Gene responses canonical nuclear localization signals. Medical search. Frequent questions

NF-κB induces many downstream gene expressions, which initiates the canonical proinflammatory pathway. (wikipedia.org)
This suggests that an unknown H. pylori factor is responsible for this response In addition to inflammation induction, TLR5 is also shown to enhance gastric cancer cell proliferation through an ERK-dependent pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The Wnt signal transduction pathway is important in a wide variety of developmental processes as well as in the genesis of human cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Vertebrate Wnt pathways can be functionally separated into two classes, the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and the non-canonical Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Many downstream target genes of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, little is known about the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway and whether it regulates gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Many downstream gene targets of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway have been identified http://www.stke.org . (biomedcentral.com)
Wnts in this functional class activate the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (Wnt-1, -3A, and -8). (biomedcentral.com)
Wnts in this class have been shown to signal in a non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway (Wnt-5a, -4, -11). (biomedcentral.com)
It is important to emphasize that whether Wnts activate distinct responses and likely pathways is context-dependent, and thus in other contexts a given Wnt may activate another pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Various kinds human cancers possess proven aberrant activation from the HH pathway by ligand-independent signaling such as for example, amplification of GLI1 or GLI2, mutations in PTCH or SMO, or dysregulated gene manifestation[1, 3]. (acancerjourney.info)
The canonical WNT-β-catenin pathway is essential for self-renewal growth and survival of AML stem/blast progenitor cells (BPCs). (researchassistantresume.com)
Deregulated canonical WNT-β-catenin pathway has also been documented to be essential for self-renewal growth and survival of the AML stem and blast progenitor cells (BPCs)2-5. (researchassistantresume.com)
Tβ4-knockout B16F1 (Tβ4 KO) clones show significantly diminished expression level of tumor-associated genes, which is regulated by the TGFβ/MRTFs pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
Now, in Journal of Biology [ 1 ], Sergei Sokol and colleagues show that the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein of the Wnt signaling pathway can shuttle in and out of the nucleus (see 'The bottom line' box for a summary of the work and 'Background' for further explanations and definitions). (biomedcentral.com)
Studies of the Wnt pathway provide a wonderful example of how researchers from different fields have contributed to a detailed understanding of a key signal transduction pathway [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Wnt signaling machinery is tightly regulated, and disruption of components of the signaling pathway have been implicated in diseases including cancer [ 2 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The canonical Wnt pathway involves stabilization of the intracellular protein β-catenin . (biomedcentral.com)
Frizzled receptors can also initiate an independent ' non-canonical ' Wnt pathway that diverges to regulate complex developmental events involved in planar cell polarity and convergent extension movements during embryo development, via small GTPases and the JNK kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
This signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell-to-cell communication system that regulates cell fate in development and disease. (5dok.org)
Eph/ephrin signaling is a cell-to-cell communication pathway, which regulates cell migration and proliferation. (5dok.org)
Downregulation of Herg1 suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion by targeting Hippo signaling pathway]. (cancerindex.org)
The NF-κB pathway is central pathway for inflammatory and immune responses, and IKKγ/NEMO is essential for NF-κB activation. (mdpi.com)
The hippo/yap/taz pathway and pdac The transcriptional co-activators yes-associated protein (YAP)10 and its paralog WW-domain-containing Transcriptional co-Activator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ)11 are attracting intense Buparvaquone attention as fundamental points of convergence and intersection of many signal transduction pathways that are implicated in the regulation of development, metabolism, organ-size, positional sensing, tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis12C14. (kidztrainer.com)
Developmental Pathways Probably Involved in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis The Wnt signaling pathway: A signaling pathway that is involved in embryogenesis. (thetechnoant.info)
The central participant in the signaling cascade from the canonical Wnt pathway is normally -catenin. (thetechnoant.info)
PTEN/PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway: The development and function of many tissues that feature tubular networks, including the lung, are regulated by intricate programs of epithelial cell morphogenesis. (thetechnoant.info)
Hedgehog signaling pathway: A pathway critical in development. (thetechnoant.info)
Cross-talk pathways: Rising evidence supports the idea the fact that cell response to extrinsic signals relies not only on the effect of a single pathway, but around the integration of numerous signals from a plethora of cross-talking pathways. (thetechnoant.info)
The up-regulated development-relevant genes included several users of transcription factor families like the Sry-related high flexibility group container and forkhead container, and genes linked to the Wnt/-catenin pathway [6,7]. (thetechnoant.info)
Finally, Jang and co\employees generated tumor spheroid\like acini and mammospheres in 3D matrices mimicking the flexible modulus of the breasts tumor and discovered that their development depends upon YAP aswell as the downstream transcription (Jang (2017) was that the YAPCSKP2 signaling pathway will not operate in mice. (rawveronica.com)
Notch signaling is highly conserved cell signaling pathway, which is involved in diverse embryonic organs or tissue development as well as regeneration ( 1 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. (cusabio.com)
In a non-canonical activation pathway, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. (cusabio.com)
Consequently, Wnt signaling pathway appears as primary target of LMWH in sensitizing A2780cis cells for cisplatin toxicity. (oncotarget.com)
Taken together, our findings establish the evidence that aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involving an autocrine Wnt singaling drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, and identify the autocrine activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a potential novel therapeutic target for bone sarcomas. (oncotarget.com)
To date, three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized including the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway (Wnt/PCP) and the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway [ 7 , 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Cytoplasmic Dicer is a key component of the canonical micro (mi)RNA biogenesis pathway. (prolekarniky.cz)
ERK5 Signalling and Resistance to ERK1/2 Pathway Therapeutics: The Path Less Travelled? (babraham.ac.uk)
The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is frequently de-regulated in human cancer. (babraham.ac.uk)
However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
The Wnt pathway activates target genes by controlling the β-catenin-T-cell factor (TCF) transcriptional complex during embryonic development and cancer. (xenbase.org)
Here we demonstrate that, during Xenopus anteroposterior axis specification, Rspo2 functions as a Wnt antagonist, both morphologically and at the level of gene targets and pathway mediators. (xenbase.org)
These data point to the existence of an ErbB3-mediated non canonical pathway that glioblastoma cells use to control ribosomes synthesis and cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrate that a direct interaction between the methyl-CpG-dependent transcription repressor Kaiso and xTcf3, a transducer of the Wnt signalling pathway, results in their mutual disengagement from their respective DNA-binding sites. (biologists.com)
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a key regulator of diverse physiological functions such as proliferation, global protein, and lipid synthesis as well as many metabolic pathways interacting to increase secretory capabilities. (go.jp)
One pathway widely recognized for its influence over these processes in both normal development and pathophysiology is the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
Within this pathway, Dishevelled interprets and propagates signals from 19 Wnts engaging 10 Frizzled (Fzd) receptors/co-receptors embedded in the plasma membrane (PM). For years, interest in how Dishevelled receives, interprets, and relays this information has been immense. (rupress.org)

