter.com)
  • Every cell in the human body goes through a natural process that includes apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (mentalhelp.net)
  • Apoptosis eliminates old, damaged, and unnecessary cells. (mentalhelp.net)
  • (5) If apoptosis doesn't occur as scheduled, the cells may start growing out of control. (mentalhelp.net)
  • p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • In general, genes involved in stress response, cell cycle control, drug metabolism, apoptosis and growth were differentially expressed in response to Cr(VI) exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • A recent paper from this study concerning apoptosis and cell cycle control genes identified caspase 8 as a possible susceptibility gene. (cdc.gov)
  • The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)
  • There are three major categories of agents that act as transcriptional gene modulators: triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), synthetic polyamides (SPAs), and DNA binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism, which is based on the synthesis and degradation of three ''master regulator'' proteins (CtrA, GcrA, and DnaA), is converted into a quantitative model, in order to study the temporal dynamics of these and other cell cycle proteins. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Since many of the proteins involved in regulating the cell cycle of C. crescentus are conserved among many genera of a-proteobacteria, the proposed mechanism may be applicable to other species of importance in agriculture and medicine. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • In the online version, these sections contain links to more information about proteins encoded by over 17,000 known or predicted human genes. (cshlpress.com)
  • 3. Describe regulation of proteins, chromatin structure and gene expression. (setur.fo)
  • The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) genes encode sarcolemma-localized cAMP effector proteins. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Lymph accumulates in the tiny spaces between tissue cells and contains proteins, fats, and certain white blood cells known as lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
  • T he presence and activity of various proteins are required in the cell cycle progression. (ukessays.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is one of a family of related proteins that transports glucose into cells by facilitated diffusion. (pearson.com)
  • This region of the chromosome has a cluster of genes that encode the hard proteins, which are involved in the formation of hair and nails. (pearson.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes aid in the development of the proteins involved in regulating cell division. (mentalhelp.net)
  • To tackle this issue, the development of network-based methods has become an effective tool in analyzing complex relationships among great number of entities such as genes and proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early steps in this transition are complex, with at least 2 signaling pathways identified: 1 stops yeast growth and another, with a heat shock protein 70-type profile, initiates the assembly of proteins necessary for mycelial growth. (cdc.gov)
  • Animal cell technology is an area of rapid expansion and one that produces a wide range of high-value products, including vaccines, recombinant proteins, drugs for cardiovascular, respiratory and immune diseases, and monoclonal antibodies. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
  • Mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene increase with tumor progression in colorectal cancers. (nih.gov)
  • In particular they have been used as inducers of site-specific mutations, reagents that selectively and specifically cleave target DNA, and as modulators of gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 8% of cases are hereditary, and approximately half of these are associated with germline mutations of the breast tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 (refs. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations in TP53 can lead to the loss of these functions, inducing uncontrolled cell growth and the promotion of tumor development ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. (proteopedia.org)
  • (6) Therefore, the main cause of cancer is genetic mutations that interfere with the normal cell cycle. (mentalhelp.net)
  • Mutations in these genes may cause chromosomal changes that lead to cancer. (mentalhelp.net)
  • Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, we examined alterations in the expression of genes related to cancer cell behaviour after Ang II treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The role of intracellular glutathione on the Cr(VI)-induced alterations in the expression of genes was further investigated using heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) as the model gene. (cdc.gov)
  • and the cellular glutathione level appears to be an important factor influencing Cr(VI)'s effects on the expression of genes. (cdc.gov)
  • We also assessed the effect of WSC on the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and inflammation. (who.int)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, this complex regulatory network requires precise control of gene expression patterns at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in order to ensure proper maturation, differentiation, and formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. (nature.com)
