• Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Analysis of the structure and sequence of several different env genes suggests that Env proteins are type 1 fusion machines. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Env proteins of the Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis virus (ASLV) and the Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) are both trimers of SU-TM heterodimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV-1 protease cleaves an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) precursor proteins, such as cleaving the env protein , glycoprotein (GP) 160 , into gp41 and gp120 . (proteopedia.org)
  • gag gene codes for structural proteins which forms the 'body' of the viral particle, among other proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • Pol gene on the other hand codes for three essential enzymes which are Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Integrase (IN) and Protease (PR), among other proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • env gene codes for viral envelop proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • With the GeoVax vaccine a variety of HIV proteins (both surface and internal) are expressed from genes which include the Env, Pol and Gag genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Lentiviral gene delivery systems consist of packaging (or helper) plasmids that code for viral structural and regulatory proteins, and a gene transfer vector that contains the transgene expression cassette ( Srinivasakumar, 2001 ). (peerj.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Mucosal Immunization with Newcastle Disease Virus Vector Coexpressing HIV-1 Env and Gag Proteins Elicits Potent Serum, Mucosal, and Cellular Immune Responses That Protect against Vaccinia Virus Env and Gag Challenges. (duke.edu)
  • The Gag and Env proteins expressed by all the recombinants except rNDV-Env-Gag self-assembled into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virus-like particles (VLPs). (duke.edu)
  • In this study, we showed that coexpression of Env and Gag proteins of HIV-1 performed using a single Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector led to the formation of HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs). (duke.edu)
  • These results suggest that the use of a single NDV expressing Env and Gag proteins simultaneously is a novel strategy to develop a safe and effective vaccine against HIV. (duke.edu)
  • Immunocytochemical analysis of HIV-1 proteins demonstrated that equal numbers of cells were infected and that equal amounts of intracellular HIV-1 Env and Gag proteins were produced throughout the culture period. (biu.ac.il)
  • The predicted gene products with sequence similarity amongst the eiAU and SSL 2009a phage genomes include things like the putative small tail proteins tail tape mea certain, major tail proteins, major capsid proteins, head morphogenesis, phage terminase tiny subunit, and the phage terminase large subunit. (hivprotease-signal.com)
  • HIV-1 also has regulatory genes ( tat and rev ) and genes that encode for accessory proteins ( vpu , vpr , vif , and nef ) that are important in viral replication and interaction with the host. (medscape.com)
  • HIV infection can be diagnosed based on detection of antibodies that are directed against the proteins encoded by the 3 major genes, the detection of the p24 antigen, the viral nucleic acid, and, finally, by means of culturing the virus. (medscape.com)
  • The importance of glycosylation of Env in HIV-1 was ascertained by synthesizing the glycoprotein in the presence of a glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • As recently reported, the conformationally fixed HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers in the pre-fusion state (SOSIP) display molecular homogeneity and structural integrity at relatively high levels of resolution. (elsevierpure.com)
  • During this time, the question of whether this infection route favours viral evasion of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) targeting the virus envelope glycoprotein (Env) has been repeatedly investigated, but with conflicting results. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The env gene encodes for glycoprotein (gp) 120 and gp 41. (medscape.com)
  • The env gene codes for the gp160 protein which forms a homotrimer, and is cleaved into gp120 and gp41 by the host cell protease, furin. (wikipedia.org)
  • UNLABELLED: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) avirulent strain LaSota was used to coexpress gp160 Env and p55 Gag from a single vector to enhance both Env-specific and Gag-specific immune responses. (duke.edu)
  • To facilitate this, full-length gp160 genes were cloned from acute and early subtype B infections and characterized for use as reference reagents to assess neutralizing antibodies against clade B HIV-1. (duke.edu)
  • Individual gp160 clones were screened for infectivity as Env-pseudotyped viruses in a luciferase reporter gene assay in JC53-BL (TZM-bl) cells. (duke.edu)
