Genes among chromosomes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Every human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (cdc.gov)

The information in the Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions in Cancer relates cytogenetic changes and their genomic consequences, in particular gene fusions, to tumor characteristics, based either on individual cases or associations. (wikipedia.org)
The close genomic locations of these two genes as well as their functional similarity have hindered efforts to define whether each gene independently influences human triglyceride concentrations. (doe.gov)
We integrated chromosome 5 genomic copy number and gene expression data to identify key target over expressed genes as a consequence of 5p gain. (columbia.edu)
Genomic DNA copy number variation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to alteration in the expression and functions of genes residing within the affected chromosomal region [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The database represents a unique international resource that enables clinicians to quickly find relevant information on cytogenetic aberrations and gene fusions in cancer and relate the findings to clinical data, in particular the diagnostic and prognostic significance of specific cytogenetic/genomic changes. (lu.se)
The continuously updated material also makes it possible to address scientific questions related to the mechanisms through which chromosomal/genomic changes participate in the carcinogenic process by elucidating why, how and when chromosome abnormalities are formed, the chromosomal anatomy of cytogenetic changes and genes involved in fusions, the role chromosome aberrations play in the formation of fusion genes, and the mechanisms by which gene fusions exert their effects. (lu.se)
Mitelman F, Johansson B, Mertens F, Schyman T, Mandahl N. Cancer chromosome breakpoints cluster in gene-rich genomic regions. (lu.se)
and an ectopic insertion into the VH from chromosome I. The results support the proposal that aberrant antibody hypermutation can lead to gross genomic alterations but indicate that such events are rare. (lu.se)

The Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions in Cancer is a free access database devoted to chromosomes, genes, and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
It was first published in 1983 as a book named "Catalog of Chromosome aberrations in Cancer" in the Journal of Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, containing 3,844 cases. (wikipedia.org)
The database is available on-line (https://mitelmandatabase.isb-cgc.org) for searches related to cases cytogenetics, gene fusions, clinical associations, structural or numerical recurrent aberrations and references. (wikipedia.org)
Conclusion: Numerical aberrations of chromosome 9 and p16 gene deletion are common findings in ovarian cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
The aim of the present study was to determine the significance of this tumor suppressor gene for ovarian tumorigenesis, investigating both numerical aberrations of chromosome 9 and p16 gene alterations in 28 cases of ovarian tumors, by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. (iiarjournals.org)
Identification of regions with copy number aberrations and the genes involved thus offers a basis for better understanding of cancer development [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It seems probable that the scheme outlined in this paper will apply for the case of inversions that do not include the locus of the spindle attachment and for other chromosome aberrations in which crossing-over gives rise to chromatids with two spindle attachments, and where the conditions of meiosis are such that (a) the meiotic spindles are oriented so that the reduced nuclei lie approximately on a single straight line, and (b) only one of the terminal nuclei functions in further development. (caltech.edu)
The Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions in Cancer, established in 1980, is an attempt to register systematically all published cytogenetic aberrations reported in cancer, including patient and tumor characteristics, gene fusions identified by cytogenetics or massively parallel sequencing, and studies pertaining to the clinical relevance of cytogenetic aberrations and/or gene rearrangements. (lu.se)

