• The encoded protein contains a high mobility group-box DNA binding domain and participates in the regulation of cell cycle genes and cellular senescence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular senescence is a fundamental cellular program that is activated after a finite number of cell divisions and operates to avoid further cell proliferation. (plos.org)
  • In addition cellular senescence constitutes a tumor suppressor mechanism [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • The tumor suppressor pathways, ARF/MDM2/p53 and p16 INK4a /Rb, have been shown to play critical roles in the induction of cellular senescence [3] . (plos.org)
  • Characterization of the impact of the MYBBP1A gene and rs3809849 on asparaginase sensitivity and cellular functions. (nih.gov)
  • Regulation and function of Myb-binding protein 1A (MYBBP1A) in cellular senescence and pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. (nih.gov)
  • For this purpose, a cellular model of senescent myocardial cells was set up and evaluated using colorimetric, fluorimetric, and immunometric techniques. (hindawi.com)
  • Relevant cellular senescence markers, such as X-gal staining, cell cycle regulator levels, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells, were found to be reduced in the presence of naringenin. (hindawi.com)
  • Because aging has been demonstrated to be directly related to the occurrence of cardiac disorders, together, the data have prompted us to investigate the effects of Nar in a cellular model of aged myocardial cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Various cellular senescence hallmarks (the percentage of X-gal staining cells, the mRNA levels of the p16 and p21 cell cycle regulators, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells) were investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that is triggered and controlled by various external and/or internal factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • These RBPs may also play critical roles in cellular senescence by regulating the expression of senescence-associated genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The biological functions of RBPs in controlling cellular senescence are being actively studied. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herein, we summarized the RBPs that influence cellular senescence, particularly by regulating processes such as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, cell cycle, and mitochondrial function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Examples include exposure to toxic compounds or radiation, loss of contact with other cells or the extra-cellular matrix, lack of oxygen (hypoxia), acidic pH, the activation of oncogenes, induction of cellular senescence, oxidative damage or depletion of essential metabolites. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • They are involved in a range of cellular processes, depending upon the transcriptional repressor that recruits them to DNA, and they suppress the transcription of genes that cause apoptosis (reviewed in Bergman et al, 2006a). (southampton.ac.uk)
  • CtBP activity is modified by UV radiation and glycolytic metabolism, suggesting that CtBPs regulate cell survival in response to cellular stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • In some cases, the decline in proliferation reaches an irreversible state called cellular senescence, which is characterized by a total lack of cell divisions and altered cellular morphology, gene expression profile, and chromatin organization ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The p53 is considered as a major "guardian of genome" for its activities in a wide range of cellular events, including cell-cycle regulation, induction of apoptosis, gene amplification, DNA recombination, chromosomal segregation and cellular senescence. (apexbt.com)
  • Abstract The major tumor suppressor P53 (TP53) acts primarily as a transcription factor by activating or repressing subsets of its numerous target genes, resulting in different cellular outcomes (e.g., cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence). (uni-greifswald.de)
  • In the context of DNA damage, p53 is thought to be a decision-making transcription factor that selectively activates genes as part of specific gene expression programmes to determine cellular outcomes. (nih.gov)
  • These multiple layers of regulation enable p53 to execute cellular responses that are appropriate for specific cellular states and environmental conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Usually several hours are required from the initiation of cell death to the final cellular fragmentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • In these cellular models, prolonged JHDM1B downregulation triggered a surge of 45S pre-rRNA transcription and processing, associated with a re-modulation of the H3K36me2 levels at rDNA loci and with changes in DNA methylation of specific CpG sites in rDNA genes. (oncotarget.com)
  • Taken together, these data indicate that the reduction of JHDM1B leads to a more aggressive cellular phenotype in mammary gland cells, by virtue of its negative regulatory activity on ribosome biogenesis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process that arrests the proliferation of cells that are at risk of neoplastic transformation. (nature.com)
  • There is now substantial evidence that cellular senescence is a barrier to malignant tumorigenesis in vivo . (nature.com)
  • There is also mounting evidence that cellular senescence contributes to ageing. (nature.com)
  • Proliferating cells can initiate an additional response by adopting a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest that is termed cellular senescence. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the causes and consequences of cellular senescence has provided novel insights into how cells react to stress, especially genotoxic stress, and how this cellular response can affect complex organismal processes such as the development of cancer and ageing. (nature.com)