These Wnts were chosen since previous studies suggest that C57mg cells respond differently to these Wnts, and since these Wnts can activate different signaling pathways in other systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Wnt ligands are secreted glycoproteins that function in intracellular signaling pathways to regulate a variety of developmental processes including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell polarity, and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Vertebrate Wnts signal through frizzled receptors that in some experimental contexts (e.g., without co-expressing LRP5/6) preferentially activate the Wnt/beta-catenin or Wnt/Ca 2+ pathways [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Open up in another window Amount 1 Canonical HH signaling and non-canonical GLI gene activation ACTIVATION OF GLI BY ONCOGENIC, NON-CANONICAL SIGNALING PATHWAYS Non-canonical, oncogene-driven signaling pathways converge over the activation of GLI genes and additional converge on the specific downstream goals[3, 18, 21, 22] (find Figure ?Amount1).1). (acancerjourney.info)
Many signal transduction pathways are composed of modules that are remarkably conserved across species, such that lessons from different experimental model organisms have contributed to the understanding of molecular hierarchies that control signal communication in many cellular contexts. (biomedcentral.com)
The first step in the Wnt signal occurs when extracellular Wnt ligand binds Frizzled receptors on the cell surface, leading to the activation of several distinct transduction pathways (see Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
The intracellular protein Dishevelled is common to both canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways, raising the question of how this mysterious protein acts at the signal crossroads. (biomedcentral.com)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as consequence of oxidative metabolism, activate signal transduction pathways, which contribute to cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Serine/arginine-rich proteins (SR proteins), a group of proteins that harbor an arginine/serine (RS) domain either at their N' or C' terminus, play crucial roles in a plethora of biological processes such as cell cycle and signaling, developmental pathways, DNA replication and repair, transcription and mRNA splicing. (biologists.com)
The current work elegantly reports a novel role of SRPKs in metazoan developmental pathways revealing a novel SRPK-RNF12-REX1 signaling axis in neurodevelopmental pathways (fig.c). (biologists.com)
Activation of other pathways by additional mutations, including mutations in tumor suppressor genes, such as and/or environmental stimuli (obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus) are required for the promotion of invasive PDAC. (kidztrainer.com)
In this context, TGF-/Smad, Wnt/-catenin, BMP, PTEN, and people from the hedgehog and various other groups of secreted elements pathways operate through organic responses and interconnections loops. (thetechnoant.info)
Induction of canonical autophagy is mainly controlled by the AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and relies on the activation and assembly of two macromolecular complexes, the ATG1/ULK1 and the Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex (Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Canonical and non canonical Wnt pathways regulation of Wnt eleven The Wnt11 promoter consists of two conserved TCF LEF binding web sites and 1 Kaiso binding website, suggesting that the two canonical and non canonical Wnt pathways can down regulate Wnt11 transcription straight. (screeninglibraries.com)
Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
Despite an increase in knowledge with regard to identification of critical signaling pathways in bone sarcomas, they are characterized by a relatively high morbidity and mortality [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The WNT signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved and implicated in multiple crucial physiological and pathophysiological events [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Understanding the functional biology of CSCs - especially the signaling pathways that are involved in their self-renewal mechanisms - is crucial for discovering new forms of treatment. (docksci.com)
Bonus has been implicated in embryonic development and organogenesis and shown to regulate several signaling pathways, however, its targets and mechanism of action remained poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
Tumor suppressors, oncogenes and alternatively deregulated upstream signalling pathways can directly influence the RNA polymerase I activity inducing hyper activation of rRNA transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleolar activity is also influenced by the interaction between pathways activated from extracellular signals in order to coordinate ribosome synthesis and cell proliferation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Instead, we propose that mutual inhibition by Kaiso/TCF3 of their DNA-binding functions may be important in developmental or cancer contexts and acts as a regulatory node that integrates epigenetic and Wnt signalling pathways. (biologists.com)
Several critical signaling pathways control cellular proliferation, migration, and polarization. (rupress.org)

