• HGNC ID, HGNC:9605), also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or COX-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • PTGS2 (COX-2), converts arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin endoperoxide H2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Network pharmacology analysis and bioinformatics analysis showed that PTGS2, JUN, MYC, and CDKN1A might be crucial target genes in the primary mechanism of SQP in treating NASH and improving the inflammatory response. (hindawi.com)
  • Expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) remained unaffected. (omu.edu.tr)
  • The expression of genes such as interleukin 1β ( IL-1β ), interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ), inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ( COX2/PTGS2 ), and the release of PGE-2, IL-1β and IL-8 were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggest that genetic variations in TNF, TGFB1, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes contribute to DA susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • Transcriptomic studies from various tissues revealed that deletion of the lincRNA-Cox2 locus also strongly impaired the basal and inducible expression of the neighboring gene prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (Ptgs2), encoding cyclooxygenase-2, a key enzyme in the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway. (umassmed.edu)
  • More importantly, lincRNA-Cox2 also functions in trans, independently of Ptgs2, to regulate critical innate immune genes in vivo. (umassmed.edu)
  • COX2 is naturally inhibited by calcitriol (the active form of Vitamin D). Glucocorticoids chronically trans-repress PTGS2 gene activity in vivo in part by interfering with transcription initiation and elongation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. (bioss.com.cn)
  • Background Misregulation from the PTGS (prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, also called cyclooxygenase or COX) pathway can lead to the deposition of pro-inflammatory indicators, which takes its hallmark of tumor. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • The conversion of arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 is a 2 step reaction: a cyclooxygenase (COX) reaction which converts arachidonate to prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) and a peroxidase reaction in which PGG2 is reduced to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). (thermofisher.com)
  • Midazolam significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of both cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in a dose-dependent manner (approximately 3-30 microm). (asahq.org)
  • These results suggest that midazolam has an antiinflammatory action by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, possibly through suppression of NF-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. (asahq.org)
  • 6 Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced in macrophages by proinflammatory stimuli, including mitogens, cytokines, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. (asahq.org)
  • Prostaglandin (PG)-system revealed upregulated expression of PGE2-synthase and its receptors, PTGER2 and PTGER4, and of the PG-transporter. (omu.edu.tr)
  • Effect of PRP on endometrial cell proliferation and on the expression of genes [prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ( COX2 ), tumor protein p53 ( TP53 ), oestrogen receptors ( ER-α and ER-β ), progesterone receptor ( PR ) and c-Myc ] involved in the regulation of oestrus cycle and fetal-maternal interaction were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, no deleterious mutations have already been detected in virtually any from the PGE2 synthases, neither in the receptors and (Additional file 1: Figure S3A). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were used to search for crucial target genes and mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to verify the expression of crucial target genes at the protein and RNA levels, respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • (B) Expressions of RNASET2 in human tissues were analyzed in the Human Protein Atlas database, and the resulting transcript expression values, denoted normalized expression (NX), were calculated for each gene in every sample. (frontiersin.org)
  • Herein, we show that an immunocyte expression protein, ZBTB46, induces inflammatory response gene expression and contributes to NE differentiation of prostate cancer cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The genome-wide DNA methylation pattern of remaining testis suggested that substantial genes harbored differentially methylated regions (1,139) in gene bodies, which were enriched in process of protein binding and cell adhesion. (animbiosci.org)
  • Integrative analysis revealed that proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 3 interacting protein gene, which encodes a protein crucial for homologous recombination in spermatocytes, exhibited promoter hypomethylation and higher expression level in hemicastrated mice. (animbiosci.org)
  • Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)
  • It directly encourages growth through the activation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-1 (PGHS-1, main isoform present in the dermal papilla cells), In humans, that enzyme is encoded by the PTGS-1 gene. (shopuskart.com)
  • DNA methylation modifications specifically affect the tumor cells (both adenomas and carcinomas), redirecting the transcriptional deregulation to activation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) function and blockade of additional biologically energetic prostaglandins. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • The synthesized PGH2 is converted to prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α), prostacyclin (PGI2), or thromboxane A2 by tissue-specific isomerases. (wikipedia.org)
  • In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection. (drugbank.com)
  • In cancer cells, COX2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays important roles in modulating motility, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition, ZBTB46 acts as a transcriptional coactivator that binds to the promoter of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1) and transcriptionally regulated PTGS1 levels. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. (bioss.com.cn)
  • An inducible gene expression program is a hallmark of the host inflammatory response. (umassmed.edu)
  • The tumor suppressor TP53 (also called p53) has been among the most extensively studied genes since its discovery in 1979 [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • 687 genes differentiated tumor samples before and after treatment, among which 310 genes did not show the same differential expression in the placebo group or normal samples. (karger.com)
