Generation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide. Medical search. Frequent questions

ROS such as superoxide anion hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide can initiate improper. (tech-strategy.org)
The generations of ROS, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical can result in the damage to cell membranes. (ijbs.com)
HP-NAP induces superoxide anion generation, adhesion and chemotaxis of neutrophils, via a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway involving MAP kinases. (abeomics.com)
This superoxide anion is then converted to relatively bactericidal reactive oxidants, such as hydroxyl radical (OH - ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), peroxynitrite anion (ONOO - ), and oxyhalides (HOX - , in which the X moiety is most commonly chlorine). (medscape.com)

Conclusions NOX enzymes are an essential group of enzymes that generate superoxide which is required for the generation of other ROS like hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radicals. (ezh2inhibitor.com)

This image shows the proposed mechanism for the in-situ generation of Fe2+ and H2O2, and degradation of lignin and cell wall macromolecules by GTD fungi. (internationalwinechallenge.com)
Through a type of Chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) reaction, Fe2+ and H2O2 react and generate hydroxyl radicals. (internationalwinechallenge.com)
This switching ability enables the CDsomes to exert photocatalytic oxidase- and peroxidase-like activities in their on- (bright) and off- (dark) states, respectively, resulting in the conversion of oxygen molecules into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), followed by the generation of active hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH). (ntou.edu.tw)
and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). (ucla.edu)
Prediction of carbofuran degradation based on the hydroxyl radical's generation using the FeIII impregnated N doped-TiO2/H2O2/visible LED photo-Fenton-like process. (journalingeniar.org)

Furthermore, according to Fenton chemistry, these transition metal ions can be further oxidised by hydrogen peroxide to generate a highly reactive hydroxyl radical. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of free iron facilitates the generation of very reactive hydroxyl radicals. (ersjournals.com)

The researchers made oxygen-deficient titania nanoparticles that catalyzed hydroxyl radical production from hydrogen peroxide. (techfrontlines.com)

The photo-fenton chemistry responsible for the generation of the hydroxyl radical, which is responsible for the anti-microbial properties of honey 2 , is elevated in Manuka honey due to the higher phenolic content as well as high mineral content of Manuka honey. (ohbeehave.co.nz)
2013). In a traditional Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 Fenton system, the soluble Fe 2+ catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide reaction to produce hydroxyl radicals with strong oxidation ability (Neyens and Baeyens 2003). (ncsu.edu)
One hydrogen peroxide oxidizes two Fe2+ ions, thus preventing hydroxyl radical production by the Fenton reaction. (abeomics.com)
We find that ethylmercury not only inhibits mitochondrial respiration leading to a drop in the steady state membrane potential, but also concurrent with these phenomena increases the formation of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and Fenton/Haber-Weiss generated hydroxyl radical. (currenthealthscenario.com)
However, this redox activity also confers toxic properties onto copper when it is present in the free ionic form: free copper can participate in Fenton-like chemical reactions to generate the highly toxic hydroxyl radical from hydrogen peroxide and superoxide [ 3 - 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Selective inhibition of the copper efflux in microbes is expected to raise their copper levels, accelerate the Fenton reaction, and augment the production of free radicals. (biorxiv.org)

Among various mechanisms, the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in vascular cells has also widely been reported to be involved in ROS generation. (hindawi.com)
Cigarette smoke is a major source of oxidants, e.g. free radicals, including semiquinone and hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, in the lungs 3 . (ersjournals.com)
Nitric oxide synthase synthesizes (free radical) the free radical NO. Like cytochrome P450 enzymes, NO synthase uses Fe-heme, FAD, Fig 24. (ecoshelta.com)
Cytochemical localization of nitroblue tetrazolium salts and generation of superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide levels were measured. (molvis.org)
Subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite led to severe oxidative damage in the lenticular tissues, shown by increased formation of formazan crystals, elevated generation of superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radicals, and elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and protein expression that possibly contributed to the opacification of the lens and thus cataract formation. (molvis.org)
When rat pups were treated with intraperitoneal administration of the extract of C. maritima , the generation of free radicals as well as the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase were maintained at near normal levels. (molvis.org)

It uses oxidants such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide to degrade organic contaminants, like pharma, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. (wastewaterhub.com)
We have investigated the toxicology of Thimerosal in normal human astrocytes, paying particular attention to mitochondrial function and the generation of specific oxidants. (currenthealthscenario.com)

