Gene transcription activating transcription factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Chromosomal abnormalities, HLA phenotypes, and polymorphisms of various genes have been associated with acne. (springer.com)
Transcription factors (TFs) drive gene expression programs that shape specific phenotypes [ 3 ], and are frequently dysregulated in cancer [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Thus, MRs comprise typically a small number of TF-encoding genes (and their products) that control a disproportionate level of gene expression, giving rise to distinct molecular phenotypes associated with a particular disease. (aging-us.com)
Since the expression of genes defining discrete phenotypes is highly coordinated, application of reverse engineering algorithms to transcriptome datasets allows interpreting transcriptional networks by defining MRs and their associated regulons and gene circuits. (aging-us.com)
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)

This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The functional classification was verified by experimental confirmation of the prediction that the gene encodes a flavonol regulator. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
This gene encodes a member of the zinc finger superfamily of transcription factors whose expression, thus far, has been found only in neuronal tissues. (nih.gov)
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an acute and persistent swine virus with a high economic burden that encodes multiple genes to evade host immune response. (mdpi.com)
This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. (cancerindex.org)
HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) direct a remarkable number of diverse functions in development and disease through their regulation of transcription, RNA processing and translation. (nature.com)
C) Gene regulation by transcription factors and microRNAs. (nationaljewish.org)
Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
The epigenetic regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression is crucial for human development. (researchgate.net)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
Achieving systematic, genome-scale perturbations within intact biological systems is important for elucidating gene function and epigenetic regulation. (cdc.gov)
Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
Moreover, this regulation relies on insulin gene expression through the activation of CaMKII and MafA. (lu.se)

thus, it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. (wikipedia.org)
This "closed" chromatin status covers the promoter regions on CD28 that STAT hits to activate it. (newswise.com)
With vorinostat relaxing the chromatin, IL-21-generated STAT3 activated CD28, resulting in expansion of T cells bearing the markers for central memory T cells. (newswise.com)
Remodeling transforms the condensed chromatin to a relaxed form, inducing the gene expression necessary for pluripotency. (jove.com)
Unlike methylation, acetylation weakens histones' interaction with DNA and loosens the chromatin to make it accessible to transcription factors. (jove.com)
Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. (jove.com)
In this closed state, chromatin structure becomes an obstacle for eukaryotic transcription by impeding the interaction of RNA polymerase machinery and most transcription factors (TFs). (cytoskeleton.com)
This subset of transcription factors, known as pioneer transcription factors (PTFs), possess the ability to engage closed chromatin that is not accessible by other types of transcription factors, establish gene expression, and elicit cell reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
PTFs also enable other transcription factors, histone modifiers, and nucleosome remodeling complexes to alter the chromatin state and promote gene expression of silenced genes. (cytoskeleton.com)
The transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 were found to trigger endogenous expression of pluripotent genes [2] and were identified as PTFs due to their ability to access closed chromatin [3] . (cytoskeleton.com)
Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Bivalent promoters are defined by the presence of both activating (H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K27me3) chromatin marks. (researchgate.net)
Activated transcription factors in conjunction with chromatin remodelers induce epigenetic changes that reprogram IFN responses. (lu.se)
Human gene expression is regulated by more than 2,000 transcription factors and chromatin regulators1,2. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we systematically measure the effector activity of more than 100,000 protein fragments tiling across most chromatin regulators and transcription factors in human cells (2,047 proteins). (bvsalud.org)
Our systematic annotation and characterization of effector domains provide a rich resource for understanding the function of human transcription factors and chromatin regulators, engineering compact tools for controlling gene expression and refining predictive models of effector domain function. (bvsalud.org)
Combining genome comparisons with extensive regulatory datasets in developing fins-including gene expression, chromatin occupancy and three-dimensional conformation-we find skate-specific genomic rearrangements that alter the three-dimensional regulatory landscape of genes that are involved in the planar cell polarity pathway. (bvsalud.org)

