• DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), encoded by PRKDC gene, is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, which also includes the two DNA damage repair proteins, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related protein (ATR). (molcells.org)
  • Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
  • Proteins that act both at the cell surface and intracellularly will be discussed in this thesis, with particular emphasis on the fibroblast growth factors. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Recently, we elucidated the developmental role of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) NtTTG2 in association with 12 genes that putatively encode AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTOR (ARF) proteins, including NtARF8, NtARF17, and NtARF19. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Levels of proteins, including Cyt C, Bcl-2/BAX, and Nrf2 /HO-1-associated proteins, were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. (sdbonline.org)
  • RAS family proteins include 23 genes coding for at least 25 proteins that are divided into eight paralog groups based on sequence identity, structure, and function: RAS, RAS-like (RAL), RAS-related protein (R-RAS), RAS-like protein in tissues (RIT), RAS-related protein Rap (RAP), RAS homolog enriched in brain (RHEB), Dexamethasone-induced RAS-related protein (RASD), and GTP-binding protein Di-RAS (DIRAS) [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The paralog group of RAS proteins is composed of four isoforms (H-RAS, N-RAS, K-RAS4A, and K-RAS4B) that are encoded by three genes, H-RAS , N-RAS , and K-RAS [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was then used to validate the downstream targets. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Downstream genes, including lncRNA‑NEAT1 and TF‑ETV5, may also have potential functions in the regulated network by USF1 and have potential functions in the progression of HCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • a cis-acting sequence that increases the utilization of (some) eukaryotic promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the promoter. (insdc.org)
  • Maternal THs acted upstream of pax2a, pax7 and pax8 genes but downstream of shha and fgf8a signalling. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TGF-β family forms an important group of growth factors, consisting of three isoforms in man, and is important for matrix deposition because it modulates fibroblast recruitment and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upstream stimulatory factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the USF1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • USF1 (human gene) has been shown to interact with USF2, FOSL1 and GTF2I. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) is a canonical transcription factor (TF) and is associated with the pathogenesis of several cancers, but its biological functions and molecular targets in HCC remain unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results showed that USF1 significantly regulates 350 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The upregulated DEGs were primarily protein‑coding genes enriched in immune and inflammation response pathways, while the downregulated DEGs were mainly coding long non‑coding (lnc)RNAs, indicating the regulatory function of USF1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It was also demonstrated that USF1 directly binds to the promoter region of 2,492 genes, which may be involved in the viral progression and cell proliferation pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Promoter region motif analysis indicated that ETV5 has more binding motifs and genes than USF1 itself for USF1‑regulated DEGs, indicating that USF1 may indirectly modulate gene expression by regulating ETV5 expression in Huh7 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In summary, the results demonstrated that USF1 binds to the promoter region of thousands of genes and affects a large part of DEGs indirectly. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As a TF, USF1 has a bidirectional regulatory function, being able to regulate gene expression by activating or suppressing the promoter region of target genes ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For instance, a previous study by the authors validated that USF1 binds to the core promoter of APOBEC3G and increases its transcription level in hepatocytes ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Further, we found that BMP-6 inhibited δEF1 transcription, resulting in an up-regulation of E-cadherin mRNA expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, hCG upregulated 20beta-HSD, LHR and mPR-beta mRNA levels, but this stimulatory effect was blocked by TGF-beta1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Homeostatic osteoclastogenesis is effectively induced by RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand). (frontiersin.org)
  • In plant cells, the NtTTG2 protein facilitated the nuclear import of NtARF8 as well as increased its function as a transcription activator. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This growth factor also stimulates production of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, tenascin and thrombospondin, diminishes production of extracellularly active neutral endoproteinases belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and serine proteinase families, and stimulates production of endogenous MMP inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinase [TIMP]) and serpins (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Amongst the dysregulated pathophysiological pathways in AD, oxidative stress seems to play a critical role in the pathogenesis progression of AD, with a dominant role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)/antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) pathway. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Nrf2/Keap1/ARE has shown to be the upstream orchestrate of oxidative pathways, which also ameliorates various inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Oxidative stress seems to be an upstream orchestrate of neurodegeneration either by activating the inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in neurodegenerative diseases. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • On the other hand, Nrf2 is now identified as a key upstream defence mediator against oxidative pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Eicosanoids are formed from arachidonic acid (AA) through different enzymatic pathways, including the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, synthesizing prostanoids and the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway, generating leukotrienes (LTs) 8 . (nature.com)