These transition metal ions will then reduce dissolved oxygen into a superoxide radical - this will then react with hydrogen to form hydrogen peroxide. (wikipedia.org)

This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)
Though oxygen is peremptory for life, imbalances between antioxidant defense mechanisms, overproduction of ROS, or incorporation of free radicals from the environment to living systems lead to oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
This review focuses on an emerging topic, the functional involvement of AQPs in ROS membrane transport, with specific regard to the movement of hydrogen peroxide and NO into and out of cells, in both health and oxidative stress-induced diseases. (hindawi.com)
Persistent higher blood glucose levels generate free radicals that may lead to the development of oxidative stress in different parts of the body which further culminate to various complications such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, chronic kidney failure, ocular damage and vascular diseases. (ijpsr.com)
These special features render azulenyl nitrones of interest with regard to both their distinct ability to engender the convenient use of colorimetric detection to monitor free radical-mediated oxidative stress in biological systems, and to their potentially enhanced efficacy as neuroprotective antioxidants vs. those conventional nitrone spin traps earlier examined as such. (drlauda.at)
Although many factors have been implicated, cataract formation is primarily associated with oxidative stress produced by free radicals. (molvis.org)
Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a system exceeds the system's ability to neutralize and eliminate them. (nih.gov)
For years researchers have known that free radicals can cause cell degeneration, especially in the brain, and oxidative stress has been implicated in a growing list of human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cancer. (nih.gov)
Oxidative stress (OxS) constitutes a disturbance caused by an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and antioxidant system, which causes damage to biomolecules. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

the reaction releases a host of oxygen radicals that damage the woody tissue causing an almost cancer-like disease. (internationalwinechallenge.com)
respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)

Specifically, the flavonoids found in European blueberries (more specifically the anthocyanosidic extract) are powerful neutralizers of free radicals, [4] with the following benefits: they inhibit lipid peroxidation [5] (leathery coloration of aged skin) and prevent the degradation of collagen (fine lines, wrinkles, loss dehydration). (adamantaboutbeauty.com)
It also breaks down to form additional RNOS, including the free radical nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an effective initiator of lipid peroxidation. (ecoshelta.com)
Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
Depending on the damage of skin, the free radicals are increased and so that this causes the lipid peroxidation (LPO). (biomedcentral.com)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of highly reactive oxygen-bearing molecules including the hydroxyl radical (OH), superoxide radical (O2. (ucla.edu)

One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. (mdpi.com)
ROS include free radicals, reactive anions containing oxygen atoms, or molecules containing oxygen atoms that can either produce free radicals or become chemically-activated by them (e.g., hydroxyl radical, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrites). (nih.gov)

Iceberg lettuce was inoculated for 2 min with E. coli O157:H7 (6.0 log CFU/g) or P. fluorescens (6.0 log CFU/g) and then dip-treated in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control, 50 ppm chlorine, 3% hydrogen peroxide treatment or a 0.1%, 0.3%, or 0.5% microemulsion solution. (bvsalud.org)
Several solutions have been proposed for the bleaching of endodontically treated teeth, such as products derived from chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide at different concentrations, urea peroxide (carbamide peroxide) and sodium perborate, placed inside pulp cavity 8,24 . (bvsalud.org)
Reactive species derived from molecular oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) have been deeply studied and new radical species such as chlorine (RCS), bromine (RBS), and sulfur‐derived species have also been identified. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

In the extracellular fluid of cells, ascorbic acid dissociates into an ascorbate radical upon the reduction of transition metal ions, such as ferric or cupric cations. (wikipedia.org)

Waite TD , 2022 , 'Hydroxyl Radical Production via a Reaction of Electrochemically Generated Hydrogen Peroxide and Atomic Hydrogen: An Effective Process for Contaminant Oxidation? (edu.au)
Innovative OH active technology with efficient production of hydroxyl radicals, complies with the exposure limits against chemical agents adopted by the National Institute of Safety and Health (INSS), which purifies both air and surfaces through a chain reaction. (airtecnics.com)

In-vitro generation of hydroxyl radical in an ascorbate/ hydrogen -peroxide system, in-vitro luminol chemiluminescence and leukotriene-B4 release by alveolar macrophages, and acute inflammatory lung injury in the rat all increased with surface complexed iron. (cdc.gov)

