• Lentiviral gene delivery systems consist of packaging (or helper) plasmids that code for viral structural and regulatory proteins, and a gene transfer vector that contains the transgene expression cassette ( Srinivasakumar, 2001 ). (peerj.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Mucosal Immunization with Newcastle Disease Virus Vector Coexpressing HIV-1 Env and Gag Proteins Elicits Potent Serum, Mucosal, and Cellular Immune Responses That Protect against Vaccinia Virus Env and Gag Challenges. (duke.edu)
  • The Gag and Env proteins expressed by all the recombinants except rNDV-Env-Gag self-assembled into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virus-like particles (VLPs). (duke.edu)
  • In this study, we showed that coexpression of Env and Gag proteins of HIV-1 performed using a single Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector led to the formation of HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs). (duke.edu)
  • These results suggest that the use of a single NDV expressing Env and Gag proteins simultaneously is a novel strategy to develop a safe and effective vaccine against HIV. (duke.edu)
  • Dystrophin associates with a number of proteins to form a large oligomeric complex named the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges across the sarcolemma and connects the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton (Allamand and Campbell, (2000) Human Molecular Genetics 9:2459-2467). (justia.com)
  • HIV-1 protease cleaves an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) precursor proteins, such as cleaving the env protein , glycoprotein (GP) 160 , into gp41 and gp120 . (proteopedia.org)
  • gag gene codes for structural proteins which forms the 'body' of the viral particle, among other proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • Pol gene on the other hand codes for three essential enzymes which are Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Integrase (IN) and Protease (PR), among other proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • env gene codes for viral envelop proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • They are critically important for formulation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) vaccines intended to induce antibody production, as Env proteins are otherwise only very weakly immunogenic. (cornell.edu)
  • DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
  • Various reports implicated host cellular proteins as a key factor that either interact directly with HIV-1 integrase (IN) or get involved in the integration process of virus resulting in the modulation of integration step. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV-1 also has regulatory genes ( tat and rev ) and genes that encode for accessory proteins ( vpu , vpr , vif , and nef ) that are important in viral replication and interaction with the host. (medscape.com)
  • HIV infection can be diagnosed based on detection of antibodies that are directed against the proteins encoded by the 3 major genes, the detection of the p24 antigen, the viral nucleic acid, and, finally, by means of culturing the virus. (medscape.com)
  • Here we use an expression-cloning strategy to identify SIV receptors and have isolated genes encoding two members of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor family that are used not only by SIVs, but also by strains of HIV-2 and M-tropic HIV-1. (nih.gov)
  • A nuclear localization signal is encoded in the rev gene, which allows the Rev protein to be localized to the nucleus, where it is involved in the export of unspliced and incompletely spliced mRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • A novel protein was found to be involved in the translation of gag and env mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus therefore requires a mechanism for transporting incompletely spliced and unspliced mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for either protein expression or for encapsidation of the full-length or genomic mRNA. (peerj.com)
  • Walling DW , Shebib N , Weaver SC , Nichols CM , Flaitz CM , Webster-Cyriaque J . The molecular epidemiology and evolution of Epstein-Barr virus: sequence variation and genetic recombination in the latent membrane protein-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
  • The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= GENE PRODUCTS, REV ), termed the rev-responsive element (RRE). (lookformedical.com)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. (lookformedical.com)
  • Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus Vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Further investigation using activated CFS patient PBMC co-cultured with susceptible PC cells (LNCaP) showed that virus could be transmitted by cells and supernatant, as indicated by protein expression and transmission electron microscopy, suggesting that the virus being detected by protein expression was infectious. (phoenixrising.me)
  • Polypyrimidine tract binding protein and associated splicing factor (PSF) has diverse functions inside the cell such as transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, acts as nucleic acids binding protein and regulate replication and infectivity of different viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One such protein is viral protein U (Vpu) that is encoded by HIV-1 but not HIV-2 or the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The env gene encodes for glycoprotein (gp) 120 and gp 41. (medscape.com)
  • HIV-1 Protease is a viral aspartic protease that responsible for maturation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) . (proteopedia.org)
  • Therefore, HIV-1 protease make the virus have the ability to infect new cells by the cleave process. (proteopedia.org)
  • The genome products (red circle) that require protease to process. (proteopedia.org)