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology COSMIC cancer database Ensembl genome database project Entrez Gene GenBank Gene Wiki HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee International Agency for Research on Cancer International Classification of Diseases for Oncology Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man UCSC Genome Browser Mitelman, Felix (1983). (wikipedia.org)
Baykara O, Bakir B, Buyru N, Kaynak K, Dalay N. Amplification of Chromosome 8 Genes in Lung Cancer. (jcancer.org)
Although gains and losses of chromosomal loci have been reported copy number changes of the individual genes have not been analyzed in lung cancer. (jcancer.org)
In this study 22 genes were analyzed by MLPA in tumors and matched normal tissue samples from 82 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. (jcancer.org)
Gain of short arm of chromosome 5 (5p) is the most frequent karyotypic change in CC. Methods: To examine the role of 5p gain, we performed a combination of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and gene expression analyses on invasive cancer and in various stages of CC progression. (columbia.edu)
Sex exerts a profound impact on cancer incidence, spectrum and outcomes, yet the molecular genetic bases of such sex differences are ill-defined and presumptively ascribed to X-chromosome genes and sex hormones. (tmc.edu)
Integrated cross-species molecular and transcriptomic analyses identified Y-chromosome gene histone demethylase KDM5D as a transcriptionally up-regulated gene driven by KRAS*-mediated activation of the STAT4 transcription factor in cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
Thus, upregulation of Y chromosome KDM5D in cancer cells and immune cells collaboratively contributes to the sex differences in CRC via its disruption of cancer cell adhesion properties and regulation of tumor immunity, providing an actionable therapeutic strategy for metastasis risk reduction for men afflicted with KRAS* CRC. (tmc.edu)
In particular, the p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene located on chromosomal region 9p21 frequently is altered in several types of cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
Materials and Methods: To investigate both the presence of numerical abnormalities of chromosome 9 and p16 gene alterations in ovarian cancer, we studied 28 cases by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using a DNA p16 probe and an a-satellite probe specific for chromosome 9. (iiarjournals.org)
There are few studies focusing on the molecular analysis of p16 gene in ovarian cancer ( 13 - 16 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Cancer-related genes show racial differences. (biomedcentral.com)
Three methods including MetaCore analysis for disease and pathway correlations, concordance analysis between array-CGH database and the expression array database, and literature search for copy number variation genes were performed to select novel lung cancer candidate genes. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified 20 chromosomal imbalance regions harboring 459 genes for Caucasian and 17 regions containing 476 genes for Asian lung cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, CISH analysis of patients indicated that copy number amplification indeed occurred for ARHGAP19 and ZNF322A genes in lung cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study provides an invaluable database revealing common and differential imbalance regions at specific chromosomes among Asian and Caucasian lung cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer, in press. (lu.se)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 58:149-154, 2019. (lu.se)
Mitelman F. Cancer gene fusions detected by massive parallel sequencing. (lu.se)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 55:291-310, 2016. (lu.se)
Mertens F, Johansson B, Fioretos T, Mitelman F. The emerging complexity of gene fusions in cancer. (lu.se)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer;49(3): 270-81, 2010 Mar. (bvsalud.org)

In a complex organism like humans, those 35,000 genes must act in concert with one another in many different combinations at many different times," Magnuson said. (sciencedaily.com)
Despite our relative complexity as organisms, humans do not necessarily have more genes or chromosomes than other species. (exploringnature.org)
Humans have about 20,000 to 23,000 genes. (msdmanuals.com)
In humans, there are 46 chromosomes in each body cell, so the main DNA is divided into 46 sections. (biotopics.co.uk)
fChromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . (wikipedia.org)
Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
The answer "46, 23 pairs" is correct because humans typically have 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs. (proprofs.com)
The smallest chromosome in humans, the men-specific Y chromosome, has just been sequenced after considerable hurdles. (theconversation.com)
The Y chromosome, that little chain of genes that determines the sex of humans, is not as tough as you might think. (theconversation.com)
The antigen receptor loci are the only loci in humans to undergo programmed somatic gene modification. (lu.se)
As a result of the rapid advances in genetics technology and the Human Genome Project, most of the estimated 100,000 genes in humans will be identified by the year 2005 (1). (cdc.gov)

In your body, one chromosome of each pair came from your mother and one came from your father. (windows2universe.org)
Typically, men have one X and one Y chromosome on the 23rd pair while women have two X chromosomes. (uclahealth.org)
People get one of each pair of chromosomes from their mother and one of each pair from their father. (cdc.gov)
The chromosomes that form the 23rd pair are called the sex chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Each pair consists of one chromosome inherited from the mother and one from the father, resulting in a total of 23 pairs. (proprofs.com)
Breeding refers to what is generally the most common method of creating new chromosomes from an existing generation's set of hypotheses, which is using a pair of said chromosomes as parents and creating from them new child chromosomes, using the crossover method. (kdnuggets.com)

Human cells typically contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. (nbcnews.com)
The researchers started out with 316,617 base pairs in the natural chromosome, and slimmed the code down to 272,871 base pairs. (nbcnews.com)
Meanwhile, researchers had discovered an odd-shaped chromosome (all other chromosomes occurred in similarly shaped pairs) that seemed to be related to male sex (now called the Y chromosome). (wikisummaries.org)
Long-range chromosome contacts are disrupted by loss of condensin II loading, which leads to altered expression at bidirectional gene pairs. (bepress.com)
Chromosome pairs like these are in every human cell. (windows2universe.org)
Chromosomes come in pairs. (windows2universe.org)
Chromosome 9 spans about 150 million base pairs of nucleic acids (the building blocks of DNA ) and represents between 4.0 and 4.5% of the total DNA in cells . (wikipedia.org)
23 pairs of chromosomes. (cdc.gov)

In the absence of a finished quality genome sequence, insights into wheat genome structure and function have been accumulating through survey sequencing of individual chromosomes or chromosome-specific Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) libraries. (biomedcentral.com)

