• Foodborne diseases are caused by food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, and Clostridium, a critical threat to human health. (usda.gov)
  • Antibiotic resistance genes spreading to pathogenic bacteria. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Targeted proteomics for studying pathogenic bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • These bacteria may include species of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella or Campylobacter, associated with gastroenteritis. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2005. Variation for neutral markers is correlated with variation for quantitative traits in the plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • Infiltration of fecal material into the subsurface can result in the contamination of ground water supplies by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, thereby posing a threat to public health. (lpelc.org)
  • The ability of foodborne pathogenic bacteria to survive under environmental stress, not only inside the host, but also outside in the environment, can lead to an increase in human illnesses. (iospress.com)
  • Pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes , which has a high fatality rate of approximately 17%, become a threat in products that are not protected from, or properly treated to reduce contamination [ 1 ]. (iospress.com)
  • Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)
  • Trends were consistent in terms of the compositions of both taxonomic and functional genes, which include antibiotic resistance genes, metal resistance genes and gene-transfer elements associated with cell stress that are relevant to public health. (nature.com)
  • The modeled median risk from all pathogens in river samples was between 0.345 and 0.577, 10-fold above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) benchmark of 0.036 (36 illnesses/1,000 swimmers). (bvsalud.org)
  • A small number of studies reported that consumption of veal liver was associated with an increased risk of human illness from these two pathogens. (usda.gov)
  • As a novel antibacterial agent against foodborne pathogens, endolysins are peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by bacteriophages that lyse bacterial cells by targeting their cell wall, notably in Gram-positive bacteria due to their naturally exposed peptidoglycan layer. (usda.gov)
  • In the paper, we build a quantitative model for the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes in human pathogens and populate it using the few numbers that are available on different processes (bacterial uptake, horizontal gene transfer rates, rate of mobilization of chromosomal genes, etc.) in the literature (1) . (microbiology.se)
  • In short, we find that in order for the environment to play an important role in the appearance of novel resistance genes in pathogens, there needs to be a substantial flow of bacteria from the environment to the human microbiome . (microbiology.se)
  • We also find that most likely the majority of resistance genes in human pathogens have very small fitness costs associated with them, if any cost at all. (microbiology.se)
  • By tracking ARGs currently present in human pathogens across bacterial genomes, it may be possible to trace the evolutionary history of these genes and thereby identify their likely hosts at the beginning of the antibiotic era, similar to what was done by Stefan Ebmeyer and his colleagues (2) . (microbiology.se)
  • FERDOUSI, S. A study on the prevalence of heavy metals, pesticides, and microbial contaminants and antibiotics resistance pathogens in raw salad vegetables sold in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (produccioncientificaluz.org)
  • This approach could be used to identify and promote micro-organisms with beneficial effects against residue-borne pathogens, and more broadly, to decipher the complex interactions between multi-species pathosystems and other microbial components in crop residues. (biorxiv.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to compare findings obtained from the culture of cefotaxime-resistant (cefR) Escherichia coli with two qPCR methods for quantification of antibiotic resistance genes across wastewater, recycled water, and surface waters. (bvsalud.org)
  • Investigators will develop a context-specific healthcare facility assessment tool to evaluate current antibiotic stewardship practices and needs across multiple institutions in various countries and regions globally. (cdc.gov)
  • What is the role of the environment in the emergence of novel antibiotic resistance genes? (microbiology.se)
  • Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Public agencies therefore use the presence of other more abundant and more easily detected fecal bacteria as indicators of the presence of fecal contamination. (wikipedia.org)
  • To assess whether a ground water source is at risk for fecal contamination, agencies responsible for monitoring water supplies generally test for the presence of nonpathogenic as indicator organisms. (lpelc.org)
  • For almost 40 years, Bonde's (1966) attributes of an ideal indicator have served as an effective model of how a fecal contamination index for public health risk and treatment efficiency should function ( Box 4-1 ). (nationalacademies.org)
