Gene virus integration. Medical search. Frequent questions

In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Alphaviral envelope pseudotypes of retroviruses or lentiviruses are able to integrate the genes that they carry into the expansive range of potential host cells that are recognized and infected by the alphaviral envelope proteins E2 and E1. (genetherapynet.com)
Furthermore, the use of whole alphaviruses for gene therapy is of limited efficacy both because several internal alphaviral proteins are involved in the induction of apoptosis upon infection and also because the alphaviral capsid mediates only the transient introduction of mRNA into host cells. (genetherapynet.com)
Thus, striking improvements in recombinant antigen were achieved by alternative polyadenylation signals and fusion proteins containing targeting signals designed to enhance integration or retention of HBsAg in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of plant cells [6]. (scielo.br)
Compared to the delivery of recombinant proteins, gene therapy provides several advantages such as lower manufacturing costs and increased bioactivity of the produced proteins due to host-specific posttranslational modifications and correct folding of the locally produced growth factors. (genengnews.com)
However, prior to these integration events, E2 can interact directly with the E6 and E7 proteins and modulate their activities. (bris.ac.uk)
More than half of all human genes are alternatively spliced, so it is expected that alternative pre- mRNA splicing will be responsible for the identification of more than 90 percent of all human proteins. (genomicglossaries.com)
They afford protection against invading viruses, when combined with a series of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins. (bmj.com)
L genes encode viral capsid proteins. (medscape.com)
E proteins made by the viral genome promote the activation of host DNA replication mechanisms that can then be used by the virus during its own replication. (medscape.com)
Disruption of E1 and E2 allows for dysregulated downstream genes and the expression of E6 and E7 proteins, which are selectively maintained in virally induced tumors. (medscape.com)
The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Importantly, no integration of the HAC DNA was observed in the hESc lines, compared with the fibrosarcoma-derived control cells, where the exogenous DNA frequently integrated in the host genome. (nih.gov)
The DNA in each well (including DNA from the viruses infecting the bacterial cells) was then copied to produce enough DNA to individually sequence the genome of each cell. (elifesciences.org)
The viruses can shuttle bacterial genes between different host cells ( A ). This can lead to changes in the metabolism of the host bacteria if the new genes are expressed by the host cells ( B ). Co-infection of a host cell by two different viruses could lead to new combinations of genes in the bacterial genome ( C ). (elifesciences.org)
Genome organisation of Semliki Forest virus. (genetherapynet.com)
How could a DNA copy of this virus be produced and be inserted into the host genome? (virology.ws)
Nevertheless, the authors of a recent study found a DNA copy of the RNA genome of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a commonly studied arenavirus, integrated into host cell DNA. (virology.ws)
Therefore the contribution of non-retroviral RNA viruses to evolution of the mammalian genome might be greater than previously believed. (virology.ws)
In addition, it is possible that RNA virus vectors used for gene therapy could integrate into the human genome via the mechanism described in this study. (virology.ws)
Therefore the ability of specific RNA virus vectors to integrate into the human genome should be carefully tested before the vectors are approved for use in humans. (virology.ws)
Sir,I guess there might be retrotransposon - independent integration in other dsRNA viruses,but after integration we fail to find out the virus RNA genome,as during host genome replication virus RNA genome will be replaced by the DNA from DNA polymerases.Retrotransoson mediated RNA virome integration may not be universal. (virology.ws)
A temperate virus does not always cause immediate lysis following entry to a host, but can adopt a latent state, replicating its genome along with the host's genome after integration. (sciencedaily.com)
In HPV-induced tumours, misappropriate random integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome often leads to disruption of the E2 gene and the loss of E2 expression. (bris.ac.uk)
If CRISPR-Cas plasmids were to be used in humans, these plasmids could pose hazards by integrating a Cas gene into the genome. (idtdna.com)
It makes it possible to correct errors in the genome and turn on or off genes in cells and organisms quickly, cheaply and with relative ease. (bmj.com)
CRISPR/Cas9 is a gene-editing technology which involves two essential components: a guide RNA to match a desired target gene, and Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9)-an endonuclease which causes a double-stranded DNA break, allowing modifications to the genome (see figure 1 ). (bmj.com)
Here we present the genome of a new Streptomyces phage, ϕJoe, and investigate the conditions for integration and excision of the φJoe genome. (york.ac.uk)
Using an unbiased, next-generation sequencing-based approach, we identified the genome-wide integration loci in tissue samples (primarily liver) in 168 nonhuman primates (NHPs) and 85 humans naïve to rAAV exposure and 86 NHPs treated with rAAV in preclinical studies. (bvsalud.org)
Viral integration into the host cellular genome is a hallmark of malignant progression. (medscape.com)