Genome-wide association studies focused on asthma risk genes have identified a variation in the interleukin-6 receptor ( IL6R ) and alterations at another site on chromosome 11q13.5 near the leucine-rich repeat containing 32 genes ( LRRC32 , also known as GARP ). (genengnews.com)
We've learned from the human genome projects that there are far fewer genes than were originally estimated, roughly 35,000. (sciencedaily.com)
So understanding how genes are regulated in terms of their expression, how they are turned on and off, and if they are off how they are maintained in that 'off' state, becomes critical in the post-genome era of understanding gene function. (sciencedaily.com)
The Human Genome Project: Genes on Human Chromosome 17 The location of genes is designated by an established labeling system for chromosomes. (pearson.com)
The construction of BAC-based physical maps of individual chromosomes reduces the complexity of this allohexaploid genome, enables elucidation of gene space and evolutionary relationships, provides tools for map-based cloning, and serves as a framework for reference sequencing efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we provide a chromosome-specific view into the organization and evolution of the D genome of bread wheat, in comparison to one of its ancestors, revealing recent genome rearrangements. (biomedcentral.com)
The genotype (or genome) is a person's unique combination of genes or genetic makeup. (msdmanuals.com)
Without doubt, the investigatory work that revealed the DNA sequence that makes up the Human Genome in 2003 has generated a lot of useful information about DNA, genes and chromosomes. (biotopics.co.uk)
Such a segment in the tumor genome may harbor either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes depending on whether they are present in increased or decreased copy number, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation , their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction ). (wikipedia.org)
Because of their location in the swine genome and their implication in reproductive physiology, this gene cluster was characterized and evaluated for effects on reproductive traits in swine. (biomedcentral.com)

Orthologous to human SMC5 (structural maintenance of chromosomes 5). (nih.gov)
He's even looking into creating entirely new yeast chromosomes that incorporate human genetic code for medical screening purposes. (nbcnews.com)
Here is a drawing of human chromosome 17 showing its characteristic major banding pattern as it appears after staining. (pearson.com)
388 genes have been identified on human chromosome 17. (pearson.com)
These are what the chromosomes of a human look like. (windows2universe.org)
We have successfully used a DNA.cDNA molecular hybridization assay to directly determine the presence or absence of human beta globin gene sequences in 20 human-mouse somatic cell hybrids, each of which contained a different subset of human chromosomes. (eurekamag.com)
The assay is specific for the individual human globin genes and will detect the presence of a globin gene if the relevant chromosome is present in only 10% of the cells of a hybrid population. (eurekamag.com)
The content of human chromosomes in each hybrid clone was characterized by Giemsa 11 staining, Giemsa trypsin-Hoechst 33258 staining, and by the use of 22 independent isozyme markers for 17 different human chromosomes. (eurekamag.com)
All human chromosomes were present in one or more cell lines devoid of the human beta globin gene except for 6, 8, 9, 11, and 13. (eurekamag.com)
Among these latter chromosomes, only chromosome 11 was present in the six hybrid clones that contained the human beta globin gene. (eurekamag.com)
In fact, chromosome 11 was the only human chromosome that was present in all of the six hybrid clones found to be positive for the human beta globin gene. (eurekamag.com)
Two sister clones, 157-BNPT-1 and 157-BNPT-4, had similar subsets of human chromosomes except that 11 was present only in 157-BNPT-4. (eurekamag.com)
157-BNPT-4 contained the human beta globin gene while 157-BNPT-1 did not. (eurekamag.com)
two lines positive for human beta globin gene sequences also contained human gamma globin gene sequences while one line was negative for both beta and gamma gene sequences. (eurekamag.com)
On the basis of these results, the human beta and gamma globin genes have been assigned to human chromosome 11. (eurekamag.com)
Members of the apolipoprotein gene cluster (APOA1/C3/A4/A5) on human chromosome 11q23 play an important role in lipid metabolism. (doe.gov)
Each cell in the human body contains thousands of genes. (cdc.gov)
These are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 9. (wikipedia.org)
So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes. (wikipedia.org)
The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 9. (wikipedia.org)
Many proteins, and the genes that make them, aren't well understood, and there's still much to learn from the human genetic instruction book. (sciencenews.org)
Localisation of the human blue cone pigment gene to chromosome band 7q31.3-32. (ox.ac.uk)
The team's findings , published in the American Journal of Human Genetics on Thursday, highlighted significant ties between chromosome 22q11.2 regions and eight continuous traits as well as nine binary traits, including measurements related to body size or composition, calcium levels, cardiomegaly, dental cavities, hypotension, hearing loss, and other traits. (genomeweb.com)
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for age of puberty, nipple number and ovulation rate have been identified in Meishan crosses on pig chromosome 10q (SSC10) near the telomere, which is homologous to human chromosome 10p15 and contains an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene cluster with at least six family members. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the QTL regions is located on the long arm of pig chromosome 10 (SSC10q) near the telomere, which is homologous to human chromosome 10p15 [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the human, an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene family (AKR1C) has been identified near the telomere on chromosome 10p15 that contains at least six aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C genes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The human Y chromosome could disappear over time, putting our species in jeopardy. (theconversation.com)
The human Y chromosome has retained only 3% of its ancestral genes. (theconversation.com)
To characterize the types of by-products of somatic hypermutation, we analyzed aberrant rearrangements involving the immunoglobulin loci in a human B-cell line (Ramos) that performs Ig V gene hypermutation constitutively during culture. (lu.se)
The interaction of genes with each other and with environmental factors underlies many aspects of human health and disease. (who.int)