  • Campisi, J. Cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressor mechanism. (nature.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes can promote cellular senescence, a state in which cells stop dividing, preventing the replication of damaged DNA. (pharmiweb.com)
  • In addition, using invitro methylation assay we identified 4 new substrates for PRMT6, extending the involvement of this enzyme to other cellular processes beyond its well-established role in gene expression regulation. (embl.de)
  • Cellular senescence-inhibited gene (CSIG), also named as ribosomal_L1 domain-containing 1 (RSL1D1), is implicated in various processes including cell cycle regulation, cellular senescence, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis. (transhumanist.ru)
  • And once the telomeres are all gone, the cell enters a stage called cellular senescence, and is permanently stuck in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, unable to move on to phase S . This is a self-preservative mechanism: with every mitosis, the cell line ages, and becomes more likely to start suffering from errors it passes on to its descendants. (bitsandbugs.io)
  • A cell biologist, Frank Graham, working in Alex van Eb's lab at the University of Leiden, [6] used the E1 gene from adenovirus 5 to 'immortalise' the cell line, effectively rewriting the cell's internal regulation mechanism to allow it to continue to divide indefinitely rather than enter cellular senescence. (bitsandbugs.io)
  • Cancer is an aging disease and cellular senescence plays an essential role in promoting cancer development and tumor progression [ 2 ], suggesting the great potential of senescence-related genes in predicting prognosis and pharmacological response. (impactaging.com)
  • In mammalian cells, stimulated oncogenes accompanied by inactivated tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) are crucial inducements of proliferative stress and induction of cellular senescence, which therefore limit tumor growth [ 3 - 5 ]. (impactaging.com)
  • Cellular senescence was first identified as a type of irreversible cell cycle arrest that occurs when cells reach the end of their replicative potential ( Hayflick and Moorhead, 1961 ). (rupress.org)
  • Senescent cells also undergo dramatic changes in their morphology and in the organization and architecture of their cellular compartments. (rupress.org)
  • The expression and cellular localisation of proteins encoded by selected candidate genes were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in cortical neurones included alterations in insulin and other signalling pathways, cell cycle, cellular senescence, inflammatory mediators, and components of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hsa-miR-371-373 cluster (counteracting cellular senescence and linked with differentiation potency), as well as hsa-miR-520c/-520h (inhibiting the tumor suppressor p21) were 3.9-16.3 fold up-regulated in two of the three cisplatin resistant cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular senescence. (moleqlar.de)
  • Cellular senescence describes the state of a stagnant cell cycle. (moleqlar.de)
  • More under Cellular Senescence . (moleqlar.de)
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection induces DNA damage, through CHK1 degradation and impaired 53BP1 recruitment, and cellular senescence. (cdc.gov)
  • In this manuscript, we report the in vitro mutagenicity of waterpipe smoke condensate (WSC), the alteration in cellular parameters of lung alveolar cells in response to WSC exposure and discuss the implication of cellular responses in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (who.int)
  • However, WSC induced cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence mediated by the p53-p21 pathway. (who.int)
  • Opposing function of MYBBP1A in proliferation and migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
  • We have also developed interests in other pathways which regulate gene transcription and cancer cell proliferation in response to stress and changes in cell metabolism. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Role of CtBP transcriptional repressors in cancer cell proliferation and survival In common with p53, CtBP1 and CtBP2 proteins were discovered through their physical association with a viral oncoprotein. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Here, we demonstrate that a systemic factor found in the circulation of young mice is able to increase the proliferation rate of old pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Restitution of miR122 in BCLC9 cells, decreases cell proliferation rate and reduces significantly tumor size in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Treatment of miR122 positive cells with an inhibitor of TGFBR1 activation, abolished tumor dormancy program and recovered cell proliferation rate through a Smad-independent TGF-β response. (oncotarget.com)
  • Indeed, this process is controlled by the same oncoproteins and tumor suppressors that normally control cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a tumor suppression mechanism that blocks cell proliferation in response to oncogenic signalling. (nih.gov)