What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
The deriving stable clones generated green fluorescent protein gene-expressing HAC at high frequency, which were stably maintained without selection for 3 months. (nih.gov)
HBsAg is the abundantly expressed envelope protein as a dimmer of two identical polypeptides encoded by the same gene. (scielo.br)
The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
Of note, functionally-relevant differences between humans and chimpanzees are observed regarding the 3 main components of this pathway: i) the protein sequences of immunes TFs binding MER41 LTRs, ii) the insertion sites of MER41 LTRs in the promoter regions of ID-associated genes and iii) the protein sequences of the targeted ID-associated genes. (biorxiv.org)
Altering murine leukemia virus integration through disruption of the integrase and BET protein family interaction. (chop.edu)
duce a specific protein, usually due to a single defective gene. (what-when-how.com)
Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
Highly specific and effective gene silencing of any disease can be achieved by an accurate knowledge of the target mRNA sequence and rational design of its complementary antisense agents for the downregulation of its protein message. (genomicglossaries.com)
The Arc gene, which contains remnants of a structural GAG retrotransposon sequence, produces a protein that self-assembles into capsid-like structures harboring Arc mRNA. (lu.se)
To enable the tracking of Arc molecules from individual neurons in vivo, we devised an adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated approach to tag the N-terminal of the mouse Arc protein with a fluorescent reporter using CRISPR/Cas9 homologous. (lu.se)
To enable the tracking of Arc molecules from individual neurons in vivo, we devised an adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated approach to tag the N-terminal of the mouse Arc protein with a fluorescent reporter using CRISPR/Cas9 homologous independent targeted integration (HITI). (lu.se)
The HLA-DQA1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein produced from the HLA-DQA1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DQB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
One of these haplotypes, known as DQ2, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*05:01 or HLA-DQA1*05:05 bound to the protein produced from HLA-DQB1 gene variants known as HLA-DQB1*02:01 or HLA-DQB1*02:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
The other haplotype, known as DQ8, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*03:01 or HLA-DQA1*03:02 bound to the protein produced from the HLA-DQB1 gene variant known as HLA-DQB1*03:02 . (medlineplus.gov)

This is the first report of successfully generating gene expressing de novo HAC in hESc, and is a significant step towards the genetic manipulation of stem cells and potential therapeutic applications. (nih.gov)
Alphavirus vectors carrying therapeutic or toxic genes used for intratumoral injections have demonstrated efficient tumor regression. (genetherapynet.com)
So far, viral and nonviral approaches suffer from major drawbacks hindering efficient gene therapeutic applicability: the immunogenicity of viral systems on the one hand, and the low gene transfer efficiency of nonviral systems on the other hand. (genengnews.com)
Our review provides the means to either construct a potent gene therapeutic vector de novo or to specifically address a bottleneck in the chain of events mandatory for therapeutic success. (genengnews.com)
Furthermore, it is used for immunization and as a potential therapeutic for gene replacement therapy in various inherited or acquired diseases. (genengnews.com)
Gene therapy represents the delivery of therapeutic factors as genetic information encoded on a DNA vector and has also become a potent tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (genengnews.com)
The following methods and tools for gene therapeutic vectors are not restricted to a specific type of therapeutical system or application and hence can be adapted to improve both viral and nonviral vectors. (genengnews.com)
Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
SB-001 is an adeno-associated virus-vectored (AAV)-based gene therapeutic agent that is administered intramuscularly, causing the expression of feline erythropoietin. (bvsalud.org)
2003). The therapeutic effects of different genes delivered by ment of the hGFAP promoter used here has been extensively studied and lentiviral vectors have been documented in a number of animal found to be up-regulated after several different stimuli both in vitro and models, both in rodents and primates, and examples include delivery in vivo in transgenic mice (Brenner et al. (lu.se)

