• Table of genes implicated in development and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium The table listed below is a running comprehensive list of all intestinal differential genes that have been reported in the literature. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is speculated that hypermethylation of the RUNX3 gene promoter and overexpression of GATA-4, a transcription factor that regulates differentiation and function of yolk sac endoderm, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of yolk sac tumors (YSTs). (medscape.com)
  • After differentiating the mutant and corrected cells into lung organoids, we show expression of SFTPB mRNA during endodermal and organoid differentiation but the protein product only after organoid differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Deep sequencing followed by abundancy ranking pinpointed six top hit genes potentially associated with either improved or impaired endodermal differentiation, which were selected for functional validation in CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout (KO) lines. (mdpi.com)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • We studied 3 pairs of in-house derived hESC lines for their differentiation capacity towards the mesodermal lineage (osteoprogenitor-like cells) and endodermal lineage (definitive endoderm), as well as after embryoid body formation. (vub.be)
  • We used gene expression data (mRNA and protein levels) to assess the overall onset of differentiation and the probability of the mutant lines retaining higher numbers of undifferentiated cells after differentiation. (vub.be)
  • However, Notch signaling may act to regulate differentiation by controlling the proneural genes at the transcriptional level or Notch signaling could act in already committed precursors by inhibiting proneural factors posttranslationally. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are also known as endodermal sinus tumors or primitive endodermal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • When Do Symptoms of Mediastinal endodermal sinus tumors Begin? (nih.gov)
  • Gene expression profiling has been instrumental for subtype classification in cancer, highlighting fundamental differences in tumors at the molecular level. (nih.gov)
  • Platinum-resistant tumors are often cross-resistant to PARP inhibitors, raising the question of whether homologous recombination is restored via reversion of mutations affecting DNA-repair genes in these doubly resistant tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • To better understand this process, global gene expression profiling was performed on early endodermal organ domains. (harvard.edu)
  • In Xenopus embryos, enforced expression of Tbx20a, but not Tbx20b, led to induction of mesodermal and endodermal lineage markers as well as cell migration, indicating that the long Tbx20a isoform uniquely bears functional domains that can alter gene expression and developmental behaviour in an in vivo context. (nih.gov)
  • E-PZ-iPS-like cells demonstrated pluripotency by differentiating into ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal cells in vitro, although lack of teratoma formation in vivo and incomplete demethylation of pluripotency genes suggested only partial reprogramming. (nih.gov)
  • Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide system level explanations of developmental and physiological functions in the terms of the genomic regulatory code. (nature.com)
  • Developmental gene regulatory networks in the zebrafish embryo. (nature.com)
  • This primer describes these pleiotropic roles of Hes genes in some developmental processes and aims to clarify the basic mechanism of how gene networks operate in vertebrate embryogenesis. (biologists.com)
  • Hes genes also function as biological clocks, measuring time in developmental events, such as somite segmentation. (biologists.com)
  • Lineage specification is governed by gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that integrate the activity of signaling effectors and transcription factors (TFs) on enhancers. (xenbase.org)
  • The classical subtype expresses higher levels of endodermal lineage specifiers, including HNF4A, GATA6, FOXA2, FOXA3 than the basal-type. (nih.gov)
  • A remarkable proportion of the new neural crest genes encode soluble ligands that control neural crest precursor specification into each cell lineage, including pigmented, neural, glial, and skeletal derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We propose that the evolution of the neural crest is linked not only to the recruitment of ancestral regulatory genes but also to the emergence of signaling peptides that control the increasingly complex lineage diversification of this plastic cell population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1998. Reprogramming of early embryonic blastomeres into endodermal progenitors by a Caenorhabditis elegans GATA factor. . (ucsb.edu)
  • Gene therapy has been utilized successfully to repair or inactivate mutations in animal models of monogenic human diseases 19 as well as human in vitro cells 12 . (nature.com)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • Without Hes genes such as Hes1 , however, progenitor cells prematurely differentiate into certain types of neurons only, and are depleted before they have proliferated sufficiently and generated all neuronal and glial cell types. (biologists.com)
  • While the observation that NHR-67 forms punctae associated with transcriptional repressors in non-invasive cells is intriguing, the work does not yet established a clear link between the formation and dissolution of NHR-67 condensates with the activation of downstream genes that NHR-67 is actively repressing. (elifesciences.org)
  • These analyses revealed that mESCs co-cultured with HepG2 cells showed a decrease in pluripotency gene expression concomitant with up-regulation of endodermal genes. (ca.gov)
  • These E-PZ-iPS-like cells with normal karyotype gained expression of pluripotent genes typical of iPS cells (Tra-1-81, SSEA-3, Nanog, Sox2, and Oct4) and lost gene expression characteristic of basal prostatic epithelial cells (CK5, CK14, and p63). (nih.gov)