  • Envelope protein immunogens may improve DNA or live-vectored HIV vaccines by complementing antiviral cellular responses with Env antibodies. (nih.gov)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env clones from acute and early subtype B infections for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies. (duke.edu)
  • Functional env clones were sequenced and their neutralization phenotypes characterized by using soluble CD4, monoclonal antibodies, and serum samples from infected individuals and noninfected recipients of a recombinant gp120 vaccine. (duke.edu)
  • Our results suggest a possible effect of non- env HIV-1 genes on the interaction of Env and neutralizing antibodies and highlight the need to generate a library of IMCs representative of the HIV-1 subtype spectrum to be used as standardized neutralization assay reagents for assessing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy. (plos.org)
  • Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can block virus entry by binding Env and inhibiting attachment or conformational changes required for fusion [ 4 - 7 ]. (plos.org)
  • The presence of RA associated antibodies (ACCP or RF) and/or the SE genes are indicative for any poorer radiological end result and higher grade of activity. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The present study is usually a cross-sectional analysis aimed to evaluate the significance of the presence of SE genes, defined as em DRB1*01 /em or em DRB1*04 /em , in relation to anti-CCP antibodies, antikeratin antibody (AKA) and RF in individuals who developed RA. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • It is believed that the intracellular transport of the nascent protein depends, to some extent, on the oligomerization of Env precursors, which allows hydrophobic sequences to be buried inside the protein structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although HIV-1 based gene transfer vectors lack most of the viral coding sequences, it retains a small portion of the gag sequence, and also contains a 5′ splice donor site upstream of gag and frequently a 3′ splice acceptor site further downstream. (peerj.com)
  • All gene transfer vectors also contain cis -sequences for encapsidation, reverse-transcription, and integration. (peerj.com)
  • These immune assays will be advanced by the development of standardized viral stocks, such as HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMC), that i) express a reporter gene, ii) are representative of globally diverse subtypes and iii) are engineered to easily exchange envelope (env) genes for expression of sequences of interest. (plos.org)
  • Thus far, a subtype B IMC backbone expressing Renilla luciferase (LucR), and into which the ectodomain of heterologous env coding sequences can be expressed has been successfully developed but as execution of HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials shifts increasingly to non-subtype B epidemics (Southern African and Southeast Asia), non-subtype B HIV-1 reagents are needed to support vaccine development. (plos.org)
  • The viral gene sequences identified in CFS patients clustered with sequences from PC and both sequences were virtually identical. (phoenixrising.me)
  • We tested this concept by administering two immunizations of alum-adjuvanted HIV-1 89.6 gp120 to macaques being primed at weeks 0 and 8 with SHIV 89.6 Gag-Pol-Env DNA and boosted at week 24 with SHIV-89.6 Gag-Pol-Env recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). (nih.gov)
  • Experiment outside containment (clinical trial) for the study of the safety of a sucutaneous administration of a recombinant canarypoxvirus expressing FELV genes. (biosafety.be)
  • The biosafety concerns about synthetic biology and its gene-editing tools are similar to the concerns lodged about recombinant DNA technology when it emerged in mid-1970s. (cdc.gov)
  • The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins are produced as a 160 kDa polyprotein that is subsequently processed to yield virion-associated, trimeric complexes of non-covalently associated gp120-gp41 heterodimers [ 1 , 2 ]. (plos.org)
  • The retroviral glycoproteins are oligomeric complexes that are composed of SU-TM heterodimers, which are made in the endoplasmic reticulum after the translation of the glycosylated Env precursor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gypsy element of Drosophila differs from most LTR retrotransposons in containing a third open reading frame that resembles retroviral env genes. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The retroviral promoter can direct high-level, efficient expression of genes encoded within the viral capsid of its genome using chromatin. (ukessays.com)
  • Gp120-alum boosting of a Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA AIDS vaccine: poorer control of a pathogenic viral challenge. (ucdenver.edu)