The gene atf2 is located at human chromosome 2q32. (wikipedia.org)
purchase Caryophyllales) may be the initial non-rosid, non-asterid eudicot that the genome continues to be sequenced [26], it really is of interest to attain a complete id and classification of genes within this species with regards to the amount, chromosome places, phylogenetic interactions, conserved motifs aswell as appearance patterns. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
PHTF, a novel atypical homeobox gene on chromosome 1p13, is evolutionarily conserved. (nih.gov)
The EIF2AK4 gene is found on chromosome 15 . (medlineplus.gov)
Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)

Three types of epigenetic modification that regulate gene expression in mammalian cells. (nationaljewish.org)
One way genes can be controlled is by adding small chemical tags that mark them out to be activated or deactivated, known as epigenetic control. (elifesciences.org)
show that when DUX4 is activated following the failure of epigenetic control in FSHD patients, the effectiveness of nonsense-mediated decay is also reduced. (elifesciences.org)
EGFRIII changes the cell's internal signaling network, its uptake and use of nutrients, key elements of its gene-reading machinery known as transcription factors and its epigenetic landscape--the distribution of chemical tags that determines which parts of its genome are available for reading. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers show that as EGFRvIII alters the epigenetic landscape of activated enhancers, it also noticeably boosts the expression of SOX9 and FOXG1. (sciencedaily.com)
These findings suggest that the ROS-generated epigenetic mark 8-oxoGua via its reader OGG1 serves as a homeostatic thresholding factor in IFN-λ expression. (lu.se)

The transcription factor RBPJ forms a coactivator complex in the presence of a Notch signal, whereas it represses Notch target genes in the absence of a Notch stimulus. (uni-ulm.de)
In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. (uni-ulm.de)
The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)

Which of the following mediators normally released by activated macrophages in the Alternative Pathway promote an anti-inflammatory response? (examequip.com)
This activates a pathway for aerobic adaptations via a gene transcription factor called PGC-1α. (trainingpeaks.com)
IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
Objective: Deregulation of the Wnt signalling pathway by mutations in the Apc or β-catenin genes underlies colorectal carcinogenesis. (eur.nl)
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify a regulatory signaling pathway in cardiac inflammation based on the hypothesis that a distinct subset of inflammation-related activated fibroblasts plays crucial roles in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, especially monocytes/macrophages, and in the pathology of heart failure. (kcl.ac.uk)

Gene activation is dependent on cell-specific transcription factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sequences. (imperial.ac.uk)
Following recognition of TLR ligands, TLRs elicit innate immunity by activating multiple intracellular signaling cascades including variable adaptor proteins and transcriptional factors. (frontiersin.org)
c-maf targets are IL-4 in Th2 cells, the crystalline genes in lens fiber cells, insulin gene in islet, p53 and L7 where it exerts its transcriptional role through binding to a Maf recognition element (MARE). (thermofisher.com)
Over the last two decades, studies based on genome-wide gene expression and functional profiling have revealed the great diversity of transcriptional alterations occurring in liver carcinogenesis. (aging-us.com)
Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)

This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

In the first part we consider basic facts about the expression and activity of these transcription factors: the organization of the encoding genes and their promoters, the second messenger cascades converging on their regulatory promoter sites, the control of their transcription, the binding to dimeric partners and to specific DNA sequences, their trans-activation potential, and their posttranslational modifications. (nih.gov)
When located at gene promoters, DNA methylation is usually association with repression of gene expression. (nationaljewish.org)
Many promoters in embryonic stem (ES) cells harbor a distinctive histone modification signature that combines the activating histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark an. (researchgate.net)