  • In eukaryotic organisms, there is a multitude of specialized, differentiated cells that are formed by specific gene programs. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • While caspase-dependent signals emitted by apoptotic cells start to be characterised, almost no target genes are identified in receptor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evaluating the capacity of caspases to affect gene expression and influence fate and/or behaviour of cells adjacent to apoptosis is the first fundamental step to better characterise this new function in animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the spatial gene expression of XDE homologs in the gastrointestinal region of the C. intestinalis type A. Whole-mount in situ hybridization using adult and juvenile specimens revealed apparent expression signals of XDE homologs in a small number of gastrointestinal epithelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ileal mucosa in asthma exhibits a specific transcriptomic profile, which includes the overexpression of innate immune genes, mostly characteristic of Paneth and goblet cells, in addition to other changes that may resemble Crohn's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results contribute to understanding the mechanism of endodermal organogenesis and should assist efforts to replicate this process using pluripotent stem cells. (harvard.edu)
  • Nevertheless, Ngn3- and NeuroD-induced delamination of endodermal cells was insensitive to activated Notch under these conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutter suggested that these genes or the cells have only the maternal imprint because many teratomas arise from a parthenogenetically activated egg. (medscape.com)
  • Ma R., Latif R., Davies T.F. Thyroid follicle formation and thyroglobulin expression in multipotent endodermal stem cells. (genescells.ru)
  • The identification of neural crest specification genes expressed in the neural plate of basal chordates, in addition to the discovery of pigmented migratory cells in ascidians, has challenged this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This global analysis was followed up by dynamic immunofluorescence analysis of key transcription factors, uncovering novel expression patterns as well as cell surface proteins that allow prospective isolation of specific endodermal organ domains. (harvard.edu)
  • Lentiviral (LV) vectors of the Retroviridae family show interesting properties for monogenic gene therapy, since they integrate into the host genome and allow long-lasting gene expression 22 . (nature.com)
  • Peter, I. S. & Davidson, E. H. The endoderm gene regulatory network in sea urchin embryos up to mid-blastula stage. (nature.com)
  • Sox17 and β-catenin co-occupy Wnt-responsive enhancers to govern the endoderm gene regulatory network. (xenbase.org)
  • C) Sox17 -bound genes are enriched in the endoderm . (xenbase.org)
  • We firstly show that the endoderm, by expressing the fgf24 gene at early stages, triggers the patterning of the pancreatic lateral plate mesoderm. (biologists.com)
  • Although endodermal organs including the liver, pancreas, and intestine are of significant therapeutic interest, the mechanism by which the endoderm is divided into organ domains during embryogenesis is not well understood. (harvard.edu)
  • Transcriptional dynamics of endodermal organ formation. (harvard.edu)
  • Our data for the remaining seven NKL genes revealed expression in different structures associated with the developing nervous system in embryos of E. rowelli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is in contrast to (B), where injection of cer1 or hhex MOs in AE leads to downregulation of both cardiac and liver marker gene mRNA levels in conjugates. (xenbase.org)
  • The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Number of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations for this target, consisting of the sum of GO Functions and GO Processes. (nih.gov)
  • Gene ontology implicated the immune system, including interleukins 4 and 13, as well as antimicrobial peptides in this overexpression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To determine the origin of neural crest genes, we analyzed Phenotype Ontology annotations to select genes that control the development of this tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the Bar subclass of homeobox transcription factors. (nih.gov)
  • NK genes are a group of homeobox transcription factors that are involved in various molecular pathways across bilaterians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
  • The most overexpressed genes included Fc Fragment of IgG Binding Protein ( FCGBP , logFC = 3.01, pFDR = 0.015), Mucin 2 ( MUC2 , logFC = 2.78, pFDR = 0.015), and Alpha 1B Defensin ( DEFA1B , logFC = 2.73, pFDR = 0.024). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, activated Notch also prevents Ngn3-mediated induction of a number of downstream targets including NeuroD , Hes6-1 , and MyT1 suggesting that Notch may act to inhibit both Ngn3 gene expression and protein function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, two pancreas-related transcription factor genes, Nr5a2 and Pdx, exhibited multi-regional expression along the Ciona juvenile intestines. (bvsalud.org)
  • To further investigate the ancestral roles of NK family genes, we analyzed the expression patterns of NKL genes in the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, future studies should focus on the expression of these genes in other bilaterians, which would provide a basis for comparative studies and might help to better understand the role of NK genes in the diversification of bilaterians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This work demonstrates that this I-SceI transgenesis technique, when coupled with an understanding of chromatin accessibility, can be a powerful tool for studying how evolutionary changes in gene regulatory mechanisms contributed to the diversification of body plans in deuterostomes. (stanford.edu)
  • Nakajima Y, Moriyama M, Hattori M, Minato N, Nakanishi S . Isolation of ON bipolar cell genes via hrGFP-coupled cell enrichment using the mGluR6 promoter. (neurotree.org)