Adeno-associated virus integration site 1 is a viral integration site that in humans is encoded by the AAVS1 gene located on chromosome 19. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteriophage-derived integrases are important tools for genetic engineering as they enable integration of heterologous DNA into the Streptomyces chromosome with ease and high efficiency. (york.ac.uk)

2 , 3 Viral gene transfer strategies [retroviruses, 4 adenoviruses, 5 adeno-associated viruses, 6 , 7 herpes viruses, 8 lentiviruses, 9 and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) 10 ] show by far the highest transfection efficiencies, whereas nonviral vectors are limited in their efficacy to deliver genes. (genengnews.com)

HAC are important vectors for investigating the organization and structure of the kinetochore, and gene complementation. (nih.gov)
Alphaviruses are of interest to gene therapy researchers, in particular the Ross River virus, Sindbis virus, Semliki Forest virus, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus have all been used to develop viral vectors for gene delivery. (genetherapynet.com)
Application of replication-deficient vectors leads to short-term expression, which makes these vectors highly attractive for cancer gene therapy. (genetherapynet.com)
The stable integration of viral genes is mediated by the retroviral interiors of these vectors. (genetherapynet.com)
Clinical gene therapy trials often involve genetically modified organisms (GMOs) like recombinant viral vectors. (genetherapynet.com)
This review summarizes different DNA vector modifications to enhance biological efficacy and efficiency of therapeutical vectors, aiming for low toxicity, high specificity, and biological efficacy-the cornerstones for successful translation of gene therapy into the clinic. (genengnews.com)
We aim to provide a step-by-step instruction to optimize their vectors to achieve the desired outcome of gene therapy. (genengnews.com)
12 , 13 Nevertheless, independently of used gene delivery strategy, optimized and improved DNA vectors are essential and will boost the promising field of gene therapy further to the clinics. (genengnews.com)
Here we describe a model system, SELective Expression and Controlled Transduction In Vivo (SELECTIV), that enables efficient and specific expression of transgenes by coupling adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors with Cre-inducible overexpression of the multi-serotype AAV receptor, AAVR. (nature.com)
Transgene expression using viral vectors provides an alternative, which allows for temporal expression of genes in mice with reduced cost and effort. (nature.com)
This ®nding will lead to the development of lentiviral vectors with autoregulatory capacities that may be very useful for gene therapy to the brain. (lu.se)
The use of viral vectors to deliver foreign genes to the brain is highly logical states in the human brain (Eng et al. (lu.se)

In particular, Dr. Roberts and his team are testing the hypothesis that HBx gene insertion leads to tumorigenesis by transactivating the hTERT promoter. (mayo.edu)
Promoter methylation of p16 INK4A , c-myc and hMSH2 genes was assayed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and sequencing (mapping). (wjgnet.com)
The CaMV promoter is a sequence of about 350 basepairs upstream of the 35S transcript (-343 to +8, with Cap site at +1), about 250 basepairs of which overlap with the 3' end of gene Vl, the last of the six large open reading frames. (i-sis.org.uk)
These studies show that the loss of up to 40 amino acids from the 3' end of gene Vl (which overlaps with the 35S promoter) had no effect on pathogenesis whereas further truncation into a putative zinc finger region was fatal to the virus. (i-sis.org.uk)
Here, we present evidence that the promoter regions of intellectual disability-associated genes are uniquely enriched in LTR sequences of the MER41 HERVs. (biorxiv.org)
Moreover, we have not found such a significant enrichment in the promoter regions of genes that associate with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or schizophrenia. (biorxiv.org)
Interestingly, ID-associated genes exhibit promoter-localized MER41 LTRs that harbor TF binding sites (TFBSs) for not only STAT1 but also other immune TFs such as, in particular, NFKB1 (Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1) and STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3). (biorxiv.org)

Two-Plasmid Packaging System for Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus. (umassmed.edu)
Stability and compatibility of recombinant adeno-associated virus under conditions commonly encountered in human gene therapy trials. (umassmed.edu)
Gruntman AM, Bish LT, Mueller C, Sweeney HL, Flotte TR, Gao G. Gene transfer in skeletal and cardiac muscle using recombinant adeno-associated virus. (umassmed.edu)
Gruntman AM, Mueller C, Flotte TR, Gao G. Gene transfer in the lung using recombinant adeno-associated virus. (umassmed.edu)
wild-type AAV [wtAAV]) and those used in gene therapy (recombinant AAV [rAAV]) into host genomic DNA has been documented for over two decades. (bvsalud.org)