  • We performed quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to predict the risk of gastroenteritis associated with swimming and the amount of pathogen reduction needed to achieve safe conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is a dominant intestinal commensal organism, an important fecal indicator bacterium (FIB), a pathogen and a target for microbial source tracking (MST). (lpelc.org)
  • 1987). An alternative means of demonstrating the relationship to health risk is through correlation between prospective indicator concentration and pathogen levels (Gerba et al. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Clonal yet Different: Understanding the Causes of Genomic Heterogeneity in Microbial Species and Impacts on Public Health. (cdc.gov)
  • Indicator bacteria can be cultured on media which are specifically formulated to allow the growth of the species of interest and inhibit growth of other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Host species, geography (elevation), climatic conditions and microbial richness were all associated with the prevalence of infection. (nature.com)
  • As only the fossil record can give us information about species numbers in past times and most of the soft-bodied organisms did not leave any fossil remains behind, quantitative data on patterns of diversification and extinction throughout geological time are very scarce. (groms.de)
  • This dramatic change in human gut microbiota-estimated to be ~1,000 species of bacteria-might be coincident with weight loss, but Zhao and other researchers think otherwise, and believe that these bacteria actually play a key role in regulating body weight. (trilinkbiotech.com)
  • In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of previously fabricated polyamino-phenolic ligands and polyamidoamine dendrimers was investigated against legionella mono-species and multi-species biofilms formed by L. pneumophila in association with other bacteria that can be found in tap water ( Aeromonas hydrophila , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae ). (frontiersin.org)
  • About 80-90% of halitosis is due to intraoral microbial species that populate on the tongue, teeth, and periodontal biofilms. (medscape.com)
  • Integrating Whole-Genome Sequencing Data Into Quantitative Risk Assessment of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges. (cdc.gov)
  • Adapting culture-based fecal indicator monitoring to include antibiotics in the media provides a potentially low-tech and accessible option, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting key genes of interest provides a broad, quantitative measure across the microbial community. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB: Escherichia coli and enterococci) are used to assess recreational water quality. (bvsalud.org)
  • We used traditional fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and microbial source tracking (MST) methods to help identify source(s) of the FIB. (mdpi.com)
  • Commonly used indicator bacteria include total coliforms, or a subset of this group, fecal coliforms, which are found in the intestinal tracts of warm blooded animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • One technique for detecting indicator organisms is the use of chromogenic compounds, which are added to conventional or newly devised media used for isolation of the indicator bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunological methods using monoclonal antibodies can be used to detect indicator bacteria in water samples. (wikipedia.org)
  • This method can be used to recover specific indicator bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are gene sequence-based methods currently being used to detect specific strains of indicator bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • This chapter describes desirable attributes of an indicator, typical applications of indicators, indicator attributes that are appropriate for such applications, and provides an assessment of whether current indicators and indicator approaches are meeting the needs of each application. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Grow widely independent of other organisms present, when inculcated in artificial media (i.e., indicator bacteria should not be seriously inhibited in their growth by the presence of other bacteria). (nationalacademies.org)
  • The most important biological attribute is a strong quantitative relationship between indicator concentration and the degree of public health risk. (nationalacademies.org)
  • I am very interested to study the effects of these pollutants on the ecology and function of soil microbial communities using biochemical (PLFA) and molecular biology techniques. (moa.gov.cy)
  • Distribution patterns of soil microbial eukaryotes suggests widespread algivory by phagotrophic protists as an alternative pathway for nutrient cycling. (unine.ch)
  • For patients with HIV infection, the risk of developing TB is 7-10% per year. (medscape.com)
  • In fact, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most significant risk factors for TB infection. (medscape.com)
  • Case rates for persons who are dually infected with HIV and M tuberculosis exceed the lifetime risk of persons with TB infection who are not infected with HIV. (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, if the rates of mobilization and horizontal transfer of resistance genes could be better determined by experiments, the model would predict the likely origins more precisely. (microbiology.se)