Gene repression often depends on the recruitment of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, although the sequences that underlie the recruitment of PcG proteins, also known as Polycomb response elements (PREs), remain poorly understood in vertebrates. (imperial.ac.uk)
With a series of statistical and bioinformatic analyses, the scientists identified several hundreds of tissue-specific DNA subsequences or "codewords" in enhancers that guide transcription factors, not only confirming sequences already known from other studies, but also identifying many new ones. (mpg.de)
The researchers developed a program that is able to identify DNA sequences that are recognized by the cell in order to activate genes in a tissue-specific way. (mpg.de)
Some cross-references in the storybook of the genome might still hide in other regulatory sequences, like promoter regions that are in close proximity to the gene itself. (mpg.de)
Genes are sequences of DNA that contain instructions for the cell that must be carefully controlled because it is not always appropriate or safe for these instructions to be followed. (elifesciences.org)
Most of the enhancers activated by EGFRvIII bore signature DNA sequences that are bound by dozens of transcription factors--regulators of gene expression--expressed at high levels in GBM. (sciencedaily.com)

Cooperative activity of GR with other transcription factors and a plethora of coregulators contribute to the tissue- and context-specific response toward the endogenous and pharmacological glucocorticoids (GCs). (uni-ulm.de)
Design: A conditional knock-in mouse model was generated into which the phospho-mimicking Y654E modification in the endogenous β-catenin gene was introduced. (eur.nl)
Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
These dCas9-activator fusions targeted to the promoter region of endogenous genes can then modulate gene expression 7 - 11 . (cdc.gov)

R2R3-MYB transcription factors have a modular structure, with the N-terminal MYB domain as DNA-binding domain and an activation or repression domain usually located at the highly variable C-terminus. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
These modifications lead to either repression or enhancement of gene expression. (nationaljewish.org)
By testing the effect they have when recruited at reporter genes, we annotate 374 activation domains and 715 repression domains, roughly 80% of which are new and have not been previously annotated3-5. (bvsalud.org)

Glutamate excitation induced a rapid alteration in the AMP:ATP ratio that was associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (jneurosci.org)
The statistical classifiers can also identify DNA subsequences that might underlie cell type-specific gene activation. (mpg.de)
The transcription activation hybrid is a fusion protein that cannot activate expression of the reporter gene because it lacks the ability to bind to the DNA. (genome.gov)
Activation of NF-κB result in the transcription of various inflammatory genes, including TNF-α and IL-6, to sense microbial pathogens ( 7 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Transient overexpression of UBCv1 impaired activation of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors induced by several agonists of these pathways. (mdpi.com)
Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases in these tumour areas by growth factors expressed by surrounding stromal cells phosphorylate β-catenin at tyrosine residues, which is thought to increase β-catenin nuclear translocation and tumour invasiveness. (eur.nl)
The experiments show that the protein encoded by UPF1 is broken down as a result of the activation of the DUX4 gene, leading to problems with nonsense-mediated decay, which may result in the worsening of FSHD symptoms. (elifesciences.org)
Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) modulates lipid and glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and inflammation. (cdc.gov)
We also synthesize a library consisting of 70,290 guides targeting all human RefSeq coding isoforms to screen for genes which, upon activation, confer resistance to a BRAF inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
This enhancement is combined with the activation of Pdx-1, the transcription factor that regulates insulin gene expression. (lu.se)

We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)

One or more transcription factors activate transcription by binding to cis-regulatory sites, which are commonly situated upstream of protein-coding genes. (nationaljewish.org)

Immunotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. (cdc.gov)
Because levels of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and lipoprotein lipase are also increased, lipid transport into cells and fatty acid synthesis within cells is increased ( 8 - 15 ). (cdc.gov)

In addition, activated eIF2α can trigger production of certain proteins called transcription factors, which control gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
The technique relies on manipulating proteins called transcription factors. (genome.gov)

AB - Lineage-selective expression of developmental genes is dependent on the interplay between activating and repressive mechanisms. (imperial.ac.uk)

Mutations in this gene have been associated with an autosomal dominant form of cognitive disability and with autism spectrum disorder. (nih.gov)
at least 22 mutations in this gene have been found in affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
The EIF2AK4 gene mutations involved in PVOD likely lead to a complete loss of functional protein. (medlineplus.gov)
ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
Genetic testing for mutations in the VHL gene is performed at many laboratories throughout the United States and the world. (medscape.com)

Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)

The muscle disease facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by the loss of the chemical tags that normally keep certain genes switched off in many cell types. (elifesciences.org)
These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)

Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
The interlinked phenomena, the team reports, are reflected in a global database of the genes expressed in GBM cells and seen in tumors expressing EGFRvIII obtained from GBM patients. (sciencedaily.com)
Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)

A team of Ludwig Cancer Research scientists has mapped out how a mutant version of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) known as EGFRvIII specifically drives critical processes that alter the reading of the genome to fuel the growth of the brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme and -- most important -- how each process is linked to the other. (sciencedaily.com)

Here, we review recent insights into the biogenesis of eRNAs and the mechanisms underlying their multifaceted functions and consider how these findings could inform future investigations into enhancer transcription and eRNA function. (nature.com)
Rev-Erbs repress macrophage gene expression by inhibiting enhancer-directed transcription. (nature.com)
Schoenfelder, S. & Fraser, P. Long-range enhancer-promoter contacts in gene expression control. (nature.com)
This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
We also identified a fin-specific enhancer that interacts with several hoxa genes, consistent with the redeployment of hox gene expression in anterior pectoral fins, and confirmed its potential to activate transcription in the anterior fin using zebrafish reporter assays. (bvsalud.org)

DUX4 is a double homeobox transcription factor that is normally expressed in the testis and causes apoptosis and FSHD when misexpressed in skeletal muscle. (elifesciences.org)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

miRNAs induce gene degradation and suppression of translation, or both, mainly by imperfect binding to miRNA recognition elements (MREs) within the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1 could induce obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related inflammation, however its association with SG procedure has not been elucidated well. (researchgate.net)
For example, steroid and thyroid hormones directly bind to nuclear receptors, which induce expression of specific genes. (intechopen.com)

Which trаnscriptiоn fаctоr аctivates many genes invоlved with cell growth? (examequip.com)
Consequently, the features of genes tend connected with regulating plant-specific procedures including supplementary and major fat burning capacity, developmental procedures, cell identification and destiny and replies to 177931-17-8 supplier biotic and abiotic strains [2,17,21]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
The EIF2AK4 gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps direct a cell's response to changes that could damage the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
The transcription factors regulated by eIF2α control the activity of genes involved in processes that help reduce the stress on the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Identification of PARD3 signature on PARD3 deficient H157 cell line, reconstituting the expression of PARD3 gene, with a wt and a mutant form. (nih.gov)
According to the prevailing theory, transcription factor proteins recognize "codewords" in enhancers that are specific for a certain cell type, allowing the genome to tell a cell's story by jumping to the right chapters. (mpg.de)
High levels of intracellular calcium ion activate proteolytic enzymes (known as calpains) that break down many cell proteins, particularly those in the cytoskeleton of neurons (spectrin, neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein). (benbest.com)
In this system when two proteins interact with each other, they activate the expression of a reporter gene that produces a colored product within the yeast cell. (genome.gov)
The idea behind the yeast two-hybrid system is to separate the two domains of the transcription factor, attach each domain to different proteins being studied, and give them an opportunity to interact within the cell. (genome.gov)
Expression of the reporter gene indicates that the bait and prey proteins interact within the cell. (genome.gov)
Their research confirmed that IL-21 activates STAT3, a protein that then connects with the promoter region of the gene encoding the T cell stimulatory protein CD28, firing up CD28. (newswise.com)
The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
The c-MYC transcription factor controls the activity of a large number of genes involved in cell division, and its over-expression leads to excessive cell proliferation. (medicalxpress.com)
Analysis of gene activity in these microstructures enabled the researchers to conclude that Ap4 acts on two crucial signaling pathways that regulate the balance between stem cell maintenance and differentiation, and tips the scales toward stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Notably, silencing of the two transcription factors stopped tumor growth, both in cell cultures and in an animal model that mimics GBM. (sciencedaily.com)
The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
As shown below, binding of the growth factor can lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
They then examined the mRNA expression pattern at a single cell level using so-called single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and found a subset of cardiac fibroblasts highly expressed genes activated by the transcription factor NF-kB and CCL2 mRNA. (kcl.ac.uk)
In response to tissue injury or stress, the resident cardiac fibroblasts undergo a transition to activated myofibroblasts, a highly synthetic cell type that induces the genes encoding smooth muscle α actin (ACTA2) and collagen. (kcl.ac.uk)
We discover bifunctional domains that can both activate and repress, some of which dynamically split a cell population into high- and low-expression subpopulations. (bvsalud.org)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
However, prior to commitment, it has been cells, it is evident that GATA-1 and PU.1 are able to specify observed that many genes are expressed at intermediate or basal erythroid and myeloid cell fates (see [16] and references therein). (lu.se)
fication and isolation via fluorescence-activated cell sort- ing (FACS). (lu.se)
Aging is a recognized risk factor for T2D development, and the decline in pancreatic β-cell function is linked to genetic changes during aging. (lu.se)
Average Velocity - To add to the individual cell velocity animations users can now also activate a more classic grid like velocity output. (lu.se)

