Gene named xist gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tsix binds Xist during X chromosome inactivation. (wikipedia.org)
X inactivation allows for equal dosage of X-linked genes for both males and females by inactivating the extra X chromosome in the females. (wikipedia.org)
When both alleles of Tsix are null (homozygous mutant), the results are low fertility, lower proportion of female births and a reversion to random X inactivation rather than gene imprinting. (wikipedia.org)
Assisted by Tsix, PRDM14 can associate with Xist and remove the inactivation of an X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Instead, the human Tsix chromosome is coexpressed with the human Xist gene on the inactivated X chromosome, indicating that it does not play an important role in random X chromosome inactivation. (wikipedia.org)
For this reason, one of the chromosomes has to be inactivated early on in embryonic development and Xist is the gene responsible for this inactivation. (ceraselab.org)
We are investigating how female lymphocytes maintain X-chromosome Inactivation, which is an epigenetic process responsible for equalizing gene expression between sexes. (upenn.edu)
X-chromosome Inactivation silences one X-chromosome in female cells, and this process is initiated and maintained by the long noncoding RNA Xist. (upenn.edu)
Our findings suggest that failed X inactivation, aberrant imprinting, decreased ERK/MAPK signaling and possibly elevated Wnt signaling, and reduced expression of genes for placental development collectively may contribute to abnormal placenta formation and failed fetal development in parthenogenetic embryos. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
The presence of these rings in association with more severe phenotypes including mental retardation has raised the possibility that they lack sequences necessary for X chromosome inactivation, specifically genes within the X inactivation center (XIC) essential for cis X-inactivation. (johnshopkins.edu)
Many of the ring chromosomes lack the XIST locus, consistent with XIST being necessary for cis inactivation. (johnshopkins.edu)
X chromosome inactivation is initiated in early embryos by the noncoding Xist RNA. (lncrnablog.com)

Tsix also functions to silence transcription of Xist through epigenetic regulation. (wikipedia.org)
The deletion of a CpG island, a site involved in epigenetic regulation, in the human Tsix gene prevents Tsix from imprinting on the X chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
To date, it is well known that lncRNAs participate in chromatin modifications and transcriptional and translational regulation of protein-encoding genes or regulate protein function and activity through specific binding [ 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
A nonlinear effect of CHD8 has also been detected in the CHD8 regulation of a gene called Xist . (ceraselab.org)
As shown in the top panel, when CHD8 is at 100%, it contributes to the proper regulation of gene expression. (ceraselab.org)
The middle panel shows that when CHD8 level is slightly reduced, it can still contribute to the regulation of gene expression, but the genes that are regulated by it are less expressed, and less protein is made. (ceraselab.org)
This is problematic for DE analyses between conditions, as DEGs detected for a particular cell type may be driven by differences in the ambient profiles rather than any intrinsic change in gene regulation. (bioconductor.org)
A study authored by UNC researchers and published in the August issue of "Nature Genetics" furthers the understanding of a fundamental biological process in mammals and contributes important new knowledge to gene regulation in the developing embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
The most common PTMs which are well-studied and understood in the context of DNA repair, gene expression, and regulation are acetylation and methylation. (troscriptions.com)
SNHG16-miR-23-3p/ miR-103-5p / HAPLN1 and XIST-miR-23-3p/miR-103-5p/HAPLN1 may be involved in the transcriptional regulation during HF. (researchsquare.com)
Genes expressed in LRECe revealed retention of some stem-like properties along with up-regulation of differentiation factors. (frontiersin.org)
His scientific interests lie mostly in Cell biology, Signal transduction, Genetics, Regulation of gene expression and Gene. (research.com)
His studies in Regulation of gene expression integrate themes in fields like RNA, Protein biosynthesis, Three prime untranslated region, Messenger RNA and microRNA. (research.com)
His Computational biology study combines topics from a wide range of disciplines, such as Transcriptome, Regulation of gene expression, Gene, Drug and Gene regulatory network. (research.com)
The Transcriptome study combines topics in areas such as Phenotype, Regulation of gene expression, Neuroepithelial cell and Gene expression profiling. (research.com)
The various areas that Nils Blüthgen examines in his Gene expression study include Regulation of gene expression and Signalling. (research.com)
In addition to classical gene regulatory networks noted above, we have recently identified a central role for additional biologic mechanisms, namely gene regulation by chromatin regulators and by noncoding RNAs. (stanford.edu)