Foreign gene sequences could be inserted into deletion mutants, which may alter the infectious characteristics of the virus. (i-sis.org.uk)
Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that both cell lines contain a copy of the viral glycoprotein (GP) gene joined to cellular sequences encoding an IAP (intracisternal A type) retrotransposon. (virology.ws)
Genomic integration of vector sequences, including complex concatemeric structures, were detected in 1 out of 100 cells at broadly distributed loci that were not in proximity to genes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)

murine leukemia virus in clinical trials. (what-when-how.com)
In September 2009, researchers from Utah discovered that the Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus (XMRV) was found in 27% of the 200 prostate cancer cases investigated. (mgrc.com.my)

Previous research has shown that HIV-1 integrates more frequently into human genes that are transcribed into RNA (the first step in gene expression), but the biological significance of this targeting has been unclear. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Feb. 10, 2020 A study of cultured bat cells shows that their strong immune responses, constantly primed to respond to viruses, can drive viruses to greater virulence. (sciencedaily.com)

Through this study, the research team is detecting the function of UCK2 and determining whether this gene can be a potential target for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. (mayo.edu)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)

Genetic surveys have revealed that the viruses and bacteria in the oceans are extremely diverse, yet the interactions between them can be highly specific. (elifesciences.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV )-1 may have evolved to integrate its genetic material into certain immune-cell-activating genes in humans, according to new research published in PLOS Pathogens . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Here we report a strategy for genetic transformation of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) using the surface antigen HBsAg of hepatitis B virus. (scielo.br)
One of the most exciting applications of CRISPR/Cas9 is its potential use to treat genetic disorders caused by single gene mutations. (bmj.com)

Furthermore, it is impossible to predict the characteristics of these viruses, the severity of the diseases they might induce and the scope of the outbreaks they can cause. (canada.ca)
These latent viruses can induce during times of stress, burst the cell, and liberate new viral particles into the environment. (sciencedaily.com)
Many constitutively active promoters are used to induce overexpression of exogenous genes ( Table 1 ). (genengnews.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

The transcriptional levels of p16 INK4A and MeCP2 genes did not display any difference between gastric cancerous and matched non-cancerous tissues. (wjgnet.com)
Furthermore, the cell cycle regulatory genes p16 INK4a and p14 ARF are noted to be altered in lesions of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. (medscape.com)

The Hepatobiliary Cancer Lab is identifying the key functions and pathways related to hepatitis B virus integration by examination of specific hepatitis B virus integration events. (mayo.edu)
Additional screens for MMTV provirus entry sites in tumors revealed several other upregulated genes that are associated with other gene development pathways such as INT2, INT3, and INT4 [4,5,6]. (chemdiv.com)
This research often requires the tissue-specific expression of transgenes to better mirror human diseases, to visualize pathways being studied or to modulate the expression of a disease-related gene. (nature.com)

The researchers purified viral particles from the poop of the donor and the recipients and conducted deep genomic sequencing to determine whether any viruses were transferred. (sciencedaily.com)
This study aimed to characterize the genomic location, abundance, and expansion of wtAAV and rAAV integrations in macaque and human genomes. (bvsalud.org)
Our results suggest that rAAV and wtAAV integrations exhibit similar, broad distribution patterns across species, with a higher frequency in genomic regions highly vulnerable to DNA damage or close to highly transcribed genes. (bvsalud.org)

The authors identified LCMV integration both in cultured cells and infected mice. (virology.ws)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

Halbleib JM, Sääf AM, Brown PO, Nelson WJ "Transcriptional Modulation of Genes Encoding Structural Characteristics of Differentiating Enterocytes During Development of a Polarized Epithelium In Vitro. (openwetware.org)
Sääf AM, Halbleib JM, Chen X, Tsan Yuen S, Yi Leung S, Nelson WJ, Brown PO "Parallels between Global Transcriptional Programs of Polarizing Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Gene Expression Programs in Normal and Colon Cancer. (openwetware.org)
Buess M, Nuyten DS, Hastie T, Nielsen T, Pesich R, Brown PO "Characterization of heterotypic interaction effects in vitro to deconvolute global gene expression profiles in cancer. (openwetware.org)
We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)
Improvements in the design of novel gene delivery agents have already led to several effective in vitro , in vivo , and ex vivo techniques, including growth factor delivery, short interfering RNA delivery, and gene replacement therapies. (genengnews.com)
ϕJoe integrase is active in vitro and in vivo The specific recognition site for integration is present in a wide range of different Actinobacteria, including Streptomyces venezuelae, an emerging model bacterium in Streptomyces research. (york.ac.uk)
These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)