  • This paper has a quite interesting backstory, beginning with me having leftover time on a bus ride in Madison (WI), thinking about whether you could quantize the conceptual framework for resistance gene emergence we described in our 2018 review paper in FEMS Reviews Microbiology (3) . (microbiology.se)
  • Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
  • In man-made water systems microbial biofilms increase the resistance of legionella to disinfection, posing a significant threat to public health. (frontiersin.org)
  • I have been drawing our regulators' attention to it at least since 1996 [1], when there was already sufficient evidence to suggest that transgenic DNA in GM crops and products can spread by being taken up directly by viruses and bacteria as well as plant and animals cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Disease-associated genes spreading and recombining to create new viruses and bacteria that cause diseases. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The procedure, in which bone marrow cells are genetically modified outside the body and re-implanted, was previously thought to avoid creating infectious viruses and causing cancer, both recognized major hazards of gene therapy. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • As a biochemist you study the way living organisms - from viruses and bacteria to mammals, plants and other higher organisms - function at the molecular level. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Many of these studies compare different types of phages with bacteria and viruses. (bluephage.com)
  • It starts to become clear that the numbers of viruses, in fact gene copies, obtained by PCR are not suitable either for water industry management or for performing "risk assessment" studies. (bluephage.com)
  • Although blueberries are considered low risk for foodborne contamination because of their low pH, they were related to a possible outbreak of listeriosis in Connecticut in 1984 [ 11 ]. (iospress.com)
  • Development and exploitation of advanced molecular and biochemical methods for gene identification and characterization of genetic traits and their mode of action. (moa.gov.cy)
  • Molecular genetics has been and is a very useful tool used to better understanding of genes underlying quantitative traits associated with increasing crop yields or improving food quality. (intechopen.com)
  • Based on these reports, the current review aims to assess the possible impacts of foodborne NP with regard to the risk of food allergy (FA) development. (frontiersin.org)
  • According to the study results, in terms of the likelihood of environmental impacts on the main considered criteria of natural and man-made environments, the former's effect is a priority risk, weighing 0.670 and primarily important. (magiran.com)
  • Considering the recognized factors that lead to probable risks of pipelines along with their most notable outcomes, the paper suggests environmental management plans on how to control and reduce the potential impacts, with an emphasis on elimination of the most likely causes. (magiran.com)
  • Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Oral malodor is primarily the result of microbial metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Anaerobic bacteria and fungi are also prevalent. (who.int)
  • The bacteria that cause bad breath can flourish in this type of "anaerobic" environment. (medscape.com)
  • Research has shown a direct correlation between the amount of coating on a person's tongue and the total number of anaerobic bacteria present in the coating. (medscape.com)
  • Mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen free living bacteria, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria are important microbial groups that have been recognized as plant growth promoting microorganisms. (moa.gov.cy)
  • Since plastics are known to sorb hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) there is a question of what risk of chemical exposure is posed to aquatic biota from microplastic-associated contaminants. (researchgate.net)
  • Legionnaires' disease is a potentially fatal pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila , an aquatic bacterium often found within the biofilm niche. (frontiersin.org)
  • Historic definitions of microbial indicators, such as coliforms, have been tied to the methods used to measure them. (nationalacademies.org)
  • However, available information on quantitative PP intake is incomplete and comprehensive reference food composition tables are not available, because of the wide range of PPs and the considerable number of factors that modify their concentration in foods 58 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Listeria monocytogenes represents high risk for consumers, since it can grow under refrigeration and acidic environments by developing acid tolerance response (ATR). (iospress.com)
  • The bad , of de slechte bacteriën, zoals Listeria monocytogenes , kunnen infectie en ziekte veroorzaken. (scriptieprijs.be)
  • Om onderdrukking en competitieve interacties tussen enerzijds Listeria monocytogenes en anderzijds enkele goede bacteriën vanop sla te onderzoeken, werd een modelsysteem ontwikkeld in het labo, namelijk sla-agar. (scriptieprijs.be)