Polycomb Group Protein Displacement and Gene Activation through MSK-Dependent H3K27me3S28 Phosphorylation. (plantae.org)
Citalopram Hydrobromide Due to inhibition of the phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK3β the polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of β-catenin is definitely often abrogated in the AML BPCs1 16 This enables the preservation nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of β-catenin. (researchassistantresume.com)
Three mammalian SRPKs - SRPK1, SRPK2, and SRPK3 - relay information between environmental cues and gene expression by regulating SR protein phosphorylation 1,2 . (biologists.com)
Moreover, phosphorylation of all four serines - harbored in the nuclear localization signal - supports RNF12 nuclear retention in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). (biologists.com)
Previous data from the host lab report that functional RNF12 restricts mESC differentiation to neurons 10 , a finding reinforced in the current study as revealed by gene expression data (RNA-seq and/or qPCR) collected from RNF12 wildtype, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation impaired mutants. (biologists.com)
They also demonstrate that the same SRPK3 mutations dampen RNF12 phosphorylation reiterating SRPK-RNF12 signaling anomalies in intellectual disability disorders. (biologists.com)
Here, we show that NEMO phosphorylation by GSK-3β leads to NEMO localization into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (mdpi.com)
The phosphorylation of YAP by Lats1/2 at Ser-127 and Ser-397 (and similar residues in TAZ) restricts its mobile localization towards the cytoplasm and decreases the proteins balance (Fig.?1). (kidztrainer.com)
Hence, the suppression of oncogene\induced mammary tumors upon gene deletion in mice (Chen (2017) display that MRTFs promote the transcriptional activity of the TEAD\YAP complex self-employed of SRF and canonical Hippo signaling, as neither SRF was required for the induction of the transcriptional system nor TAZ manifestation or YAP phosphorylation and localization changed in MRTF\A\ and MRTF\B\manipulated cells. (rawveronica.com)
In the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a Wnt ligand binds to a cell surface receptor complex consisting of the members of Frizzled family and the transmembrane protein LRP 5 and 6 to prevent phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin by the GSK3β/APC/Axin destruction complex. (oncotarget.com)
Surprisingly, phosphorylation of the canonical downstream targets Akt and GSK3β is unaffected following ILK loss. (jneurosci.org)
Rspo2 inhibits TCF3 phosphorylation to antagonize Wnt signaling during vertebrate anteroposterior axis specification. (xenbase.org)
Moreover, Rspo2 did not influence Dishevelled phosphorylation in response to Wnt ligands, suggesting that Frizzled activity is not affected. (xenbase.org)
Further analysis indicated that the Wnt antagonism is due to the inhibitory effect of Rspo2 on TCF3 /TCF7L1 phosphorylation that normally leads to target gene activation. (xenbase.org)
These observations suggest that Rspo2 is a context-specific regulator of TCF3 phosphorylation and Wnt signaling. (xenbase.org)
Upon phosphorylation, STAT3 proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they bind to promoter elements of target genes and modulate their transcription (4). (abwizbio.com)

However, TGF- ligands signal preferentially through Smad-2 and -3, whereas BMP signaling is mediated through Smad-1, -5, and -8. (thetechnoant.info)
In endothelium, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) is one of main ligands to send a signal to Notch in the adjacent cell ( 4 , 6 ) ( Figure 1A ). (frontiersin.org)
Here we demonstrate aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone sarcoma cells, involving an autocrine Wnt signaling loop with upregulation of specific Wnt ligands and receptors. (oncotarget.com)
To activate canonical signaling, Wnt ligands bind to a Fzd receptor/co-receptor complex to initiate signaling at the PM. This Wnt/receptor complex recruits Dvl to Fzd where Dvl serves as a binding partner for Axin. (rupress.org)

Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
These findings established a new paradigm of FAK signaling from cellular adhesions to the nucleus. (molcells.org)
During growth, development and disease, extracellular signals are communicated, or transduced, into the cell and in such a way as to elicit a particular cellular response. (biomedcentral.com)
These are as follows: sustained proliferative signalling, cell death resistance, replicative immortality, genome instability and increased mutations, tumour-promoted inflammation, insensibility to growth repressors, deregulation of cellular energetics, evasion of immune destruction, induction of metastasis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
The Yes\associated protein (YAP) can be an important transcriptional co\activator that mediates the cellular response to mechanical and cytoskeletal cues. (rawveronica.com)
Delivering exogenous genetic materials encoding Notch into cells can reestablish downstream signaling and rescue cellular functions. (frontiersin.org)
Fig. 1: Cellular sources, target cells, signalling and downstream effects of IL-12. (nature.com)
Together, our work demonstrates ILK as necessary for normal oligodendrocyte development, reinforces its role as a bridge between the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane, and highlights the overarching compensatory capacity of oligodendrocytes in response to cellular milieu. (jneurosci.org)
In light of these findings, precisely how β1 integrin transduces ECM cues via signaling intermediates, and the mechanism by which this translates to cellular responses, need to be addressed. (jneurosci.org)
and mediates signaling between the ECM and the cellular interior. (jneurosci.org)
STAT3 belongs to the STAT family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that induces cell membrane-mediated nuclear signal transduction in various cellular activities (2). (abwizbio.com)