  • Meanwhile, the intervention of ginsenoside Rg1-CNV promoted the demethylation of H3K27me3 within the promoter region of VEGF-A and Jagged1 genes and reduced the H3K27me3 modification within this region. (cbinsights.com)
  • Major activities therefore focus on understanding genetic and genomic architecture of naturally stress tolerant species using whole transcriptomic profiling, functional characterisation of abiotic stress responsive genes and transgenic characterization of selected genes in limited field trials. (mssrf.org)
  • Computational analyses successively led to the identification of the race 1-specific gene Ave1 . (uu.nl)
  • Our comparative analyses show that, among different tissues, the neural crest exhibits a particularly high rate of gene emergence during vertebrate evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Structural characteristics of downstream effector gene cassettes and their control functions. (nature.com)
  • Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • RNA sequencing, shRNA knockdown, and chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing were performed to detect the target genes of ginsenoside Rg1-CNV that regulate angiogenesis. (cbinsights.com)
  • In collaboration with Melvin Bolton (USDA, Fargo) we used bioinformatics to infer the evolutionary history of toxin biosynthetic gene clusters in the sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola . (uu.nl)
  • The lack of comparative data for many of the remaining NKL genes, including Bari , Hhex and Nedx currently hampers further evolutionary conclusions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The smallest region of amplification comprises 3 genes: BCL2L1, ID1 and HM13. (vub.be)
  • The NKL gene complement of E. rowelli comprises eight genes, including BarH , Bari , Emx , Hhex , Nedx , NK2.1 , vax and NK2.2 , of which only NK2.2 was studied previously. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 were found to trigger endogenous expression of pluripotent genes [2] and were identified as PTFs due to their ability to access closed chromatin [3] . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • In these processes, Hes genes function as effectors of Notch signaling, which coordinates cellular events via cell-cell interactions. (biologists.com)
  • Examination of gene expression in st. 43 AC/AE explants by RT-PCR reveals expression of liver (fabp1), intestine (fabp2), pancreas (pdia2 and pdx1 , but not ins and amy2a), thyroid/lung (nkx2-1) as well as ventricular cardiomyocyte (myl3) markers. (xenbase.org)
  • In addition, the co-culture format induced a significant increase in the expression of liver genes compared to mESCs cultured alone. (ca.gov)
  • In the development of the gastrointestinal tract, genes for the pancreas-related transcription factors, namely Ptf1a, Nr5a2, and Pdx, are expressed near the stomach. (bvsalud.org)
  • When caspase activity was impaired, genes known to be involved in metamorphosis were downregulated along with other implicated in cell migration and survival molecular pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although these genes are found in various metazoans, plants, fungi and even unicellular eukaryotes, bilaterians have evolved the largest diversity of homeobox genes that arose predominantly due to extensive tandem duplications [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we show that Myt1 can partially overcome the repressive effect of activated Notch on endocrine gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A gene regulatory network directed by zebrafish No tail accounts for its roles in mesoderm formation. (nature.com)
  • We will mainly focus on the roles of the mouse Hes genes, but also compare them with the zebrafish Hes genes (called the her family of genes)( Table 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • Using a sequential blast pipeline, we phylogenetically classified these genes, as well as those associated with other tissues, in order to define tissue-specific profiles of gene emergence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Key genes are color coded based on regional expression from fate map in (E). (E) Enriched expression of Sox17 -regulated transcripts. (xenbase.org)
  • Eukaryotes have a mechanism termed alternative polyadenylation (APA), which allows the selective use of PAS in genes containing multiple PAS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Then, bioinformatic analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism of action of epigenetic modifying enzymes in regulating target genes. (cbinsights.com)
  • A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Wnt signaling regulates β-catenin-mediated gene transcription and planar cell polarity (PCP). (silverchair.com)
  • A,B) Marker gene analysis in Gata4 -expressing animal caps. (xenbase.org)
  • We used root cell-type specific gene expression analysis following beneficial bacterium application to uncover a role for root hairs and the endodermis in establishing an optimal plant-beneficial bacterium association. (uu.nl)
  • Peter, I. S. & Davidson, E. H. Modularity and design principles in the sea urchin embryo gene regulatory network. (nature.com)
  • Activated Notch1 could also block endocrine development and gene expression induced by NeuroD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A conserved role in neural development has also been reported from NK2.2 , suggesting that the NKL genes might have been primarily involved in neural development in the last common ancestor of bilaterians or at least nephrozoans (all bilaterians excluding xenacoelomorphs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene symbols, accession ids and various other target identifiers. (nih.gov)
  • Total count of NCBI Gene Reference Into Function hits for target listed in parenthesis, and summary table with links to publications per PMID with the specific text in article that includes the reported target. (nih.gov)
  • Functional characterization and cross-phyla comparisons of these putative regulatory elements will enable a better understanding of enhancer evolution, and subsequently how changes in gene regulation give rise to morphological innovation. (stanford.edu)
  • We alter the deficiency by infecting the SFTPB deficient iPSCs with a lentivirus carrying the wild type SFTPB gene. (nature.com)