  • We monitored these cells during their expansion ex vivo with respect to proliferation kinetics, surface marker profile and differentiation potential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With its absence, the human body will be functioning without its "brake" of cell proliferation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that inhibit cell division and growth, acting as a control mechanism to prevent excessive cell proliferation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • As mentioned previously in this blog, the P13/Akt pathway is involved in cancer processes as well as cell survival and stem cell proliferation. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Here, we investigated the effect of arecoline on the proliferation and migration of human HepG2 hepatoma cells and its potential oncogenic mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Compared with control group, 2.5 µM arecoline treatment increased the proliferation and migration ability of the HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A low concentration arecoline can induce the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, with the potential mechanism of action linked to high levels of exosomal miR-21 and miR-1267, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway, upregulation of CDK1 and CCND1, and downregulation of RAF1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Global Characteristics of CSIG-Associated Gene Expression Changes in Human HEK293 Cells and the Implications for CSIG Regulating Cell Proliferation and Senescence. (transhumanist.ru)
  • This study shows that expression profiling can be used to identify genes that are transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally modified following CSIG knockdown and to reveal the molecular mechanism of cell proliferation and senescence regulated by CSIG. (transhumanist.ru)
  • This is, of course, a nuisance if they are inside a human, because proliferation and division of those cells causes unpleasant things like tumours. (bitsandbugs.io)
  • Although senescent cells repress proliferation-promoting genes, they also induce the gene program necessary for the implementation of senescence. (rupress.org)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition, we studied the effect of WSC on the proliferation and cell cycle of alveolar type II cells and vascular endothelial cells. (who.int)
  • The process of accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes over time in individual cells and the effect of the changes on CELL PROLIFERATION. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although Brg1-containing complexes are not essential for general cell survival, they participate in transcriptional regulation of several hundred genes including those involved in interferon and stress response, immune cells differentiation, neurogenesis, cell cycle etc. and is absolutely necessary for mouse embryogenesis. (thermofisher.com)
  • miR122 is the prevalent miRNA in adult healthy liver and it is responsible for liver stem cell differentiation towards hepatocyte lineage. (oncotarget.com)
  • HCC stem-like cells can be directed towards cell differentiation and tumor dormancy by restoring miR122 expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • A switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration drives these cells toward differentiation, but the mechanisms that control this switch are poorly defined. (lww.com)
  • Our findings identify a novel role for VHL in mediating nephron progenitor differentiation through metabolic regulation, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development. (lww.com)
  • Microarray analysis of MSC during osteogenic differentiation identified three candidate genes for further examination and functional analysis: ID4, CRYAB, and SORT1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite growing experience and knowledge concerning human MSC and their use in cell-based strategies, the molecular mechanisms that govern MSC self-renewal, expansion and multilineage differentiation are not well understood and remain an active area of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally we analyzed the gene expression profiles of MSC during osteogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After fertilization, blastomeres of the newly created embryo undergo global epigenetic changes and simultaneously initiate transcription from the zygotic genome and differentiation forming separate cell lineages. (ehu.eus)
  • In addition, epigenetics is involved in the development or differentiation of cells. (moleqlar.de)
  • Terminal differentiation and senescence share several common properties, including irreversible cessation of growth and changes in gene expression profiles. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • However, the features initially ascribed to endothelial progenitor cells, i.e ., phenotype, expression of endothelial markers, and ability to form tube-like structures on Matrigel, can be mimicked by blood monocytes [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Epigenetic up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis and more aggressive phenotype triggered by the lack of the histone demethylase JHDM1B in mammary epithelial. (oncotarget.com)
  • Senescence-related secretory phenotype (SASP) refers to the ability of senescent tumor cells to actively produce a wide variety of proteins, many of which are pro-inflammatory cytokines or pro-inflammatory substances in themselves [ 10 , 11 ]. (impactaging.com)
  • The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a hallmark of senescence with an important physiological impact, but how it is established is unclear. (rupress.org)
  • Moreover, we describe for the first time an association of the up-regulation of micro-RNA species such as hsa-miR-512-3p/-515/-517/-518/-525 and down-regulation of hsa-miR-99a/-100/-145 with a cisplatin resistant phenotype in human germ cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conditioned media from such cells were then used to stimulate human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) to enhance tube-like structure formation in a Matrigel assay. (hindawi.com)
  • Neither AT alone in control media nor conditioned media nor AT-stimulated cells affected numbers of endothelial cells in the plug or plug's vascularization. (hindawi.com)
  • The process of neovascularization can be influenced not only by the residual endothelial cells but also by the circulating cells. (hindawi.com)
