While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
Most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin. (cytojournal.com)
Other rare non-epithelial malignancies that may be encountered in effusion cytology include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and metastatic brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
1.5 cm diameter) residual tumor by postoperatively imaging, and no evidence of metastatic spread within the neuraxis. (uchicago.edu)
Mesenchymal2
The differential diagnosis of a malignant effusion is accordingly broad, especially for the small round blue cell tumors that includes not only mesenchymal tumors, but also non-mesenchymal tumors, such as neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor. (cytojournal.com)
Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTPs) are rare, slow-growing tumors that arise from CD34-positive dendritic mesenchymal cells and represent less than 5% of all tumors of the pleura. (medscape.com)
Malignant4
[ 12 ] The bone is destroyed as the tumor advances, suggesting a malignant process. (medscape.com)
Common non-epithelial neoplasms that may cause malignant effusions include malignant melanoma, sarcomas, and other neoplasms including germ cell tumors [ Figure 1 ]. (cytojournal.com)
The ratio of benign to malignant tumors is 7:1. (medscape.com)
Infratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor that is, by definition, malignant and invasive and thus classified as Grave IV by the WHO. (uchicago.edu)
Neural crest2
It is part of neural crest tissue, often present in melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. (wikipedia.org)
Since the presumed cell of origin of MNTI is from the neural crest, we also compared gene expression with a dataset from human neural crest cells and identified 185 genes with significantly different expression. (ox.ac.uk)
Fibrous2
Only rarely is the localized fibrous tumor invasive or does it cause local recurrence after resection. (medscape.com)
The lesion was resected and found to be a benign localized fibrous tumor of the pleura. (medscape.com)
MNTI7
The only noteworthy laboratory value documented in some but not all patients with melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is an increase in the urinary level of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). (medscape.com)
Plain dental radiography, CT scanning, and MRI have been used to evaluate the content and the extent of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI). (medscape.com)
Upon completion of the clinical examination of the patient and the imaging studies and urinalysis, the definitive diagnosis of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is based on the histologic evaluation of a surgical specimen. (medscape.com)
[ 28 ] Additionally, entrapped developing tooth buds may be noted in the specimen as the melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) grows in and around the odontogenic apparatus. (medscape.com)
BACKGROUND: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is exceptionally rare and occurs predominantly in the head and neck (92.8 % cases). (ox.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of somatic copy number variations or mutations, the fully transformed phenotype of the MNTI may have arisen in infancy because of the combined effects of a germline CDKN2A mutation, tumor promoting somatic fusion genes and epigenetic deregulation. (ox.ac.uk)
Very little is known about the etiology of MNTI and this report advances knowledge of these rare tumors by providing the first comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic characterization of a case. (ox.ac.uk)
Embryonal1
Multiple chromosomal translocations were identified by RNA-Seq, and fusion genes included RPLP1-C19MC, potentially deregulating the C19MC cluster, an imprinted locus containing microRNA genes reactivated by gene fusion in embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes. (ox.ac.uk)
Mutations4
Whole-exome analysis of genomic DNA from both the tumor and blood indicated no somatic, non-synonymous coding mutations within the tumor, but a heterozygous, unique germline, loss of function mutation in CDKN2A (p16(INK4A), D74A). (ox.ac.uk)
Background & objectives: Studies have shown that apart from hereditary breast carcinomas, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) mutations conferring to its loss are seen in sporadic breast carcinomas (SBC) as well. (bvsalud.org)
Denys-Drash syndrome, due to mutations of the WT1 gene, is also associated with a congenital nephropathy and disorders of sexual development. (abdominalkey.com)
The development of Wilms tumor has been linked to mutations of the WT1 and WT2 genes located on chromosome 11 at 11p13 and 11p15.5, respectively ( 8 , 9 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Antigen1
After a detailed morphological assessment, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from a representative tumour area was selected for BRCA1 IHC by heat-mediated antigen retrieval under high pH and DNA extraction and further bisulphate treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Pediatric2
The first section will cover those tumors that characteristically are associated with the pediatric population. (abdominalkey.com)
Medulloblatoma is the most common posterior fossa (i.e. infratentorial) tumor in children (although some sources will state that it is the second most common behind cerebellar astrocytoma), making up approximately 18% of all primary pediatric brain tumors. (uchicago.edu)
