Genes cytokinin and auxin. Medical search. Frequent questions

We characterize early patterning during de novo development of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem using fluorescent reporters of known gene and protein activities required for shoot meristem development and maintenance. (biologists.com)
For example, cytokinins have been described to induce resistance against Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. (wikipedia.org)
In the course of my investigations, I identified specific type-A ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), which negatively regulate cytokinin signalling, as putative WOX4 targets. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Among them, class A genes, such as APETALA1 ( AP1 ) in Arabidopsis , specify the outer-most floral organs, the sepals. (biomedcentral.com)
The diverse salt stress response of Arabidopsis ctr1-1 and ein2-1 ethylene signaling mutants is linked to altered root auxin homeostasis. (ugent.be)
abstract = "Auxin and cytokinin are key hormonal signals that control the cellular architecture of the primary root and the initiation of new lateral root organs in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (edu.sa)
In this study, we built gene networks to identify common regulators of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana using promoting or delaying senescence genes in LSD. (jipb.net)
Li Z, Peng J, Wen X, Guo H (2012) Gene network analysis and functional studies of senescence-associated genes reveal novel regulators of Arabidopsis leaf senescence. (jipb.net)
The Arabidopsis CROWDED NUCLEI genes regulate seed germination by modulating degradation of ABI5 protein [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
In addition to stimulating Pi metabolism, P. indica also enhances the expression of genes for nitrate reductase and the starch-degrading enzyme glucan-water dikinase in Arabidopsis roots [ 17 ] suggesting a strong fungal influence on the plant primary metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade by H 2 O 2 and subsequent upregulation of specific stress-related genes in Arabidopsis is a perfect example of ROS-mediated stress-response [ 5 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
2.Richard C,Lescot M，Inzé D,et al.Effect of auxin,cytokinin,and sucrose on cell cycle gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures［J］.Plant cell,Tissue and Organ Cult,2002,69(2):167-176. (nefu.edu.cn)
12.RiouKhamlichi C,Huntley R,Jacqmard A,et al.Cytokinin activation of Arabidopsis cell division through a Dtype cyclin［J］.Science,1999,283(5407):1541-1544. (nefu.edu.cn)
We detected several other auxin related genes, including the pair of Gm09g38700 considering and Glyma18g47630 paralogs Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries that are homologs of Arabidopsis PIN FORMED 5, which is required for auxin homoeostasis and gametophyte development. (plcsignaling.com)
In contrast, the 539 hypocotyl PEGs were enriched for an auxin mediated signaling pathway, and or Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries photo morphogenesis, including homologs of the Arabidopsis NON PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 gene. (plcsignaling.com)
For instance, the PEGs included several homologs of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE that specify the reproductive organ identity and control flowering time in Arabidopsis and rice and genes involvement in WUSCHEL regulatory network essential for SAM maintenance. (plcsignaling.com)
We also found homologs of genes for auxin synthesis and response, such as YUCCA4, in accordance with the fact that the Arabidopsis YUCCA4 expression is restricted to the SAM and flower meristems or young floral primordia, as well so as 20 genes related to auxin responsive genes regulating SAM development. (plcsignaling.com)
Unlike the expression of Arabidopsis MS5 and MMD1 genes restricted in meiocytes, the soybean homologs showed high expression in AM, suggesting a possible unknown function in soybean. (plcsignaling.com)

But other hormones, like cytokinins, brassinosteroids, auxins and gibberellins, has also been associated with the response to abiotic stresses. (upm.es)
Subsequently, we have discussed the crosstalk among them, followed by crosstalk with growth promoting hormones (gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins). (beds.ac.uk)