A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. (msdmanuals.com)

In the present study, we report on the mapping of a second MKS locus (MKS2) to chromosome 11q13, by homozygosity mapping in seven families that do not show linkage to chromosome 17q21-q24 (maximum LOD score 4.41 at recombination fraction .01). (nih.gov)
Then the researchers used a technology called SCRaMbLE (Synthetic Chromosome Recombination and Modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution) to shuffle the genes in the synthetic chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
The increase in variability that is a familiar result of the rearing of second generations from crosses between different races is certainly due chiefly to segregation and recombination of genes in which the parental races differed. (caltech.edu)

The report notes that the gene, eed, when functioning normally in female mouse embryos, keeps the paternal X chromosome inactive and many of its genes shut down in early placental cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Once the paternal X chromosome is shut down, then the cells must continue to divide and keep it shut down. (sciencedaily.com)
This gene is also involved in telling cells where to go in the embryo - to make head versus tail versus gut. (sciencedaily.com)
Without this gene functioning in the proper way, those cells move to the wrong place. (sciencedaily.com)
They were relieved to find that the yeast cells with the synthetic chromosome, called SynIII, generally functioned as well as cells with the natural chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
Chromosomes-which appear as stringlike structures within cells-had been discovered by cell researchers in the 1850's. (wikisummaries.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is one of a family of related proteins that transports glucose into cells by facilitated diffusion. (pearson.com)
This gene, MPO, located at 17q23.1, encodes an enzyme that is found in white blood cells and increases the ability of these cells to kill microorganisms. (pearson.com)
All living things that have eukaryotic cells , such as dogs, butterflies, and fish, have chromosomes in their cells. (windows2universe.org)
People with ring chromosome 14 syndrome have one copy of this abnormal chromosome in some or all of their cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Alternately, seizures might result from instability of the ring chromosome in some cells. (medlineplus.gov)
In some cases, the ring chromosome is present in only some of a person's cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Among them, 25 cases presented deletion of p16 gene in 21.43%-86.3% of the examined cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
A karyotype is a picture of the full set of chromosomes in a person's cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In addition, genes have instructions for making proteins in the cells. (cdc.gov)
In nonlymphoid cells, the Cκ gene replicated earlier than the Vκ families. (elsevierpure.com)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Prenatal Fanconi anemia diagnosis can be accomplished by demonstration of chromosome breaks in cells obtained in utero from chorionic villus biopsy, amniocentesis, or cord blood (by cordocentesis) or by identification of Fanconi anemia gene mutations in DNA extracted from fetal cells. (medscape.com)
correction of chromosome breakage or of impaired growth by a specific vector indicates that the cells have a mutation in that gene. (medscape.com)

Whether a placement of single genes in the proper chromosomal context, stacking a number of genes in the same chromosomal locus, rearrangement of existing chromosomal elements, or a global reconfiguration of the chromosomal structures is contemplated, the new genetic tools being developed provide technical capabilities to achieve goals that were only theoretical not long ago. (eurekaselect.com)
In a series of papers, Serebrovsky (1930), Dubinin (1929), Agol (1930) and their colleagues have described an extremely interesting group of bristle-reducing mutant genes lying at the scute locus of the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. (caltech.edu)
However, in contrast to the non-lymphoid cell lines, the replication of this locus occurred predominantly during the first half of S. The κ locus contains both early- and late-replicating genes, and early replication is usually associated with transcriptional activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping efforts in alcohol (ethanol) research are beginning to generate promising data that may ultimately lead to the identification of genes influencing alcohol addiction. (elsevierpure.com)