  • Crystal Structures of Highly Constrained Substrate and Hydrolysis Products Bound to HIV-1 Protease. (proteopedia.org)
  • The pol gene encodes the enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. (medscape.com)
  • The HIV-1 vaccine field now uses the well-defined structures of trimeric Env glycoproteins, like SOSIPs, to present multiple known epitopes for broad and potent neutralizing human antibodies in a native-like conformation. (cornell.edu)
  • Although HIV-1 based gene transfer vectors lack most of the viral coding sequences, it retains a small portion of the gag sequence, and also contains a 5′ splice donor site upstream of gag and frequently a 3′ splice acceptor site further downstream. (peerj.com)
  • All gene transfer vectors also contain cis -sequences for encapsidation, reverse-transcription, and integration. (peerj.com)
  • A series of new AAV serotypes have been identified from humans or primates that display variable capsid sequences as compared with AAV2 (Gao et al. (justia.com)
  • XMRV was identified using a viral detection DNA microarray composed of oligonucleotides corresponding to the most conserved sequences of all known viruses (1). (phoenixrising.me)
  • The viral gene sequences identified in CFS patients clustered with sequences from PC and both sequences were virtually identical. (phoenixrising.me)
  • Natural HIV-1 Nef accelerates virus replication in primary human lymphocytes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • HIV persistence may arise from ongoing residual virus replication and/or from latently-infected cells defined as the cellular reservoir in which long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells harbouring an integrated but transcriptionally silent provirus represent the largest pool in the blood (Chomont et al. (europa.eu)
  • Virus was isolated from T- and B- lymphocytes and NK cells in blood (but not macrophages), prostate epithelial cells, vaginal tissue, and there was evidence for viral replication in spleen, lung, lymph nodes and liver (5). (phoenixrising.me)
  • rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag were also more efficient in inducing cellular as well as protective immune responses to challenge with vaccinia viruses expressing HIV-1 Env and Gag in mice. (duke.edu)
  • MVA-HPV is a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector (MVA). (biosafety.be)
  • In the absence of Rev, mRNAs of the HIV-1 late (structural) genes are retained in the nucleus, preventing their translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Systemic expression of HIV-1 tat gene in transgenic mice induces endothelial proliferation and tumors of different histotypes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The arginine-rich domain of Rev interacts with the rev-binding element (RBE), which is part of the HIV Rev response element (RRE) located in an intron downstream of the env gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The rev response element (RRE) is a 240 base-pair sequence located in the second intron of the HIV-1 genome, immediately downstream of the env gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • However the gag/pol coding sequence serves as an intron and is spliced out for expression of Env. (peerj.com)
  • XMRV is a simple retrovirus with gag, pol and env genes and unlike HIV or HTLV, has no accessory or regulatory genes. (phoenixrising.me)
  • Most AIDS patients die from opportunistic infections rather than from the AIDS virus itself. (fraktali.biz)
  • This results in inhibition of NFκB activity and the NFκB-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes of the Bcl-2 family [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Usage of these new receptors following experimental infection of non-human primates with SIV strains may provide important insight into viral transmission and the mechanisms of SIV- and HIV-induced acquired immune-deficiency syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • No human disease has been associated with wild-type AAV infection and low toxicity is observed in human subjects following muscle transduction by rAAV (Manno et al. (justia.com)
  • This specificity is particularly important to explain the infection of terminally differentiated cells, including macrophages and microglia that constitute an important reservoir of virus in infected individuals [ 35 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Approximately 25 million deaths worldwide have been attributed to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since the beginning of the HIV epidemic in the early 1980s. (medscape.com)
  • Timeline of CD4 T-cell and viral-load changes over time in untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medscape.com)
  • Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • Deletion of the RRE during reverse-transcription lead to the reconstitution of a functional hygromycin phosphotransferase gene in the target cell. (peerj.com)
  • Several members of the chemokine-receptor family serve, in conjunction with CD4, as receptors for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) into cells. (nih.gov)
  • Description: The RPA-T4 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa cell surface receptor expressed by a majority of thymocytes, subpopulation of mature T cells (T-helper cells) and in low levels on monocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD4 is a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (thermofisher.com)
  • Finally, antibodies to XMRV were detected in 9/18 CFS patients using a test based on the envelope of a closely related virus, spleen focus forming virus (SFFV). (phoenixrising.me)
  • The Env-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses and Gag-specific humoral immune responses were higher in rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag than in the other recombinants. (duke.edu)
  • Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Though distinct from its CD4 degradation function, it is not clear whether Vpu enhances virus release through modification of the cellular environment or specific interactions with cellular or viral factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data document for the first time that a substantial proportion of wild monkeys in Cameroon are SIV infected and that humans who hunt and handle bushmeat are exposed to a plethora of genetically highly divergent viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or type 2 (HIV- derives from infected monkeys, and a comparable number of 2) (1,2). (cdc.gov)
  • UNLABELLED: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) avirulent strain LaSota was used to coexpress gp160 Env and p55 Gag from a single vector to enhance both Env-specific and Gag-specific immune responses. (duke.edu)
  • Evaluation of efficacy of Salmonella Dublin-Typhimurium vaccine, double gene deleted avirulent live culture in calves. (biosafety.be)
  • Integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into a host cell chromosome is an essential step under the control of the viral integrase (IN). (biomedcentral.com)
  • All the recombinant viruses replicated at levels similar to those seen with parental NDV in embryonated chicken eggs and in chicken fibroblast cells. (duke.edu)
  • Native-like, soluble, recombinant SOSIP trimers of various designs and based on several genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are being tested as immunogens in different animal models. (cornell.edu)
  • The invention also provides scrambled AAV capsids and virus particles comprising the same. (justia.com)
  • The RRE sequence is cis-acting, and is necessary to achieve high levels of env mRNA in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • rAAV1 vectors have a similar capsid sequence and were successfully applied in systemic gene delivery to vital muscles of DMD and CMD mouse models and efficiently ameliorated the dystrophic phenotype (Qiao et al. (justia.com)
  • The invention relates to methods for directed evolution and in vivo panning of adeno-associated virus vectors as well as optimized AAV capsids and virus vectors comprising the same. (justia.com)
  • AAV9 vectors also demonstrate efficient tropism to the myocardium and serve as another alternative for systemic gene delivery to heart (Inagaki et al. (justia.com)
  • More than 40 million persons are estimated to have HIV infec- humans are exposed through contact with nonhuman primates. (cdc.gov)
  • Because humans come in frequent contact logging concessions in southeastern Cameroon (n=305), as with primates in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, additional well as 215 pet animals from these same areas (Table 1). (cdc.gov)
  • These findings were corroborated at the transcriptome level in independent Leishmania- and HIV-1-infected cohorts (Swiss HIV Cohort and Piaui Northeast Brazil Cohort), indicating that CXCL10 transcripts are shared by the IFN-dominated immune activation gene signatures of both pathogens and positively correlated to viral load in untreated PWH. (bvsalud.org)
  • The virus was isolated in Paris in May 1983, taken from a French homosexual who had returned home ill from a trip to the East Coast of the US. (fraktali.biz)
  • Immunization of guinea pigs by the intranasal route with these rNDVs produced long-lasting Env- and Gag-specific humoral immune responses. (duke.edu)
  • FDA is updating the committee on XMRV, the newly identified human retrovirus (a gammaretrovirus), and FDAs collaborative efforts with other public health agencies and blood establishments to determine whether XMRV poses a safety concern for the blood supply. (phoenixrising.me)
  • These results suggest that vaccination with a single rNDV coexpressing Env and Gag represents a promising strategy to enhance immunogenicity and protective efficacy against HIV. (duke.edu)
  • Loroño-Pino MA , Cropp CB , Farfán JA , Vorndam AV , Rodríguez-Angulo EM , Rosado-Paredes EP , Common occurrence of concurrent infections by multiple dengue virus serotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • We did not observe any significant difference between the amount of early reverse transcription products as well as infectivity of virus in the PSF KD and control TZM-bl cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Species were and SIVsm, respectively) have been transmitted to humans on determined by visual inspection according to the Kingdon Field at least eight occasions (5,9). (cdc.gov)
  • The present invention provides methods of achieving directed evolution of viruses by in vivo screening or "panning" to identify viruses comprising scrambled AAV capsids having characteristics of interest, e.g., tropism profile and/or neutralization profile (e.g., ability to evade neutralizing antibodies). (justia.com)
  • The quantitative PCR of virus infected PSF knockdown TZM-bl cells showed more integrated DNA and viral cDNA as compared to control cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Applications Tested: This RPA-T4 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • World wide, the predominant virus is HIV-1 - associated with high number of deaths. (proteopedia.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and during the birth process or via human milk (vertical transmission). (medscape.com)
  • AN - check the tag INFANT HN - 2008 FX - Child Nutrition FX - Infant Nutrition Physiology FX - Milk FX - Milk, Human DH - Adolescent Nutrition DI - 052508 MN - SP6.021.067 MS - Nutrition of persons 10 through 19 years of age. (bvsalud.org)
  • Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts have been identified in this gene [RefSeq, July 2017]. (thermofisher.com)