Hum Gene Ther. (chop.edu)

Fortunately for patients who use this procedure, the viruses found to be transmitted in this study appear to be harmless to humans. (sciencedaily.com)
We could see bacterial viruses moving between humans and we were able to learn some things about transmission, but we did not see any viruses that grow on animal cells that may be of concern for infecting and harming patients," said Dr. Bushman. (sciencedaily.com)
A biological process that is crucial for gene expression in most animal life, including humans. (genomicglossaries.com)
This expansive and detailed characterization of AAV integration in NHPs and humans provides key translational insights, with important implications for the safety of rAAV as a gene therapy vector. (bvsalud.org)
For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)

Nonetheless, the application of nonviral gene delivery systems in vivo is gaining more popularity due to the disadvantages associated with viral systems such as detrimental immune responses and chromosomal integration. (genengnews.com)
Novartis agreed to provide access to the following discoveries: herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase technology, ex-vivo gene therapy covered by a broad U.S. patent, Factor VIII for hemophilia gene therapy and cytokines for use in cell expansion for ex-vivo gene therapy. (pharmexec.com)
The enhanced efficacy and exquisite specificity of SELECTIV has broad utility in development of new mouse model systems and expands the use of AAV for gene delivery in vivo. (nature.com)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)

Concerns have been raised over the spread of transgenic DNA by horizontal gene transfer. (i-sis.org.uk)
The development of transgenic mouse models that express genes of interest in specific cell types has transformed our understanding of basic biology and disease. (nature.com)

However, the transcription level of the above genes was not associated with biological behaviours of gastric cancers. (wjgnet.com)
related chemical compounds, physical agents (such as radiation) and biological factors (such as viruses). (who.int)
Among the biological agents re- because species specificity limits the causes lymphoproliferative diseas- viewed in Volume 100B of the IARC feasibility of this approach for most of es in New World monkeys and in Monographs (IARC, 2012) are sever- these viruses. (who.int)

HPV-negative tumors contained novel co-amplifications of 11q13 and 11q22, an event that likely promotes the interaction of BIRC2 and FADD , genes that together work to inhibit cell death. (cancer.gov)

In addition, many of these viruses represent zoonoses (zoonotic diseases), increasing the risk of introducing a virus with completely new immunogenic properties into the human population. (canada.ca)
presents an opportunity to manipulate gene expression within the cells to treat various diseases, and acts as a powerful tool for studying gene function utilizing antisense agents to manage the diseases by regulating the expression of the specific factor that actually causes the particular disease. (genomicglossaries.com)
3 Other potential clinical applications include gene therapy, treating infectious diseases such as HIV and engineering autologous patient material to treat cancer and other diseases. (bmj.com)

This gene encodes a member of the trithorax group of transcriptional activators. (cancerindex.org)

Because retrotransposons transpose most efficiently in the thymus and testicles, the recombination events described could lead to transmission of RNA virus genes in the germline. (virology.ws)
Germline mutations in the NOTCH1 , NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 genes cause Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, respectively ( 4 ), and DLL4-NOTCH3 signaling in human vascular organoids induces basement membrane thickening and drives vasculopathy in the diabetic microenvironment ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 is a gene-editing technology causing a major upheaval in biomedical research. (bmj.com)