Forced expression of this gene in combination with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NeuroD1 and the transcription factors POU class 3 homeobox 2 and achaete-scute family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 can convert fetal and postnatal human fibroblasts into induced neuronal cells, which are able to generate action potentials. (nih.gov)
When cells are under stress, for example when the level of protein building blocks (amino acids) is too low, EIF2AK4 activates eIF2α. (medlineplus.gov)
How do cells know when to activate a certain gene? (mpg.de)
To further confirm the central memory properties of treated cells, the team assessed expression of genes involved in differentiating T cells and found expression of central-memory differentiating genes to be highly expressed on the identified central memory cells generated by the combination. (newswise.com)
For example, when the variant H2AZ is incorporated into the nucleosome it increases the accessibility of DNA to specific transcription factors and promotes the conversion of somatic cells to iPS cells. (jove.com)
A new study carried out by a team led by Professor Heiko Hermeking at the Institute of Pathology at LMU (and German Cancer Consortium) now shows that c-MYC induces the production of a transcription factor that increases the numbers of stem cells in the intestinal epithelium, and thereby contributes to the formation of adenomas in the colon. (medicalxpress.com)
focused on another gene called UPF1 because cells without the protein encoded by this gene have similar defects in nonsense-mediated decay as cells with active DUX4 . (elifesciences.org)
No difference was found in how often the UPF1 gene is activated in FSHD cells and normal cells. (elifesciences.org)
These concerted processes change the spectrum of genes expressed by GBM cells. (sciencedaily.com)
This protein controls the expression and activity of yet another transcription factor, cMyc, which plays a central role in driving the aberrant metabolism and growth of GBM cells. (sciencedaily.com)
In eukaryotic organisms, there is a multitude of specialized, differentiated cells that are formed by specific gene programs. (cytoskeleton.com)
As ChIP-seq cannot establish physical co-occurrence of two marks on the same allele, admixture of cells that either express (green) or do not express (red) the gene in focus could explain the occurrence of both marks as well as the low expression level in the overall population. (researchgate.net)
In contrast, in the case of ''true'' bivalency, virtually all cells in the population carry both marks simultaneously at the promoter in question, leading to low, if any, expression for that gene in all cells. (researchgate.net)
Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
In muscle cells, gene expression of glucose transporters Glut 1 and Glut 4 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase is increased, which results in noninsulin-mediated increases in glucose transport ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
Interferons (IFNs) are secreted cytokines with the ability to activate expression of IFN stimulated genes that increase resistance of cells to virus infections. (lu.se)
Our objective is to identify the cells and factors that are essential in the engineering process. (lu.se)
In this study, we prove that a dynamic magnetic field upregulates insulin gene expression in low-content insulin-secreting INS-1 832/13 cells. (lu.se)

Although myofibroblasts have been considered the only phenotype of activated fibroblasts, distinct subsets of fibroblasts, namely inflammatory fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, have been reported in arthritis and pancreatic cancer. (kcl.ac.uk)