  • Bacterial ability to form biofilms was verified using a crystal violet colorimetric assay and testing cell viability by real-time quantitative PCR and Plate Count assay. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2019. An assessment of the multifunctionality of integrated buffer zones in Northwestern Europe . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • Although an ecological risk assessment has been prepared, the focus of this assessment of 2-nitrotoluene relates primarily to human health risks. (gc.ca)
  • Multivariate analysis grouped microbial observations by subwatershed and season in river samples but only by subwatershed in the ocean. (bvsalud.org)
  • This characterization provides context for defining benchmarks for the evaluation of NAMs for skin sensitization assessments. (nih.gov)
  • Legionella pneumophila is a waterborne bacterium responsible for Legionnaires' disease, a potentially fatal respiratory disease acquired through environmental exposure to aerosolized water. (cdc.gov)
  • Gene sequence-based methods depend on the recognition of exclusive gene sequences particular to specific strains of organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • A combination of linear discriminant analysis and ecological network analysis was used to compare the microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with L. maculans . (biorxiv.org)
  • Unlike probiotics which are live organisms, prebiotics are non-living substances (usually carbohydrates) that function as food sources for beneficial bacteria. (trilinkbiotech.com)
  • All samples were negative for L. pneumophila by culture, but quantitative PCR results indicated the home hot tub was the likely source of the bacterium. (cdc.gov)
  • We isolated and named this phage, showed that it becomes superinfective to its host during biofilm development, and found that it plays a role in phenotypic diversification of biofilm bacteria. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • These findings suggest quantitative considerations for building scientific confidence in NAM-based systemic toxicity predictions. (nih.gov)
  • Further study is needed to consider how relevant each measure is to capturing hot spots for the evolution and dissemination of AMR in the environment and as indicators of AMR-associated human health risk. (bvsalud.org)
  • Microbial water quality indicators are used in a variety of ways within public health risk assessment frameworks, including assessment of potential hazard, exposure assessment, contaminant source identification, and evaluating effectiveness of risk reduction actions. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Briones, A. & Raskin, L. Diversity and dynamics of microbial communities in engineered environments and their implications for process stability. (nature.com)
  • I-SIS submitted written questions to the upcoming 'Open Meeting' of the Advisory Committee for Novel Food Products (ACNFP) in which horizontal gene transfer is to be discussed. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Horizontal gene transfer is one of the most serious, if not the most serious hazard of transgenic technology. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Transgenic DNA is in many respects optimised for horizontal gene transfer. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Since then, we have continued to warn our regulators that the CaMV 35S promoter will be extra prone to spread by horizontal gene transfer and recombination [7-9]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • the way the immunocompromised host and the aggressive ICU environment interact is only partially discovered, the available biomarkers for diagnosis are not sufficient to ensure prompt differentiation between sick patients and patients at risk, the microbiological cultures require invasive techniques and time consuming methods. (springeropen.com)
  • We develop methods that are based in statistics, machine learning, optimization and graph theory to understand how changes in the 3D genome affect cellular outcome such as development, differentiation and gene expression. (ucsd.edu)
  • This project will focus on developing regulatory network inference methods for the joint analysis of gene expression and histone modification data from several different types of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, which are gathered from a cohort of patients with solid tumors. (ucsd.edu)
  • Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. (inchem.org)
  • Bacterial colonies can be counted after 24 to 48 hours depending on the type of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2012. Effect of nitrogen form on gene expression in leaf tissue of greenhouse grown potatoes during three stages of growth . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • El número de bacterias aeróbicas totales, bacterias coliformes, levaduras y mohos y Staphylococcus y Micrococcus spp. (produccioncientificaluz.org)
  • Last August, my post entitled Meet Your Microbiome: The Other Part of You dealt with growing recognition that trillions of microbes-mostly bacteria but also fungus-reside in and on each of us, and influence our health status. (trilinkbiotech.com)
  • The objectives were to evaluate the effects of Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass (CGCM) supplementation, replacing blood plasma in diets, on the gene expressions of biomarkers associated with peptidoglycan and their correlation with intestinal health in nursery pigs. (usda.gov)
