Genes defensins. Medical search. Frequent questions

only coined the term "plant defensin," after comparison of a new class of plant antifungal peptides with known insect defensins. (frontiersin.org)
From there, many plant defensins have been reported and studies on this class of peptides encompass its activity toward microorganisms and molecular features of the mechanism of action against bacteria and fungi. (frontiersin.org)
Defensins are small cationic peptides of 45-54 amino acid residues with a conserved signature of cysteines, which can form three to four disulfide bridges. (frontiersin.org)
renamed these peptides as "plant defensins," after comparing their structural and functional resemblance to previously characterized AMPs found in insects and mammals. (frontiersin.org)
ERAP1 is a gene that encodes an endoplasmic reticulum amino peptidase, which acts on amino acid terminals in peptides that are then involved in HLA class I molecules, affecting their length for optimum major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I binding. (medscape.com)
GENTAUR supplies anti-defensins, monclonals, polyclonals antisera and recombinant DEFs or peptides of defensin. (gentaur.com)
Constitutively produced or induced in inflammatory conditions, human beta-defensins (HβDs) are cationic peptides involved in host defenses against bacteria, viruses and fungi. (oncotarget.com)
Defensins and cathelicidins constitute the two major groups of antimicrobial peptides in most mammalian species. (vin.com)
The most abundant group of antimicrobial peptides is comprised by the α-, β- and θ-defensins. (vin.com)
β-defensins are small (3.5-4.5 kDa) highly basic cationic peptides. (vin.com)
Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. (antikoerper-online.de)
Production of beta-defensin antimicrobial peptides by the oral mucosa and salivary glands. (lookformedical.com)
beta-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that are produced by epithelia at mucosal surfaces. (lookformedical.com)
In this study, we characterized the expression of HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNAs within the major salivary glands, tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa and detected beta-defensin peptides in salivary secretions. (lookformedical.com)
beta-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that may play a role in mucosal defenses of several organs. (lookformedical.com)

C) Heat map based on log (2 -∆∆Ct ) comparing gene expression levels for markers of differentiated small intestinal epithelial cells between undifferentiated and 4-day differentiated HIE monolayers. (cdc.gov)
human, mouse or other beta β- and alpha α- defensins are expressed by neutrophils ( α- ), lymphocytes and epithelial cells. (gentaur.com)
alpha, beta, theta (circle w/horizontal line)] Mammalian defensins are endogenous cysteine-rich peptide antibiotics classically produced either by epithelial cells of the respiratory, urogenital and digestive tracts, or by circulating cells including granulocytes and macrophages. (vin.com)
Epithelial β-defensins constitute a rapidly mobilized local defense against microbial intruders at the epithelial and mucosal surfaces, and different studies have reported induction of epithelial β-defensins at sites of inflammation, injury, infection as well as other disease processes. (vin.com)
This gene encodes defensin, beta 103B, which has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and may play an important role in innate epithelial defense. (antikoerper-online.de)
DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells. (lookformedical.com)
Because beta-defensins are salt-sensitive epithelial products, we looked for pulmonary beta-defensin expression. (lookformedical.com)
The aims of this project were to a) create the single-gene mutants by site-directed mutagenesis, b) characterize the discovered genes by testing the created mutants in the established in vitro human epithelial cells (e.g. (tmu.edu.tw)
Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
RNAseq analysis of bronchial epithelial cells to identify COPD-associated genes and SNPs. (medscape.com)

Cloning and characterization of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase2A-encoding gene IbPP2A1 from Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (tubitak.gov.tr)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. (antikoerper-online.de)
Human papillomavirus oncogenic E6 protein regulates human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) expression via the tumor suppressor protein p53. (antikoerper-online.de)
That process identified "61 protein-coding and 33 noncoding loci that map better to this finished chromosome 8 sequence than to GRCh38, including the discovery of novel genes mapping to copy number polymorphic regions," they report. (pacb.com)
Beta-defensin 5(Defb5) is a recombinant protein expressed in E. coli. (b-defensin.com)
Thus, it has evolved a protection mechanism against heat stress by increasing the expression of the gene coding for heat shock protein (HSP) 70 under elevated temperatures. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes related to the innate immune system, including alpha-defensin, calcium-binding proteins S100A9 and S100A8, were upregulated in young rats, whereas genes related to the adaptive immune system, including CD3 molecules, zeta-chain T-cell receptor-associated protein kinase and linker of activated T-cells, were upregulated in the adult. (ku.dk)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
Pansensitive and panresistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs with concordant mRNA and protein expression were identified. (cdc.gov)