Sex-limited heredity[Sex limited heredity] The Mendelian factor, or gene, that determined white eyes was located on the same chromosome as the gene that determined male sex, or, as it turned out, on the male chromosome. (wikisummaries.org)

A study authored by UNC researchers and published in the August issue of "Nature Genetics" furthers the understanding of a fundamental biological process in mammals and contributes important new knowledge to gene regulation in the developing embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
This gene is activated from the X chromosome that's going to be shut down, which in early placental material is only the X from the father, according to Terry Magnuson, PhD, senior author of the new study and Kenan professor of genetics at UNC-CH School of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
A recent paper in this journal by Detlefsen(1) is introduced as follows: "There is a well intrenched concept of recent genetics that hereditary factors or genes may be given fairly definite loci on chromosome maps and that these maps correspond to or represent, roughly perhaps, the actual conditions in the chromosome. (caltech.edu)

This region of the chromosome has a cluster of genes that encode the hard proteins, which are involved in the formation of hair and nails. (pearson.com)
Genes vary in size, depending on the sizes of the proteins or RNA for which they code. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome consists of a DNA molecule and its associated proteins. (biotopics.co.uk)
Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins. (proprofs.com)
Proteins are essential molecules that perform various functions in the cell, such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing structural support, and regulating gene expression. (proprofs.com)
Genes can be compared to books in a library because they contain the instructions or information for making proteins, similar to how books contain knowledge. (proprofs.com)

Results: Numerical abnormalities of chromosome 9 were found in all studied cases. (iiarjournals.org)

Increased knowledge of genomics over the past two decades has made it apparent that the traditional category of genetic diseases represents only those conditions in which the genetic contribution is particularly marked, whereas in fact diseases can be arrayed along a spectrum representing the varied contribution of genes and the environment. (who.int)

This represents a first step towards the identification of a gene involved in hair follicle development and skin tumor formation. (nih.gov)
These changes may possess oncogenic properties by deregulating tumor-related genes. (columbia.edu)
The tumor suppressor gene p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (CDKN2A) is located within the chromosomal region 9p21 and encodes a cell-cycle protein that is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)-4 and -6. (iiarjournals.org)

Comparison of sequence data with the porcine BAC fingerprint map show that the cluster of genes resides in a 300 kb region. (biomedcentral.com)
The homologous region on mouse chromosome 13 contains a cluster of eight or nine AKR1C genes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, RB dependence of condensin II suggests that widespread misregulation of chromosome contacts and transcriptional alterations are a consequence of RB mutation. (bepress.com)
Patients with alterations in this gene can experience a progressive visual loss with onset of night blindness between 4 and 10 years of age. (pearson.com)
Chromosome 8 was found to harbor the most frequent copy number alterations. (jcancer.org)
The region was previously implicated in chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and a wide range of other cognitive, developmental, cardiac, immune, gastrointestinal, and psychiatric conditions, as well as facial and palate alterations. (genomeweb.com)

The discovery of sex-limited heredity revealed the association of Mendelian genes with chromosomes and the function of chromosomes in heredity. (wikisummaries.org)
Following the discovery of sex-limited heredity, Morgan saw that a concerted effort would be required to expound fully the Mendelian chromosome theory, and he therefore enlisted a group of exceptional students to share the work in his so-called fly room. (wikisummaries.org)

The paper is titled "Identification of IL6R and chromosome 11q13.5 as risk loci for asthma. (genengnews.com)
Even if they are considered to be intersexual, the abnormality may be induced by any one of at least seven different Minutes, or by other independent combinations of genes, and therefore cannot be used to support the view that there are very few loci involved in the determination of sex. (caltech.edu)
In these cases there is -- with the exception noted -- no evidence for gene interaction, either between allelomorphs or between genes at different loci. (caltech.edu)
Five of these lie in the X-chromosome, and a study of their linkage relations was shown to indicate that the sequence of the five loci concerned is the same in both species, and that the percentages of crossing over in comparable regions, while not indentical, is still not very different. (caltech.edu)
Castle(1) has proposed an arrangement of linked genes in three dimensions, based on the assumption that the distance between any two loci is exactly proportional to the observed crossover value. (caltech.edu)