  • Its effect and effectiveness appear to be highly connected with the differentiation status of the cancerous cells, as Ang II appears to play a crucial role in the early and late stages of malignant transformation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to the cells and has various other functions including cell adhesion, cell to cell communication, and differentiation [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Let-7 Let-7 has an essential role in cell cycle and the differentiation of cell cycle terminals. (ukessays.com)
  • Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cancer stem cells are a selective clonal subset of tumour cells that have avoided various cell regulatory mechanisms, including terminal differentiation, and yet have retained the self-renewal properties and proliferative potential of adult stem cells. (who.int)
  • GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Disease Annotations consist of three mandatory components: a gene product, a term from the Disease Ontology (DO) controlled vocabulary and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis was used to highlight the most relevant GO terms associated with a given gene list following toxin exposure. (plos.org)
  • And third, to accurately characterize the statistics of single-cell responses, powerful image-analysis tools are needed to automatically extract large numbers of quantitative phenotypes from the time-lapse measurements. (nature.com)
  • Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
  • It reproduces protein time courses in wild-type cells, mimics correctly the phenotypes of many mutant strains, and predicts the phenotypes of currently uncharacterized mutants. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)
  • explains the growth of cancerous tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The TP53 gene mutation is the most common gene alteration in many tumors, including esophageal cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As the cells continue dividing, they may form cancerous tumors, which have the potential to invade other organs. (mentalhelp.net)
  • Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body, forming new tumors. (mentalhelp.net)
  • The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • HUTCHMED plans to develop and seek approval for TAZVERIK ® in various hematological and solid tumors, including ES, FL and diffuse large b-cell lymphoma ("DLBCL") in its Territory. (businesswire.com)
  • No single epidemiological study of brain tumors has adequate statistical power to evaluate most gene-environment or gene-gene interactions. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
  • Bioinformatics algorithms from TargetScanHuman were used to predict the target genes of miR-363-3p. (medscimonit.com)
  • The worst prognosis is in Group 3 patients, who often have high MYC expression, a transcription factor that triggers or blocks any array of target genes. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Tight regulation of this process ensures that a dividing cell's DNA is copied properly, any errors in the DNA are repaired, and each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Staining them with a special dye made the cells' chromosomes more visible. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • Nowell collaborated with the late David Hungerford who, he says, "knew more about chromosomes than I did," and together they made the startling observation that individuals suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) had an abnormally small chromosome in the tumor cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • I came to realize that there were many questions about chromosome changes in patients that would be rewarding to study," noted Rowley, and for the next decade she labored over the microscope looking at chromosomes in leukemic cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • The Human Genome Project: Genes on Human Chromosome 17 The location of genes is designated by an established labeling system for chromosomes. (pearson.com)
  • Intercellular and intracellular communication: Hormones, growth factors, signal transduction. (setur.fo)
  • The population balance framework is used to capture cell cycle effects while a single-cell model takes account of some features of intracellular metabolism. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Modulating the intracellular glutathione level by pre-treating the cells with either BSO (buthionine- Sulfoximine) or glutathione significantly influenced the potential of Cr(VI) to induce expression of the HO-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
  • This complex inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, a key protein in cells that regulate the gene translation responsible for cell-cycle regulation. (medscape.com)
  • In vitro studies show that inhibiting mTOR interferes with the translation of genes that regulate the cell cycle. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Development of an organism from the embryonic stage involves a number of precisely timed events that arise as a result of interactions between several components including (i) morphogens which set up concentration gradients, (ii) cell-cycle oscillators which regulate mitosis and (iii) inter-cellular communication. (imsc.res.in)
  • Mechanisms that regulate development from single cell to multicellular organisms. (lu.se)
  • Nowell, a tumor biologist in the pathology department at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, was interested in the relationship between cancer and alterations in genes (although he had no proof there was one). (laskerfoundation.org)
  • This study explores the use of a simple human neurosphere-based in vitro model to characterise the pharmacological and toxicological effects of LiCl and VPA using gene expression changes linked to phenotypic alterations in cells. (plos.org)
  • Patients with alterations in this gene can experience a progressive visual loss with onset of night blindness between 4 and 10 years of age. (pearson.com)
