Gene proteins and protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

With the exception of the first and last exons of genes, every other exon in the genome has splicing signals at its 5' and 3' ends and theoretically can circularize. (bcm.edu)
De Iaco also found that when DUX4 is forcibly produced in muscle cells, it turns on a whole set of genes that are expressed during zygotic genome activation. (news-medical.net)
They found that DUX4 is one of the very first genes expressed at this stage, releasing a high concentration of its protein product just before zygotic genome activation. (news-medical.net)
In line with this lead, the scientists could show that the DUX4 protein binds to the regulatory region of genes that are induced during zygotic genome activation, stimulating their expression. (news-medical.net)
The final piece of evidence came when the EPFL scientists removed the DUX gene from fertilized mouse oocytes using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. (news-medical.net)
The study points to DUX4, and by extension the DUX family of proteins, as the master regulator responsible for kick-starting genome expression at the earliest stage of embryonic life in humans, mouse and probably all placental mammals. (news-medical.net)
In humans, only about 1.5 percent of the human genome or DNA consists of protein-coding genes. (indiavision.com)
Researchers have now presented a new proteogenomics method, which makes it possible to track down protein coding genes in the remaining 98.5 percent of the genome, something that until now has been an impossible task to pursue. (indiavision.com)
Associate Professor and study leader Janne Lehtio's team found evidence for almost one hundred new protein-coding regions in the human genome. (indiavision.com)
Many of the new proteins encoded by pseudogenes could also be traced in other cancer cell lines, and the next objective on the researchers' agenda is to investigate if these genes in the "junkyard" of the genome play a role in cancer or other diseases. (indiavision.com)
Dr Lethio said that their study challenges the old theory that pseudogenes don't code for proteins, asserting that their method allows for protein based genome annotation in organism with complex genomes and can lead to discovery of many novel protein coding genes, not only in humans but in any species with a known DNA sequence. (indiavision.com)
Lentiviral (LV) vectors of the Retroviridae family show interesting properties for monogenic gene therapy, since they integrate into the host genome and allow long-lasting gene expression 22 . (nature.com)
The human genome contains about 20,000 protein-coding genes and about 5,000 genes that specify functional RNAs. (blogspot.com)
I hope it's just sloppy thinking when they say that their 1800 essential "genes" represent 9.2% of all genes in the genome (Wang et al. (blogspot.com)
Pseudogenes derived from this gene are present in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
A deep gene duplication, which coincided with a whole-genome duplication, gave rise to two gene lineages. (lu.se)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

Here you can search for genes and proteins by GenBank gi numbers, accession numbers or UniProt accession numbers. (lu.se)

Some of them are the protein-coding genes for RNA polymerase subunits, ribosomal proteins, enzymes of lipid metabolism, and many other enzymes. (blogspot.com)
Fubi is a member of the ubiquitin family, and ribosomal protein S30 belongs to the S30E family of ribosomal proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Similar to ribosomal protein S30, ribosomal proteins S27a and L40 are synthesized as fusion proteins with ubiquitin. (wikipedia.org)

How do genes direct the production of proteins? (medlineplus.gov)

Hammill JT, Miyake-Stoner S, Hazen JL, Jackson JC, Mehl RA (2007) Preparation of site-specifically labeled fluorinated proteins for 19 F-NMR structural characterization. (springer.com)
Molecular characterization of the immune system: emergence of proteins, processes, and domains. (lu.se)

The reports on base sequences of spider silk protein genes have gained importance as the mechanical properties of silk fibers have been revealed. (bioone.org)
This binding puts these ssDNA sequences into optimal conformations for interacting with DNA polymerases and other replication proteins. (qiagen.com)
To identify the proteins containing the corresponding amino acid sequences, we determined the N-terminal amino acid sequence of 12 spots of LMW-GSs of Norin 61 separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). (unboundmedicine.com)
The N-terminal sequences of the LMW-GS spots showed that 10 of 12 groups of LMW-GSs were expressed as protein products, which included LMW-i, LMW-m, and LMW-s types. (unboundmedicine.com)
New emm (M protein gene) sequences of group A streptococci isolated from Malaysian patients. (cdc.gov)