The objective of this study was to determined content and, where possible, associated expression of genes limiting biosynthesis and catabolism of some of these hormones in potato tuber for coordination with established wound-healing processes. (usda.gov)
Wound-induced activation of cytokinin biosynthesis was suggested by the appearance of precursors (trans) zeatin riboside and (cis) zeatin riboside (t-ZR and c-ZR respectively) at 0.5 d and large increases in IPA and c-ZR by 3 d and throughout 7 d after wounding. (usda.gov)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
Over the last 15 years I have developed a research pathway in auxin biosynthesis going back to my degree and PhD work at the Technical University of Munich where I studied the nitrilase pathway in maize auxin biosynthesis and maize tryptophan synthase complex. (brookes.ac.uk)
My additional independent research on ER localisation and splicing in auxin biosynthesis showed for the first time ER-localisation for an auxin biosynthetic protein. (brookes.ac.uk)
Based on this work I won a fellowship from the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies to investigate the subcellular localisation of maize auxin biosynthesis at Dankook University in Seoul which lead to a publication that showed for the first time that both steps of the TAA/YUC pathway of auxin biosynthesis can be ER-localised. (brookes.ac.uk)
Auxin biosynthesis is a two-step process: First, tryptophan is converted to indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) through the activity of the TAA1 (TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1) family of aminotransferase enzymes. (plantae.org)
Auxin is regulated at the level of biosynthesis, different receptors, and domain segregation. (plantae.org)
Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, mRNA transcript levels of some hormone genes (ABA 8'-hydroxylase, adenylate isopentenyltransferase (AIPT3), auxin-related protein (AUX/ IAA), MeJA biosynthesis and gibberellin 20-oxidase and NRAMP2 gene known to be involved in Cd transport, were detected. (tubitak.gov.tr)
According to the results, while ABA 8'-hydroxylase, gibberellin 20-oxidase, and NRAMP2 genes were overexpressed in all stress treatments, AIPT3 and AUX/IAA genes were down-regulated and also, MeJA biosynthesis gene varied depending on dose and stress. (tubitak.gov.tr)

A higher ratio of cytokinin induces growth of shoot buds, while a higher ratio of auxin induces root formation. (wikipedia.org)
A transient enhancement of auxin in relation to cytokinin levels induces root formation while the opposite shift results in shoot formation. (cas.cz)

To test my hypothesis, I investigated which genes of the auxin and cytokinin pathways are regulated by WOX4, also in comparison to WUSCHEL, a stem cell regulator of the shoot apical meristem. (uni-heidelberg.de)
The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin (CK) work either antagonistically or synergistically to regulate several critical development pathways such as meristem formation and maintenance. (plantae.org)
Further research will identify new genes and useful pathways that can be engineered into plants. (istudy.pk)
We are especially interested in the study of pathways and mechanisms down-regulating cytokinin concentrations in plant cells. (cas.cz)

Cytokinins are naturally occurring phytohormones that act in concert with auxins to regulate cell division and differentiation and thus efficiently control plant growth and development. (cas.cz)
Our research is focused on the metabolic regulation of intra- and extracellular levels of cytokinins and their cooperation with auxins and other phytohormones to understand cytokinin's physiological role in plants. (cas.cz)

I then hypothesized that this network could consist of two mutually inhibitory auxin and cytokinin signalling pathway components. (uni-heidelberg.de)
The majority of the gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment responses were for membrane-building and ploidy-related processes, consistent with the excessive floral organs and altered cell size observed in the mutant. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the involvement of some plant hormones (abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) in the regulation of wound-induced suberization has been determined, quantitative information on the remaining classical plant hormones (cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin content) in resting and wound-responding potato tuber is lacking. (usda.gov)
The plant hormones cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin are crucial during root development. (stackexchange.com)

In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under drought and flooding conditions were investigated using Illumina RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling. (frontiersin.org)
Among them, 18,489 were identified as differentially expressed genes between the two libraries according to comparative transcript profiling. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a network reconstruction algorithm, we predict that known chloroplast gene expression regulators are differentially involved across those developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
In total, RNA-seq identified 692, 1076, 648, and 934 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to HP1/LP1 and HP2/LP2 under P-stress and control conditions, respectively, while 761 and 860 DEGs common for HP1/LP1 and HP2/LP2 under both conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytokinins (CK) are a class of plant hormones that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. (wikipedia.org)
While cytokinin action in vascular plants is described as pleiotropic, this class of plant hormones specifically induces the transition from apical growth to growth via a three-faced apical cell in moss protonema. (wikipedia.org)
Despite the large economic and nutritional importance of tuber wound-healing, little is known about the induction of hormones that regulate molecular mechanisms and related genes controlling these processes and how they are expressed during the two major stages of wound-induced suberization, i.e. closing layer formation followed by wound periderm formation. (usda.gov)
Our results demonstrated that plant hormones cytokinin, auxin, nitric oxide as well as small molecules, such as Ca 2+ , delay leaf senescence. (jipb.net)
The hormones include strigolactones (SLs) and cytokinins (CKs), which are made throughout the plant and move upward from root to shoot. (europa.eu)
Later, in the early 20th century, scientists identified auxins as the plant hormones responsible for phototropism. (wellbeingport.com)
At higher concentrations of both hormones, these antagonistic interactions between cytokinin and auxin are absent. (answerlib.org)
Cytokinins are essential plant hormones. (answerlib.org)
We focus on the plant hormones auxins and cytokinins. (cas.cz)

Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)
Further, 21 candidate genes within three potentially novel QTLs were identified, they were mainly involved in the regulation of phytohormone, cell division and proliferation, meristem development, plant or organ development, and carbohydrate transport. (biomedcentral.com)
QTLs and candidate genes detected in our study for yield-related traits under stripe rust stress will facilitate elucidating genetic basis of yield-related trait and could be used in marker-assisted selection in wheat yield breeding. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, LSD can serve as a comprehensive resource for systematic study of the molecular mechanism of leaf senescence as well as offer candidate genes for functional analyses. (jipb.net)
In this study, six genes ( BnaA04g23490D, BnaA09g08440D, BnaA09g04320D, BnaA09g04350D, BnaA09g04930D, BnaA09g09290D ) that showed differential expression were identified as promising candidate genes for the target traits. (biomedcentral.com)
11 QTL clusters and 12 candidate genes associated with root and development under LP stress were identified in this study. (biomedcentral.com)

We then use our model to generate testable predictions concerning the effect of varying the concentrations of the auxin efflux transporters on the sizes of the different root regions. (edu.sa)

Abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), cytokinin, zeatin, and jasmonic acid contents and gene expressions related to them were investigated. (tubitak.gov.tr)

Overexpression of ZmWUS1-B is due to multimerized binding sites for type-B RESPONSE REGULATORs (RRs), key transcription factors in cytokinin signaling. (nature.com)
There were 29 MADS-box genes, as well as a large number of floral-related regulators and hormone-responsive genes, considered as candidates regulating floral patterning of C. goeringii . (biomedcentral.com)
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotides (nt) long and widely exist as gene regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
The expectation of ensuring food security at multiple levels includes the introduction of new technologies, genetic manipulation of relevant genes along with application of growth regulators in the agricultural sectors. (mdpi.com)

These genes comprise 289 Transcription Factors (TFs) representing Basic Helix-loop Helix (bHLH), Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs), myeloblastosis (MYB), No apical meristem (NAC), and WRKY amino acid motif (WRKY) type major families known to be involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)

Cytokinins act in concert with auxin, another plant growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokinins are involved in many plant processes, including cell division and shoot and root morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokinins have been shown to slow aging of plant organs by preventing protein breakdown, activating protein synthesis, and assembling nutrients from nearby tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokinins have recently been found to play a role in plant pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Also in context of biological control of plant diseases cytokinins seem to have potential functions. (wikipedia.org)
Selective auxin agonists induce specific AUX/IAA protein degradation to modulate plant development. (cas.cz)
Collectively, these results unraveled a novel and broad role of PI3K in plant immunity which promoted stomatal closure and PR gene expression possibly via regulating ROS production. (frontiersin.org)
Even H2O and NaCl can form dendrites similar to plant roots, so fractal genes have an fairly simple basis. (stackexchange.com)
Auxin transport and response requirements for root hydrotropism differ between plant species. (yamagata-u.ac.jp)
Auxin was the first phytohormone to be discovered and it has been found to have a role in nearly every aspect of plant growth and development. (plantae.org)
Some plant miRNA families have many members, and their mature miRNAs often have multiple target genes having similar complementary sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
The first step in genetically engineering a plant is to identify a gene that will confer a specific desirable trait on the plant. (istudy.pk)
In addition, such genes may play other roles in plant physiology or development. (istudy.pk)
As more research into plant physiology occurs, more genes can be identified that increase the value of a crop. (istudy.pk)
Scientists have exploited this genetic transfer in order to get genes with desired properties into plant cells. (istudy.pk)
The same inducers activate expression of the virulence genes on the Ti plasmid that are responsible for DNA transfer to the plant. (istudy.pk)
Plant leaf senescence has been recognized as the last phase of plant development, a highly ordered process regulated by genes known as senescence associated genes (SAGs). (jipb.net)
Sustained bud activity appears to depend on the establishment of the export of a third hormone, auxin, from the bud into the main stem, where it joins the polar auxin transport stream down the plant to the roots. (europa.eu)
b) The biolistic gun has been developed to introduce rDNA into mainly plant cells by using a gene / particle gun. (mcqexams.com)
Does cytokinins affect plant growth? (answerlib.org)
Thus, plant responses to abiotic stresses also comprise different regulatory gene networks involving specific set of TFs. (upm.es)
5.Dahl M,Meskiene I,Bögre L,et al.The D-Type alfalfa cyclin gene cycMs4 complements G1 cyclin deficient yeast and is induced in the G1 phase of the cell cycle［J］.Plant Cell,1995,7(11):1847-1857. (nefu.edu.cn)
Polar auxin transport (PAT) is the process, in which plant hormone auxin is transported in a cell-to-cell manner. (cas.cz)
The reason why PAT plays a very important role in plant development is that it helps to establish auxin concentration gradients that subsequently regulate gene expression and also many other post-translational processes. (cas.cz)
We research how the transport and metabolism of cytokinins affect their dynamic distribution in plants and what plant responses they trigger. (cas.cz)