  • Moreover, to cope with stressful conditions, plants undergo growth and developmental arrest and prioritize defense responses, resulting in physiological and developmental alterations ( Lozano-Durán and Zipfel, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These results suggest that genetic variations in TNF, TGFB1, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes contribute to DA susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene has two RRM domains that bind to RNAs. (nih.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene appears to act as the gatekeeper for the cell-cycle control system that regulates cell growth and division. (pearson.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. (cancerindex.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular pathological method with high sensitivity and specificity, which uses specific DNA probes to detect chromosomal aberrations, as well as gene deletion and amplification ( 21 , 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A chromosomal aberration involving STIL may be a cause of some T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL). (proteopedia.org)
  • Tumor protein 53 ( TP53 ) is a recognized tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 17q13.1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • At a time when the idea that cancer had a genetic basis was widely disbelieved, Nowell's results provided the first clear evidence that a particular genetic defect in a single chromosome can lead to a population or clone of identical cells that accumulate in numbers to form a deadly malignancy. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • The tiny Philadelphia chromosome became a clear and consistent marker of CML, a cancer of the myeloid or bone marrow cells, with broad implications for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • Rowley had identified the first "translocation" in cancer, providing clear evidence that the cause of CML could be related to the fact that by moving from one chromosome to another, the aberrant segment of chromosome 22 was no longer sitting next to genes that controlled its behavior. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • To indicate the location of a gene on a particular chromosome, the chromosome number is followed by p or q and then a number that represents the band and sub-band. (pearson.com)
  • 388 genes have been identified on human chromosome 17. (pearson.com)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • Progression of a cell through the division cycle is tightly controlled at different steps to ensure the integrity of genome replication and partitioning to daughter cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. (cancerindex.org)
  • This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
  • Immunohistochemical identification of molecular genetic events in the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell squamous-cell carcinoma enables early detection of lesions with the potential for malignant progression, thus permitting timely intervention 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Much is still not understood about how gene regulatory interactions control cell fate decisions in single cells, in part due to the difficulty of directly observing gene regulatory processes in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Gene regulation is one of the key processes that underlie the complex behavior of biological systems, allowing cells to adapt to varying environments, and allowing multi-cellular organisms to express a large number of phenotypically distinct cell types from a single genotype. (nature.com)
  • Presenting the genes of the human genome in their biological context, Guide to the Human Genome is an extensive online resource (also available in print) that provides easy access to information about human genes and their roles in specific processes. (cshlpress.com)
  • With numerous illustrations and tables, each of the nearly 300 sections of the Guide describes genes involved in a specific pathway, process, or structure from the molecular and cellular levels to developmental and physiological processes. (cshlpress.com)
  • The Guide will be useful to researchers looking to connect sequence data with functional information, and can be used in parallel with traditional texts in undergraduate and graduate courses to provide a genomics dimension and experience of identifying genes underpinning processes of interest. (cshlpress.com)
  • Laboratory demonstrations of cell culture, and laboratory exercises elucidating some cellular processes and some methods in cell biology, including use of light microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy. (setur.fo)
  • Models of animal cell culture systems have a wide range of potential applications, such as analysis and prediction of experimental results, optimisation of culture conditions for prolonged viability, and perhaps most importantly, the investigation of fundamental metabolic processes and their subsequent elucidation. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The integration of these three research tools represents a unique, novel, and interdisciplinary approach to addressing the complicated research and industrial problem of model-based control and optimisation of mammalian cell culture processes. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • While the role of morphogens has received enormous attention in developmental contexts, it is now becoming clear that juxtacrine signaling, which occurs between cells in physical proximity, can also play a key role in shaping the outcomes of such processes. (imsc.res.in)