  • We conclude that gp120 inoculations that fail to raise neutralizing antibody do not improve the efficacy of Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA vaccines. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations in the CT have been shown to affect the conformation of gp120 ectodomain [ 16 - 18 ], and more recently, Durham et al suggested that the CT regulates the conformation of Env at the cell surface and control epitope exposure through T cell virological synapses [ 19 ]. (plos.org)
  • The expression of the env gene enables retroviruses to target and attach to specific cell types, and to infiltrate the target cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • While there are significant differences in sequence of the env gene between retroviruses, the gene is always located downstream of gag, pro, and pol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Retroviruses have various characteristics that make them unique as gene delivery vehicles. (ukessays.com)
  • The vaccine works with a combined DNA vaccine and MVA (modified vaccinia Ankara) vaccine both of which lead to the insertion of genes into primate DNA which leads to foreign protein expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] GeoVax is currently conducting multiple site Phase 2 Human clinical trials for HIV/AIDS preventive vaccine products following successful completion of multiple Phase 1 human clinical trials. (wikipedia.org)
  • Env-specific antibody responses were detected in 15 (50%) of 30 vaccine recipients by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and in 28 (93.3%) of 30 vaccine recipients by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting. (emmes.com)
  • Pinter A. Roles of HIV-1 Env variable regions in viral neutralization and vaccine development. (prosci-inc.com)
  • Here, we developed an alternative strategy using flexible peptide covalent linkage of Env subdomains to produce soluble, homogeneous, and cleavage-independent Env mimics, called native flexibly linked (NFL) trimers, as vaccine candidates. (elsevierpure.com)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Env is the envelope protein. (ukessays.com)
  • We have successfully translated the NFL design to multiple HIV-1 subtypes, establishing the potential to become a general method of producing native-like, well-ordered Env trimers for HIV-1 or other viruses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HIV p17 gag and env gene subtypes were determined by DNA sequence analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, the SOSIPs necessitate full Env precursor cleavage, which requires endogenous furin overexpression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The pol gene encodes the enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. (medscape.com)
  • The env mRNA must be spliced for expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Experimental deletion of rev resulted in the inability to detect the Env protein and levels of env mRNA in the cell cytoplasm were significantly diminished. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was found that without rev expression, there was a marked increase in nuclear env RNA, which suggests that rev plays an important role in the nuclear export of env mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that the sensitivities of these assays are sufficient to detect one rare HIV-producing/env mRNA +/p24 + cell in one million uninfected cells. (umn.edu)
  • It is becoming clear that vectors based upon adeno-associated virus (AAV) are the vectors of choice for certain gene therapy applications such as muscle delivery. (justia.com)
  • Env expression is regulated by the gene product of rev. (wikipedia.org)
  • However the gag/pol coding sequence serves as an intron and is spliced out for expression of Env. (peerj.com)
  • T cell activation was reported to induce expression of this gene and lead to an increase of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. (nih.gov)
  • These authors found both off-target gene silencing for many predicted targets, as well as a mutant phenotype that appeared to be caused by the gene silencing, rather than lack of expression of the targeted silenced gene. (bioscienceresource.org)
  • The research revolves around three main areas of interest: class I-mediated cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), gene expression in NK and T cellular subsets upon infection with HIV-1. (duke.edu)
  • Env is a viral gene that encodes the protein forming the viral envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shab-related subfamily. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. (nih.gov)
  • The heptad repeat 2 domain is a major determinant for enhanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fusion and pathogenicity of a highly pathogenic HIV-1 Env. (musc.edu)
  • Taxonomic classification of those E. ictaluri specific phages must rely on a synthesis of morphological and genomic details, taking into consideration that phage evolution continues to be profoundly directed by lateral gene transfer, and that a rational hierarchical technique of phage classification really should be based within the degree of DNA and protein sequence identity for several genetic loci. (hivprotease-signal.com)