  • They facilitate adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells, enabling leukocyte extravasation into tissues during inflammation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • VCAMs are involved in mediating the adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelial cells, facilitating the recruitment of immune cells during inflammation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • PECAM-1 is expressed on the surface of platelets and endothelial cells and is involved in cell adhesion and signaling during immune responses. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Evidence has been provided that activation of the vascular endothelial cells in the presence of the risk factors promotes oxidative stress and vascular inflammatory responses, leading to acceleration of atherosclerotic vascular disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic changes in cortical neurones, and associated astrocytes and endothelial cells of the neurovascular unit, in the ageing brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 912, 2202, and 1227 genes were significantly differentially expressed between cases with self-reported T2D and controls in neurones, astrocytes, and endothelial cells respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Impaired insulin signalling was shared by neurovascular unit cells with, additionally, apoptotic pathway changes in astrocytes and dysregulation of advanced glycation end-product signalling in endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 2 ] Diagnosed in 50% of patients with VHL disease, these hemangiomas are composed of endothelial cells and pericytes. (medscape.com)
  • Brg1 (Brahma-related gene 1) is an ATPase subunit of SWI2/SNF2-like chromatin-remodeling complexes that enable access of regulatory and effector proteins in transcription, DNA repair and DNA replication. (thermofisher.com)
  • however, regulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes by P53 is poorly understood in hepatocarcinogenesis. (uni-greifswald.de)
  • Specifically, we discuss how the interaction of p53 with DNA and chromatin affects gene expression, and how p53 post-translational modifications, its temporal expression dynamics and its interactions with chromatin regulators and transcription factors influence cell fate. (nih.gov)
  • The chromatin further condenses until it breaks up inside a cell with an intact membrane, a feature described as karyorrhexis [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase 1B (JHDM1B, also called FBXL10 or KDM2B) is a conserved and ubiquitously expressed member of the JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase (JHDM) family involved in the demethylation of trimethylated lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) and dimethylated lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me2), thereby removing active chromatin marks and inhibiting gene transcription [ 2 - 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Chromatin target of Prmt1 (Chtop) is a vertebrate-specific chromatin-bound protein that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. (embl.de)
  • In addition, some pathways that are typically altered during cardiac aging-induced damage, including the generation of radical oxidative species, the mitochondrial metabolic activity, the modulation of the mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, and the regulation of estradiol and estrogen-regulated gene expression, were investigated [ 20 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In single celled organisms these pathways are generally involved in ensuring the survival and replication of the individual cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Stress-response pathways play a key role in the patho-physiology and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.At almost every stage of the development of a tumour, cells are exposed to some form of stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Many current and prospective treatments for cancer work by either inhibiting, or re-activating stress response pathways.Our work focuses on the role of regulators of gene transcription in the response of cancer cells to stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • A particular interest of our work has been how HDM2 and HDMX protein synthesis is controlled in response to cell-signalling pathways in different cell types, and how this affects p53 function in these cells. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Functional pathway enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that the most enriched signaling pathways in aged mice lungs are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, senescence, development, oxidative stress, and inflammation. (aging-us.com)
  • Using the miRNet database we identified TNFα, mTOR, TGFβ, WNT, FoxO, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathways as the potential targets of several of the dysregulated miRNAs supporting that old lungs have increased susceptibility for apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. (aging-us.com)
  • Defects can occur at any point along these pathways, leading to malignant transformation of the affected cells, tumour metastasis and resistance to anticancer drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two powerful tumour suppressor pathways, controlled by the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRB) proteins, are important for establishing and maintaining the senescence growth arrest. (nature.com)
  • These pathways respond to somewhat different stimuli but interact and cooperate to control the senescence response. (nature.com)
  • Figure 4: Senescence controlled by the p53 and p16-pRB pathways. (nature.com)
