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They pioneered a new technique of starving embryo cells before transferring their nucleus to fertilized egg cells. (shawprize.org)
One of the live-born lambs, Dolly, was derived from the transplantation of the nucleus of an adult mammary cell. (shawprize.org)
Cloning entails taking the nucleus - the compartment that contains the DNA - from an adult cell and putting it into an egg from which the original nucleus has been removed. (nih.gov)
The egg then "reprograms" the adult nucleus so that the cell behaves like an embryo but has the genes of the adult cell. (nih.gov)
This DNA comes from small cells called polar bodies that form off of eggs and contain the same genetic material as in a woman's egg nucleus. (salk.edu)
In the study, scientists successfully transplanted a polar body from a woman's developing oocyte into the cytoplasm of a donor oocyte stripped of its nucleus. (salk.edu)
Mitalipov previously developed a mitochondrial replacement therapy involving the implantation of patient's egg nucleus-or spindle-into a healthy donated egg stripped of its original nucleus. (salk.edu)
A) Unfertilized egg and diploid blastula 24 h, (B) haploid androgenetic blastula 24h, (C) axolotl activated egg implanted with Pleurodeles blastula nucleus, diploid, (D) axolotl activated egg, implanted with Pleurodeles haploid androgenetic nucleus, (E) same experiment as D, except a transient treatment with spermine of the transplanted nucleus. (silverchair.com)
This research developed a technique for taking DNA from the nucleus (which contains the majority of a cell's DNA) from one monkey egg cell and transferring it to another egg cell that had had its nucleus removed. (nicswell.co.uk)
In addition to this, cells also have a small amount of DNA in their mitochondria (membranes surrounding the nucleus in the cell). (nicswell.co.uk)
Mitochondria are found in all cells with a nucleus and contain their own genetic code known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (nicswell.co.uk)
Unlike the genetic code in the nucleus, half of which comes from the mother and half from the father, the mtDNA in the embryo comes almost exclusively from the mother's egg. (nicswell.co.uk)
a smaller, simple type of cell that does not have a membrane-bound nucleus. (edrawmind.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)

Researchers reported in Nature on November 22, 2007, that they successfully isolated 2 embryonic stem cell lines from cloned embryos made using cells from the skin of an adult rhesus macaque. (nih.gov)
The team that isolated the embryonic stem cell lines was led by Dr. Shoukhrat Mitalipov at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. (nih.gov)
The stem cells, the researchers showed, could turn into heart or nerve cells in the laboratory, and had other characteristics of established embryonic stem cell lines. (nih.gov)
While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
Today, this technique continues to form the foundation for research on mammalian embryos, including technologies such as transgenic engineering, embryonic stem cell therapy, human in vitro fertilization, mammalian cloning, and knockout engineering. (avma.org)

But the work amounts to genetic modification of embryos - which is currently illegal in the United Kingdom - and also involves destroying fertilized eggs. (sentientdevelopments.com)
Embryonic stem cells are derived from early embryos and have the ability to differentiate into any cell type. (spiked-online.com)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
They've even used those sperm and eggs to make embryos and implanted the embryos into the wombs of female mice, which gave birth to apparently healthy mouse pups. (usf.edu)
Neither the sperm or eggs are developed enough to make embryos or babies. (usf.edu)
Haploid androgenetic axolotl embryos develop devoid of the 8S DNA-ligase characteristic of control embryos ( Fig. 1A,B ). The paternal gene for DNA-ligase I is in a repressed state. (silverchair.com)
Using this method of embryo manipulation, he next worked out many aspects of the metabolism and development of eggs and early embryos. (avma.org)
From there, Dr. Brinster became interested in modifying the development of animals and their germ lines, and he went on to become the first person to show that it was possible to colonize a mouse blastocyst with stem cells from older embryos. (avma.org)
When a fertilised egg separates into two or more embryos with almost identical DNA, these twins are created. (geminigenetics.com)