Germline mutations in the NOTCH1 , NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 genes cause Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, respectively ( 4 ), and DLL4-NOTCH3 signaling in human vascular organoids induces basement membrane thickening and drives vasculopathy in the diabetic microenvironment ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
While loss-of-function mutations in PTCH and gain-of-function mutations in SMO activate HH signaling[1], obtained mutations in SMO or non-canonical GLI activation render cancers cells resistant to SMO antagonists. (acancerjourney.info)
Mutations and gene amplifications that confer drug resistance emerge frequently during chemotherapy, but their mechanism and timing are poorly understood. (babraham.ac.uk)

Toll-like receptor 5, also known as TLR5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TLR5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The activation of this receptor mobilizes the nuclear factor NF-κB and stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, activated, type I subunits recruit and phosphorylate receptor SMADs (R-smad), which are the first intracellular mediators of TGF-β signalling. (springer.com)
Small-molecule inhibitors, antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies or biologics (bsAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts) targeting Notch signaling components have been developed as investigational anti-cancer drugs ( 10 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition to its canonical roles as a cytoplasmic kinase downstream of integrin and growth factor receptor signaling, recent studies revealed new aspects of FAK action in the nucleus. (molcells.org)
In multiple human cancers, Tβ4 levels correlate positively with TGFβ1 and the tumor-associated gene expression levels through processes that respectively depend on TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and MRTF expression. (aacrjournals.org)
Interestingly, however, MRTF\mediated activation of the TEAD\YAP activity requires a direct connection between MRTFs and YAP as well as the recruitment of nuclear receptor co\activator 3 (NCOA3) to the DNA\bound TEAD\YAP transcription complex (Fig?1). (rawveronica.com)
NCOA3 is definitely a member of steroid receptor co\activator (SRC) family that interacts with several nuclear receptors including estrogen receptor alpha (ER) to enhance the manifestation of their cognate target genes (Chang & Wu, 2012). (rawveronica.com)
Notch signaling regulates cell-fate determination during activation by signal sending and receiving, affected through ligand-receptor crosstalk. (frontiersin.org)
This gene encodes a member of the family of estrogen receptors and superfamily of nuclear receptor transcription factors. (cancerindex.org)
To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of estrogen receptor β gene (ESR2) rs3020450 and cancer susceptibility, and explore the epidemiological significance and the effect of ESR2 expression levels on the prognosis of ovarian cancer. (cancerindex.org)

Beta-catenin then accumulates in the nucleus where it interacts with its transcriptional co-activators, members of the Lymphoid Enhancer Factor/T Cell Factor (LEF/TCF) family of high mobility group DNA binding proteins to regulate gene expression [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, it is demonstrated that TGFβ facilitates Tβ4 expression and leads to the activation of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF), which are coactivators of serum response factor (SRF) and regulate the expression of genes critical for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. (aacrjournals.org)
MKL1 and MKL2 ), or robust SRF transcriptional coactivators, have been reported to organize actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and regulate cell motility by controlling the expression of dozens of cytoskeletal/adhesion genes ( 4-6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
Structure-function analysis of the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein in frog embryos has defined sequences that regulate Dsh nuclear localization, which proves critical for Wnt signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that the tricarboxylic acid cycle-associated enzyme α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase (KGDH) entered the nucleus, where it interacted with various JMJs to regulate α-KG-dependent histone demethylations by JMJs, and thus controlled genome-wide gene expression in plants. (bvsalud.org)

The degradation machinery is inhibited by Dsh, leading to the accumulation of β-catenin, which in turn translocates to the nucleus and initiates a gene expression program by interacting with transcription factors such as T-cell-specific transcription factor (TCF) . (biomedcentral.com)
Canonical autophagy initiates with the formation of a small vesicular sac called a phagophore (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)

Although physiological stimuli for controlling FAK nuclear localization have not been completely characterized, FAK shuttles from focal adhesions to the nucleus to directly convey extracellular signals. (molcells.org)
Regulation of arteriovenous specification and differentiation in both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells are also involved in Notch signaling including regulation of blood vessel sprouting, branching during normal and pathological angiogenesis, and the physiological responses of vascular smooth muscle cells ( 4 , 6 , 7 , 21 - 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
Evidences suggest that Ca 2+ channels TRP and Orai participate in the intracellular Ca 2+ signaling involved the physiological angiogenesis processes [17]. (researchgate.net)

New antitumor strategies using drugs targeted to intracellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis have become promising in recent years. (researchgate.net)

NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are transmembrane receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of the delta‑like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2. (spandidos-publications.com)
Membrane-spanning proteins often function as receptors involved in recognition and cell adhesion, whereas nuclear proteins frequently play a role in regulating gene expression and transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
Many Wnts sort out particular receptors (Frizzled category of receptors and LRP5/6 co-receptors) and influence degradation and nuclear localization of -catenin. (thetechnoant.info)
Notch receptors are processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus within the signal-receiving cell, through cleavage and glycosylation, generating a Ca 2+ -stabilized heterodimer composed of NECD non-covalently attached to the transmembrane NICD inserted in the membrane called S1 cleavage. (frontiersin.org)
Since the EGFR signalling promotes proliferation in tumor the EGFR receptors often represent a marker of resistance with poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Interestingly, nuclear translocation of FAK becomes prominent in kinase-inhibited conditions such as in de-adhesion and pharmacological FAK inhibition, while a small fraction of nuclear FAK is observed a normal growth condition. (molcells.org)
Mechanistically, downstream of GLI1 and GLI2 inhibition, H2AX (a marker of DNA dual strand breaks) manifestation was upregulated, and H2AX nuclear foci had been proven in cells that indicated GLI3R. (acancerjourney.info)
Activation from the ATM/Chk2 axis with co-localization of H2AX and p-Chk2 nuclear foci had been demonstrated pursuing GLI1/GLI2 inhibition. (acancerjourney.info)
For example, in multiple myeloma, the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling suppresses tumor growth and sensitizes cells to anti-tumor drugs [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This is associated with increased HIF-2α expression and inhibited response to prolyl hydroxylase inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
Canonical Hippo indicators are transduced through a serine/threonine kinase cascade, wherein Mst1/2 kinases, in complicated with Sav1, phosphorylate and activate Lats1/2 in complicated using its regulatory protein MOB1/2 (Fig.?1). (kidztrainer.com)
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a major structural adaptor protein governing signaling complex formation and cytoskeletal dynamics. (jneurosci.org)

A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
Transcriptional Signatures of IPF Lungs Are Enriched with Developmental Genes Microarray analysis recognized an IPF-specific gene expression signature characterized by the up-regulation of genes indicative of an active tissue remodeling program, including extracellular matrix and a large number of myofibroblast/easy muscle 1009298-09-2 cellCassociated and epithelial cellCrelated genes [3,5]. (thetechnoant.info)
At the center stage of this regulation is definitely YAP, whose nuclear translocation, activation, and assembly into transcriptionally active complexes are controlled by mechanical cues. (rawveronica.com)
A widespread theme among each one of these scientific studies is that though Wnt11 expression can be regulated by canon ical Wnt signals, this regulation is highly dependent on transcription variables on top of that to, or besides, TCF LEF family members, for instance, Kaiso p120ctn. (screeninglibraries.com)
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is upregulated in A2780cis cells in response to LMWH treatment, probably as counter-regulation to sustain the high Wnt activity against LMWH. (oncotarget.com)
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an essential mechanism that guides cell differentiation during development. (elifesciences.org)
Canonical regulation of HIF abundance is governed after transcription and translation in part due to the action of oxygen sensitive enzymes, the hif-α prolyl hydroxylases. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite its importance, our understanding of Dvl regulation and how it propagates downstream signals has remained limited. (rupress.org)

Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
In summary, the two papers from your Lim laboratory demonstrate that ECM rigidity and cytoskeletal dynamics INNO-406 inhibitor database control not only the nuclear translocation but also the assembly of transcriptional co\activators into large transcriptional complexes, which in turn INNO-406 inhibitor database induce the manifestation of gene programs that promote invasion and metastasis as well TPOR as expert genes such as to promote cell cycle progression. (rawveronica.com)
Our results also showed that Nek2 stabilizes β-catenin and promotes its translocation to the nucleus, consequently activating the transcription of downstream target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, a xenograft tumor model showed that Nek2 knockdown could improve the anti-tumor effect of sorafenib, whereas an analysis of tumor proteins showed that Nek2 regulates β-catenin protein levels and its nuclear translocation in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Axin recruitment to the PM represents a key step in β-catenin stabilization, which ultimately leads to β-catenin nuclear translocation to act as a coactivator of transcription with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) at Wnt target genes. (rupress.org)

Although PRCs are evolutionarily conserved in plants and animals, the proteins that recognize the H3K27me3 mark and the mechanisms of gene silencing differ between these kingdoms (Köhler and Villar, 2008). (plantae.org)
GANT61 induced mobile build up at G1/S and early S without 27994-11-2 IC50 further development before cells became subG1, while cDNA microarray gene profiling proven downregulation of genes involved with DNA replication, the DNA harm response, and DNA restoration, mechanisms that are becoming pursued. (acancerjourney.info)
Therefore in the nucleus of AML stem/BPCs the β-catenin-TCF4/LEF1 complex increases manifestation of the pro-growth and pro-survival genes including cyclin D1 c-MYC and survivin while reducing Axin 2 levels1 3 15 In AML stem/BPCs Citalopram Hydrobromide multiple mechanisms are known to deregulate WNT signaling. (researchassistantresume.com)
While much is known about biochemical signaling, many of the mechanisms that drive cell outcome in response to biophysical influences remain to be uncovered. (5dok.org)
Moreover, Kaiso uses classical nuclear transport mechanisms as a result of interaction with Importin B nuclear. (screeninglibraries.com)
Activation of caspases in response to treatment method with Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries extracts To achieve insights to the potential mechanisms of apoptosis concerned, caspase 3 seven exercise at the same time as pro tein expression of caspase eight and 9 have been measured for that six most potent extracts in HeLa cells just after sixteen h of remedy. (screeninglibraries.com)
These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
Relatively little is known about regulatory mechanisms in HIF signalling, especially with regards to HIF-2 but other putative mechanisms for the maintenance of HIF expression include stabilisation through binding of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein, HSP90 [ 28 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Nuclear FAK promotes p53 and GATA4 degradation via ubiquitination, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation and reduced inflammatory responses. (molcells.org)