In the new study, published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, researchers aimed to further understand how the Y chromosome confers protection against the disease. (uclahealth.org)
To conduct the experiment, which was done in mice, researchers silenced each gene, one by one, in the Y chromosome to tease out which gene is linked to the development of pulmonary hypertension. (uclahealth.org)
After observing each gene's function, the researchers found that the gene, Uty, stops an inflammatory pathway in the lungs in male mice and thereby halts the development of the disease. (uclahealth.org)
Researchers believe that several critical genes near the end of the long (q) arm of chromosome 14 are lost when the ring chromosome forms. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers are still working to determine which missing genes contribute to the signs and symptoms of this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Using array-based CNV profiles for more than 405,300 extensively phenotyped UK Biobank participants, the researchers studied traits or conditions associated with genes or regulatory sequences in the 22q11.2 region. (genomeweb.com)
From there, the researchers turned to transcriptome-wide and to multivariable Mendelian randomization approaches to delve further into the consequences of altered 22q11.2 gene expression and causal ties to the traits identified, respectively. (genomeweb.com)
In a Novartis-sponsored study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that a CRISPR-Cas9-based treatment targeting promoters of genes encoding fetal hemoglobin could reduce disease symptoms. (genomeweb.com)

Amplification of the ZNF703, PRDM14 and MYC genes were highly correlated suggesting that the genes displaying high copy number changes on chromosome 8 collaborate during lung carcinogenesis. (jcancer.org)
Data suggest that the p16 gene, located in the short arms of chromosome 9, may play a role in ovarian carcinogenesis. (iiarjournals.org)

We therefore performed linkage analysis with microsatellite markers of the X chromosome in three families. (nih.gov)
Using the IMpRH 7000rad and IMNpRH2 12000rad radiation hybrid panels, these 5 genes mapped between microsatellite markers SWR67 and SW2067 . (biomedcentral.com)

These were rs4129267 sited in the IL6R gene, and rs7130588 on chromosome 11q13. (genengnews.com)

Is the Subject Area "Chromosome mapping" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Linkage mapping of the porcine MC3R gene to chromosome 17. (muni.cz)
Only 61 (0.06%) of the markers displayed identifiable non-Mendelian transmission and neither of the two males typed were assigned a heterozygous state for any of the 178 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to the X chromosome. (diabetesjournals.org)
This is consistent with previous mapping of the BCP gene to chromosome 7q31-35. (ox.ac.uk)
When data were combined from BXD RI, B6D2F 2 and short- term selected line (STSL) mapping studies, verification was obtained for two QTLs, one on Chromosome (Chr) 9 (proximal-mid) and another on Chr 2 (distal), and suggestive verification was obtained for QTLs on Chrs 2 (proximal), 3, 4, 7, and 15. (elsevierpure.com)

Nucleus with chromosomes, DNA molecule (double helix), telomere and gene (length of DNA that codes for a specific protein). (istockphoto.com)
Analysis of the gene space of 5DS suggested an increasing gradient of genes organized in islands towards the telomere, with the highest gene density of 5.17 genes/Mb in the 0.67-0.78 deletion bin, 1.4 to 1.6 times that of all other bins. (biomedcentral.com)

Loss of function of the p16 gene has been reported to occur mainly by homozygous deletion, mutation or aberrant DNA methylation of the promoter of the region ( 5 - 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Some traits are caused by mutated genes that are inherited or that are the result of a new gene mutation. (msdmanuals.com)
FXS is caused by a change (mutation) in the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 ( FMR1 ) gene. (cdc.gov)
The group a female is in (normal, intermediate, premutation, or full mutation, as shown below) is based on her FMR1 gene copy with the greatest number of CGG repeats. (cdc.gov)
In GAs, new sets of hypotheses are formed from previous sets of hypotheses, either by selecting some full chromosome (generally of high fitness) to move forward to a new generation unscathed (selection), by flipping a bit of an existing full chromosome and moving it forward to a new generation (mutation), or, most commonly, by breeding child chromosomes for the new generation by using an existing set's genes as parents. (kdnuggets.com)
SUMMARY A direct correlation between HIV infection and mutation in the chemokine receptor ( CCR5 ) gene has been established. (who.int)
HIV-1 is influenced by a mutation in the 1 infection with a typical delay of 2-4 years chemokine receptor ( CCR5 ) gene [ 3,4 ]. (who.int)
it must be considered and tested for using chromosome breakage in blood or fibroblasts, or germline mutation analysis. (medscape.com)

for instance, carriers of sickle-cell disease and thalassaemia genes may be protected from contracting malaria. (who.int)

In this study, the BCP gene has been localised to chromosome 7q31.3-32 by fluorescent in situ hybridisation of cosmid clones containing the gene. (ox.ac.uk)
Screening the porcine CHORI-242 BAC library with a full-length AKR1C4 cDNA identified 7 positive clones and sample sequencing of 5 BAC clones revealed 5 distinct AKR1C genes ( AKR1CL2 and AKR1C1 through 4 ), which mapped to 126-128 cM on SSC10. (biomedcentral.com)