Blastocytes obtained through nuclear transfers would be used to generate the embryonic stem cells that could be differentiated to specific tissues or organs for transfer to the nuclear donor. (spiked-online.com)
During the development of vertebrates, including humans, the fertilized egg develops into the embryo, and the cells in the embryo then proceed to differentiate to form somatic cells of different tissues and organs. (shawprize.org)
It cannot be detected in the unfertilized egg, sperm or differentiated tissues such as liver or muscle. (silverchair.com)
In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)

A lab-grown ovaroid is made by transforming stem cells into cells that are naturally found in the follicles of ovaries. (bostonglobe.com)
Currently, women undergoing IVF must take a series of extremely expensive hormone injections to stimulate their ovaries to mature eggs, which can cause cramping, bloating, headaches, mood disruptions, and painful ovarian swelling. (bostonglobe.com)
They must inject themselves daily for four weeks with large doses of hormones to encourage their ovaries to produce numerous mature oocytes while simultaneously suppressing the normal menstrual cycle, which would eject the eggs into the fallopian tubes. (discovermagazine.com)
The process ends with major surgery, complete with general anesthesia, as a surgeon pierces a donor's vaginal wall with a needle and sucks the eggs out of the ovaries. (discovermagazine.com)
As part of his vision of a dystopian future, Huxley took readers on a tour of a human hatchery where eggs matured in carefully maintained ovaries before being fertilized and developed in bottles. (discovermagazine.com)

The fertilized egg is considered totipotent, as it can develop into a whole organism, while the cells in the embryo are pluripotent because they are capable of differentiating into somatic cells that make up all the organs. (shawprize.org)
At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)

Alternatively, transgenesis and gene targeting techniques can be used to introduce the patient's genes into the stem cell line. (spiked-online.com)

Fourteen representative subtype H5N1 viruses from Bhutan were selected for use in hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests ( 4 ), on the basis of their genetic relationships (nucleotide differences in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene), as well as the location and date of their isolation. (cdc.gov)
The attenuated viruses could also be used as vaccine master donor strains for making different influenza vaccines by introducing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes derived from other strains. (hku.hk)

In principle, the resulting egg could then develop into a healthy child carrying both the parents' nuclear genes and mitochondrial DNA from the donor. (sentientdevelopments.com)
Here, the stem cell line is created using the genetic properties of the prospective recipient via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (spiked-online.com)
Human nuclear cell transfer is legal in the UK, but is liable to become a criminal act in the USA pending an upcoming vote in the Senate. (spiked-online.com)
Should the use of nuclear transfer ever become widespread there will be an urgent need for human egg donors and it is unlikely that the willing population will be sufficient to meet demand. (spiked-online.com)
They performed nuclear transfer experiments in which nuclei from embryonic, foetal and adult cells of the sheep were transplanted into fertilized eggs derived from ewes. (shawprize.org)
The result was an egg that contained the mitochondria from one egg and the nuclear DNA from another. (nicswell.co.uk)
This potentially means that eggs with mutated mitochondria can have their nuclear DNA transplanted into a cell with a healthy mitochondria. (nicswell.co.uk)
The technique, called spindle-chromosomal complex transfer involved transplanting the nuclear DNA attached to the spindle (a structure that organises and separates chromosomes when a cell divides). (nicswell.co.uk)
They also tested the monkeys' offspring to see whether they contained any of the mtDNA from the nuclear DNA donor monkey. (nicswell.co.uk)

But Kraschel also worries that could undermine acceptance of gay people parenting children who aren't genetically related to them through adoption or by using other peoples' sperm and eggs. (usf.edu)
In another strategy, called therapeutic cloning, the embryo can instead be used to create stem cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (nih.gov)
Before this new study was published, Nature asked another group of researchers to confirm that the stem cells were genetically identical to the donor skin cells. (nih.gov)
Or even same-sex couples to create sperm from biological females or eggs from biological males and conceive children who are genetically related to both parents. (bostonglobe.com)
The twins share common genes with their parents, but are genetically identical to each other. (geminigenetics.com)
The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)