Given Dr. Roossinck's background as a plant virologist, the plant kingdom receives its share of attention, as do viruses of bacteria, archaea, and fungi. (cdc.gov)
Most of these viruses infect bacteria, which are also found in huge numbers. (elifesciences.org)
However, it is challenging to link marine bacteria with their viruses because most of them cannot be cultured on artificial media in the lab, which is the traditional method for studying virus-bacteria interactions. (elifesciences.org)
In summer, viruses from the order Caudovirales (orange) and the family Microviridae (blue) become abundant at depths where the water contains very little oxygen (pale blue regions) because their hosts, SUP05 bacteria (black), are also abundant in these oxygen minimum zones. (elifesciences.org)
Fecal transplants are widely used in medicine now and they work, but you might ask what viruses are moved along with the desirable bacteria? (sciencedaily.com)
If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it triggers a response to attack the invading viruses or bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)

placental mammals might have evolved through integration of an endogenous retrovirus gene (actually a gene family). (cdc.gov)
We present a novel and efficient non-integrating gene expression system in human embryonic stem cells (hESc) utilizing human artificial chromosomes (HAC), which behave as autonomous endogenous host chromosomes and segregate correctly during cell division. (nih.gov)
Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
Using toxin-induced lesions we investigated to what extent transgene expression could be regulated in accordance with the activation of the endogenous GFAP gene. (lu.se)
The vast majority of these cells did not divide, suggesting that the transgene was indeed regulated in a similar fashion as the endogenous GFAP gene. (lu.se)
An aspect of gene delivery to the brain that is currently being regulate the endogenous GFAP expression in a lesioned brain. (lu.se)

Zika virus has emerged as a pathogen of greater notice, as the incidence of this infection has increased in the Caribbean and Brazil. (medscape.com)
Although most individuals with Zika virus infection are asymptomatic or have a benign viral illness characterized by fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis, it can cause severe brain defects, such as microcephaly, in the fetuses of women who become infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Zika virus infection in adults has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and meningoencephalitis. (medscape.com)
However, the expression of Sindbis virus envelopes may lead to apoptosis, and their introduction into host cells upon infection by Sindbis virus envelope pseudotyped retroviruses may also lead to cell death. (genetherapynet.com)
There are about 350 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in worldwide and these chronic carriers are responsible for one to five percent of infection spreading [1]. (scielo.br)
Background: specialized studies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and B-NHL (B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma) are limited, as well as prophylactic antiviral therapy for B-NHL patients with HBV infection who are receiving anticancer chemotherapy. (scirp.org)
It has also been proposed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) may be an etiologic agent of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) [15] - [17] , but relatively few studies have investigated the association between HBV infection and B-NHL. (scirp.org)
Proviral infection at the "site of the highest degree" was thought to be the mechanism of carcinogenesis, giving the first name to the gene found along this pathway as INT1. (chemdiv.com)
Based on infection of HT1080 cells with the pre-packaged virus format of SBI's BLIV 2.0 reporter MSCV-Luciferase-EF1a-copGFP-T2A-Puro (Cat# BLIV713VA-1) and the appropriate conditions for polybrene, TransDux, and TransDux MAX. (systembio.com)

Subtypes of the virus can be broadly divided into those that infect stratified squamous epithelium and those that infect mucosal epithelium. (medscape.com)

The oceans are home to a staggering number of viruses, roughly 10 30 , making them the most abundant organisms on the planet. (elifesciences.org)
The legislative framework for the application of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in clinical gene therapy research is provided by several European directives and regulations. (genetherapynet.com)

The gene content and arrangement are similar to retroviruses, but they lack an extracellular phase: they do not encode an env gene. (virology.ws)

Blood and any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood should be considered capable of transmitting hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (medscape.com)
Phylogenetically, CaMV belongs to a group of caulimoviruses most closely related to the hepadnaviruses of animals, which includes the human hepatitis B virus. (i-sis.org.uk)
Using the MCO tool, she conducted the joint analysis of Parkinson's disease with Dengue virus, West Nile virus, and Hepatitis C. Her work has been published in the journal PLOS ONE, and she has three additional peer-reviewed articles in the final stages of publication. (purdue.edu)

The development of liver-based adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapies is facing concerns about limited efficiency and durability of transgene expression. (bvsalud.org)