Several human alpha defensin genes including HNP4 are clustered on chromosome 8. (wikipedia.org)
The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes on chromosome 11. (cancerindex.org)
But the chromosome is also home to "one of the most structurally dynamic regions in the human genome-the β-defensin gene cluster located at 8p23.1-as well as a neocentromere located at 8q21.2, which have been largely unresolved for the last 20 years," the scientists write. (pacb.com)
In the last decade, the study of local co-expression of neighboring genes along the chromosome has become a question of major importance in cancer biology [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The beta-defensin genes mapped closely on rat chromosome 16 and were closely linked to the alpha-defensins genes, suggesting that they are part of a gene cluster, similar to the organization reported for humans. (lookformedical.com)
The main inherited disorder predisposing to development CCRCC is von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, which involves a germline mutation of the VHL gene at chromosome 3p25. (medscape.com)

The enzyme is involved in wound healing, and studies in mice suggest that it regulates the activity of defensins in intestinal mucosa. (cancerindex.org)
In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)

Mucin serves as an antibacterial shield that prevents the binding of pathogenic bacteria, while defensins are antibacterial proteins. (deflame.com)
Genes implicated in atopic dermatitis are those encoding epidermal and immunologic proteins. (msdmanuals.com)
Neutrophils from these individuals have abnormalities in nuclear morphology and lack primary, specific, and tertiary granule proteins including lactoferrin, collagenase, and defensins. (lu.se)

β-defensin-1 mRNA expression has been identified in the heart of mice (murine beta-defensin-1, mBD1), pig (porcine beta-defensin-1, pBD1), and horse (equine beta-defensin-1, eBD1). (vin.com)
Defensin mRNA expression was quantitated by RNase protection assays. (lookformedical.com)
Expression levels of mRNA of on left Y-axis defensin α1, defensin α3 (DEFA1, 3), and on right y-axis CD177, PR3 (PRTN3), and defensin α4 (DEFA4), BPI, and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) were measured by q-PCR. (figshare.com)

Human Beta-defensin 114 (DEFB114) ELISA Kit is manufactured by highest quality antibodies and plates to provide you with excellent and reproducible results in your work. (b-defensin.com)
Human Beta-defensin 114 (DEFB114) ELISA Kit recommended temperature for storage is 4° C . Stored proparly at temperature between 2 - 8°C the ELISA kit can be used witin the expiration date( less than 5% loss rate). (b-defensin.com)

Furthermore, based on differentially expressed genes and WGCNA analyses, we found that the hypoxia signaling pathway was enriched under heat shock conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

Alpha-defensin 1-3 (DEFA1A3) is an antimicrobial peptide found in phagocytic cells such as neutrophils, functioning as an effector factor in innate immunity. (ecco-ibd.eu)
DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal PANETH CELLS. (lookformedical.com)

Members of the defensin family are distinguished by a conserved six-cysteine motif. (wikipedia.org)
β-defensins are structurally defined by the conserved cysteine-rich motif forming three disulphide bonds, which stabilize a β-sheet formation. (vin.com)
The predicted prepropeptides were strongly cationic, were 69 and 63 residues in length for RBD-1 and RBD-2, respectively, and contained the six-cysteine motif characteristic of beta-defensins. (lookformedical.com)

This gene encodes a member of the peptidase M10 family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). (cancerindex.org)

Molecular cloning and characterization of rat genes encoding homologues of human beta-defensins. (lookformedical.com)
After comprehensive characterization of these unreported genes, their representative mutants can be promising candidates to develop novel strategies for prevention (e.g. oral vaccines) and treatment (e.g. targeted drug vectors) of non-typhoidal salmonellosis. (tmu.edu.tw)

Defensin, alpha 4 (DEFA4), also known as neutrophil defensin 4 or HNP4, is a human defensin peptide that is encoded by the DEFA4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
DEFA4 differs from other defensin genes by an extra 83-base segment that is apparently the result of a recent duplication within the coding region. (wikipedia.org)