  • We illustrated for the first time in a human model the three main stages of osteogenic development, and we could show the diverse regulation of the SMAD pathways by TGF-β2 and BMPs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using telomerase-deficient TRF2-overexpressing mice (K5TRF2/Terc_/_) as a model for accelerated aging, we show that telomere shortening is paralleled by a gradual deregulation of the mammalian transcriptome leading to cumulative changes in a defined set of genes, including up-regulation of the mTOR and Akt survival pathways and down-regulation of cell cycle and DNA repair pathways. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • We performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and hub target genes analysis to illuminate potential biomarkers and related pathways in arecoline-induced cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To screen important targets and signaling pathways modulated by CSIG, we compared the gene expression profiles in CSIG-silencing and control HEK293 cells using Affymetrix microarray Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChips. (transhumanist.ru)
  • Furthermore, we investigated the correlated expression patterns of Cdc14B, ESCO1 , KPNA5 , MAP3K3 , and CSIG during cell cycle and senescence progression, which imply the important pathways CSIG regulating cell cycle and senescence. (transhumanist.ru)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • There, it acts on molecular longevity pathways and interacts with sirtuins as well as the PARP gene family. (moleqlar.de)
  • Using SHAM expression levels as another control variable, we further identified six genes (Fxyd4, Apex2l1, Kctd4, 7SK, SNORD94, and SNORA53) that were highly expressed after sepsis induction and observed that their expression levels were attenuated by mitochondrial transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Brg1 is also involved in cell growth arrest, senescence and tumour supression. (thermofisher.com)
  • In other situations the response is cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death (apoptosis), providing a barrier to further tumour development that the tumour may ultimately circumvent through the acquisition of a mutation in one of the genes within the stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Activated p53 transcriptionally regulates hundreds of genes that are involved in multiple biological processes, including in DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. (nih.gov)
  • In this Review, we discuss the multiple molecular mechanisms of p53 regulation and how they modulate the induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. (nih.gov)
  • The defining characteristic of senescence is a highly stable cell cycle arrest, triggered by the up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p16 INK4a and p21 CIP1a . (rupress.org)
  • Genes necessary for cell cycle progression, such as E2F-dependent genes, are incorporated into the SAHF and are thereby silenced, contributing to the stability of the growth arrest. (rupress.org)
  • Analysis of cell cycle revealed that infection of HO-1 cells with Ad.hPNPase old-35 resulted in arrest in the G 1 phase and eventually apoptosis accompanied by marked reduction in the S phase. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • Overexpression of Myc partially but significantly protected HO-1 cells from Ad.hPNPase old-35 -induced growth arrest, indicating that Myc down-regulation might directly mediate the growth-inhibitory properties of Ad.hPNPase old-35 . (houstonmethodist.org)
  • We also assessed the effect of WSC on the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and inflammation. (who.int)
  • Mechanisms of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are complex interplay between bloodstream cells and arterial wall components that leads to a chronic state of vascular oxidative stress and inflammation ( Hansson and Hermansson, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Antioxidant genes such as ferritin are transcriptionally activated in oxidative stress via the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), to which nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds and activates transcription. (embl.de)
  • Conditional mutation of Smc5 in mouse embryonic stem cells perturbs condensin localization and mitotic progression. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, cyclin A binding to E2F-1 impedes PRMT1 methylation and augments PRMT5 methylation, thus ensuring that E2F-1 is locked into its cell-cycle progression mode. (embl.de)
  • Senescence-related genes are involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of GC. (impactaging.com)
  • This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
  • Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
  • This gene encodes a nucleolar transcriptional regulator that was first identified by its ability to bind specifically to the Myb proto-oncogene protein. (nih.gov)
  • ERK-dependent transcriptional up-regulation of Mcl1 was responsible for enhanced slippage of cells with mitotic defects and subsequent cell survival. (nih.gov)
  • We propose that activated Ras induces transcriptional changes that predispose cells undergoing OIS to mitotic stress and multinucleation. (nih.gov)
  • Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. (embl.de)
  • PRMT6 is a protein arginine methyltransferase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. (embl.de)
  • Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
  • Our results suggest that in young cells Polycomb proteins are recruited to the INK4/ARF locus through CDC6 and the resulting silent locus is replicated during late S-phase. (plos.org)
  • Evidence supporting the direct control of the cell cycle by Pc-G proteins in vertebrates came from studies on mouse Bmi1 mutants. (plos.org)