Tsix and Xist regulate X chromosome protein production in female mice to prevent early embryonic mortality. (wikipedia.org)
SNHG16-miR-23-3p/miR-103-5p/HAPLN1 and XIST-miR-23-3p/ miR-103-5p/HAPLN1 might regulate the disease progression of HF at the transcriptional level. (researchsquare.com)
Jumonji (JmjC) domain proteins (see Jarid2 ) influence gene expression and chromatin organization by way of histone demethylation, which provides a means to regulate the activity of genes across the genome. (sdbonline.org)
However, most JmjC genes do not critically regulate development, as 10 members are viable and fertile with no obvious developmental defects. (sdbonline.org)
Noncoding RNA sequences can regulate gene expression via interactions with epigenetic and other control mechanisms. (stanford.edu)

This leads to dosage compensation problems: the two X chromosomes in the female will create twice as many gene products as the one X in the male. (wikipedia.org)
To mitigate this, one of the X chromosomes is inactivated in females, so that each sex only has one set of X chromosome genes. (wikipedia.org)
Mutation of the maternal Tsix gene can cause over accumulation of Xist on both X chromosomes, silencing both X chromosomes in females and the single X chromosome in male. (wikipedia.org)
As female mammals have two X chromosomes (XX) and males an X and Y (XY), imbalance occurs because female embryos have twice as many X-linked genes. (sciencedaily.com)
We recently showed that ring X chromosomes ascertained because of the severe phenotype do not express XIST, a candidate for the relevant gene, and that they are in fact active chromosomes. (johnshopkins.edu)
However, the breakpoints in four ring chromosomes that have XIST sequences but do not express XIST suggest that other sequences within the XIC distal to XIST as it is now defined are also needed. (johnshopkins.edu)

Compartmentalization of dJmj in nucleolus together with some of PcG may be necessary to de-repress the expression of genes required to cellular growth and proliferation in the following meiotic divisions. (sdbonline.org)
Enriched expression of genes in LRECb was associated with stem cell attributes and identified WNT, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways of self renewal and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)

However, if the paternal Tsix allele is active, it can rescue female embryos from the over-accumulation of Xist. (wikipedia.org)
Comparing Xist expression profiles in embryos WT and KO shows that Rlim is not required for initiation of Xist transcription but for upregulation of Xist expression. (nih.gov)
The report notes that the gene, eed, when functioning normally in female mouse embryos, keeps the paternal X chromosome inactive and many of its genes shut down in early placental cells. (sciencedaily.com)
When that happens, too many X chromosome genes are active, there are problems forming placental tissue, and female embryos die. (sciencedaily.com)
To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the failure of parthenogenesis at early stages of development, we performed global gene expression profiling and functional analysis of parthenogenetic blastocysts in comparison with those of blastocysts from normally fertilized embryos. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
Parthenogenetic blastocysts exhibited changes in the expression of 749 genes, of which 214 had lower expression and 535 showed higher expressions than fertilized embryos using a minimal 1.8-fold change as a cutoff. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

Distal and proximal cis-regulatory elements sense X chromosome dosage and developmental state at the Xist locus. (axonmedchem.com)

We looked at the epigenetic and genetic marks this pool of reactivated genes shares and compared them to non-reactivated genes. (reverserett.org)
We observed that reactivated genes tend to have more active epigenetic marks when they are located on the active X: They are probably more efficient at recruiting factors important for activation. (reverserett.org)
Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
DNA methylation is one of the key epigenetic modifications that play a role in regulating genes. (troscriptions.com)
Since this epigenetic variation could have implications for the use of female human ESCs in regenerative medicine, disease studies, and basic research, in this proposal, we are aiming to determine how the epigenetic variability of the X chromosome arises during derivation and maintenance of human ESCs, the causes and consequences of deregulation of XCI in human ESCs, and to devise methods of stabilizing Xist expression in human ESCs. (ca.gov)
Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)