By analyzing changes in gene expression following the long-term culturing period, we identify three aging-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in insulin secretion or insulin production. (lu.se)

interleukins, macrophage- associated cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interferon (IFN)-g and colony stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as key factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (researchgate.net)
Introduction regulate choices of expressed genes as part of the macrophage/ neutrophil lineage. (lu.se)

c-maf is a transcription factor for IL-10 gene expression in LPS-activated macrophages. (thermofisher.com)

Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
As a result, β-catenin stabilises, translocates to the nucleus, and activates gene transcription. (eur.nl)

The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)

Methylation strengthens the interaction between histones and DNA, suppressing transcription of genes involved in differentiation. (jove.com)

This feedback loop illustrates an unexpected mode of autoregulatory behavior of a transcription factor, is consistent with 'bursts' of DUX4 expression in FSHD muscle, and has implications for FSHD pathogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
In other words, expression of specific genes might have relevance to pathogenesis of diseases. (intechopen.com)

c-maf is the cellular counterpart of oncogenic v-maf that belongs to the family of basic region leucine zipper domain transcription factors. (thermofisher.com)

In addition, the subcellular distribution of mitochondria can affect the cellular transcriptome and transcription rates. (hindawi.com)
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)

The mechanisms responsible for the increased adiposity are changes in gene expression of multiple enzymes and transcription factors by the virus ( 8 - 15 ). (cdc.gov)

Recent global analyses of gene transcripts revealed that specific transcription factors (TFs) and their networking systems physiologically correspond to the onset of human diseases, including cancer. (intechopen.com)
In this chapter, revisiting known TFs, we would argue if transcription controlling strategies could contribute for the novel therapies on human diseases. (intechopen.com)
Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)

The genes were functionally categorised which led to the identification of a sugar beet-specific clade with an atypical amino acid composition in the R3 domain, putatively encoding betalain regulators. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
The resulting loss of 26 nt from the spliced mRNA causes a frame-shift and an isoform XBP1(S), which is the functionally active transcription factor. (cancerindex.org)

Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
Since strong consensus regarding commonly altered MRs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lacking, we generated a compendium of HCC datasets from 21 studies and identified a comprehensive signature consisting of 483 genes commonly deregulated in HCC. (aging-us.com)

The latter pair inherits the state of its upstream master genes and further reinforces the decision due to several feedback loops, thereby leading to irreversible commitment. (lu.se)

Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)

Background The genes comprise among the largest transcription factor gene families in plants, playing regulatory roles in plant-specific developmental processes, metabolite accumulation and defense responses. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
After transcription, one or more microRNAs bind to cis-regulatory sites, usually in the 3' UTR of the mRNA, and repress protein translation 4 . (nationaljewish.org)
Transcription factors like c-MYC and AP4 act as regulatory switches that enable the genetic information encoded in specific segments of the DNA to be transcribed into messenger RNA, which programs the synthesis of the corresponding proteins. (medicalxpress.com)
In occurs through the inhibition of DNA binding of cognate cis- hematopoiesis there exist several lineage branch points with regulatory motif while in the other case DNA binding is unaffected identified key transcription factors and external signals [3-5]. (lu.se)

NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)

Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (nih.gov)
The interaction is detected by activating the transcription of a reporter gene. (genome.gov)

Anatomy16

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs128

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Phenotypes7

Encodes7

Regulation8

Chromatin18

Chromosome5

Epigenetic6

Target genes3

Pathway5

Transcriptional6

Tumor suppr6

Promoters3

Sequences6

Endogenous4

Repression3

Activation11

Mammalian cells2

Protein-codin1

Peroxisome2

Proteins called transcription factors2

Repressive1

Mutations5

Developmental genes1

Certain genes2

Tumors3

Epidermal growth f1

Enhancer5

Apoptosis2

Induce3

Cell33

Cells20

Inflammatory1

Differentially1

Macrophage2

Macrophages1

Nucleus2

Proto-oncogenes2

Differentiation1

Pathogenesis2

Leucine zipper1

Cellular2

Mechanisms1

Human3

Functionally2

Datasets2

Upstream1

Control of gene1

Regulatory4

Biological processes2

Interaction2