therefore, it is imperative to assess the expression of genes involved in response to flood and drought stress. (frontiersin.org)
The changes in expression of genes involved in regulating the flux of cell wall precursors and starch/sugar content can serve as an adaptive mechanism for soybean survival under stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)

In conclusion, this study suggests that a mechanism of cell fate decision making in vascular cambium stem cells is based on the regulation of cytokinin signalling by WOX4 and by type-A ARRs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
However, functional genomic studies and the gene discovery associated with floral pattern regulation remains greatly limited in C. goeringii [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this paper, sub-cellular and multi-cellular mathematical models are developed to investigate how interactions between auxin and cytokinin influence the size and location of regions of division and differentiation within the primary root, and describe how their cross-regulation may cause periodic branching of lateral roots. (edu.sa)
Expression profiles from the roots of wrky6 seedlings identified genes involved in hormone metabolism, transport, meristem, cell and plastid proliferation, and growth regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to ascertain the function of sucrose-phosphate synthase genes（ SPS ）in the regulation of sweet cherry ripening,four full-length cDNA of sweet cherry SPS genes（ PavSPSA1 , PavSPSA2 , PavSPSB ,and PavSPSC ）were cloned in sweet cherry genome. (ahs.ac.cn)
Furthermore,we used TRV-mediated virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS）to evaluate the function of PavSPSA1 , PavSPSA2 , PavSPSB ,and PavSPSC in the regulation of ripening. (ahs.ac.cn)
Taken together,our findings determined that PavSPSA1 may be a key gene regulating sucrose synthesis and accumulation in sweet cherry fruit and play an indispensable role in the regulation of sweet cherry fruit ripening and softening. (ahs.ac.cn)
We focus on the molecular mechanism of polar auxin transport and on the ways of its regulation. (cas.cz)

There are two types of cytokinins: adenine-type cytokinins represented by kinetin, zeatin, and 6-benzylaminopurine, and phenylurea-type cytokinins like diphenylurea and thidiazuron (TDZ). (wikipedia.org)
The first naturally occurring cytokinin was isolated and crystallised simultaneously by Miller and D.S. Lethum (1963-65) from the milky endosperm of corn (Zea mays) and named Zeatin. (wikipedia.org)
As a result of the study, we determined that there was a significant decrease in the content of IAA, GA, SA, cytokinin, zeatin, and jasmonic acid with increasing doses of drought and Cd. (tubitak.gov.tr)

Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Our recent research is focused on understanding how plasma membrane-located and endomembrane auxin transporters contribute to the overall auxin homeostasis within the cells. (cas.cz)

This study has revealed the involvement of TFs, transporters, and photosynthetic genes, and has also given a glimpse of hormonal cross talk under the extreme water regimes, which will aid as an important resource for soybean crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)

Using a multi-cellular model, we also analyse the roles of cytokinin and auxin in specifying the three main regions of the primary root (elongation, transition and division zones), our simulation results being in good agreement with independent experimental observations. (edu.sa)

miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. (sdstate.edu)