The Notch signaling network exerts oncogenic and tumor‑suppressive effects in a cancer stage‑ or (sub)type‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
Rapid growth and division of cells in tumors are correlated with intensive nucleolar metabolism as a response to oncogenic factors overexpression. (biomedcentral.com)

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Wnt3a or GSK-3β inhibitor drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, whereas downregulation of activated Wnt signaling with dnTCF4 or siLEF1 suppresses bone sarcoma proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)

But it is becoming increasingly clear that protein subcellular localization can be extremely dynamic, allowing key proteins to play different roles in different compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonetheless, 2009 data has shown for that to start with time that the subcellular localization selleck chemicals of Kaiso while in the cytoplasm of the cell is straight connected using the bad prognosis of patients with lung cancer, and close to 85 to 95% of lung cancers are non small cell. (screeninglibraries.com)

Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
Natural killer cell stimulatory factor (interleukin 12 [IL-12]) induces T helper type 1 (T h 1)-specific immune responses and inhibits the development of IL-4-producing Th cells. (nature.com)
STAT3 in turn induces both canonical and non-canonical signaling. (abwizbio.com)

They occasionally exhibit toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects, or they modulate immune responses. (cdc.gov)

But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. (hindawi.com)

Furthermore, a potential use of a pharmacological FAK inhibitor to target nuclear FAK function in diseases such as inflammation will be emphasized. (molcells.org)
Since tumor behavior isn't just INNO-406 inhibitor database affected by biophysical cues but also by metabolic stress, hormones, inflammation, it is?likely the mechanosignaling\induced activation of transcriptional co\activators cooperates with additional transcriptional regulators with the task to integrate almost all environmental cues into growth\ and migration\promoting signaling outputs, a realistic possibility awaiting long term scrutiny. (rawveronica.com)
Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
The dowstrean targets include cell cycle regulatory genes such as fos , cyclin D , c-Myc , pim1 and anti-apoptotic genes such as B-cell CLL/Lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2 ), Bcl-xL , survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( XIAP ) (6). (abwizbio.com)

Our data rule out a model suggesting that xKaiso is a direct repressor of Wnt signalling target genes in early Xenopus development via binding to promoter-proximal CTGCNA sequences as part of a xTcf3 repressor complex. (biologists.com)

A series of studies imply nuclear localisation of mammalian Dicer and association with chromatin. (prolekarniky.cz)
SUMOylation influences Bonus's subnuclear localization, its association with chromatin and interaction with SetDB1. (elifesciences.org)

Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins are part of an epigenetic memory system that regulates global gene expression throughout development in multicellular eukaryotes (Butenko and Ohad, 2011). (plantae.org)
PRC1 then binds to this histone mark (H3K27me3), ubiquitinates a lysine residue of histone H2A, and recruits complementary factors that lead to chromatin compaction and epigenetic silencing of genes in the region. (plantae.org)

Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling system that is required for embryonic development and regeneration of organs. (frontiersin.org)

Supporting differences in Wnt signaling, gain of function of Wnt-1 in C57mg mouse mammary epithelial cells leads to their morphological transformation while loss of function of Wnt-5a leads to the same transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
To test the hypothesis that a specific cell line can respond to distinct Wnts with different patterns of gene expression, we over-expressed Wnt-5a and Rfz-2 in C57mg mammary epithelial cells and compared this cell line to C57mg cells over-expressing Wnt-1. (biomedcentral.com)
It is believed that TGF-β1 signalling is involved in controlling epithelial cell proliferation, to drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it plays a major role in lung fibrosis and emphysema. (springer.com)

response to physical stimuli. (5dok.org)
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. (cusabio.com)

Activation of IκB kinases contributes to the nuclear localization of NF-κB (a proinflammatory cytokine). (wikipedia.org)
Activation of RANKL leads to increased expression of osteoclastic genes. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of these genes results in robust osteoclast formation and bone loss. (wikipedia.org)
These findings define a molecular mechanism underlying a tumor-promoting function of thymosin β4 through activation of MRTF/SRF signaling. (aacrjournals.org)
These results also suggest the coupling of RACK1 to muscle unfolded protein response during SC activation. (sdbonline.org)
GAPs), thus leading to prolonged activation of KRAS and thereby to the activation of downstream signaling effectors, the best characterized of which are the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways6, 7. (kidztrainer.com)
A common mechanism through Smad activation applies to signaling mediated by all TGF-beta superfamily members. (thetechnoant.info)
Notch signal activation. (frontiersin.org)