  • To provide the students with knowledge of cell structure and function, organelles, growth and cell cycle, and cellular and molecular interactions. (setur.fo)
  • 9. Examine and explain structure, functions and components of cellular membranes, including transport of molecules and ions across membranes and the importance of such transport in cell homeostasis and neuronal signaling. (setur.fo)
  • 10. Describe and categorize cellular signaling pathways, including the transfer of a stimulus across a cell membrane, and how the stimulus is propagated to its effector, it be an enzyme or one or several genes. (setur.fo)
  • 12. Describe two major types of tissues (connective and epithelial tissues), the concept of cellular communities and their organization (like communication between cells and the adhesion between cells), and show how stem cells maintain and renew tissues. (setur.fo)
  • 13. Contrast cancer cells and normal cells, and show how cancer behaves and disobeys the 'rules' of the normal cellular community. (setur.fo)
  • Cellular senescence, which is morphologically characterized by an enlarged and flattened cell shape, was first described by Hayflick [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cellular senescence refers to active cells that eventually enter a state of irreversible growth arrest. (hindawi.com)
  • Multiple genes negatively impact overall cellular fitness and are targets for effective treatment. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • This is followed by showing that the same inter-cellular communication mechanism can change the collective behavior of oscillatory gene expression (involving so-called ``clock genes'') thereby reproducing all the empirically observed dynamical transitions in somitogenesis, a fundamental developmental process in all vertebrates. (imsc.res.in)
  • In this manuscript, we report the in vitro mutagenicity of waterpipe smoke condensate (WSC), the alteration in cellular parameters of lung alveolar cells in response to WSC exposure and discuss the implication of cellular responses in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (who.int)
  • However, WSC induced cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence mediated by the p53-p21 pathway. (who.int)
  • CONCLUSION: The data reported here represent the first in vitro demonstration of the effect of waterpipe smoke on cellular parameters providing evidence of the potential involvement of WPS in the pathogenesis of COPD through impairing cellular growth and inducing inflammation. (who.int)
  • It was also shown that inhibition of the p16 tumour suppressor gene delays growth arrest and therefore senescence of MSC [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
  • TAZVERIK ® 's potential for broad applicability and favorable safety profile may provide further inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis when used in combination therapy. (businesswire.com)
  • [ 1 ] Early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is treated relatively well with single-modality therapy (either surgery or radiation alone). (medscape.com)
  • Go to Imaging of Nasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene deletion and protein expression and clinical features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to evaluate the predictive value of these two characteristics in the prognosis of ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Approximately one-half of new cases each year are recorded in China, and the majority is squamous cell carcinoma ( 3 - 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Methods: fifteen histological specimens of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip were obtained from the Department of Oral Pathology, Bahia Federal University. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other markers, such as retinoblastoma and p53, may be related with early steps of carcinogenesis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • The gene BLMH is located at 17q11.2, and the gene encodes an enzyme. (pearson.com)
  • The only known function of the enzyme encoded in this gene is the inactivation of a protein (BLM) that's toxic to the lungs. (pearson.com)
  • This gene, DCP1, located at 17q23, codes for an enzyme that plays an important role in blood pressure regulation. (pearson.com)
  • This gene, MPO, located at 17q23.1, encodes an enzyme that is found in white blood cells and increases the ability of these cells to kill microorganisms. (pearson.com)
  • Occupational exposure to lead might cause meningioma, and a polymorphism in a gene for an enzyme that influences blood levels of lead [delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, (ALAD)] was positively associated with the risk of meningioma. (cdc.gov)
  • In response to DNA-damaging agents, the wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1 also known as p21) is an important downstream effector in the p53-specific growth arrest pathway. (lu.se)
  • The gene RP13 is located at 17p13.3, and is one of several genes that affect eye development. (pearson.com)
  • After confirming SSH-genes to be differentially expressed in a series of microarray experiments, oligonucleotide probes will be designed for both SSH-genes and the candidate genes identified along gene expression profiling using whole genome/leukocyte relevant arrays. (wada-ama.org)
  • Finally, it is shown that coupling cell-cycle oscillators in a tissue via contact-induced signals can lead to arrest of further growth of an organ once it reaches an appropriate size. (imsc.res.in)
  • Methylation profile of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. (wjgnet.com)
  • To establish the DNA methylation patterns of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (wjgnet.com)