The three innate gene markers: Beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1), CD14 (CD14), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and five acquired gene markers: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) Interleukin 1 (IL1), Interleukin 6 (IL6) Interleukin 17A (IL17A) Matrix Metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) have different variations in degree of severity in association with inflammatory disease processes. (oraldna.com)
HBEpCs overexpressing DEFB1 caused a significant reduction in IAV, that was confirmed by IAV matrix gene analysis, plaque assay, and confocal microscopy. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that beta-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)

More recently, however, β-defensins have also been identified in the heart of different species. (vin.com)
Both beta-defensins and their signaling molecules, Toll-Like Receptors, have been identified in the heart of various species. (vin.com)
They have been isolated in several species, and in humans, two beta-defensins have been identified. (lookformedical.com)
The genes in these primate CNV formation hotspots have significant differential expression levels between species and show evidence for positive selection, indicating that they have evolved under species-specific, directional selection. (biomedcentral.com)

Our research aimed to use synthetized aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs) to induce the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP) to minimize the necessity of antibiotic use during infection. (researchgate.net)
An investigation of human beta-defensins and cathelicidin expression in patients with pterygium. (antikoerper-online.de)
the defensins and cathelicidin. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite the low level of amino acid sequence identity between defensins, their three dimensional structures are remarkably similar between different plant defensins ( Pelegrini and Franco, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)

It has been successfully used to illustrate the role of mechanisms such as copy number variation (CNV) or epigenetic alterations as factors that may significantly alter expression in large chromosomal regions (gene silencing or gene activation). (biomedcentral.com)
The identification of correlated regions requires segmenting the gene expression correlation matrix into regions of homogeneously correlated genes and assessing whether the observed local correlation is significantly higher than the background chromosomal correlation. (biomedcentral.com)

Experimentally confirmed target genes were identified for the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, from which proliferation genes were selected from CRISPR-Cas9/RNA interference (RNAi) screening assays. (cdc.gov)

Probiotics may also influence gene expression in pathogenic bacteria and thereby reduce their virulence. (deflame.com)

MEFV gene mutations, seen in persons with Mediterranean fever, are increased in persons with Behçet disease. (medscape.com)

Cystic fibrosis mice have been generated by gene targeting but show little lung disease without repeated exposure to bacteria. (lookformedical.com)

Defensins are a peptide family of cytotoxic microbicides involved in innate immunity. (wikipedia.org)
The β-defensin cluster plays a key role in innate immunity and structural variation in this region has long been implicated in human disease. (pacb.com)

GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)

A total of 260 age-related genes were identified, of which 51 genes were involved in the middle ear mucosal immune system. (ku.dk)

From these results, it is evident that not all heat-inducible genes were triggered simultaneously in response to heat shock stress. (biomedcentral.com)
To test whether beta-defensin expression was inducible, gingival keratinocyte cell cultures were treated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. (lookformedical.com)

B) Analysis of stem cell proliferation marker gene LGR5 expression by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in undifferentiated HIEs. (cdc.gov)

Na(+) influx via Orai1 inhibits intracellular ATP-induced mTORC2 signaling to disrupt CD4 T cell gene expression and differentiation. (nih.gov)

The scientists also tackled that persnickety β-defensin gene cluster, "which we resolved into a single 7.06 Mbp locus-substantially larger than the 4.56 Mbp region in the current human reference genome," they note. (pacb.com)
Twelve of these new genes were uncovered in that tricky β-defensin locus alone. (pacb.com)

How Can Defensins have a Role in Plant Defense? (frontiersin.org)
A total of twenty genes functioning in different aspects of plant defense that were monitored over a time course during the changing infection phases showed a coordinated response. (nature.com)

Less ROS accumulation, upregulation of ROS signaling genes and higher antioxidant enzyme activities post BNS resulted in resistance. (nature.com)
There was greater accumulation of secondary metabolites and upregulation of secondary metabolite-related genes after BNS. (nature.com)
Patients also showed an upregulation of the antimicrobial alpha-defensins, as well as differences in expression patterns of genes involved in NF-κB signaling and Cytokine Production. (kcl.ac.uk)