Xist inactivates an X chromosome at random in female mice by condensing the chromatin, via histone methylation among other mechanisms that are currently being studied. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, Xist does not condense chromatin on the other X chromosome, letting it remain active. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequent chromatin modifications on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) lead to a remarkable stability of gene repression in somatic cell lineages. (lncrnablog.com)
Generation of molecularly defined null mutants revealed that loss of 8 out of 13 JmjC genes modify position effect variegation (PEV) phenotypes, consistent with their ascribed role in regulating chromatin organization. (sdbonline.org)
His research in XIST intersects with topics in Tsix, Genome, Genomic organization, Chromatin Loop and Chromatin. (research.com)

The other one is that mutation is any variation in the gene that causes an obvious change in phenotype whereas polymorphisms do not cause any obvious phenotypic variation. (tripod.com)
three different genes may cause the same phenotype). (tripod.com)

In this study, we characterized a novel lncRNA transcript, named UNC5B antisense RNA1 (UASR1). (jcancer.org)
This lncRNA is an antisense of intron 1 of unc-5 netrin receptor B (UNC5B) gene. (jcancer.org)

To confer pluripotency in an embryonic stem cell, factors inhibit Xist transcription. (wikipedia.org)
These factors also upregulate transcription of Tsix, which serves to inhibit Xist further. (wikipedia.org)
In this model, CHD8 is not the only transcription factor driving Xist production but there is another one regulating Xist production with greater potency, called YY1. (ceraselab.org)
In the bottom panel, when CHD8 is completely depleted, other transcription factors can access genomic regions that are normally regulated by CHD8, causing the non-correct expression of these genes (ie, more or less protein is formed). (ceraselab.org)
The pluripotency of the initial cell and the establishment of cell types depend to a large extent on the coordinated deployment of hundreds of transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences to activate or repress the transcription of cell lineage genes 1 . (nature.com)
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)

The presumed gene count of 100,000 for human genome drastically went down to around 20,000 after the completion of Human Genome Project. (tripod.com)
We've learned from the human genome projects that there are far fewer genes than were originally estimated, roughly 35,000. (sciencedaily.com)
So understanding how genes are regulated in terms of their expression, how they are turned on and off, and if they are off how they are maintained in that 'off' state, becomes critical in the post-genome era of understanding gene function. (sciencedaily.com)
Cumulative evidence shows that only ∼ 2 percent of protein-coding genes are in the human genome and the remaining ∼ 98 percent of the human genome are classified as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Forced expression of HOTAIR in epithelial cancer cells induces genome-wide Polycomb repression complex 2 (PRC2) to retarget to a more similar pattern of embryonic fibroblasts, leading to gene expression changes, and increase cancer invasion and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Rather, NAC treatment increased epithelial cell proliferation and promoted the expression of a pro-proliferative gene signature. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)

Fusion genes can be therapeutically relevant if they result in constitutive activation of oncogenes or repression of tumor suppressors. (broadinstitute.org)

The female XT67E1 line originates from a mixed 129 and PGK/C3H background, and contains a monoallelic deletion in the Xist gene. (nih.gov)
Deletion of Jarid2 leads to impaired orchestration of gene expression during cell lineage commitment. (sdbonline.org)

DNA methylation at positions where genes start is detected by cells as an I-should-be-switched-off signal, leading to gene repression. (reverserett.org)
DNA methylation is thus a mechanism that is used by the cell to lock genes on the X in a repressed mode. (reverserett.org)
By blocking the enzyme that carries this function, we reduce or eliminate DNA methylation leading to gene re-expression. (reverserett.org)
Although we used a blocker of the enzyme that maintains DNA methylation and observed global demethylation, there was no significant demethylation of genes that showed reactivation. (reverserett.org)
This apparently contradictory result can be reconciled with the fact that a small decrease in DNA methylation might be sufficient for factors to bind to genes to reactivate them. (reverserett.org)
DNA methylation in the promoter regions acts as a repressor of gene expression. (troscriptions.com)
We lose methylation capacity as we age, leading to more genes turned on errantly. (troscriptions.com)
We used six bulls and characterized the DNA methylation levels of KDM2A, KDM5A, KMT2D, and DOT1L genes. (bvsalud.org)