It was hypothesized that cytokinin may affect enzymes that regulate protein synthesis and degradation. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, findings in this study propose that WOX4 itself is regulated by cytokinin via the DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGER 2.1 (DOF2.1) protein. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Next, VirA transfers the phosphate to the DNA-binding protein, VirG, which activates transcription of the vir genes of the Ti plasmid. (istudy.pk)
Furthermore, elevated Ca 2+ levels can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs) or phosphatases that in turn can phosphorylate/dephosphorylate specific transcription factors, thus, regulating expression levels of stress-responsive genes [ 2 ]. (beds.ac.uk)

citation needed] This theory states that auxin from apical buds travels down shoots to inhibit axillary bud growth. (wikipedia.org)
The cytokinins can mediate axillary bud release from apical dominance. (answerlib.org)

Auxins promote cell elongation in plants, causing the stem to bend towards the light source. (wellbeingport.com)

The expression of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis related genes were significantly reduced under both types of stresses, which limit the metabolic processes and thus help prolong survival under extreme conditions. (frontiersin.org)

The results showed that silencing PavSPSA1 gene decreased sucrose content,delayed fruit coloring,ripening and softening. (ahs.ac.cn)

The expression level increased after treatment with exogenous cytokinin,and decreased after treatment with the cytokinin synthesis inhibitor lovastatin. (ahs.ac.cn)
Analysis of gene expression，promoter response and relative mRNA abundance showed that exogenous ABA treatment upregulated the expression level of VlMybA1 and VlMybA2 ，in which VlMybA1 was significantly expressed and promoted berry skin pigmentation；In contrast，exogenous ACC treatment increased the VlMybA2 expression and anthocyanin accumulation. (ahs.ac.cn)

Besides auxin, cytokinin (CK) is also involved in root organogenesis. (answerlib.org)

No phenylurea cytokinins have been found in plants. (wikipedia.org)
VAN DER STRAETEN D., CASTAGNA A., RANIERA A. (2022) Foliar and root comparative metaboliomics and phenolic profiling of micro-tom tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants associated with a gene expression analysis in response to short daily UV treatments. (ugent.be)
So far, most successful genetic engineering of plants has relied on inserting one or a few genes that supply simple, yet useful, properties. (istudy.pk)
Since root development of wrky6 plants exposed to P. indica under phosphate limitation is strongly promoted, we propose that common genes which respond to all three growth stimuli are central for the control of root growth and architecture. (biomedcentral.com)
To cope with Pi limitations, plants have evolved complex adaptive responses that include morphological and physiological modifications to improve Pi acquisition or remobilization via the differential expression of various Pi transporter genes [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR, and the result showed AtCYCD 2;1 gene was integrated into tobacco genome. (nefu.edu.cn)
We use a mathematical modelling approach to unravel mechanisms regulating the auxin and cytokinins' action in plants. (cas.cz)

Combinations of these factors induce unexpected alterations in root and shoot growth, root architecture and root gene expression profiles. (biomedcentral.com)

Most adenine-type cytokinins are synthesized in roots. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokinin moves from the roots into the shoots, eventually signaling lateral bud growth. (wikipedia.org)
Root-tip-mediated inhibition of hydrotropism is accompanied with the suppression of asymmetric expression of auxin-inducible genes in response to moisture gradients in cucumber roots. (yamagata-u.ac.jp)
Gravitropism interferes with hydrotropism via counteracting auxin dynamics in cucumber roots: clinorotation and spaceflight experiments. (yamagata-u.ac.jp)
We generated and discuss here a list of common genes which are regulated in growing roots and which are common to all three growth stimuli investigated in this study. (biomedcentral.com)

High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)

Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
A distinct ZmFCP1-FEA3 ligand-receptor combination, originally identified in maize, prevents WUS gene expression in the region below the OC (also called rib zone, RZ), thus confining WUS expression within the OC of meristems 6 . (nature.com)
As shown in Figure 4, AM was highly similar to both SAM38D and IBM, pairwise comparison would probably miss Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries many genes active in meristems. (plcsignaling.com)
To identify PEGs in these meristems, we grouped similar meristems together and detected 821 genes. (plcsignaling.com)