Human enteric defensins. (wikipedia.org)
The human gene has been cloned by Jia et al (2001) who referred to it as HBD-3 and reported induction of defensin-beta-3 in fetal lung tissue by IL1-beta . (copewithcytokines.org)
This gene exhibits elevated expression levels in multiple human cancers. (cancerindex.org)
Rats genes from rodents of the genus Rattus norvegicus are often studied in vivo as a model of human genes in Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats. (b-defensin.com)
The gene product is synthesized as a propeptide and is referred to as human cationic antimicrobial peptide-18 (hCAP-18/LL-37). (biomedcentral.com)
Two human beta-defensins, HBD-1 and HBD-2, were discovered in 1995 and 1997, respectively. (lookformedical.com)
Human beta-defensins may play an important role in the innate defenses against oral microorganisms. (lookformedical.com)
One gene was highly similar to the human beta-defensin-1 (HBD-1) gene and mouse beta-defensin-1 gene at both the nucleic acid and amino acid levels and was termed rat beta-defensin-1 (RBD-1). (lookformedical.com)

The activation of the TLRs and the NF- κ B pathway is responsible for the induction of the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes, including beta-defensins. (vin.com)
It detects Beta-defensin 114 with high sensitivity of Request Information. (b-defensin.com)
Pre-incubation of MEC with Pam2CSK4 enhanced baseline and induced expression of bactericidal (beta-defensin;SLPI) and membrane protecting factors (SAA3, TGM3), while reducing the expression of cytokine-and chemokine-encoding genes (TNF, IL1 beta) after a subsequent pathogen challenge, the latter, however, not as efficiently as after LPS priming. (uni-muenchen.de)
Here, we report the identification of two genes encoding beta-defensin homologues in the rat. (lookformedical.com)
The antimicrobial peptide, beta-defensin-1, has antiviral activity against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. (cdc.gov)

gene symbol (e.g. (genscript.com)

The IMPC applies a panel of phenotyping screens to characterise single-gene knockout mice by comparison to wild types. (mousephenotype.org)

One important strategy for studying these dynamic but highly regulated host defenses is to observe gene expression patterns in the host 5 . (nature.com)

Other genes were found to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease through defects in sensing and processing of signals that are related to regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
Genes related to the innate immune system are upregulated in young rats, whereas genes related to the adaptive immune system are upregulated in adults. (ku.dk)

Complementary DNA microarray technology was used to identify immune-related genes differentially expressed between the normal middle ear mucosa of young (10 days old) and adult rats (80 days old). (ku.dk)

Plant defensins exhibit a conserved tertiary structure that consists of a triple-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and one α-helix that are stabilized into a compact shape by the disulfide bridges. (frontiersin.org)

A comprehensive evaluation of potential lung function associated genes in the spirometa general population sample. (nottingham.ac.uk)
There have been significant advances in the genetic epidemiology of lung function, but the causal genetic variants and causal genes, and the mechanisms by which they influence lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases remain incompletely understood. (nottingham.ac.uk)
From the list of genes that were targeted by the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, DGKE and WDR47 had significant associations with responses to both systemic therapies and radiotherapy in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
Elevated α-defensin levels in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. (medscape.com)

Copy number variation due to polymorphism or to genomic instability in cancer is also a possible cause for observing a correlation between neighboring genes [ 1 ], as their expressions are likely to be affected by the same copy number variation (CNV). (biomedcentral.com)

The MICA allele is a polymorphic MHC class I-related A gene ( MICA ) family. (medscape.com)
Member of the p53 family, TP63 gene gives rise to transcripts that encode either full-length isoforms containing an amino-transactivation (TA) domain (TAp63) or truncated isoforms that lacks this TA domain (ΔNp63). (oncotarget.com)

Addressing problems ( i ) and ( ii ) is crucial to fully understand transcriptional deregulation and/or to model gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)

To our knowledge, this is the only pathway which has been described as a route for β-defensin production. (vin.com)
The Nrf2 genetic pathway turns on over 400 transcription genes such as GSTP1, which is related to detoxification. (oraldna.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs9

Phenomena and Processes2

Information Science2

Peptides15

Epithelial10

Protein11

Chromosome6

Regulates2

Proteins3

MRNA3

ELISA Kit2

Differentially expressed genes1

Neutrophils2

Motif3

Encodes1

Characterization2

DEFA42

DEFB13

Species4

Cathelicidin3

Sequence1

Chromosomal2

Assays1

Virulence1

Mutations1

Bacteria1

Innate immunity2

Endogenous1

Mucosal1

Inducible2

Proliferation1

Differentiation1

Locus2

Plant Defense2

Upregulation3

Human8

Beta5

Symbol1

Mice1

Defenses1

Adaptive2

Rats1

Tertiary1

Lung4

Genomic1

Family2

Regulation2

Pathway2