As this localization pattern was not observed when GFP-CLF was expressed alone, PWO1 appears to recruit CLF to its target sites in the nucleus. (plantae.org)
Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia Beta Catenin Intro β-catenin functions as a co-activator for the T-cell Citalopram Hydrobromide element (TCF) 4/lymphoid enhancer element (LEF) 1 bipartite transcription element in the promoters of the WNT-β-catenin target genes and is implicated in malignancy transformation1. (researchassistantresume.com)
Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
As is recognized, Wnt11 is actually certainly one of several B catenin TCF target genes that con tain adjacent putative Kaiso and TCF LEF binding websites within their promoter, suggesting that Kaiso and TCF LEF cooper ate to repress Wnt11transcription. (screeninglibraries.com)
The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. (cusabio.com)
G) Target gene expression in Wnt8 and Rspo2 -stimulated ectoderm explants. (xenbase.org)
The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. (elifesciences.org)

Further analysis showed that PWO1 interacts genetically with CLF to maintain full histone H3 occupancy at several genes known to be targets of PcG. (plantae.org)

Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in breast cancer, non‑small‑cell lung cancer and hematological malignancies, such as T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, Notch signaling is inactivated in small‑cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, somatic alterations in the genes encoding Notch signaling components drive various types of human cancer, such as breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Notch signaling dysregulation is involved in a variety of pathologies, including cancer and non-cancerous diseases. (spandidos-publications.com)
We have therefore investigated the role of matrix stiffness in Notch signaling in breast cancer cells. (5dok.org)
Aberrant Notch signaling in breast cancer has been found to correlate with invasion and patient outcome. (5dok.org)
Lastly, we elucidated that these nanoparticles could upregulate the downstream genes of Notch signaling, indicating that the payload was viable and successfully altered the genetic downstream effects. (frontiersin.org)
Defects in Notch signaling also cause inherited cardiovascular diseases, such as Left Ventricular Non-compaction and Alagille syndrome ( 4 , 7 , 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
Once Notch is activated, the NICD is cleaved by γ-secretase and translocated into the nucleus ( Figures 1B,C ). Here, the NICD binds directly to the DNA, physically moving corepressors and histones, recruiting coactivators, and activating gene transcription ( 2 , 4 , 6 ) ( Figure 1D ). (frontiersin.org)
D inset) The ICD binds onto the DNA as a transcription factor to transcribe downstream Notch genes such as Hes1, Hey1, and Nrg1. (frontiersin.org)

FAK can also serve as a co-transcriptional regulator that alters a gene transcriptional activity. (molcells.org)
Together, our work identified Bonus as a regulator of tissue-specific gene expression and revealed the importance of SUMOylation as a regulator of complex formation in the context of transcriptional repression. (elifesciences.org)

Additionally, gene expression data from RNF12-REX1 double knockouts reveal REX1 as a key downstream substrate of the SRPK-RNF12 axis to control the neuro-developmental gene expression program. (biologists.com)

They then focused on REX1 (or mouse Zfp42) transcription factor, a canonical downstream substrate of RNF12 that plays a crucial role in X-chromosome inactivation 12 . (biologists.com)

Arabidopsis Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 binding sites contain putative GAGA factor binding motifs within coding regions of genes. (plantae.org)

The Wnt signaling are evolutionarily conserved and implicated in cell proliferation and sarcomagenesis. (oncotarget.com)

Wnt signaling regulates cell proliferation, cell polarity and cell-fate determination. (biomedcentral.com)

TLR5 is an essential factor in inducing inflammatory response to H. pylori infection. (wikipedia.org)
The inflammatory response induced by TLR5 during H. pylori is also considered to be possibly flagellin independent. (wikipedia.org)
A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene. (nature.com)
Previously we have shown that the cilium is essential for the anabolic response to loading and the inflammatory response to interleukin-1β (IL-1β). (biomedcentral.com)
The present study tests the hypothesis that an association exists between the primary cilium and HIFs in inflammatory signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
These inflammatory signals serve resolution and repair but also represent a component at the heart of many diseases, from cancers to arthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was initially showed to control acute-phase genes in response to interleukin-6 (IL-6) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) during inflammatory processes (1). (abwizbio.com)

Eukaryotes have a mechanism termed alternative polyadenylation (APA), which allows the selective use of PAS in genes containing multiple PAS. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, nuclear Dicer fosters termination of RNAPII transcription [ 11 ] and alternative polyadenylation at a subset of protein-coding genes [ 12 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Alternative polyadenylation transcriptome-wide association study identifies APA-linked susceptibility genes in brain disorders. (rochester.edu)

This TLR5/flagellum interaction results in different responses in difference cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Figure 1 shows how the Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction could be pharmacologically modulated by the combined use of the Ca 2+ channel blockers (CCB) and drugs that promote the increase of [cAMP] c (cAMP-enhancer compounds). (researchgate.net)
The pharmacological modulation of Ca2+/cAMP signalling interaction is also cited. (researchgate.net)

In murine mammary gland cells (NMuMG), Tβ4 upregulation is required for full induction of a MRTF-regulated EMT gene expression program after TGFβ stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)
such studies have defined the molecules that ensure signals initiated at the cell surface are efficiently transmitted to the cell nucleus, where they often result in the induction of a specific gene-expression program. (biomedcentral.com)