  • Although the biological significance of TP53 gene mutation is well characterized, its clinical significance in esophageal cancer remains controversial, especially as a prognostic biomarker. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, the overexpression of p53 does not always indicate a mutation in the TP53 gene. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Similarly, TP53 mutation does not always lead to the accumulation of p53 protein in cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This characteristic of the TP53 gene limits the use of IHC in TP53 gene research, which may be the cause of the conflicting results in the study of TP53 in esophageal cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The gene TP53 is located at 17p13.1. (pearson.com)
  • 5. Give a basic overview of methods used in analyzing genes and genomes. (setur.fo)
  • 8. Examine and discuss evolution of genes and genomes at basic levels. (setur.fo)
  • protein sorting and protein maturation by passage through the cytoplasmic organelles of the cell. (lu.se)
  • Vitamin D is a hormone regulating not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also, at the same time, exerting many other extraskeletal functions via genomic effects (gene transcription) and probably by non-genomic effects as well. (karger.com)
  • However, it has much broader effects mediated by genomic (vitamin D directly or indirectly influences expression of up to 2,000 genes) as well as non-genomic mechanisms [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
  • Additionally, virally-introduced genes can be targeted for gene silencing by methylation which can counteract the effect of traditional gene therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The methylation specific polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with sequencing verification was used to establish the methylation patterns of the 14 genes in the liver tissues of four healthy liver donors, as well as tumor and the paired non-cancerous tissues of 30 HCC patients. (wjgnet.com)
  • Many tumor microenvironments, including lymphoma and carcinoma, are enriched in immune suppressive cells that contribute to immune exhaustion by means expression of inhibitory ligands, suppressive cytokines, and tumor-promoting factors. (researchgate.net)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
  • MCL is a B-cell lymphoma that develops from malignant B-lymphocytes within a region of the lymph node known as the mantle zone. (rarediseases.org)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma belongs to a group of diseases known as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, which are related malignancies (cancers) that affect the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
  • Serum Levels of the Chemokine CXCL13, Genetic Variation in CXCL13 and Its Receptor CXCR5, and HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma Risk. (medscape.com)
  • Burkitt Lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma is a very fast-growing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer of white blood cells that originates from B cells (B lymphocytes). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Disruption of normal regulation of the cell cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Besides cancer, some miRNAs genes cause or contribute in many inherited and genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • As miRNAs proposed to control the expression up to one third of all genes and possibly utilised as diagnostic and prognostic marker for many genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • This happens when a person has a mutation in at least one of the genes responsible for controlling cell growth and division. (mentalhelp.net)
  • (7) It's possible for a mutation to render one of these genes inactive, allowing cells to grow out of control. (mentalhelp.net)
  • In contrast, traditional gene therapy typically introduces a gene which can express only one transcript, rather than a set of stoichiometrically-expressed spliced transcript variants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck , these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. (medscape.com)
  • give basic review over the regulatory mechanisms of the cycle, and mechanisms for controlled cell death. (setur.fo)
  • In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the dermal toxicity of chromium , differential gene expression profiles of human skin fibroblasts exposed to a cytotoxic concentration of hexavalent potassium dichromate [Cr(VI)] were studied. (cdc.gov)
  • Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)
  • To identify the most predictive genes we used a variable selection strategy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • In-depth models can be utilised as tools in predictive cell biology. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • It is clear that the biological behaviour of cells is of such complexity that any model, to be robustly predictive, must be sufficiently structured and detailed in terms of the captured biology. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The model accounts for important details of the physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of cell cycle control in stalked C. crescentus cell. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • When the cell cycle proceeds without control, cells can divide without order and accumulate genetic errors that can lead to a cancerous tumor . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The goal of gene therapy is to introduce new genetic material into cancer cells that selectively kills them without causing toxicity to the surrounding cells. (medscape.com)
  • Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Genetic engineering has been used to clone this growth hormone gene, which has enabled the production of growth hormone used in the treatment of pituitary dwarfism. (pearson.com)