There are limitations to the use of alphaviruses in the field of gene therapy due to their lack of targeting, however, through the introduction of variable antibody domains in a non-conserved loop in the structure of E2, specific populations of cells have been targeted. (genetherapynet.com)
The results reported in this paper have enormous implications for evolution and for human gene therapy. (virology.ws)
Advertising opportunities on Gene Therapy Net include standard size banners as well as text ads. (genetherapynet.com)
You can also make a donation by PayPal and support the Gene Therapy Net website. (genetherapynet.com)
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are new medical products based on genes (gene therapy), cells (cell therapy) and tissues (tissue engineering). (genetherapynet.com)
Their simple modular structure and single open reading frame format are highly amenable to gene therapy-mediated delivery. (frontiersin.org)
A more practical and cost-effective strategy would be to use antibody gene therapy which would provide long term sustainable protection through antibody production within the patient. (frontiersin.org)
Gene therapy represents a potent therapeutical application for regenerative medicine. (genengnews.com)
Although most of the introduced techniques can be translated into different areas, this review primarily addresses improvements for applications in transient gene therapy in the field of tissue engineering. (genengnews.com)
The companies' settlement agreement with the FTC addressed three areas where there was an overlap of Sandoz's and Ciba-Geigy's businesses in North America: corn herbicides, flea and tick control products, and gene therapy. (pharmexec.com)
In gene therapy, the government sought to prevent a potential monopoly thatdoesn't yet exist because the company's products are still in the pipeline. (pharmexec.com)
Ciba, through its 46.5% ownership of Emeryville, CA-based Chiron Corp., and Sandoz are two of only a few entities capable of commercially developing a broad range of gene therapy products, the FTC alleged. (pharmexec.com)
The FTC proposed to require, among other things, the licensing of specified gene therapy technology and patent rights to Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA. (pharmexec.com)
Novartis retains royalty rights and will have a cross-license option from potential licensees in cytokines and gene therapy for herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase. (pharmexec.com)
Integration of human intelligence, cognitive computing and explainable artificial intelligence is necessary to construct a Notch‑related knowledge‑base and optimize Notch‑targeted therapy for patients with cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
Results from mouse and dog studies have raised concerns of insertional mutagenesis and clonal expansion following AAV exposure, particularly in the context of gene therapy. (bvsalud.org)
The ability to regulate transgene expression will be crucial for development of gene therapy to the brain. (lu.se)

The RNA genomes of these viruses are copied via an RNA intermediate, entirely in the cytoplasm of the cell. (virology.ws)
The attB site for ϕJoe integrase was occupied in several Streptomyces genomes, including S. coelicolor, by a mobile element that varies in gene content and size between host species. (york.ac.uk)

These include Release of Insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal system and Wolbachia , an endosymbiotic bacterium, to inhibit dengue virus in the vector. (who.int)
She has recently been nominated to serve as a member of the Africa Integrated Vector Management (IVM) Advisory Panel of Experts of the African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) on vector control emerging technology, including the Gene Drive technology for Malaria Control and Elimination in Africa. (who.int)

All HPV subtypes contain early (E) genes and late (L) genes, which are essential to viral integration and replication. (medscape.com)

Each MHC class II gene has many possible variations, allowing the immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. (medlineplus.gov)

Some temperate bacteriophages can be of medical concern, such as ones that carry toxin genes or contribute to antibiotic resistance, but they are much less of a concern than animal cell viruses. (sciencedaily.com)

Of particular interest are the chimeric viruses that may be formed with alphaviral envelopes and retroviral capsids. (genetherapynet.com)
Retrotransposons may be retroviral progenitors, or degenerate forms of these viruses. (virology.ws)

The average mRNA level of Dnmt1 gene from cancerous tissue was higher and that of mbd2 gene from cancerous tissue was lower than that from non-cancerous tissue, respectively. (wjgnet.com)
High- fidelity mRNA amplification for gene profiling. (genomicglossaries.com)

Rubins KH, Hensley LE, Wahl-Jensen V, Daddario Dicaprio KM, Young H, Reed DS, Jahrling PB, Brown PO, Relman DA, Geisbert TW "The temporal program of peripheral blood gene expression in the response of non-human primates to Ebola hemorrhagic fever. (openwetware.org)

Transcription Factors, Gene Regulatory Networks, and Agronomic Traits. (routledge.com)
These are the same T cell genes inhibited by digoxin, and since replication of integrated HIV-1 requires transcription of nearby genes, this provides an explanation for why wild type HIV-1 is more susceptible to digoxin: digoxin represses the genes that the virus more frequently targets for integration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
First, histones collaborate with transcription factors to provide for their own removal or structural modification, resulting in gene derepression. (nature.com)

In this work, we modified the herpes simplex virus type 1 amplicon system for efficient transfer of HAC DNA into two hESc. (nih.gov)