Experiments on primates, and with defective human eggs, have already shown that genetic material can be removed from an egg that has faulty mitochondria and transferred to a healthy donor ovum, leaving the flawed mitochondrial DNA behind. (sentientdevelopments.com)
The semen analysis tests for sperm count and sperm motility, which determine whether the sperm cells can reach the ovum to cause a pregnancy. (gleneaglesglobalhealthcitychennai.com)

A renewable, tissue culture source of human cells capable of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types would have broad applications in basic research and therapeutic techniques. (spiked-online.com)
A number of large biotech companies and scientists are looking toward stem cells as the basis for a therapeutic solution to cure such illnesses as blindness, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. (thefutureofthings.com)
Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)

A clinician prepares cells for in vitro fertilization, or IVF, the treatment for infertility. (usf.edu)
This is potentially a way to double the number of eggs we're able to get from one session of in vitro fertilization. (salk.edu)
We hope that by doing this, we can double the number of patient eggs available for in vitro fertilization. (salk.edu)
Follicles are the pockets within the ovary that support and nourish eggs as they prepare to be released for fertilization. (bostonglobe.com)
These technologies could enable women who have lost their fertility to age or illness to conceive with their own eggs - and to do so with far less suffering than in vitro fertilization (IVF) currently exacts. (bostonglobe.com)
During fertilization, the egg, which contains 23 single chromosomes, fuses with the sperm, which also contains 23 single chromosomes, and the resulting fetus has 46 total chromosomes. (primaryimmune.org)
Harvesting her eggs for possible use in in-vitro fertilization is thus seen as crucial in the captive-breeding program, which since 2012 has seen just three rhinos born in captivity at Way Kambas. (mongabay.com)
We make every effort to keep the survival of the Sumatran rhinos in Kalimantan [Indonesian Borneo], one of which is with assisted reproductive technology such as in-vitro fertilization with sperm from Sumatran rhinos in Way Kambas National Park, stem cells, and cloning," Satyawan Pudyatmoko, the environment ministry's director-general of natural resources and ecosystem conservation, said in the now-deleted statement. (mongabay.com)
The extracted samples from Pahu have been sent to a laboratory at the Bogor Institute of Agriculture (IPB) on the island of Java, where the egg cells, or oocytes, will go through a maturing process before any attempt at fertilization. (mongabay.com)
When it comes to eggs, though, the success of in vitro fertilization has created a demand far exceeding supply. (discovermagazine.com)

Researchers are inching closer to creating human eggs and sperm in the lab that carry a full complement of anyone's DNA. (usf.edu)

Scientists anticipate that in the future stem cell lines will provide a virtually unending supply of pancreatic cells for diabetic patients, neuronal cells for patients with neural disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease, and a host of heart cells that may treat a variety of cardiac problems. (spiked-online.com)
Not only might stem cell technology obviate the need for cadaver donation - it could also resolve the problem of rejection. (spiked-online.com)
There are major obstacles to overcome before a stem cell line is liable to reach clinical trials. (spiked-online.com)
In the future, it could be joined by IVG, in vitro gametogenesis, a new process that could turn any cell first into a stem cell and then into a sperm or egg cell. (usf.edu)
In a study published today in the journal Cell Stem Cell , researchers discovered it's possible to regenerate human eggs or oocytes-the cellular beginning of an embryo-by making use of genetic material that normally goes to waste. (salk.edu)
Recent advances in the field of stem-cell research are giving hope to millions. (thefutureofthings.com)
Avant-garde approaches to stem-cell therapy may be the first stepping-stones to a bright new future of stem-cell medicine and are emerging in leading laboratories worldwide. (thefutureofthings.com)
The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
This research into swapping DNA was carried out by Dr Tachibana and colleagues from the Oregon National Primate Research Center, the Oregon Stem Cell Center and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular and Medical Genetics at the Oregon Health and Science University. (nicswell.co.uk)