As a result, it negatively regulates cyclin-D-dependent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) gene product, thus blocking cell-cycle progression from G 1 -to S-phase ( 2 - 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)

A region of homozygosity harboring the neonatal diabetes disease gene on chromosome 10p12.1-p13 was identified (multipoint logarithm of odds score 3.25). (diabetesjournals.org)
A region of shared homozygosity on chromosome 10p13-p12.1 was identified in the three affected individuals. (diabetesjournals.org)

2. New linkage maps of all the chromosomes are presented. (caltech.edu)
12) and Morgan (Science, '12) have reported the linkage relations of two non-sex-linked genes, black and vestigial. (caltech.edu)

It has been shown above that crossovers between X chromosome segments inverted with respect to one another influence the orientation of the meiotic tetrads in such a way as to eliminate the single crossover chromatids, leaving a normal non-crossover one in the reduced egg nucleus. (caltech.edu)

This summary discusses chromosome 15q14 deletions and the loss of the MEIS2 gene. (chromodisorder.org)
15q14 deletions (deletions occurring within this region of the long arm of chromosome 15) are known to cause cleft palate, intellectual disability, congenital heart defects, and facial dysmorphism. (chromodisorder.org)
The frequency of deletions were much lower and the most frequently deleted gene was ADAM9. (jcancer.org)
Single-nucleotide substitutions account for 95% of the mutational events in the VH gene, with small deletions and duplications accounting for most of the remaining. (lu.se)

The Science paper describes the reconstruction of yeast chromosome III, which regulates mating behavior and other functions. (nbcnews.com)
The present study is concerned chiefly with the behavior of a duplicating chromosome derived from the undescribed scute allelomorph known as scute-10-2. (caltech.edu)
A new study of nearly 500,000 individuals finds that many genes affect same-sex behavior, including newly identified candidates that may regulate smell and sex hormones. (theconversation.com)

Here, we profile eight genomes of the bivalve mollusc family of Pectinidae in a phylogenetic context and show 350 million years sex-chromosome homomorphy, which is the oldest known sex-chromosome homomorphy in the animal kingdom, far exceeding the ages of well-known heteromorphic sex chromosomes such as 130-200 million years in mammals, birds and flies. (nature.com)
As female mammals have two X chromosomes (XX) and males an X and Y (XY), imbalance occurs because female embryos have twice as many X-linked genes. (sciencedaily.com)
It has been suggested by Haldane (1935) and by Irwin (1939) that many of the erythrocyte antigens of birds and mammals are rather direct gene products. (caltech.edu)

A peek at tardigrades' genetic diaries may dispel a rumor about an amazing feat the tiny creatures were supposed to perform: borrowing large numbers of genes from other organisms. (sciencenews.org)

The pins and white diamonds on this illustration show where changes were made in the native sequence of yeast chromosome III to produce a custom-designed synthetic chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
So far we have found at least fourteen different gene-sequences in wild stocks, and have found that in most geographical regions several sequences are present, though no single sequence appears to occur throughout the range of the species. (caltech.edu)
These duplicated genes maintain a high degree of sequence similarity, but differ greatly in their substrate specificity and tissue expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)

Given that no specific gene in this region has been directly implicated in allergic disease previously, further characterization of this region of association is likely to discover novel molecular mechanisms involved in the causality of eczema, atopy, and asthma. (genengnews.com)
Other studies have shown that the gene Xist is responsible for putting the molecular brakes only on the X chromosome. (sciencedaily.com)
An Rb-condensin II complex mediates long-range chromosome interactions and influences expression at divergently paired genes" Molecular and Cellular Biology Vol. 40 Iss. (bepress.com)
Identification of 5p gene targets in CC denotes an important step towards biomarker development and forms a framework for testing as molecular therapeutic targets. (columbia.edu)
Hatton, KS & Schildkraut, CL 1990, ' The mouse immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes are located in early- and late-replicating regions of chromosome 6 ', Molecular and cellular biology , vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 4314-4323. (elsevierpure.com)

Belling(1) suggested that the chromosome rings found in Oenothera by Cleland(2) and others are to be explained as resulting from exchanges of ends between non-homologous chromosomes, so that one chromosome of a given complex is homologous at one end to one chromosome of a second complex, and at the other end to a different chromosome of the second complex. (caltech.edu)

In an obvious nod to biology, a chromosome is a single hypothesis of which many make up a population. (kdnuggets.com)