Medulloblastoma2
1 - 3 Intracranial brain tumors, most commonly medulloblastoma [ Figure 2 ], can metastasize to the peritoneal cavity via ventriculo-peritoneal shunts used to divert excess cerebrospinal fluid. (cytojournal.com)
Medulloblastoma is a highly radiosensitive tumor. (uchicago.edu)
Epithelial2
Diagnosing non-epithelial malignancies in effusion specimens based entirely upon their cytomorphologic features is difficult because these neoplasms often exhibit considerable morphological overlap and their cytomorphology can differ from the original tumor. (cytojournal.com)
The classification of epithelial tumors of the kidney has in particular undergone substantial progress in the last two decades with major contributions from genetic typing of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). (abdominalkey.com)
Humans1
Melanotransferrin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFI2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Leukemia1
Note: In children, brain tumors are the most common solid tumor and the second most common malignancy (after leukemia). (uchicago.edu)
Immunohistochemistry1
The role of genotyping and ancillary tools, in particular immunohistochemistry, in correctly classifying these tumors is highlighted in the section on Renal Cell Carcinoma. (abdominalkey.com)
Grows1
Most patients are asymptomatic until the tumor grows large and has a compressive effect causing cough, chest pain, or dyspnea. (medscape.com)
Childhood4
More than 80% of renal tumors of childhood are Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) ( 1 , 2 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Although the mortality rate for children with brain tumors has decreased significantly over the last 40 years, deaths from childhood brain tumors are the highest among all childhood cancer deaths. (uchicago.edu)
Long-term sequelae of childhood brain tumors are often from the effects of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. (uchicago.edu)
1. Crawford, J. Childhood Brain Tumors. (uchicago.edu)
Molecular1
This number is even higher for patients who have tumors with favorable molecular phenotypes. (uchicago.edu)
Chromosome2
This gene resides in the same region of chromosome 3 as members of the transferrin superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome is related to abnormalities on chromosome 11p15 and characterized by multiple craniofacial anomalies, abdominal wall defects, and tumors of the genitourinary tract, liver, adrenal gland, and central nervous system among other abnormalities. (abdominalkey.com)
Potentially1
The diagnosis of SFTP is important because the tumor is potentially resectable for cure despite its typically large size. (medscape.com)
Phenotype1
Consistent with the melanotic phenotype of the tumor, elevated expression of tyrosinase was observed. (ox.ac.uk)
Arise3
A diverse array of tumors can arise in the human kidney. (abdominalkey.com)
Wilms tumor is believed to arise from embryonic tissues called nephrogenic rests that fail to undergo normal involution ( 7 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Approximately 60% of brain tumors are infratentorial, 25% are supratentorial, and 15% arise in the midline. (uchicago.edu)
Rare3
A germline mutation of CDKN2A and a novel RPLP1-C19MC fusion detected in a rare melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: a case report. (ox.ac.uk)
Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome have an increased risk of developing Wilms tumor ( 5 , 6 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Cell2
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein found on melanoma cells. (wikipedia.org)
Exhaustive genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic and pathological characterization was performed on the excised primary tumor and a derived cell line. (ox.ac.uk)
Brain1
There is also significant neurological morbidity associated with brain tumors. (uchicago.edu)
Human1
The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize the reader with the tumor types encountered in the human rather than to provide a comprehensive diagnostic reference, which is better handled in more comprehensive textbooks and monographs. (abdominalkey.com)
Comprehensive1
The strong correlation, supports a prognostic role of MVD scores in JNA and this can be better established in a larger multicentre study involving comprehensive examination of tumour dimensions. (bvsalud.org)
Sections1
Specific discussions of etiology and pathogenesis are dealt with in each of the sections on individual tumors, rather than as a freestanding section, as is used elsewhere in this text. (abdominalkey.com)
Phased-array1
Rectal tumours-MR imaging with endorectal andor phased-array coils, with the first moment of the new day, todays date, for any time up to and including 11:59:59 P. (binaryoptionstradinglist.com)
Highly1
Other highly expressed genes encoded muscle proteins and modulators of the extracellular matrix. (ox.ac.uk)
Children1
Most Wilms tumor occurs in children between the ages of 2 and 4 years ( 3 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Time1
Depends on the size, subtype, and dissemination of the tumor at the time of diagnosis. (uchicago.edu)
Copy1
SNP-array CGH on DNA samples revealed the tumor to be euploid, with no detectable gene copy number variants. (ox.ac.uk)
Range1
This is a somewhat arbitrary designation, as most tumors can develop over a wide age range. (abdominalkey.com)