The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two lipid transfer proteins found in human plasma. (nih.gov)
PhosphoLipid transfer protein (PLTP) exerts a direct pro-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblasts-like-synoviocytes (FLS) independently of its lipid transfer activity. (nih.gov)
The protein is associated with microtubules , and Chatterjee and colleagues silenced the gene via short interfering RNA (siRNA) a molecular biological mechanism to study genes, targeting the CKAP5 encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery. (medicalxpress.com)

One such protein is the cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), widely expressed in a variety of cells to regulate the dynamics of microtubules in human cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Wild-type TP53 can inhibit the cell cycle and activate apoptosis-related genes that induce apoptosis and regulate cell proliferation ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the cytoplasm, the encoded protein may function to regulate apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)

Our results lend support to the concept of post-transcriptional RNA operons, but we further present evidence that nuclear proximity of genes may provide substantial functional regulation in mammalian single cells. (nih.gov)
With roughly 30,000 genes in mammalian genomes, fection with a vector encoding MyoD (Tapscott et al. (lu.se)

Deep sequencing has revealed thousands of eukaryotic protein-coding genes that defy the central dogma, producing circular noncoding RNAs rather than linear messenger RNAs. (bcm.edu)
For some genes, the abundance of the circular RNA exceeds that of the associated linear mRNA by a factor of 10, raising the interesting possibility that the function of some protein-coding genes may actually be to produce circular noncoding RNAs, not proteins. (bcm.edu)
In total, these results indicate that inhibition or slowing of canonical pre-mRNA processing events shifts the steady-state output of protein-coding genes towards circular RNAs, which likely helps explain why and how circular RNAs show tissue-specific expression profiles. (bcm.edu)
Some of these genes are the genes for ribosomal RNA, tRNAs, the RNAs involved in splicing, and many other types of RNA. (blogspot.com)

Immumome contains information about immunity related proteins, their domain structure and the related ontology terms. (lu.se)
Here you can search for group of genes e.g. by protein domains or ontology terms. (lu.se)

Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a "stop" codon (a sequence of three nucleotides that does not code for an amino acid). (medlineplus.gov)
Zoghbi and collaborator Richard Gibbs propose to sequence these 500 genes in DNA samples from individuals with autism enrolled in the Simons Simplex Collection. (sfari.org)
Using these genetic techniques, Zoghbi and colleagues aim to pinpoint genes in which sequence variations or defects are linked to autism and determine whether these events are heritable or occur spontaneously. (sfari.org)
This gene is the cellular homolog of the fox sequence in the Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV). (wikipedia.org)

Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Single-cell RNA sequencing studies on gene co-expression patterns could yield important regulatory and functional insights, but have so far been limited by the confounding effects of differentiation and cell cycle. (nih.gov)
Pseudogenes have been considered as non-functional genes, which are believed to be gene remnants that lost their function during evolution. (indiavision.com)
The study of protein complexes and protein functional modules has become an important method to further understand the mechanism and organization of life activities. (biomedcentral.com)
The clustering algorithms used to analyze the information contained in protein-protein interaction network are effective ways to explore the characteristics of protein functional modules. (biomedcentral.com)
This paper conducts an intensive study on the problems of low recognition efficiency and noise in the overlapping structure of protein functional modules, based on topological characteristics of PPI network. (biomedcentral.com)
The experimental results show that the ECTG algorithm can detect protein functional modules better. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that topological structure and attribute information are very effective in identifying protein complexes by analyzing the existing mainstream PPI network methods for identifying protein functional modules [ 12 , 13 ], even though there are not much approaches take both information into consideration. (biomedcentral.com)
Calculating the similarity between gene expression patterns (co-expression degree) by using gene expression data has an important guiding function in understanding the relationship between the corresponding proteins of the gene, and can help to identify whether different proteins have same or similar functions and whether they can be composed as protein complexes or functional modules. (biomedcentral.com)
Also list of proteins for functional categories, e.g. (lu.se)

Mutations in specific genes - such as neuroligins, which help relay signals between neurons - have also been linked to autism. (sfari.org)
I want to know about specific genes so I can see if the results conform to expectations. (blogspot.com)

In particular, we are interested in determining how cellular cues can alter the ratio of linear mRNA to circular RNA for a given gene. (bcm.edu)
The researchers hope that the identification of new autism genes will pave the way for studies of protein function that may help better understand the mechanics of autism at the cellular level. (sfari.org)
Here we present Aura®+ , a USP 1788 compatible, low-volume, high throughput particle imaging system that can rapidly size, count, and characterize biological particles and identify them as proteins, non-proteins, cellular aggregates, or other types of molecules. (livestorm.co)

Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

PGP9.5 is a soluble cytoplasmic protein with a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 kD. (neuromics.com)
Daxx, a Death domain-associated protein, was first discovered through its cytoplasmic interaction with the classical death receptor Fas. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas the function of fubi is currently unknown, ribosomal protein S30 is a component of the 40S subunit of the cytoplasmic ribosome. (wikipedia.org)

In order to collect information on nuclear coded mitochondrial proteins we developed MitoNuc and MitoAln, two related databases containing, respectively, detailed information on sequenced nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial proteins in Metazoa and yeast, and the multiple alignments of the relevant homologous protein coding regions. (nih.gov)

It interacts with a wide variety of proteins, such as apoptosis antigen Fas, centromere protein C, and transcription factor erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1). (wikipedia.org)

Silks are composed principally of proteins with a predominance of alanine, serine and glycine and silk proteins are able to undergo irreversible transformations from soluble protein to insoluble fibres. (bioone.org)
Amyloidosis comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases in which normally soluble plasma proteins are deposited in the extracellular space in an abnormal, insoluble, fibrillar form. (medscape.com)

The ability to knock out human genes using CRISPR technology has opened to door to testing for essential genes in tissue culture cells. (blogspot.com)

The HSP70 gene family encodes the major heat shock protein of molecular weight 70,000. (blogspot.com)
This gene encodes a multifunctional protein that resides in multiple locations in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
It encodes a fusion protein consisting of the ubiquitin-like protein FUBI at the N-terminus and ribosomal protein S30 at the C-terminus. (wikipedia.org)

A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Here we show that the form of regulatory action directed by a plant miRNA is determined by DRB2, a DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) partnering protein. (nature.com)

In addition to regulating the size of HDL particles, this protein may be involved in cholesterol metabolism. (nih.gov)
What they should detect is all of the genes required in core metabolism. (blogspot.com)

It seemed possible that these genes are regulated by transcription factors that are themselves regulated by miRNAs, and at a translational level by a process involving DRB2. (nature.com)
Gene expression is regulated by proteins known as transcription factors. (ku.edu)
Gene reporter technology (GRT) has opened several new avenues for monitoring biological events including the activation of transcription factors, which are central to the study of nutrigenomics. (oregonstate.edu)
In the nucleus, the encoded protein functions as a potent transcription repressor that binds to sumoylated transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)

DRB2 has been remarkably conserved throughout plant evolution, raising the possibility that translational repression is the ancient form of miRNA-directed gene regulation in plants, and that Dicer partnering proteins, such as human TRBP, might play a similar role in other eukaryotic systems. (nature.com)
The microarray analysis of drb2 also revealed a large set of gene transcripts that were significantly different from wild-type levels, but which are not thought to be the primary targets of miRNA-directed regulation ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ). (nature.com)
Figure 4: Translational and post-translational regulation of DRB1 and DCL1, and evolutionary conservation of DRB1 and DRB2 proteins. (nature.com)
For example, viral infection, stress and the regulation of other proteins can also change the aggregation of p53 protein ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
SAA protein is an acute phase reactant, like C-reactive protein (CRP), and is synthesized by hepatocytes under the transcriptional regulation of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). (medscape.com)
2022 ) Gene Expression Regulation in Airway Pathogens: Importance for Otitis Media. (lu.se)

We compiled SITs from 37 diatom genomes to characterize shifts in selection following gene duplications and marine- freshwater transitions. (lu.se)

RNA-silencing requires an Argonaute protein and guide RNA called microRNA. (isaaa.org)
Though Argonaute2 is not the only type of Argonaute protein, it appears to be the only Argonaute protein capable of terminating target RNA directly. (isaaa.org)

Using RNAi screening in Drosophila cells, we identified many hnRNPs, SR proteins, core spliceosome, and transcription termination factors that control the outputs of reporter and endogenous genes. (bcm.edu)
GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)

A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. (medlineplus.gov)

To characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), we developed specific PCR primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of LMW-GS genes of Norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. (unboundmedicine.com)
Theoretische und angewandte Genetik JO - Theor Appl Genet VL - 112 IS - 2 N2 - To characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), we developed specific PCR primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of LMW-GS genes of Norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. (unboundmedicine.com)