SMC5/6 is required for replication fork stability and faithful chromosome segregation during neurogenesis. (nih.gov)

Genes are located in the center of each cell in tiny but complex molecules called chromosomes. (windows2universe.org)
The chromosome molecules contain all sorts of information about what makes you special and different from everyone else. (windows2universe.org)

Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments on Drosophila led to the discovery of the principles of the gene-chromosome theory of hereditary transmission. (wikisummaries.org)

Studying a subset of Middle Eastern and northern African MKS families, we have recently excluded the chromosome 17 region and have suggested a genetic heterogeneity. (nih.gov)

and protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region. (nih.gov)
By this technique, the gene coding for restin (RSN) was assigned to chromosome region 12q24.31→q24.33, while localization of the α-2-macroglobulin receptor (A2MR) was refined to 12q13.1→q13.3. (karger.com)
The region between yvsA (293°) and yvqA (289°) of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome has been sequenced within the framework of the B. subtilis 168 international sequencing programme. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The region included a high proportion of genes that did not show homology with genes in other bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The small chromosome, made up of the left end of X attached to the spindle-fibre region of 4, may be obtained in individuals (of either sex) that are otherwise normal diploids. (caltech.edu)
NEW YORK - With the help of a phenome-wide association analysis of UK Biobank data, a team from Switzerland, Brazil, and the UK has started untangling the population-wide consequences of copy number variants (CNVs) in a chromosome 22 region known as 22q11.2. (genomeweb.com)
Meanwhile, enhanced expression of another gene in the region - the potential regulatory gene DGCR6 - appeared to cause a dip in mean platelet volume. (genomeweb.com)
The murine immunoglobulin kappa (κ) light-chain multigene family includes the constant region (Cκ), joining-region genes, and approximately 30 kappa-variable (Vκ) region families. (elsevierpure.com)

The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes suggest a mechanism for 'inheritance' turnover of sex-determining genes that is mediated by translocation of a sex-determining enhancer. (nature.com)

They also inserted strings of DNA to serve as identifying markers, as well as codes for shuffling the genes in the chromosome like sections in a loose-leaf binder. (nbcnews.com)

The database was last updated on August 3, 2023, with a total number of cases=76,835, a total number of unique gene fusions=33,710 and a total number of genes involved=14,059. (wikipedia.org)

Before fertilization, the cytoplasm of the eggs deposited by race B females is so influenced by the chromosomes present in it, that an interaction between this cytoplasm and the autosomes of race A (introduced by the spermatozoon) results in the development of small testes in males arising from such eggs. (caltech.edu)

Mertens F, Antonescu CR, Mitelman F: Gene fusions in soft tissue tumors: recurrent and overlapping pathogenetic themes. (lu.se)

Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
The sensitivity and specificity of such testing can now be improved as a result of the recent discovery of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulatory (CFTR) gene. (cdc.gov)
The discovery of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulatory (CFTR) gene (5) renewed interest in this possibility, as the sensitivity and specificity of testing could be improved through DNA-based testing. (cdc.gov)

One of the candidates identified was Drosha (RNASEN), a gene that is required in the first step of microRNA (miRNA) processing in the nucleus. (columbia.edu)
Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes are found in the nucleus of a cell. (proprofs.com)

Therefore, identification and characterization of the chromosome regions with DNA copy number alteration in Western and Asian countries is important to unravel the mechanism underlying lung tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Interphase chromosomes are organized into topologically associated domains in order to establish and maintain integrity of transcriptional programs that remain poorly understood. (bepress.com)

Anatomy66

Organisms12

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes170

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Contains 23 pairs of chromosomes3

Genomic8

Aberrations8

Cancer22

Humans11

Pair6

Pairs8

Bacterial Artificial1

Genome11

Human30

Thousands of genes1

Recombination3

Cells21

Locus4

Male chromosome1

Genetics3

Proteins6

Abnormalities1

Genomics1

Tumor3

Cluster2

Alterations4

Heredity2

Loci5

Researchers8

Carcinogenesis2

Microsatellite markers2

11q131

Mapping5

Telomere2

Mutation8

Sickle Cell Di1

Clones2

Progression1

Homozygosity2

Linkage2

Segments1

Deletions4

Behavior3

Mammals3

Organisms1

Sequence3

Molecular5

Homologous1

Biology1

Segregation1

Molecules2

Hereditary1

Subset1

Region8

Inheritance1

Markers1

20231

Cytoplasm1

Tumors1

Regulatory3

Nucleus4

Identification1

Transcriptional1