Sood R, Zehnder JL, Druzin ML, Brown PO "Gene expression patterns in human placenta. (openwetware.org)
Gene transfer, a method to introduce exogenous genes into host cells, represents the state-of-the-art technology to evaluate functions and expression patterns of genes. (genengnews.com)

We speculate that the temperate replication style exists, in part, to promote virus dispersal, to allow viruses to reach new environments where they can flourish," said Dr. Bushman. (sciencedaily.com)
E genes are responsible for episomal replication. (medscape.com)

The authors report that their findings represent the first demonstration of a functional link between changes in T cell activation and targeting of specific integration sites by HIV-1. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Palmer C, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Brown PO "Cell-type specific gene expression profiles of leukocytes in human peripheral blood. (openwetware.org)
At least two specific combinations of HLA gene variants (HLA haplotypes) have been found to increase the risk of developing celiac disease, a disorder in which inflammation damages the intestinal tract and other organs and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
These results show that LMP1 , mour viruses classified by IARC in EBV-specific T-cell response. (who.int)

Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)

Further analysis showed that wild type HIV-1 tends to integrate itself into or near genes affecting CD4+ T cell activation and metabolism more frequently than does the mutant strain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In this paper, we report that HIV-1 prefers to integrate into o near genes that control such changes in CD4+ T cells so that the virus is better able to remain coupled to the CD4+ T cell status. (medicalnewstoday.com)

By contrast, somatic alterations in the genes encoding Notch signaling components drive various types of human cancer, such as breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The integration of HPV, a virus harboring oncoproteins E6 and E7 that cause HPV positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, is linked to increased somatic copy number variants. (cancer.gov)

Influenza virus continues to be a major public health concern, causing both annual epidemics and occasional pandemics ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
In a pandemic, a new influenza virus emerges and infects the human population which has little or no pre-existing immunity ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Although antiviral drugs such as Oseltamivir are available to control the spread of the virus their effectiveness is limited in treating patients with influenza ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the past few decades, there has been rapid spread of numerous severe viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola and Zika. (canada.ca)
For example, influenza A virus/H1N1 led to a phase 6 pandemic alert in 2009 but caused relatively mild symptoms compared with the 1918 pandemic (the "Spanish flu") that resulted in the death of 50 million people Footnote 2 . (canada.ca)

The transmission of traits encoded in GENES from parent to offspring. (bvsalud.org)

The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 · Chapter 9. (who.int)

Fusions of fibroblast growth factor receptor genes with other partner genes were recently discovered in cholangiocarcinoma. (mayo.edu)
The Hepatobiliary Cancer Lab is identifying and characterizing fibroblast growth factor receptor family gene aberrations and determining the effectiveness of targeting the aberrations in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. (mayo.edu)
Rinn JL, Bondre C, Gladstone HB, Brown PO, Chang HY "Anatomic demarcation by positional variation in fibroblast gene expression programs. (openwetware.org)

Transcriptomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics: Integration of Latest Technologies for Improving Wheat Productivity in Future. (routledge.com)

Combinations of variations in the HLA-DQA1 gene and other HLA genes affect the risk of type 1 diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
Type 1 diabetes risk is most increased by two HLA haplotypes involving variations of the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes and another HLA gene called HLA-DRB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
Variations in other genes and environmental factors are also thought to affect the risk of this complex disorder. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy6

Organisms72

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Proteins13

Genome18

Protein17

Therapeutic10

Chromosome2

Adeno-associated viruses1

Vectors12

Promoter7

Recombinant5

Sequences3

Murine2

Human genes1

20201

Hepatocellular carcinoma2

Genetic4

Induce4

INK4A2

Pathways3

Genomic3

Mice3

Vitro7

Ther1

Humans6

Vivo4

Transgenic2

Biological3

Tumors1

Diseases3

Transcriptional1

Germline2

CRISPR1

Bacteria6

Endogenous6

Infection9

Infect1

Organisms2

Encode1

Hepatitis3

Therapies1

Therapy17

Genomes2

Vector2

Viral integration1

Immune1

Toxin1

Retroviral2

MRNA2

Temporal1

Transcription3

Herpes1

Patterns2

Replication2

Specific4

Datasets1

Integrate2

Somatic2

Influenza5

Traits1

Species2

Fibroblast3

Proteomics1

Variations3