  • Gene technology: basic and applied molecular genetic methods. (lu.se)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
  • PageMan analysis revealed several significantly enriched categories altered by MeJA+NaCl treatment, compared with NaCl treatment alone, including genes involved in secondary metabolism, glutathione-based redox regulation, cell cycle, transcription factors (TFs), and other signal transductions (such as calcium and ROS). (frontiersin.org)
  • Yeast-form-specific genes identified in Histoplasma capsulatum function in calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways and sulphur metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • Two fundamentals aspects of cell behaviour any model must include are metabolism and the cell cycle. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • DCEG investigators have evaluated the glutathione-S-transferase and cytochrome P-450 families of genes, both of which encode enzymes involved in the metabolism of solvents and other substrates. (cdc.gov)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • It differs from gene therapy in that gene modulation seeks to alter the expression of an endogenous gene (perhaps through the introduction of a gene encoding a novel modulatory protein) whereas gene therapy concerns the introduction of a gene whose product aids the recipient directly. (wikipedia.org)
  • An approach to therapeutic modulation utilizes agents that modulate endogenous transcription by specifically targeting those genes at the gDNA level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another limitation is that TFOs can only bind to purine-rich target strands and this would limit the choice of endogenous gene target sites to polypurine-polypyrimidine stretches in duplex DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polymorphisms in genes might modify the effects of exogenous and endogenous carcinogens in brain tumor development. (cdc.gov)
  • Skin fibroblasts were exposed to 5 uM Cr(VI) for time intervals up to 24- hr and their differential gene expression profile was studied using the Toxicology and Drug Resistance Microarray (Super Array Inc.). Of the 280 genes represented on the array, the expression levels of 32 genes were found to be differentially affected in the fibroblasts exposed to Cr(VI). (cdc.gov)
  • The present project aims to introduce microarray technology as a new analytical tool into the field of doping control analysis to gain insight in specific effects of recombinant human growth hormone (hgh) on blood cells (leukocytes). (wada-ama.org)
  • Microarray technology will be used to search for changes in leukocyte gene expression which are directly related to the application of human growth hormone (hgh). (wada-ama.org)
  • To establish a selective "hgh-chip" the newly designed oligonucleotide probes for the hghcandidate genes will be printed on a microarray. (wada-ama.org)
  • The aim was to establish a selective human Growth Hormone (hgh) microarray which can be used in hgh doping control by detecting the specific effects of hgh administration rather than the presence of the hormone itself as its very short half-life complicates direct detection. (wada-ama.org)
  • Methods for analysis of gene expression: microarray, hybridisation, promoter analyses. (lu.se)
  • Biological assays and gene expression analysis were performed on three cell lines: ISH, MFE-296 and MFE-280. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Biological assays were performed on well-[Ishikawa (ISH)] moderately (MFE-296) and poorly (MFE-280) differentiated human adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines, representing the G1, G2 and G3 stage of EC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Identification of miRNA-regulated targeting genes is important for understanding their specific biological functions [ 11 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Many of our biologic systems - including our sleep and wake cycle, our appetites and digestive patterns, our body temperatures, and even our moods - follow daily patterns, or "circadian rhythms. (cdc.gov)
  • These cycles are set by circadian clock genes that are found in nearly every cell in our bodies. (cdc.gov)
  • This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • This gene is regarded as a potential tumor suppressor gene. (cancerindex.org)
  • The National Human Genome Research Institute's Talking Glossary provides information about the cell cycle . (medlineplus.gov)
  • In particular, the FANTOM (Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome) consortium pioneered the discovery of the noncoding RNA world by providing, through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE-Seq), the first evidence that large portions of our genome are transcribed, producing a multitude of sense and antisense transcripts 12 . (nature.com)
  • After discovering how DNA abnormalities arise in a highly interdependent manner, the researchers named these periodic disruptions in cancer cells that lead to complex genome restructuring "chromoplexy. (enewspf.com)
  • Whole genome cDNA microarrays as well as oligonucleotide microarrays including leukocyte-relevant genes will be used to characterize potential hgh-specific genes by comparing gene expression profiles of treated and untreated cells. (wada-ama.org)
  • Results obtained from gene expression profiling utilising whole genome arrays were in accordance with published data. (wada-ama.org)
  • We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. (nature.com)