Later, Dr. Brinster began to wonder whether he could inject genes instead of mRNA into the eggs. (avma.org)

In his original report, Thompson demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells could be coaxed into developing gut-like structures, bone, cartilage and muscle (1). (spiked-online.com)
Current screening of potential new drugs is done using cell lines derived from animals or 'abnormal' human tissue such as tumor cells. (spiked-online.com)
The exact process of differentiation is not yet understood and although embryonic stem cells can, in principle, provide for all human tissue, scientists are some way from controlling the process. (spiked-online.com)
It is likely that human stem cells will have similar properties. (spiked-online.com)
Alternatively, research using eggs may point the way to methods which mimic their properties using other human cells and chemical agents. (spiked-online.com)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
Even if you don't have a religious view of the sanctity of life, you have to ask is there going to be a massive trade in human eggs from poor women to rich countries. (wikiquote.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
It's the academy's first workshop to explore in-vitro gametogenesis, or IVG, which involves custom-making human eggs and sperm in the laboratory from any cell in a person's body. (usf.edu)
He's turned human blood cells into iPS cells, and used those iPS cells to create very primitive human eggs . (usf.edu)
Attempts were then made to show that mammalian cells - and human cells in particular - could also be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state, because it is believed that such knowledge may advance our understanding of developmental mechanisms, and yield new approaches for disease treatment. (shawprize.org)
The scientists honoured by the 2008 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine used different approaches to reprogramme an adult cell into the totipotent or pluripotent state, and in doing so made important contributions to potential new approaches to improve agriculture practices and to treat human diseases. (shawprize.org)
They further created a sheep called Polly in which they showed that it was possible to incorporate a human gene into the donor's DNA before cloning, thus indicating that it may be possible to use animals to produce human proteins for the benefit of mankind. (shawprize.org)
Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
In particular, the efficiency of the process will have to be improved before the technique could be applied in the clinic using human cells. (nih.gov)
Until now, polar bodies had never been shown to be potentially useful for generating functional human eggs for fertility treatments. (salk.edu)
The scientists in the lab had grown an "ovaroid," an assembly of cells designed to mimic the structure and function of a crucial part of a human ovary: the follicle. (bostonglobe.com)
Each cell in the human body contains genetic material that carries the instructions for every protein, cell, and organ that makes up the body. (primaryimmune.org)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
It said researchers had successfully tested a new technique in monkeys that could be used to swap genes between unfertilised human eggs before implanting them into the womb. (nicswell.co.uk)
We may soon be able to grow unlimited numbers of perfectly healthy, fertilizable human eggs in the laboratory. (discovermagazine.com)
A human female embryo develops around 7 million proto-eggs, known as primordial oocytes. (discovermagazine.com)
The mature egg cell, observes Roger Gosden, a reproductive biologist at the University of Leeds in England, is the rarest cell in the human body. (discovermagazine.com)
Now there is hope of leveling the reproductive playing field somewhat--several recent experiments promise to lead to a vast supply of human eggs. (discovermagazine.com)
No one knew whether human ovarian tissue could survive the process--after all, that kind of deep freeze normally kills mature eggs. (discovermagazine.com)
Therefore they are safe to be used in human and they can be produced in low cost egg-based vaccine manufacturing system. (hku.hk)
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a luteinizing hormone (LH) analogue that may be used alone or in combination with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for Leydig cell stimulation. (medscape.com)

If you are using donor sperm or donor eggs, knowing your genetics will help you choose a donor that is low risk for you. (sbivf.com)

Two mutant viruses generated by this approach are significantly attenuated in mammalian cells and mice, yet grow well in embryonated eggs. (hku.hk)

The researchers showed that the reconstructed egg cells with the mitochondrial replacement were capable of supporting normal fertilisation, embryo development and producing healthy offspring. (nicswell.co.uk)