Tsix is a non-coding RNA gene that is antisense to the Xist RNA. (wikipedia.org)

MECP2 Reactivation: Why Do Some Genes Reactivate While Others Don't? (reverserett.org)
In mice, reactivation of genes on the Xi accompanies the establishment of pluripotent cells of the female blastocyst and the development of primordial germ cells. (lncrnablog.com)

Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were used to conduct enrichment analysis. (researchsquare.com)

Many copies of Xist RNA bind the future inactivated X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
What is proposed is that when CHD8 is nominal or mildly reduced, CHD8 can still bind the Xist promoter (a region that controls how much of a gene becomes an RNA, the intermediate medium between DNA and proteins) causing a corresponding reduction of its abundance. (ceraselab.org)

Cellular identity is now accepted to be the result of the expression of specific combinations of genes (Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)

The name Tsix comes from the reverse of Xist, which stands for X-inactive specific transcript. (wikipedia.org)
Tsix prevents the accumulation of Xist on the future active female X chromosome to maintain the active euchromatin state of the chosen chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Tsix binds complementary Xist RNA and renders it non-functional. (wikipedia.org)
This is due to an accumulation of Xist that is not countered by Tsix, and causes the mutant chromosome to be inactivated. (wikipedia.org)

The fate of cells is determined by epigenetics, as it plays a role in allowing the heart cell to turn "on" genes to make proteins important for its job and turn "off" genes important for an immune cell's job. (troscriptions.com)

This gene is activated from the X chromosome that's going to be shut down, which in early placental material is only the X from the father, according to Terry Magnuson, PhD, senior author of the new study and Kenan professor of genetics at UNC-CH School of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)

Gender of each embryo was determined by expression of Y-linked genes and Xist. (nih.gov)
A gene discovered by scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill appears to be crucial for female embryo survival. (sciencedaily.com)
This gene is also involved in telling cells where to go in the embryo - to make head versus tail versus gut. (sciencedaily.com)

One type of RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes , others form vital portions of the structure of ribosomes, act as essential carrier molecules for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis, or change which genes are active. (wikidoc.org)

Xist is only expressed from the future inactive X chromosome in females and is able to "coat" the chromosome from which it was produced. (wikipedia.org)
After binding it, Xist is made inactive through dicer. (wikipedia.org)

His main research concerns Transcriptome, Computational biology, Cell biology, MAPK/ERK pathway and Gene expression. (research.com)

However, the prevalence and role of fusion genes in female cancers remain largely unexplored. (broadinstitute.org)
Here, we investigate the fusion gene landscape in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), two subtypes of female cancers with high molecular similarity but limited treatment options at present. (broadinstitute.org)
A dangerous protein named SNAI2 helps cancers metastasize and shields cancer from both the immune system and chemotherapy. (newzs.de)

Data analysis showed normal expression profiles of marker genes for epiblast and trophoblast cell types during preimplantation development. (nih.gov)
Briefly, extracellular RNA (most commonly released upon cell lysis) is captured along with each cell in its reaction chamber, contributing counts to genes that are not otherwise expressed in that cell (see Advanced Section 7.2 ). (bioconductor.org)
Differences in the ambient profile across samples are not uncommon when dealing with strong experimental perturbations where strong expression of a gene in a condition-specific cell type can "bleed over" into all other cell types in the same sample. (bioconductor.org)
Biologists have long sought to understand how a fertilized egg can form an organism composed of hundreds of specialized cell types, each expressing a defined set of genes. (nature.com)
ensure all cell and variable names unique. (readthedocs.io)
whereas LREC in suprabasal epithelial layers are enriched for more committed progenitor cells, expressing some genes that are associated with stem cell attributes along with those indicative of cell differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
His Computational biology study incorporates themes from HEK 293 cells, Cell culture, Gene expression, Automated reasoning and Chromosome conformation capture. (research.com)
Nils Blüthgen combines subjects such as Systems biology, Gene expression and Cell fate determination with his study of Cell biology. (research.com)