  • Modulation of gene expression can be mediated at the level of transcription by DNA-binding agents (which may be artificial transcription factors), small molecules, or synthetic oligonucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • During development, the blood vascular system arises from endothelial cell progenitors that differentiate from mesodermal cells, mostly through the expression of the transcription factor (TF) ETV2. (nature.com)
  • In spite of more than half a century of intense study since the discovery of the basic mechanism of gene regulation 1 , much remains to be understood about the ways in which gene regulatory interactions control cell fate decisions. (nature.com)
  • This implies that bulk expression measurements are often misleading, thus necessitating methods for studying gene regulation in single cells. (nature.com)
  • Second, while methods such as flow cytometry, smFISH, and single-cell RNA-seq provide snapshots of gene expression distributions across single cells (see e.g. refs. (nature.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to detect the expression of p53 protein and gene deletion in ESCC tissue samples from different ethnic groups in Xinjiang, in order to analyze their association with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the two methods. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We aim to study the coupling between LTCC and β adrenergic receptors in different cardiomyocyte microdomains, the distinct involvement of PKA and CAMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and explore how this functional complex is disrupted in heart failure.Methods:Global signaling between LTCCs and β adrenergic receptors was assessed with whole-cell current recordings and western blot analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Our proposed method performs better than current methods with complete coverage of input genes and finer granularity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods for gene identification and analysis of gene structure: cloning, PCR, restriction mapping, in situ hybridisation, DNA sequencing. (lu.se)
  • Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Lymphatic tissues also include the thymus, a relatively small organ behind the breastbone that is thought to play an important role in the immune system until puberty, as well as the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside the cavities of bones that manufactures blood cells. (rarediseases.org)
  • Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • Also due to their high molecular weight, uptake into cells is limited and some strategies to overcome this include DNA condensing agents, coupling of the TFO to hydrophobic residues like cholesterol, or cell permeabilization agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • The goal of specific molecular targets in cancer therapy is to create a "magic bullet" that selectively kills cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • As our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC continues to develop, we can target the specific components of cancer cells that are not found in normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • 5] "Molecular Biology of the cells", B. Alberts et al. (sns.it)
  • From published experimental evidence, we propose a molecular mechanism for control of the cell division cycle in Caulobacter crescentus. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • The molecular architecture of fungal walls remains elusive because of difficulty in correlating chemical composition with the ultrastructural layers and uncertainty concerning the linkages connecting major cell wall polymers: glucans, mannan, and chitin. (cdc.gov)
  • The course is an optional second-cycle course for a degree of Bachelor or Master of Science in Biology and Molecular Biology. (lu.se)
  • To find additional hgh-candidate genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technology will be applied on hgh-treated PBMCs and on those cultured leukocyte subsets which showed a response to hgh before during in vitro studies. (wada-ama.org)
  • However, MSCs need to be expanded in vitro in order to obtain sufficient cells for clinical trials since they are extremely rare in various tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • MiR-363-3p levels in GC tissues and cells were tested by qRT-PCR. (medscimonit.com)
  • MiR-363-3p showed low levels in GC tissues and cells. (medscimonit.com)
  • Both glutathione S-transferase pi ( GSTpi ) (80%, 24/30 in tumor and 56.7%, 17/30 in the paired non-cancerous tissues) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ATP-binding cassette (sub-family C, member 7) ( CFTR ) (77%, 23/30 in tumor and 50%, 15/30 in the paired non-cancerous tissues) genes were prevalently hypermethylated in HCC as well as their neighboring non-cancerous tissues. (wjgnet.com)
  • We found that MT1M expression was significantly downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
  • In human males, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testis and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. (cdc.gov)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • The association between glioma risk and history of allergies is being explored by examining the relation between glioma risk and polymorphisms in cytokine genes, and polymorphisms in a large panel of genes related to innate immunity also are under study. (cdc.gov)
  • The most common approach in such studies is to grow cells on a surface while tracking gene expression and growth using quantitative fluorescence time-lapse microscopy (QFTM). (nature.com)
  • There is some correlation between the alteration of this gene and personality traits, especially anxiety and depression. (pearson.com)
  • We have previously reported a mouse model in which Brca1 exon 11 is eliminated in mammary epithelial cells through Cre-mediated excision. (nih.gov)