In a statement on Oct. 31 (which appears to have since been removed), the Indonesian environment ministry said a team of conservation experts extracted the ovarian follicles, which contain the egg, as well as other tissue samples from the rhino at the Kelian Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary (SRS) in East Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo. (mongabay.com)

The cell was then used in a standard in vitro fertilisation to produce an embryo for implantation into a monkey. (nicswell.co.uk)

Dr Thomas Okarma, who heads up the Geron Corporation, claims to have heart cells that 'beat' in laboratory dishes developed from stem cells (2). (spiked-online.com)
Ian Wilmut and Keith H S Campbell worked together in the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh for many years, using sheep as the model, in order to understand the early physiology of the egg and how laboratory manipulations can improve our knowledge of the development from egg to birth. (shawprize.org)
Although it was only possible to examine a limited number of lines, from the point of view of epigenomic profiles, the quality of polar body-derived embryonic cells looks quite promising," says co-senior author Joseph Ecker , PhD, Salk professor and director of the Genomic Analysis Laboratory. (salk.edu)

These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)

Lytic cycle - the replication process in viruses in which the virus's genetic material uses the copying machinery of the host cell to make new viruses. (edrawmind.com)
Replication - the fundamental process of all cells, in which the genetic material is copied before the cell reproduces. (edrawmind.com)

Half a century ago, it was found by John Gurdon that this developmental clock can be reversed, and that differentiated somatic cells in a frog model could regain their pluripotency or totipotency. (shawprize.org)

Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)

The presence of influenza A virus (IAV) in allantoic fluids testing positive for hemagglutination was confirmed by endpoint real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) (to detect the M gene) and sequencing ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

Each mitochondrion contains between two and 10 copies of mtDNA, and because cells have numerous mitochondria, a cell may harbour several thousand mtDNA copies. (nicswell.co.uk)
In the United States those voluntary donors receive several thousand dollars for each harvest of eggs, and it is hard-earned pay. (discovermagazine.com)

Britain is one step closer to conducting the first clinical tests of reproductive techniques that combine parents' genes with DNA from a third party . (sentientdevelopments.com)
The female reproductive hormones, Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Progesterone and Estrogen, control the menstrual cycle that deals with the release of egg. (gleneaglesglobalhealthcitychennai.com)

More successful IVF, egg cells from men, and sperm cells from women? (bostonglobe.com)

Donors must regularly undergo ultrasound and blood tests to monitor their developing oocytes. (discovermagazine.com)

Let's say that one in a thousand cells were nevertheless viable, practical issues come into play. (wikiquote.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

Moreover, Dr. Brinster first demonstrated that teratocarcinoma cells could combine with blastocyst cells to form adult chimeric mice, establishing the feasibility of this approach to change the genetic character of mice. (avma.org)

He injected messenger RNA into mouse eggs in his pilot experiments and experienced some success. (avma.org)

As the embryonic cells divide and the daughter cells differentiate, they become increasingly specific. (thefutureofthings.com)

The researchers used cells from the tails of adult mice to create induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and then coaxed those iPS cells to become mouse sperm and eggs. (usf.edu)
Thus, Dolly was the first example of the reprogramming of the adult cell back to totipotency in a mammal. (shawprize.org)
however, there are also stem cells in the adult body. (thefutureofthings.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to replace damaged heart-muscle cells and are used in practice today . (thefutureofthings.com)
The most common application of adult stem cells is probably the restoration of blood cells for patients with leukemia, and there are many more applications currently in practice. (thefutureofthings.com)

It might be expected that the richest nation on Earth would encourage its top scientists to pursue this work with vigor rather than limiting funding opportunities, creating legal barriers and fencing off any newly developed cell lines. (spiked-online.com)

Since embryonic stem cells have the ability to form virtually any cell type in the body, those taken from a cloned embryo could potentially be used to treat many diseases. (nih.gov)
In addition to potentially benefitting women of advanced maternal age, the technique may present another opportunity to help women known to have mutations in their mitochondria, the tiny powerhouses inside nearly every cell of the body. (salk.edu)

a type of biological diversity that is exhibited in the variety of structural forms in living things, from internal cell structure to body morphology. (edrawmind.com)