  • The regulation of gene expression can be achieved by various types of modulating mechanisms, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are commonly known as critical regulators targeting a global range of transcripts. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some Example Projects: Regulation of HDM2 and HDMX proteins The HDM2 oncoprotein is the major negative regulator of p53 function in the cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
  • Some tumor suppressor proteins are involved in maintaining cell adhesion, preventing cells from breaking away and spreading to other parts of the body (metastasis). (pharmiweb.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules are a diverse group of proteins that play a crucial role in mediating cell-to-cell interactions and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. (pharmiweb.com)
  • We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
  • If something goes wrong in the regulation of proteins, individual proteins may not appear at all or may even increase in number. (moleqlar.de)
  • To understand the mechanism by which MINK1 regulates 5FU resistance, we performed a high-throughput phosphorylation profiling in MINK1 WT and MINK1 KO 5FU resistant cells (Fig. 3A&B). From this study, we found p- p53 (Ser33) and p-53(Ser15) to be significantly up-regulated in MINK1KO cells whereas p-AKT (Ser473) and p-MDM2 (Ser166) were found to be down-regulated in MINK1KO cells as compared to MINK1WT cells. (springernature.com)
  • The regulatory mechanism included induction of the P53 target gene P21 (CDKN1A) resulting in repression of HELLS via downregulation of the transcription factor Forkhead Box Protein M1 (FOXM1). (uni-greifswald.de)
  • And so, some cancer cells have this senescence mechanism disabled, and can divide an unlimited number of times. (bitsandbugs.io)
  • In some circumstances, the activation of a stress-response pathway will actually help the tumour cell to survive and proliferate. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • In the late 1990s work from a number of groups, including Blaydes et al , demonstrated that HDM2 could be targeted in cancer cells to re-activate the p53 stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The analysis of the Hif1α pathway in SDHD-ESR tissues and in two newly derived cell lines after complete SdhD loss -a requirement for hereditary paraganglioma type-1 tumor formation in humans- partially recapitulated the "pseudo-hypoxic" response and rendered inconsistent results. (ed.ac.uk)
  • These DE-miRNAs, hub genes and pathway were proved in arecoline-treated HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes are involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background Mutations in Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) pathway genes lead to a class of disorders known as RASopathies, including neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Noonan syndrome (NS), Costello syndrome (CS), and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC). (bmj.com)
  • In a previous study, performed to clarify the role of aging in the development of lung fibrosis in Zmpste24 deficient mice that represent an accelerated aging-model, we evaluated by RNA microarray analysis differentially expressed genes in old compared to young WT mice lungs [ 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • These findings reveal differential expression profiles of genes and miRNAs affecting cell survival and the inflammatory response during lung aging. (aging-us.com)
  • Heterogeneity is generated both passively, e.g. by differential gene expression in cells of a tissue, and actively, such as the generation of the immense variation for immunological recognition molecules. (researchsquare.com)
  • The differential expression of genes such as ZNF616 , KPNA5 , and MAP3K3 was further validated by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. (transhumanist.ru)
  • Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is a method for analyzing microarray data of whole genome expression profiles, which compare genes with predefined gene sets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These foci likely mediate the irreversible cell cycle changes that occur in senescent cells. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Figure 5: Potential deleterious effects of senescent cells. (nature.com)
  • However, the accumulation of senescent cells can have detrimental consequences, such as in age-related pathologies. (rupress.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family of transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The INK4/ARF locus encodes three tumor suppressor genes (p15 Ink4b , Arf and p16 Ink4a ) and is frequently inactivated in a large number of human cancers. (plos.org)
  • In this work, we made use of the inducible SDHD-ESR mouse, a conditional mutant in the SdhD gene, which encodes the small subunit of MCII, and that acts as a tumor suppressor gene in humans. (ed.ac.uk)
  • This gene encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1), a factor implicated in cell cycle, senescence, and cancer. (ed.ac.uk)
  • This gene encodes a histone chaperone that preferentially places the variant histone H3.3 in nucleosomes. (antibodies-online.com)
  • The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene (VHL) is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 3 (3p25.3) and encodes a ubiquitously expressed 4.7 kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes 3 alternately spliced exons. (medscape.com)
  • Bioinformatic technologies were used to identify the deferentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and hub target genes of arecoline-induced cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 86 DE-miRNAs and 460 target genes were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These target genes are associated with DNA-templated regulation of transcription and other biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CDK1, CCND1, RAF1, CDKN1B and BTRC were defined as the top 5 hub target genes, and patients with high expression of CDK1 showed poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we used bioinformatics approaches to analyze the miRNA expression data of arecoline-induced cancer from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and identified the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) compared to healthy volunteers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
  • Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
  • The two SDHD-ESR cell lines also showed accumulation of this protein. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In addition, miR122 transfected cells decreased AKT2 kinase activation while decreased FOXO1 and FOXO3A protein inactivation. (oncotarget.com)
  • To study the potential role in this metabolic shift of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, the authors generated nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice. (lww.com)
  • Ribosome biogenesis, the process of ribosome production, is frequently up-regulated in cancer in order to respond to the increased demand of protein synthesis in highly proliferating cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • The GSE13861 and GSE54129 cohorts, single-cell dataset GSE134520, and The Human Protein Atlas (THPA) database were utilized for localization of the key senescence-related genes. (impactaging.com)
  • We show that the acetylation mimetic GAC.K316Q does not assemble into higher order oligomers and this modification likely inhibits protein activity in cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
  • The foamy stromal cells between the capillaries stain positive for glial fibrillary acid protein and neuron-specific enolase. (medscape.com)
  • Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Therefore, we performed microarray analysis of adrenal medulla and kidney in order to identify other early gene expression changes elicited by SdhD deletion. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Neurone, astrocyte, and endothelial cell-enriched mRNA, obtained by immuno-laser capture microdissection of temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21/22) from 6 cases with self-reported T2D in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study neuropathology cohort, and an equal number of age and sex-matched controls, was assessed by microarray analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRs) are regulators of gene expression by destabilizing and inducing degradation of messenger RNAs (mRNA) and/or repressing their translation [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Importantly, mitotic slippage and oncogene signalling synergistically induced senescence and key senescence regulators p21 and p16. (nih.gov)
  • Transcription factor 7-like 1, also known as TCF7L1, is a human gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The accessibility and transcription of ribosomal genes is controlled at several levels, with their epigenetic regulation being one of the most important. (oncotarget.com)
  • Since JHDM1B is a negative regulator of gene transcription, we focused on the effects induced by JHDM1B knock-down (KD). (oncotarget.com)
  • Recent global analyses of gene transcripts revealed that specific transcription factors (TFs) and their networking systems physiologically correspond to the onset of human diseases, including cancer. (intechopen.com)
  • however, its role in antioxidant gene transcription remains elusive. (embl.de)
  • Orthologs of this gene in yeast, flies, and plants are necessary for the formation of transcriptionally silent heterochomatin. (antibodies-online.com)
  • In other words, expression of specific genes might have relevance to pathogenesis of diseases. (intechopen.com)
  • In the absence of Bmi1, M33, or Phc2, primary embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are unable to progress into S phase, undergo premature senescence after only a few passages in culture and show an increased accumulation of the tumor suppressors p16 INK4a , p19 ARF and p15 INK4b [4] , [10] . (plos.org)
  • An in vitro model of premature myocardial senescence was established as previously reported [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Epigeneitc silencing of ribosomal RNA genes by Mybbp1a. (nih.gov)
  • For example, steroid and thyroid hormones directly bind to nuclear receptors, which induce expression of specific genes. (intechopen.com)
  • This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. (cancerindex.org)
  • In the third mode, reguland regulation, the regulated entity is the target of a regulatory shift, which is often irreversible or requires action of another regulator to return to original state. (researchsquare.com)
  • Agherbi H, Gaussmann-Wenger A, Verthuy C, Chasson L, Serrano M, Djabali M (2009) Polycomb Mediated Epigenetic Silencing and Replication Timing at the INK4a/ARF Locus during Senescence. (plos.org)
  • Previous studies have shown the involvement of cell-autonomous factors in this phenomenon, particularly the decline of polycomb genes and accumulation of p16/INK4A. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • For instance, expression of HRAS G12V is usually associated with upregulated senescence-related genes including p53 , p19 ARF , p16 INK4a , Pml , and retinoblastoma, which work as an obstructive factor for tumor initiation [ 6 , 7 ]. (impactaging.com)
  • Our study is aimed at investigating whether precursors of myeloid angiogenic cells (PACs) treated with known pharmaceuticals would produce media with better proangiogenic activity in vitro and if such media can be used to stimulate blood vessel growth in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • Concluding, high concentrations of atorvastatin stabilize tubes and enhance the paracrine angiogenic activity of human PAC cells in vitro . (hindawi.com)
  • Our in vitro and in vivo findings indicate an important additional aspect of the tumor suppressive function of P53 in liver cancer linked to epigenetic regulation. (uni-greifswald.de)