  • In order to evaluate potential risk factors, Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) method has been applied. (magiran.com)
  • However, PCR, which has been extremely useful in providing a great deal of crucial information in water virology, does not distinguish between reliable and repetitive, and hence feasible, procedures infectious from non-infectious viral particles and is therefore not useful for monitoring virological water quality, nor for assessing the performance of water treatment processes or for quantitative microbial risk assessment. (bluephage.com)
  • Probabilistic modelling of prospective environmental concentrations of gold nanoparticles from medical applications as a basis for risk assessment. (nature.com)
  • Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment on benzene, 1-methyl-2-nitro- (2-nitrotoluene), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 88-72-2. (gc.ca)
  • Margins of exposure were not calculated for non-cancer effects in this assessment since non-cancer effects occurred at a dose at which tumours were observed and because the information available indicates that exposures of the general Canadian population to 2-nitrotoluene from either environmental media or consumer products are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
  • On the other hand, environmental hazards caused by oil pipes of water quality in Shadegan wetland has been ranked first, with a relative weight of 0.389 to contain the highest level of risk. (magiran.com)
  • 2018. Predator-prey mass ratio drives microbial activity under dry conditions in Sphagnum peatlands. (unine.ch)
  • Relación de diagnóstico y tratamiento pacientes atendidos en el posgrado de Periodoncia y Oseointegración de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, seccional Bogotá desde 2018 a 2021. (ucc.edu.co)
  • The goal of this project is to model the natural variation in gene expression across many immune cell types using an already established database at LJI ( https://dice-database.org ) and to identify cell type-specific epigenetic regulators of important immune genes. (ucsd.edu)
  • Establishing microbial composition measurement standards with reference frames. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)
  • The risk of cancer is highlighted by the recent report that gene therapy - genetic modification of human cells - claimed its first cancer victim [4]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Similarly, I was not surprised by the research results released earlier this year by the Food Standards Agency [12], indicating that transgenic DNA from GM soya flour, eaten in a single hamburger and milk shake meal, was found transferred to the bacteria in the gut contents from the colostomy bags of human volunteers. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • They are not dangerous to human health but are used to indicate the presence of a health risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each gram of human feces contains approximately ~100 billion (1×1011) bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • But such a rapid development and the now wide use of nanoparticle (NP)-based products in the human food chain raise issues for human health ( 3 ) and highlight the urgent need for a specific risk assessment. (frontiersin.org)
  • A quantitative human health risk assessment was conducted for inhalation exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • We will review several projects based on the use of panels of biomarkers for a better understanding of risk of disease and prognosis. (lu.se)
  • Chemical interaction with matrix molecules is hypothesized, based on SEM images and considering the low or absent anti-microbial activity on planktonic bacteria showed by flow cytometry. (frontiersin.org)
  • We traced the source of the bacterium through co-culture with an ameba collected from a hot tub in her home. (cdc.gov)
  • Rapid Diagnostic Tests as a Source of Dengue Virus RNA for Envelope Gene Amplification: A Proof of Concept. (cdc.gov)
  • The resultant issues for purposes of modeling, source tracking and risk assessment require careful consideration in future research studies. (lpelc.org)
  • With the global gene therapy market expected to reach $13 billion by 2024, researchers are seeking to understand as much as they can about how these treatment can target cancer and other diseases. (healthcare.report)
  • We have ongoing interests in the systems level analysis and reconstruction of regulatory networks, inference of enhancer-promoter contacts, predictive models of gene expression and integration of three-dimensional chromatin structure with one-dimensional epigenetic measurements in the context of cancer, malaria, asthma and several autoimmune diseases. (ucsd.edu)
  • What I found unacceptable was the way the Agency dismissed the findings and downplayed the risks. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The comments, "it is extremely unlikely that genes from genetically modified (GM) food can end up in bacteria in the gut of people who eat them", and "the findings had been assessed by several Government experts who had ruled that humans were not at risk", are seriously misleading. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Division of Health Assessment and Consultation. (cdc.gov)
  • Nasal olfactory degeneration is the primary endpoint for risk assessment of acute exposure to iodomethane. (cdc.gov)