  • Immunization of guinea pigs by the intranasal route with these rNDVs produced long-lasting Env- and Gag-specific humoral immune responses. (duke.edu)
  • The Env-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses and Gag-specific humoral immune responses were higher in rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag than in the other recombinants. (duke.edu)
  • rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag were also more efficient in inducing cellular as well as protective immune responses to challenge with vaccinia viruses expressing HIV-1 Env and Gag in mice. (duke.edu)
  • Gene Products, env" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • The epitope is located between amino acids 190-209 of the viral env gene. (zeptometrix.com)
  • The role of rev was further elucidated when it was found that rev acts in trans to target a specific sequence present in the env gene of HIV-1 to initiate export of incompletely spliced HIV-1 RNA from the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= GENE PRODUCTS, REV ), termed the rev-responsive element (RRE). (lookformedical.com)
  • Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). (nih.gov)
  • The substantial terminase subunit which is a structural protein is together with the portal protein viewed as essentially the most universally conserved gene sequence in phages, consequently they are good possibilities to assist in phage classification. (hivprotease-signal.com)
  • Env clones from 12 R5 primary HIV-1 isolates were selected that were not unusually sensitive or resistant to neutralization and comprised a wide spectrum of genetic, antigenic, and geographic diversity. (duke.edu)
  • However, when total cellular RNA was analyzed, env RNA totals were not significantly different in the presence and absence of rev coexpression. (wikipedia.org)
  • A recent paper by JA Heinemann, SZ Agapito-Tenfen and JA Carman (2013) "A comparative evaluation of the regulation of GM crops or products containing dsRNA and suggested improvements to risk assessments" presents a careful assessment of three regulatory regimes (Australia, New Zealand and Brazil) and their use of assumption-based reasoning to discount the risks of RNAi technology and the likelihood of harmful and unintended consequences. (bioscienceresource.org)
  • XMRV is a simple retrovirus with gag, pol and env genes and unlike HIV or HTLV, has no accessory or regulatory genes. (phoenixrising.me)
  • The Env protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) also has a trimeric structure of heterodimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic analysis of 48 virus- products. (cdc.gov)
  • Targeted disruption of the related gene in mice led to severe osteopetrosis and a lack of osteoclasts. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that vaccination with a single rNDV coexpressing Env and Gag represents a promising strategy to enhance immunogenicity and protective efficacy against HIV. (duke.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Gene Products, env" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Deletion of the RRE during reverse-transcription lead to the reconstitution of a functional hygromycin phosphotransferase gene in the target cell. (peerj.com)
  • Env can be modified by the addition of mannose-rich oligosaccharides, a process that takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and is carried out by the enzymes of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the transfer of already existing genes from one cell to another characterized an earlier phase of the field of biotechnology, synthetic biology involves the design, assembly, synthesis, or manufacture of new genomes, biological pathways, devices or organisms not found in nature. (cdc.gov)
  • Phylogenetic ana lysis of several phage gene merchandise suggests that these phages are similar to these that infect other Enterobacteria hosts. (hivprotease-signal.com)
  • Progress in this branch of synthetic biology has yielded remarkable therapeutic advances in gene therapy well beyond the achievements of conventional drugs and biologic agents. (cdc.gov)
  • The genome products (red circle) that require protease to process. (proteopedia.org)
  • Crystal Structures of Highly Constrained Substrate and Hydrolysis Products Bound to HIV-1 Protease. (proteopedia.org)
  • A second capability of synthetic biology involves the re-design of existing genes, cells or organisms for the purpose of gene therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this research is to identify genes associated to desiccation-rehydration cycle in the transcriptome of H. cruentum to better understand the genetic dynamics behind its desiccation tolerance mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
  • Modification of existing genes in living animal and human cells is enabled by engineered nucleases such as meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases, and the CRISPR-Cas system. (cdc.gov)