Alberto de Iaco, a postdoc in the lab of Didier Trono at EPFL, drew upon a seemingly irrelevant study of patients suffering from a form of muscular dystrophy where mutations lead to the production in muscle cells of a protein called DUX4, which is normally detected only at the earliest stage of human embryonic development. (news-medical.net)
Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
Gene therapy has been utilized successfully to repair or inactivate mutations in animal models of monogenic human diseases 19 as well as human in vitro cells 12 . (nature.com)
All recognized mutations for AD are associated with increased deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide fragment comprising 39-43 amino acids that derive from the catabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) molecule. (medscape.com)

The TP53 gene plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA damage repair ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Overall, more than 20 genes and chromosomal regions are known to cause autism when defective but together, these account for only around 10 percent of cases. (sfari.org)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular pathological method with high sensitivity and specificity, which uses specific DNA probes to detect chromosomal aberrations, as well as gene deletion and amplification ( 21 , 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Therefore, the overexpression of p53 does not always indicate a mutation in the TP53 gene. (spandidos-publications.com)

More and more clustering algorithms are proposed to identify protein complexes with the constantly development of proteomics. (biomedcentral.com)
ABSTRACT In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. (who.int)
The study shows the usefulness of proteomics in identifying proteins that may express differences between sensitive and resistant L. tropica isolates. (who.int)

We find that nuclear organization has the greatest impact, and that genes encoding for physically interacting proteins specifically tend to covary, suggesting importance for protein complex formation. (nih.gov)
Its repression can be relieved by the sequestration of this protein into promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies or nucleoli. (wikipedia.org)

The T4 Gene 32 Protein has exhibited an ability to enhance the performance of several DNA synthesis-related activities in secondary-structure rich regions, including PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. (qiagen.com)
Improved yields and quality of templates may be achieved with the use of DNA-binding proteins in amplification and sequencing reactions. (qiagen.com)

Upon inhibiting RNA polymerase II termination, circular RNA levels were similarly increased due to readthrough transcripts extending into downstream genes and being subjected to backsplicing. (bcm.edu)
The update on RNA-silencing focused on Argonaute2, which is a protein that can switch-off a gene by intercepting and slicing the gene's RNA transcripts before they are translated as proteins. (isaaa.org)

One of the annoying things about all three papers is that they use the words "gene" and "protein-coding gene" as synonyms. (blogspot.com)

The algorithm can effectively remove the noise data reflected by calculating the topological structure characteristic values in the PPI network through the similarity of gene expression patterns, and also properly use the information hidden in the gene expression data. (biomedcentral.com)
The extensive but relatively balanced history of duplications and losses, together with paralog-specific expression patterns, suggest diatoms continuously balance gene dosage and expression dynamics to optimize silicon transport across major environmental gradients. (lu.se)
protein patterns of subjects with leish- Cell culture maniasis [17]. (who.int)
states'' or gene expression patterns. (lu.se)

The constituent proteins are normally synthesised in specialised glands where the epithelial cells are responsible for the biosynthesis. (bioone.org)

Next, they looked at mouse embryonic stem cells, which contain the mouse version of the DUX4 gene (called simply DUX). (news-medical.net)
We apply a tailored experimental design that eliminates these confounders, and report thousands of intrinsically covarying gene pairs in mouse embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
Other studies showed that lack of Daxx gene caused a higher apoptotic rate in embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

Among other things, the research shows that some pseudogenes produce proteins indicating that they indeed have a function. (indiavision.com)

Although the biological significance of TP53 gene mutation is well characterized, its clinical significance in esophageal cancer remains controversial, especially as a prognostic biomarker. (spandidos-publications.com)

Numerous factors shape the evolution of protein-coding genes, including shifts in the strength or type of selection following gene duplications or changes in the environment. (lu.se)
Episodic diversifying selection was detected but not associated with gene duplications or habitat shifts. (lu.se)

The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. (medlineplus.gov)
After differentiating the mutant and corrected cells into lung organoids, we show expression of SFTPB mRNA during endodermal and organoid differentiation but the protein product only after organoid differentiation. (nature.com)