An electrical impulse is then applied to the egg cell to stimulate it to become an embryo. (geminigenetics.com)

Two separate research teams have figured out how to "reprogram" cells with just a handful of genes to give them the characteristics of embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
the variety of heritable characteristics (genes) in a population of interbreeding individuals. (edrawmind.com)

Genes present on one of the 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes are known as autosomal. (primaryimmune.org)

In a woman's lifetime perhaps 400 will become full-grown eggs capable of being fertilized by sperm. (discovermagazine.com)

Ck/BD/22478(pH5N1) by the oral, intraocular, or intranasal route, and at 1 hpi, donor birds were cohoused with naïve contacts (n = 2). (cdc.gov)

The mitochondrial genetic code was successfully replaced in a mature monkey egg cell by transfer from one egg to another. (nicswell.co.uk)
Conservationists in Indonesia say they've successfully extracted eggs from a Sumatran rhino to be used in an IVF program meant to boost the population of the near-extinct species. (mongabay.com)

We also help single women and men, lesbians, gays and transgender patients conceive using donor sperm or donor eggs. (sbivf.com)
We also assist patients who don't want to conceive now freeze their eggs for future conception. (sbivf.com)

So it is unlikely that the cells would be viable. (wikiquote.org)

These cells are considered pluripotent . (thefutureofthings.com)

DNA-ligase activity in eukaryotic cells is carried out by two different molecular forms of the enzyme. (silverchair.com)

This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)

The researchers used cytogenetic analysis to check that the baby monkeys' cells contained normal rhesus monkey chomosomes (one male 42 XY and one female 42 XX) with no detectable chromosomal anomalies. (nicswell.co.uk)

Prion - an infectious particle that causes damage to nerve cells in the brain, and that appears to consist mostly or entirely of a single protein. (edrawmind.com)

The sex of the child is determined by which sex chromosome (X or Y) the sperm that fuses with the egg (only X) carries. (primaryimmune.org)
Usually, each parent of the child affected by an autosomal recessive condition carries one copy of the PI-causing gene variant, and they are unaffected because their other copy of the gene is functional. (primaryimmune.org)
Today, a child can have a genetic mother (the egg donor), a gestational mother (who carries the child), and a social mother (who raises the child). (donoreggblog.com)

However, if we think back to what actually happened to the animal - it died, even if from the cold, the cells in the body would have taken some time to freeze. (wikiquote.org)
This time lag would allow for breakdown of the cells, which normally happens when any animal dies. (wikiquote.org)
In fact, the normal level of activity for the heavy molecular form of the enzyme has been established by the time the egg enters cleavage, 7h after activation. (silverchair.com)
By 1981, he and Richard D. Palmiter, PhD, a professor of biochemistry at the University of Washington School of Medicine, were able to show for the first time that new genes could be introduced into the mammalian genome. (avma.org)
To resolve these problems the researchers developed new techniques for DNA staining and for extracting the DNA at exactly the right time in egg development. (nicswell.co.uk)
A mother or would-be mother of a donor egg child spends a lot of time thinking about the nature and experience of motherhood. (donoreggblog.com)

The donor rhino, known as Pahu, is a Bornean specimen of the Sumatran rhino, and her egg would greatly expand the genetic pool of a species believed to number as few as 40. (mongabay.com)

IVG would enable infertile women and men to have children with their own DNA instead of genes from the sperm and eggs or donors. (usf.edu)
We know that fertility declines as women get older," said Shoukhrat Mitalipov, PhD, co-senior author and director of the OHSU Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy. (salk.edu)
The burden between men and women is so astronomically far apart," says Kramme, who is now vice president of cell engineering at biotech company Gameto, which has licensed the ovaroid technology from the Church Lab. (bostonglobe.com)
if they want to bear children, they must resort to eggs donated by other women. (discovermagazine.com)

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