  • Hayflick, L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. (nature.com)
  • We created an in vitro model of acquired cisplatin resistance by long term exposure of three well established germ cell tumor cell lines to cisplatin, resulting in sublines with significantly increased resistance to cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro RNA degradation assays confirmed its exoribonuclease properties, and overexpression of hPNPase old-35 resulted in growth suppression in HO-1 human melanoma cells. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • In this regard we now provide novel information demonstrating that the assembly of higher order fiber-like GAC oligomers henceforth termed the GAC superstructure is necessary for proper enzyme activation both in vitro and in a cancer cell model. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression and that are frequently dysregulated in tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, further stimulation of oncogenes or deactivation of TSGs elicits bypass of the previous senescence, contributing to tumorigenesis [ 8 , 9 ]. (impactaging.com)
  • Sager, R. Senescence as a mode of tumor suppression. (nature.com)
  • Only the has-miR-10b involved in breast cancer invasion and metastasis and has-miR-512-3p appeared to be up-regulated (2-3-fold) in all three cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells continually experience stress and damage from exogenous and endogenous sources, and their responses range from complete recovery to cell death. (nature.com)
  • In addition to its contribution to small and large vessel disease, T2D may directly damage cells of the brain neurovascular unit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prior to senescence, mutant RasV12 activation in primary human fibroblasts compromised mitosis, associated with abnormal expression of mitotic genes that enter M-phase. (nih.gov)
  • Then, we used atorvastatin-stimulated cells or conditioned media from them in the Matrigel plug in vivo angiogenic assay. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study we asked if MSC are developing in an aberrant or unwanted way during ex vivo long-term cultivation and if artificial cultivation conditions exert any influence on their stem cell maintenance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)
  • Among them, the regulation of senescence-associated genes is an important molecular event that plays a role in senescence. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gene Tests ( www.genetests.org ) cites 48 different laboratories in the United States that can test for the VHL gene mutation. (medscape.com)
  • Our results revealed that each mutant tissue displayed different variations in their gene expression profiles affecting to different biological processes. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Substantial portion of molecules in an organism is involved in regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here, the concept of poikilosis allowed development of a model for biological regulation applicable to all types of regulated systems. (researchsquare.com)
  • Regulation is a common feature in biological systems. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here, a new model and explanation is provided for biological regulation, applicable at any level of regulation, system and organism. (researchsquare.com)
  • Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)
  • The molecule is a coenzyme found in almost every cell of an organism. (moleqlar.de)
  • Although the processes are very different, the principles of the regulation are the same in all these systems. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cells are potent to go under abnormal growth processes and finally lead to tumor/cancer. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Aging lowers the replicative potential of most cells and the capacity for tissue regeneration ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • One great advantage of MSC is that these cells may be directly obtained from individual patients, thereby eliminating the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic tissue and infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecules are found on the cell surface, where they facilitate adhesion to neighboring cells or the extracellular matrix, creating stable cell structures and supporting tissue organization. (pharmiweb.com)
  • I know a great number of people who oppose abortion, and who are therefore opposed to the biomedical use of tissue or cells that have been derived from foetuses aborted for that very purpose, although most of them do not oppose the use of foetal tissue from foetuses aborted for some other reason. (bitsandbugs.io)
  • Furthermore, we deal with autophagy and special longevity genes: the sirtuins. (moleqlar.de)
  • Clinical hallmarks of VHL disease include the development of retinal and central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas (blood vessel tumors), pheochromocytomas , multiple cysts in the pancreas and kidneys, and an increased risk for malignant transformation of renal cysts into renal cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts provide potential for the development of novel treatment strategies, such as improved healing of large bone defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In recent years mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have generated a great deal of interest as a potential source for cell-based therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells up-regulate the invasive potential of prostate cancer cells via the eotaxin-3/CCR3 axis. (cancerindex.org)
  • This study aimed to clarify the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a component of the cancer microenvironment. (cancerindex.org)
  • Many stimuli elicit a senescence response. (nature.com)