Oxygen free radicals are naturally produced by mitochondrial and sperm plasma membrane and have beneficial and detrimental effects that cannot be overlooked. (scialert.net)
However, the over production of oxygen free radicals in sperm membrane decreases the antioxidant defense activity thereby leading to low sperm motility and viability, DNA fragmentation and protein denaturation. (scialert.net)
Spermatozoa are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as susceptible to be attacked by ROS or membrane lipid peroxide ion. (ijbs.com)
Highly damaged mitochondria are characterized by having very low membrane potentials, increased superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production, and extensively damaged mtDNA and proteins. (currenthealthscenario.com)
The assembled enzyme complex transports electrons from cytosolic NADPH across the membrane to molecular oxygen inside the phagolysosome to generate superoxide and other more toxic radicals, such as hydrogen peroxide mediated by superoxide dismutase and HOX. (medscape.com)

We also discovered that there's another set of small compounds that are produced by other fungi in the consortia, and these compounds are really good at producing hydrogen peroxide. (internationalwinechallenge.com)
Thus, RNOS can do as much oxidative and free radical damage as ent in smog, automobile exhaust, non-nitrogen-containing ROS, as well as nitrating and nitrosylating compounds. (ecoshelta.com)
research, published in the Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, showed successful degradation of pharmaceutical compounds using ozone and hydrogen peroxide-based AOP. (wastewaterhub.com)
However, these reactions invariably result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds that are unstable by having final layer of electrons unpaired and that, in trying to stabilize itself sequester electrons from other biomolecules, making them also destabilizes and, therefore, is no longer able to perform their duties properly, thus altering the homeostasis and, ultimately, causing cell death. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

Whenever these free radicals are produced, their effects are monitored by defence system of the body which includes antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidase (LPO). (ijpsr.com)

OTHER PROPERTIES Solutions of paraquat become intensely purple on reduction, due to the formation of a water soluble, relatively stable free radical, which absorbs at 400 nm. (inchem.org)
We have employed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to study free radical formation and electron partitioning in TROL-depleted chloroplasts. (nature.com)
CHAPTER 24 / OXYGEN TOXICITY AND FREE RADICAL INJURY 447 oxidizing agent that is stable and directly toxic. (ecoshelta.com)
Free radical now appears to be the fundamental mechanism underlying a number of neurologic and other disorders. (scialert.net)
To investigate the possible free radical-scavenging activity of an extract of Cineraria maritima on selenite-induced cataractous lenses in Wistar rat pups. (molvis.org)
The data generated by this study suggest that an ethanolic extract of C. maritima possibly prevents cataractogenesis in a rat model by minimizing free radical generation. (molvis.org)

When a bleaching gel is applied to teeth, hydrogen peroxide and peroxide-derived reactive oxygen species (mainly the hydroxyl radical) degrade pigments in stains. (techfrontlines.com)

It is postulated that the colloids interact with UVA light forming via transient metal phenolic protein coordination complexes which result in the generation of the hydroxyl radical through K+ electron capture event that uses UVA light and coordinated hydrogen peroxide produced by glucose oxidase. (ohbeehave.co.nz)
The generation of soft X-rays from hole formation after K+ electron capture of coordinated iron is also proposed. (ohbeehave.co.nz)

Early investigations used high atomic number (Z) materials [ 4 ], such as gold with the aim of increasing the cross-sectional radiation interaction and production of free radicals, which enhances radiation dose through extra photoelectron production [ 6 - 11 ]. (medsci.org)
Indeed, excess iron is involved in various chemical reactions that lead to the production of the hydroxyl radical, one of the most harmful free radicals. (adamantaboutbeauty.com)
Therefore, this review will attempt to discuss the relevance of free radicals and antioxidants in spermatozoa production and function. (scialert.net)
Oxygen free radicals generated by spermatozoa may be involved in the production of spermicidal cytotoxic end products [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
The production of high-energy short-lived species such as the hydroxyl radical via the colloid component of Manuka honey presents a significant challenge in the analysis of this biomaterial, any exposure to light of high energy leads to its deconstruction via rapid radical reactions and loss of biological activity. (ohbeehave.co.nz)
Therefore, preventing ROS production or scavenging of free radicals may be an effective strategy for preventing or delaying cataract formation or progression. (molvis.org)

DIRECT TOXIC EFFECTS OF NO OH NO, as a radical, exerts direct toxic effects by combining with Fe-containing com- H2N N N H pounds that also have single electrons. (ecoshelta.com)

When performing the restoration of teeth bleached with hydrogen peroxide at high concentrations (35% and 38%), self-etching adhesive system should be the first choice. (bvsalud.org)

The formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals is believed to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis of cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)