GNOM regulates root hydrotropism and phototropism independently of PIN-mediated auxin transport. (yamagata-u.ac.jp)

By combining live-cell imaging with proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics we compare the distribution of plasma-membrane integrated auxin transporter at tissue to sub-cellular level with changes in polar auxin transport flux and free auxin availability depending on abiotic stress stimuli. (cas.cz)

The effects of a maize knotted1 ( kn1) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter on genetic transformation efficiencies of six citrus genotypes were tested. (springer.com)
The maize homeobox gene knotted1 ( kn1 ) encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor (Hake et al. (springer.com)
Here we show that the maize dominant Barren inflorescence3 ( Bif3 ) mutant harbors a tandem duplicated copy of the ZmWUS1 gene, ZmWUS1-B , whose novel promoter enhances transcription in a ring-like pattern. (nature.com)

The developmental gradient in monocot leaves has been exploited to uncover leaf developmental gene expression programs and chloroplast biogenesis processes. (biomedcentral.com)
This allows us to generate the first biologically-informed gene expression map of this leaf, with the entire developmental gradient from meristematic to fully differentiated cells captured. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously developed a curated database of genes potentially associated with leaf senescence, the Leaf Senescence Database (LSD). (jipb.net)

Small RNA sequencing revealed 132 conserved miRNA families expressed in flowers of C. goeringii , and 11 miRNAs corresponding to 455 putative target genes were considered to be responsible for multi-tepal development. (biomedcentral.com)

First, they regulate the expression of the BRC1 gene in buds. (europa.eu)

show similar crosstalk between auxin and CK in controlling early gynoecium patterning. (plantae.org)

In conclusion, the porcine NANOG gene, accompanied by a single-exon processed pseudogene, exhibits two transcripts and plays a pivotal role in the development of early-stage embryos. (bvsalud.org)
Gene expression analysis showed that the expression levels of PavSPSA1 was the highest,followed by PavSPSC ,whereas PavSPSA2 and PavSPSB were relatively weakly expressed during the fruit growth and development,and ripening using quantitative real-time PCR. (ahs.ac.cn)
Cytokinins Inhibit Lateral Root Development . (answerlib.org)
An integrated approach of GWAS, weighted co-expression network, and differential expression analysis identified 12 genes associated with root growth and development under LP stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Auxin is a crucial regulator of cotyledon development. (plcsignaling.com)

To better understand this decision-making process, in a first step I mathematically modelled gene regulatory networks in collaboration with the Mironova laboratory. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Genes controlling floral organ identity have been identified through the genetic analysis of homeotic mutants, leading to the ABCDE model, in which five classes of regulatory genes (A, B, C, D and E) work in a combinatorial manner to confer the organ identities of the four whorls [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Does cytokinin inhibit root growth? (answerlib.org)

Integrated mRNA and miRNA profiling data provided comprehensive gene expression information on the wild-type and multi-tepal mutant at the transcriptional level that could facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of floral patterning of C. goeringii . (biomedcentral.com)

This asymmetric polarity of cells is governed by specific gene-expression and mechanical influences. (plantae.org)

However, both genes were found with highest expression in cotyledon, but nearly undetectable in reproductive tissues, suggesting PIN5 may have a divergent role in soybean. (plcsignaling.com)

Finding the genes responsible is difficult, because multiple interacting genes usually control such traits. (istudy.pk)

Expression is induced by drought stress, oxidative stress, and high doses of auxin and cytokinin. (or.jp)

According to the "direct inhibition hypothesis", these effects result from the ratio of cytokinin to auxin. (wikipedia.org)

However, cell wall synthesis related genes were up-regulated under drought stress and down-regulated under flooding stress. (frontiersin.org)

Moreover, it has been shown that cytokinin alone has no effect on parenchyma cells. (wikipedia.org)
When cytokinin and auxin are present in equal levels, the parenchyma cells form an undifferentiated callus. (wikipedia.org)

Using in planta analysis, I was able to show that both auxin and cytokinin signalling levels are low specifically in the vascular cambium. (uni-heidelberg.de)
I found that the expression of the type-A ARR genes ARR5, ARR6, ARR7 and ARR15 is reduced in the hypocotyl vascular cambium. (uni-heidelberg.de)

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Arabidopsis18

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Induces root formation2

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