The TLR5 signaling cascade is commonly triggered by the binding of bacterial flagellum to TLR5 on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)

Using DNA microarray analysis, we identified several genes that are regulated by Wnt-5a and Rfz-2 as well as by Wnt-1. (biomedcentral.com)

We then focused on two genes previously linked to various cancers, mesothelin and stromelysin-1, which are respectively up-regulated by Wnt-1 and Wnt-5a in C57mg cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, H3S28p may antagonize binding of the PWO1-CLF complex to chromatin, and hence PcG-mediated gene silencing. (plantae.org)
In some processes, chromatin modifications carry heritable regulatory information that is transmitted from mother to daughter cells, whereas in other cases, they are implicated in the execution of the information contained in the DNA sequence, or occur as a consequence of dynamic nuclear processes such as transcription. (plos.org)
More recently, two studies point toward Dicer-dependent nuclear RNAi in mammals by demonstrating that nuclear, chromatin-associated Dicer impairs expression of the microtubule-binding protein Doublecortin in mouse adult neural stem cells [ 14 ] and transactivation of the human secreted frizzled-related protein 1 promoter in cholangiocarcinoma cells [ 15 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)

In an effort to identify novel proteins involved in PcG-mediated gene silencing in plants, Schatlowski et al. (plantae.org)

Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)

However, a growing body of evidence points toward localisation and activity of mammalian Dicer in the nucleus. (prolekarniky.cz)
The gene product contains an N-terminal DNA binding domain and C-terminal ligand binding domain and is localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. (cancerindex.org)

Nevertheless, the part of HH signaling and its own importance in traveling mobile survival in cancer of the colon aren't well defined. (acancerjourney.info)
Those tumors delicate to SMO inhibitors, such as basal cell carcinoma[15, 16] and medulloblastoma[11, 17], depend on canonical HH signaling for mobile survival. (acancerjourney.info)
Treatment with BC also significantly improved the median survival of immune-depleted mice engrafted with either cultured or main AML BPCs exhibiting nuclear manifestation of β-catenin. (researchassistantresume.com)
This article highlights a striking association between a signal transduction network and the overall survival of patients with PDAC. (kidztrainer.com)

however, nuclear accumulations of pSMAD2-C and CLDN3 redistribution were observed with similar time course in ciliated and non-ciliated cells. (springer.com)
When GFP-CLF and PWO1-mCherry were heterologously co-expressed in Nicotiana tabacum leaf epidermal cells, the fluorescent proteins localized to nuclear speckles of unknown identity (see figure). (plantae.org)
Furthermore, single-cell-based proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of D4-IgG4H-CD28TM CAR T cells reveals specific genes (e.g. (nature.com)
To improve the response rate in B cell malignancies and translate the success of CAR T cells to solid tumors, the optimization of this class of therapeutics is required. (nature.com)
Furthermore, by investigating the impact of hinge (CD8 and IgG4) and TM (CD8 and CD28) on D4 CAR T cells, we discover that IgG4H-CD28TM mediated D4 CAR dimerization, leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density. (nature.com)
On the other hand, SRPK2 plays a pivotal role in regulating RNA splicing and DNA damage response in neuronal and cancer cells 7,8 . (biologists.com)
Support for a perfect role in individual cells originated from tests displaying that YAP was struggling to induce mRNA appearance in various murine cell lines which the murine gene lacked the key TEAD\binding consensus site downstream from the transcription begin. (rawveronica.com)
This in turn signals the surrounding cells to determine the cell-fate ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Using TCF/LEF luciferase promotor assay (Top/Flash) we show that resistant A2780cis cells possess a threefold higher Wnt signaling activity compared to A2780 cells. (oncotarget.com)
These findings are in line with previous studies, reporting the existence of nuclear RNAi in human cells [ 13 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
In contrast, the KCBP knockout (KO) line in the moss Physcomitrella patens showed a defect in nuclear and organelle positioning in apical stem cells. (go.jp)
MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

The genes were found to have overlapping functions in regulating post-embryonic growth and meristem maintenance. (plantae.org)
TGF- signaling: The TGF- superfamily of development factors which includes TGF-, activins, and BMPs regulates various biological procedures during embryonic development as well as in adult life. (thetechnoant.info)

Anatomy26

Organisms21

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes69

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Pathway48

Pathways24

Phosphorylation16

Ligands4

Cellular11

Mutations3

Receptor11

Regulate6

Initiates2

Physiological3

Intracellular1

Receptors5

Inhibition5

Kinase3

Regulation8

Translocation5

Mechanisms8

Degradation1

Oncogenic2

Suppresses1

Subcellular localization2

Induces3

Modulate1

Activates1

Inhibitor4

Xenopus1

Association with chromatin2

Epigenetic2

Highly conserved1

Epithelial3

Stimuli2

Activation8

Target7

Targets1

Notch11

Regulator2

Axis1

Transcription factor1

Putative1

Evolutionarily conserved1

Regulates cell1

Inflammatory7

Alternative polyadenylation3

Interaction3

Induction2

Cascade1

Several genes1

Cancers1

Chromatin3

Proteins involved1

Replication1

Nucleus2

Survival4

Cells13

Embryonic2