Due to evolutionary conditions in living beings, among other functions have been developed and selected defense systems against the deleterious action of free radicals. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

The generation of free radicals is part of the human antimicrobial defense system and is intended to destroy invading microorganisms, tumor cells, and other cells targeted for removal. (ecoshelta.com)
In the event of bacterial and fungal infection, rapid generation of ROS is essential for host defense. (encyclopedia.pub)
Therefore, ROS generation is important for effective antimicrobial defense, which can prevent inflammation and excessive tissue injury. (encyclopedia.pub)

To counteract the negative effects of excess ROS, spermatozoa and seminal plasma have several mechanisms to neutralize free radicals. (scialert.net)
To counteract oxidative damage, spermatozoa and seminal plasma have several mechanisms to neutralize free radicals. (scialert.net)

In radiobiology, explanations of the oxygen effect have previously emphasized the mechanistic involvement of superoxide or its complimentary acid, the hydroperoxyl radical (7). (docksci.com)

The possibility was examined that silica (14808607) and silicate dust exposure to ferric ion resulted in the surface complexation of iron with subsequent increases in in-vitro oxidant generation, in- vitro leukotriene-B4 release by alveolar macrophages, and acute inflammatory lung injury in the rat. (cdc.gov)
The lignins of the brown midrib corn stovers tested were significantly more condensed than a typical commercial corn stover and a significant finding was that pretreatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide increases the fraction of lignins involved in condensed linkages from 88-95% to ~99% for all the corn stovers tested, which is much more than has been reported in the literature for other pretreatments. (biomedcentral.com)

Removal of carbofuran in aqueous solution by using UV-irradiation/hydrogen peroxide. (journalingeniar.org)

2 Free radicals are highly unstable reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced regularly in various normal biological reactions in the human system. (ijpsr.com)
Azulenyl nitrones have been recently demonstrated to constitute a new class of nitrone-based spin traps with the unprecedented capacity to tag free radicals by yielding characteristically colored and highly visible diamagnetic (and paramagnetic) spin adducts. (drlauda.at)

Although many in vitro studies have studied hydrogen peroxide generation by ascorbic acid, the pharmacological mechanism of intravenous ascorbic acid in vivo is still unclear. (wikipedia.org)

The hydroxyl radical is much better at doing this than hydrogen peroxide itself, so researchers have tried to improve the bleaching capacity of low-concentration hydrogen peroxide by boosting the generation of powerful hydroxyl radicals. (techfrontlines.com)
Then, the researchers made a gel containing the nanoparticles, a carbomer gel, and 12% hydrogen peroxide. (techfrontlines.com)

Sequential reduction of oxygen leads to the formation of a number of ROS including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and hydroxyl ion. (nature.com)
Both quercetin and myricetin (two types of flavonoids found in this fruit) have iron chelating properties, meaning that they minimize the formation of free radicals stimulated by excess free iron and UV light and prevent accelerated aging. (adamantaboutbeauty.com)
formation, while the generation of other free radicals was monitored by Tiron. (nature.com)
FORMATION OF FREE RADICALS DURING PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INFLAMMATION In response to infectious agents and other stimuli, phagocytic cells of the immune system (neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes/macrophages) exhibit a rapid con- sumption of O2 called the respiratory burst. (ecoshelta.com)
We developed a method to grow aerosol particles into nascent cloud droplets and collect them directly into a reagent that measures OH radical formation. (ucla.edu)

Air courtain Recessed Compact combines the Kleenfan and OH technologies that through the effect of photocatalysis and the generation of hydroxyl radicals eliminate viruses, bacteria, odours and contaminating gases. (airtecnics.com)

Studies have shown that upon irradiation, anatase TiO 2 -NPs generate free radicals that facilitate the spontaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage nucleic acids (e.g. (medsci.org)
The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) offers been shown to mediate cellular responses to Age groups [26]. (tech-strategy.org)
UV-A rays, from the long-life led, act on the titanium dioxide of the turbine generation Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) than, through oxidation /reduction reactions, inactivate wide range of pathogenic microorganisms (viruses and bacteria). (airtecnics.com)
Metabolism of glutathione peroxidase, can further inflammation, and - along with oth- many exogenous agents through cy- convert these reactive species to er radical species - play key roles tochrome P450-mediated reactions wate r (Benzie, 2000) . (who.int)