However in recent years with the development of epigenesis, genomic imprinting and the horizontal transferences of the genes, Lamarck's ideas have resurfaced. (intechopen.com)

H19 gene is reactivated and up-regulated during tissue regeneration or tumorigenesis [ 11 , 12 ]. (jcancer.org)
Tissue or organ-specific genes were predicted by BioGPS. (researchsquare.com)

In a complex organism like humans, those 35,000 genes must act in concert with one another in many different combinations at many different times," Magnuson said. (sciencedaily.com)

The histones are subjected to various post-translational modifications (PTMs), which play a vital role in gene expression. (troscriptions.com)

Mammalian parthenogenesis could not survive but aborted during mid-gestation, presumably because of lack of paternal gene expression. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
Some maternally expressed genes were up-regulated and paternal-related genes were down-regulated. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

An intronic mutation may well result in a non-functional gene (like the splicing site mutation in CYP21A2 ). (tripod.com)

I recently published a paper with my colleagues where we study how the MECP2 gene is reactivated in mouse neuronal stem cells (NSCs). (reverserett.org)

Rett syndrome is caused by mutations to one of the two copies of the MECP2 gene located on the X chromosome. (reverserett.org)

Other studies have shown that the gene Xist is responsible for putting the molecular brakes only on the X chromosome. (sciencedaily.com)

Differential gene expression analysis was performed to assess the function of fusion genes in silico. (broadinstitute.org)

The X chromosome has many active genes. (wikipedia.org)

Recent studies have identified a gene called Chd8 (referring to the gene name) whose mutations lead to autism-like symptoms and enlarged brain size ( hyperplasia ). (ceraselab.org)
Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
In opinion of De Vries, these mutations give origin to a new species that he named "elementary species" [ 1 ], [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)

Transcriptome analysis reveals overlap in fusion genes in a phase I clinical cohort of TNBC and HGSOC patients treated with buparlisib and olaparib. (broadinstitute.org)

Some genes do not produce a protein and are functional as RNA. (ceraselab.org)

Even though this particular case cannot explain the nonlinear effects on brain size ( Xist is not expressed in males and males are more susceptible to autism) it is may be applicable to other CHD8 controlled genes which are in turn responsible for the observed brain hyperplasia and Chd8 mediated gene dysregulation. (ceraselab.org)

Finally, higher-order 3D chromosome folding is also thought to modulate gene expression and might contribute to inheritance 15 . (nature.com)

Genes important for placenta development were decreased in their expression in parthenote blastocysts. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

This is accomplished by normal Xist function. (wikipedia.org)
This study systematically tested the function of all 13 Drosophila JmjC genes. (sdbonline.org)

Diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (NGS panel for 13 genes). (mendelian.co)

Address the faculty members by name. (ubc.ca)

The field of transcriptomics has during the last two decades evolved from analysis of select genes with PCR-based methods, to broad analysis using microarrays and finally, to the now standard use of RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to characterize full transcriptomes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

If the gene is mutated in a way that is less severe, where the protein is still produced and still functions but not to optimal efficiency, then the animals come to term and are susceptible to developing leukemias. (sciencedaily.com)

Anatomy9

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes15

Information Science2

Inactivation12

Regulation17

Regulate5

Chromosomes6

Expression of ge2

Embryos6

Locus1

Epigenetic6

Chromatin5

Phenotype2

LncRNA2

Transcription6

Genome5

Proliferation2

Tumor1

Deletion2

Methylation8

Antisense1

Reactivation2

Enrichment1

Bind2

Cellular1

Tsix4

Proteins1

Placental1

Embryo3

Protein synthesis1

Inactive2

MAPK1

Cancers3

Cell8

Genomic1

Tissue2

Organism1

Modifications1

Paternal2

Mutation1

Stem Cells1

Copies1

Molecular1

Differential1

Active1

Mutations3

Reveals1

Functional1

Males1

Inheritance1

Development1

Function2

Diabetes1

Faculty Members1

Methods1

Severe1