  • We propose that loss of PTEN during malignant progression contributes to tumor expansion through the deregulation of Akt activity and HIF-1-regulated gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Chronic exposure to growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-I in acromegaly), mutations in tumour suppressor genes (TP53 in Li Fraumeni syndrome) and long-term exposure to immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporin A) may also give rise to similar environments and are associated with the development of a range of solid tumours. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, an important precursor of prostacyclin, which is expressed in inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The PTGS (COX) enzymes catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins in two steps. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, RNA-seq results indicated that 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in meiotic cell cycle, synaptonemal complex assembly and spermatogenesis were upregulated in the hemicastration group, while 197 DEGs were downregulated, which were related to arachidonic acid metabolism. (animbiosci.org)
  • The effects of MAGP-1 in the expression of genes involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and tumorigenesis in HT-29 cells was also explored. (cun.es)
  • Furthermore, the results revealed that 10 ng/ml of LPS is the most effective dose to obtain an inflammatory response, and that PRP treatment significantly down regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Variations in the APP gene promoter region and risk of Alzheimer disease. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Athan ES, Lee JH, Arriaga A, Mayeux RP, Tycko B. Polymorphisms in the promoter of the human APP gene: functional evaluation and allele frequencies in Alzheimer disease. (jamanetwork.com)
  • CAFs are different from NFs, and their unique phenotypes and functions are partly determined by differences in gene expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To achieve this, p53 mainly functions as a transcription factor (TF) targeting hundreds of genes, but it also has TF-independent roles in the nucleus and cytoplasm [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
  • PANTHER gene function analysis results indicated that viral derived miRNA candidates could target various human genes involved in crucial cellular processes including transcription, metabolism, defense system and several signaling pathways such as Wnt and EGFR signalings. (platcovid.com)
  • However, the cationic mechanism requires that endoperoxide formation comes before the removal of the 13-pro (S )-hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ben A.P., Crofford L.J., Wilder R.L., and Hla T., (1995) Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in synovial fibroblasts by prostaglandin E and interleukin-1: a potential mechanism for inflammatory angiogenesis. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • However, the active targeted genes and underlying mechanism remain unclear. (hindawi.com)
  • This study aims to explore its mechanism by defining changes in gene expression between neoplastic and normal tissue samples before and after treatment. (karger.com)
  • We demonstrated a molecular mechanism whereby ZBTB46 can be regulated by the androgen-responsive gene, SPDEF, and is associated with NE prostate cancer (NEPC) differentiation. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Profiling from the PTGS pathway in colorectal cancer progression DNA methylation isn't the only possible mechanism in charge of gene downregulation and silencing. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Despite the fact that the samples presented heterogeneous expression profiles, our results show that this transcriptional profile from the PTGS pathway is markedly altered during tumorigenesis, presenting downregulation of several genes in nearly all tumors (Fig.?1a). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • We also analyzed the DNMT double-knockout cell line HCT116-DKO [37], which presented reconstitution from the expression of all of the genes, supporting our hypothesis of the epigenetic silencing mechanismDNA methylationbehind the observed transcriptional downregulation in CRC (Additional file 1: Figure S1B). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • The absence of endoperoxide-containing products derived from 10,10-difluoroarachidonic acid has been thought to indicate the importance of a C-10 carbocation in PGG2 synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)
  • 0.001) significantly decreased MFAP2 gene expression levels in VAT whereas an opposite trend in TGFB1 mRNA levels was observed. (cun.es)
  • The decreased levels of MAGP-1 in patients with obesity and CC together with its capacity to modulate key genes involved in ECM remodelling and tumorigenesis suggest MAGP-1 as a link between AT excess and obesity-associated CC development. (cun.es)
  • To get an initial glimpse in the changes the PTGS pathway undergoes during colorectal tumorigenesis, we analyzed gene expression levels in some nine CRC tumors and adjacent mucosae. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Network pharmacology analysis was used to screen the target genes of SQP for NASH treatment based on public databases. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, we profiled the testicular gene expression patterns by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine whether methylation changes affected gene expression in hemicastrated mice. (animbiosci.org)
  • Analysis of context sentence of EGFR gene in 64 abstracts. (platcovid.com)
  • Results: TNFα supplementation resulted in catabolic stimulation with increased levels of NO and IL-6, upregulation of catabolic gene expression, and downregulation of anabolic markers. (bvsalud.org)
  • in one study, 31 genes in breast CAFs, which were identified using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 and an empirical Bayesian model, were different from those in NFs ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Overall, approximately 25 % from the analyzed tumors presented a mutation in at least among the genes, however when analyzed individually, non-e from the genes revealed a higher frequency of deleterious mutations in colorectal tumors. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • L'analyse d'image des cartes appariées a permis d'identifier sept protéines qui étaient soit surexprimées, soit sous-exprimées : le récepteur de la protéine kinase C activée, la tubuline alpha (×2), la prostaglandine F2-alpha synthase, la protéine disulfide isomérase, une protéine du transport vésiculaire et une protéine hypothétique. (who.int)
  • Circulating concentrations of MAGP-1 and its gene expression levels (MFAP2) in VAT were analysed. (cun.es)