Iron complexation by silica and silicate surfaces is associated with oxidant generation and acute inflammatory lung injury in the rat. (cdc.gov)
Three varieties of silica and silicate dusts were prepared by either iron loading their surfaces, wetting them with water, or treating them with deferoxamine in order to investigate the role of complexed iron in oxidant generation, mediator release, and acute inflammatory lung injury after mineral dust exposure. (cdc.gov)

Conversion of guanine to 8-hydrox- there is usually little damage because NO is present in low concentrations and Fe- yguanine by the hydroxy radical. (ecoshelta.com)
Unfortunately, the high levels of hydrogen peroxide in dentists' bleaching treatments can damage enamel and cause tooth sensitivity and gum irritation. (techfrontlines.com)
The gel bleached teeth just as well as a popular tooth whitening gel containing 40% hydrogen peroxide, with less damage to enamel. (techfrontlines.com)
Curiously, free radicals while having important chemical differences share similar mechanisms for damage at the level of biomolecules. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

The main focus of this work is to use grasses with a diverse range of lignin properties, and applying multiple lignin characterization platforms, attempt to correlate the differences in these lignin properties to the susceptibility to alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic deconstruction. (biomedcentral.com)

The respiratory burst is a major source of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, the hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and RNOS. (ecoshelta.com)

alkoxy radical) and molecular non-radical forms (H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide and 1 O 2 , singlet oxygen) 7 . (nature.com)
therefore, a better understanding of how this network operates at the molecular level should assist in developing the next generation of antibiotics. (biorxiv.org)

The goal of the current investigation was to examine lung injury, inflammation, oxidant generation, and effects on the lung global gene expression profile following a whole-body acute or sub-chronic inhalation exposure to COV. (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results from this exposure paradigm, including concentration, duration, and exposure chamber parameters, did not indicate significant and toxicologically relevant changes in markers of injury, oxidant generation, inflammation, and gene expression profile in the lung. (cdc.gov)

The excessive generation of oxygen free radicals in the form of ROS by abnormal spermatozoa and by contaminating leukocytes has been identified as one of the few defined etiologies for male infertility. (scialert.net)
Excessive generation of ROS in semen may be associated with reduced sperm fertilizing potentials. (ijbs.com)

All this in conjunction can contribute to the generation or aggravation of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, Parkinson and so on. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

Free radicals have beneficial or detrimental effects upon sperm functions, which depend on their nature and concentration. (ijbs.com)

NOX-derived ROS function in NPY Y2 receptor Agonist Storage & Stability diverse pathways in immunity like immunity to pathogens, generation of an adaptive immune response, cell signaling, and autoimmunity. (ezh2inhibitor.com)

Because previous approaches have had limitations, Xingyu Hu, Li Xie, Weidong Tian and colleagues wanted to develop a safe, effective whitening gel containing a catalyst that, when exposed to NIR light, would convert low levels of hydrogen peroxide into abundant hydroxyl radicals. (techfrontlines.com)

Response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the process parameters of CWPO process such as initial pH, catalyst dose, hydrogen peroxide dose, initial concentration of pyridine (Py) and quinolone (Qn) were chosen as the main variables, and total organic carbon (TOC) removal and total Fe leaching were selected as the investigated response. (eeer.org)
It can tackle persistent organic pollutants, reduce reliance on freshwater, and promote cleaner and safer water for future generations. (wastewaterhub.com)

It is these very high levels of NO that are associated with generation of H2N N RNOS and NO toxicity. (ecoshelta.com)
Includes Advanced Clever Control with purification program operation 24h/day, 4 levels of air quality indicator and replacement alarm of hydrogen peroxide purificant cartridge (around 3 months duration, dependiong on conditions). (airtecnics.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms8

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs156

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations3

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Health Care5

Anion4

Peroxynitrite1

H2O25

Reactive hydroxyl2

Catalyzed hydroxyl radical production1

Fenton6

Nitric6

Oxidants2

Dissolved oxygen1

Oxidative stress9

Oxygen radicals3

Lipid peroxidation4

Superoxide radical1

Molecules2

Chlorine3

Ions1

Reaction2

Ascorbate1

Membrane5

Compounds4

Catalase1

Free radical6

Degrade1

Electron2

Production6

Toxic1

High concentrations1

Induce1

Deleterious1

Defense3

Neutralize2

Hydroperoxyl1

Increases2

Aqueous1

Highly2

Vitro1

Researchers2

Formation5

Eliminate1

Species4

Inflammatory2

Damage4

Deconstruction1

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Molecular2

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Excessive2

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Convert1

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