To assess the role of an individual HDAC isoenzyme in physiology and tumor development, HDAC2-mutant mice were generated from a gene trap embryonic stem cell clone. (aacrjournals.org)
Mutant embryonic fibroblasts fail to respond to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF) by the IGF-I-induced increase in cell number observed in wild-type cells. (aacrjournals.org)
As a result of the study, a strategy for CRISPR/Cas9-assisted homologous recombination in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells has been developed to create a fully humanized Snca gene encoding α-synuclein, and the clone genome of mouse embryonic stem cells has been edited using a CRISPR technology. (eco-vector.com)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning of hum5
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
Therapeutic3
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
CDNA2
The following Vps35l gene cDNA ORF clone sequences were retrieved from the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq). (genscript.com)
Complex patterns of posttranslational modifications of chromatin including acetylation of histones establish combinatorial signals that are apparently interpreted by chromatin-binding proteins and the gene expression machinery to control transcriptional activity of individual genes. (aacrjournals.org)
Clinical manifestations of PNH occur when a HSC clone carrying somatic PIGA mutations acquires a growth advantage and differentiates, generating mature blood cells that are deficient of GPI-anchored proteins. (medscape.com)
Organism3
Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. (medlineplus.gov)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
CRISPR1
The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination system with donor DNA oligonucleotides of the human sites of the corresponding gene sites was used to humanize the fourth and fifth exons. (eco-vector.com)
Genomes1
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
Mutations2
The accumulated data indicate that pathogenic mutations in the Snca gene are associated with the development of neurodegenerative brain damage, indicating the relevance of studying the synuclein neurobiological role. (eco-vector.com)
PNH is caused by somatic mutations in PIGA (which encodes phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A) in one or more HSC clones. (medscape.com)
Prohibit2
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
According to Hillson, the difficulty with traditional cloning approaches is that they aren't "standardized," which he argues would make things much easier and far less complicated. (genomeweb.com)
WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
Somatic3
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
GenScript1
For example, gene synthesis services at GenScript start at $0.55 per base pair, with a discounted price of $0.39 per base pair for genes less than 3 kilobases. (genomeweb.com)
Copies1
The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
Human10
Researchers hope to use these cells to grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body. (medlineplus.gov)
Depicts a single human stem cell embedded within a porous hydrogel matrix (false colour). (progress.org.uk)
The book is separated into three chapters covering biotechnology, animal cloning and human cloning. (progress.org.uk)
Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)
And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
To date, some 35 countries have adopted laws forbidding human cloning. (who.int)
Sequence1
One clone ID might be correlated to multiple accession numbers, which share the same CDS sequence. (genscript.com)
Methods3
He explained that there are multiple methods for cloning DNA. (genomeweb.com)
As an example, Vector NTI identifies restriction sites in a plasmid, which works well for the more traditional methods of assembling DNA, such as PCR, but Hillson notes that newer tools like SLIC and the Gibson method don't use restriction enzymes or multiple cloning sites in their protocols. (genomeweb.com)
The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)
Oligonucleotides1
Hillson said he began designing j5 after spending several frustrating days painstakingly designing a DNA assembly only to discover that the cost of the oligonucleotides he would need to order for PCR-based cloning exceeded the cost of paying a company to synthesize the DNA directly. (genomeweb.com)
Tumor1
Many tumor cell lines and experimental tumors respond to HDAC inhibition. (aacrjournals.org)
Genetic6
The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. (medlineplus.gov)
The resulting clones were plated on Petri dishes for propagation and a further genetic analysis. (eco-vector.com)
Clone 126-2F4 was found out carrying the necessary genetic modifications. (eco-vector.com)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Researchers1
In addition to making sure researchers end up with the plasmid they want and generating large combinatorial libraries, j5 addresses "all the considerations of traditional multiple cloning site technology. (genomeweb.com)
Genetically5
The aim of the study was to create a genetically modified clone of mouse stem cells with a conditional knockout of humanized α-synuclein, which can be used for the reinjection into mouse blastocysts, as well as for basic and applied in vitro research in the field of pathophysiology and neuropharmacology. (eco-vector.com)
An approach to obtaining clones of mouse genetically modified stem cells expressing pathological humanized α-synuclein, has been proposed and implemented. (eco-vector.com)
The developed cell clone can serve to create a line of genetically modified mice that serve as a test system for pathophysiological and neuropharmacological studies associated with synucleinopathies. (eco-vector.com)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
Processes1
1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Dolly1
The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly. (medlineplus.gov)
Donor2
Cas9 nuclease, single guide RNA, and donor DNA were transfected into mouse cells. (eco-vector.com)
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative but it requires a histocompatible donor and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, so it is reserved for severe cases of PNH with aplastic anemia or transformation to leukemia. (medscape.com)
Sequences1
ORF sequences can be delivered in our standard vector, pcDNA3.1 + /C-(K)DYK or the vector of your choice as an expression/transfection-ready ORF clone. (genscript.com)
Identical1
The term "clone", from the Greek word for twig, denotes a group of identical entities. (who.int)
Mouse1
To create mouse stem cells with a conditional knockout of the humanized Snca gene, a previously obtained clone with the first Snca exon flanked by LoxP sites, was used. (eco-vector.com)
Vector1
You may select a custom vector to replace pcDNA3.1+/C-(K)DYK after clone is added to cart. (genscript.com)
General1
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)
Whilst it is targeted at 14-18 year olds, 'Biotechnology and Cloning' assumes a high level of knowledge on an ambitious range of hard to grasp topics, none of which are directly explained in the book. (progress.org.uk)