Transmembrane protein 88 inhibits transforming growth factor-β1-induced-extracellular matrix accumulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition program in human pleural mesothelial cells through modulating TGF-β1/Smad pathway. (nih.gov)
They have assembled a collection of proteins known to be implicated in these pathways and then screened a library of all human brain proteins to find other proteins that interact with those in the collection. (sfari.org)
Sandwalk: How many human protein-coding genes are essential for cell survival? (blogspot.com)
Three-dimensional atomic structure of a human protein which is mainly involved in regulating the activities of cells has been identified by the Scripps Research Institute. (isaaa.org)
2022 ) Protein domain-dependent vesiculation of Lipoprotein A, a protein that is important in cell wall synthesis and fitness of the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae . (lu.se)

Tumor protein 53 ( TP53 ) is a recognized tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 17q13.1. (spandidos-publications.com)

Similarly, TP53 mutation does not always lead to the accumulation of p53 protein in cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

I looked first at the genes encoding the enzymes for gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. (blogspot.com)

At least two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)

Transmembrane protein 88 exerts a tumor-inhibitory role in thyroid cancer through restriction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (nih.gov)

Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)

The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. (medlineplus.gov)
The T4 Gene 32 Protein is intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)
There will be involved gene engineering and molecular biology methods such as PCR, SDS-PAGE, qPCR, western blot, DNA-protein interaction assays, flow cytometry etc. (lu.se)

Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. (medlineplus.gov)

The native Gene 32 Protein from bacteriophage T4 (T4gp32) is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that is required for T4 DNA replication, recombination and repair. (qiagen.com)
The ability of T4 Gene 32 Protein to enhance the performance of several DNA synthesis-related activities is based on its essential function in the replication of bacteriophage T4. (qiagen.com)

In contrast, genes in the second SIT lineage (SIT3) were present in just half the species, the result of multiple losses. (lu.se)

Through the processes of transcription and translation, information from genes is used to make proteins. (medlineplus.gov)

The proteins are subsequently secreted into the glandular lumen where they are stored until extrusion. (bioone.org)

Immune system is a complex machinery, which is based on the highly coordinated expression of a wide array of genes and proteins. (lu.se)

The outcomes highlighted the importance of the gene of interest as a therapeutic target to investigate genetically unstable ovarian cancers to further elucidate its mechanisms of action. (medicalxpress.com)
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene deletion and protein expression and clinical features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to evaluate the predictive value of these two characteristics in the prognosis of ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)

We alter the deficiency by infecting the SFTPB deficient iPSCs with a lentivirus carrying the wild type SFTPB gene. (nature.com)
Daxx interacts with the TGF-β type II receptor by binding of C-terminal domain of the protein. (wikipedia.org)

After Fas stimulation, Daxx is activated and plays its role of pro-apoptotic protein in activating the c-JUN-N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)

The T4 Gene 32 Protein is a single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that has the function of stabilizing single-stranded regions of DNA. (qiagen.com)
Developing a protein function module recognition method ECTG based on Topological Features and Gene expression data for Protein Complex Identification. (biomedcentral.com)
The subcellular localization and function of this protein are modulated by post-translational modifications, including sumoylation, phosphorylation and polyubiquitination. (wikipedia.org)
Several additional interacting proteins are known, but not always is there an understanding of the specific function and relevance of this interaction. (wikipedia.org)
While at first Daxx was said to be a "death protein", it is suggested that associating with centromeric components leads to another function of Daxx. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science21

Health Care1

Genome17

UniProt1

Ribosomal proteins3

Production of proteins1

Characterization2

Sequences5

Lipid3

Regulate3

Mammalian2

RNAs4

Ontology2

Sequence4

Functional10

Specific genes2

Cellular3

Induce1

Cytoplasmic3

Mitochondrial1

Centromere protein1

Soluble2

CRISPR1

Encodes3

Regulatory2

Metabolism2

Transcription factors4

Regulation6

Genomes1

ARGONAUTE2

Endogenous2

Amino acid1

Subunit2

Mutations4

Apoptosis1

Chromosomal2

Overexpression1

Proteomics3

Nuclear2

Amplification2

Transcripts2

Synonyms1

Patterns4

Epithelial cells1

Embryonic stem3

Pseudogenes1

Biological1

Shifts2

MRNA2

Human5

Chromosome1

Similarly1

Enzymes1

Transcript1

Exerts1

Mass Spectrometry1

Molecular biology3

Cytoplasm1

Bacteriophage2

Lineage1

Processes1

Subsequently1

Immune system1

Investigate2

Type2

Kinase2

Function5