  • These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The ovarian cycle is a highly orchestrated, and complex developmental process that depends on functional interactions and critical signaling pathways that communicate between the ovarian microenvironment elements, including the oocyte, granulosa cells, theca cells, and surrounding stromal components, including vascular and immune cells [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Growth factors that signal through tyrosine-kinase receptor families include the epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming-growth factor-α (TGF-α). (janechin.net)
  • bFGF is a more potent angiogenic factor than VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) or PDGF ( platelet-derived growth factor ). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Some cytokines act as competence rather than progression factors, some lack secretory signals, and some must be processed and released from the pericellular matrix or basement membranes (eg transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β ] binding to chondroitin or the keratan sulfate of biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin, or basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet derived growth factor binding to the heparin sulfate of glypican, perlecan and syndecan). (biomedcentral.com)
  • For this reason, mitochondrial carrier gene expression needs tight regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Glucose metabolism is central to the regulation of β-cell function ( 11 ), and GLP-1 is a potent hormonal incretin that has been shown to markedly enhance the stimulatory effects of glucose on β-cells ( 12 , 13 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Treatment with actinomycin D, a blocker of transcription, reduced the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 on DHP-induced oocyte maturation, indicating that the inhibitory action of TGF-beta1 is in part due to regulation of gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ABSTRACT Teleost eggs contain an abundant store of maternal thyroid hormones (THs) and early in zebrafish embryonic development all the genes necessary for TH signalling are expressed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factors , or FGFs , are a family of growth factors involved in wound healing and embryonic development. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • This constitutive expression of chemokines occurs due to transcriptional activation of the encoding genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • of transcription of genes that encode cytokines chemokines adhesion factors and inhibitors of apoptosis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Introduction regulate choices of expressed genes as part of the macrophage/ neutrophil lineage. (lu.se)
  • Chemokines regulate the transport activation and sometimes proliferation of several cell types including myeloid lymphoid GW788388 endothelial and epithelial cells1 2 There are four chemokine subfamilies - CXC C CX3C and CC - based on the positions of conserved cysteine residues near the amino terminus of the proteins1 (TABLE 1). (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • The present study revealed that E2F1 gene expression correlates with TS and Survivin gene expressions and tumor proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Not long after FGF1 and FGF2 were isolated, another group isolated a pair of heparin -binding growth factors which they named HBGF-1 and HBGF-2, whilst a third group isolated a pair of growth factors that caused proliferation of cells in a bioassay containing blood vessel endothelium cells which they called ECGF-1 and ECGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • ERCC2 is the plant around the proliferation in gap with the Phenylacetate IFT of ERCC3, encoding an many transcription( Coin et al. (evakoch.com)
  • The encoded protein can activate transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) elements and E-box motifs. (wikipedia.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • or by activating protein 1 (AP1)-mediated transcription. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Using whole-genome sequencing data from cfDNA, we analyzed various fragmentomic features, including fragment size, footprints, end motifs, and repeat types at the end. (bvsalud.org)
  • they are often expressed in response to the induction of expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by cytokines or other stimuli. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Furthermore, IL-21 promotes differential expression of many cytokines including interleukins and chemokines. (intechopen.com)
  • Other profibrotic, collagen synthesis stimulating cytokines include endothelin, interleukin (IL)-1 and mast cell tryptase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ear2 is an orphan nuclear hormone receptor that belongs to the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factors (COUP-TF) gene family [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glucose and GLP-1 also synergistically activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells)-mediated transcription from a minimal promoter construct containing tandem NFAT consensus sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In the cell, T3 binds to a nuclear receptor, resulting in transcription of specific thyroid hormone response genes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Similarly, the large ribosomal RNA gene clusters that reside on different chromosomes manage to find each other in almost every cell nucleus to form another easily discernable nuclear entity, the nucleolus [ 27 - 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gefitinib and erlotinib would be effective for tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations or increased EGFR gene copy numbers ( 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Well characterized human populations provide excellent study samples for many different genetic investigations, ranging from genome-wide association studies to the characterization of interactions between genes and the environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • By integrating these two datasets, 16 overlapped genes were detected, including downregulated lncRNA‑NEAT1 and upregulated TF‑ETV5. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In part the endogenous transcription of chemokine genes in melanoma cells is due to altered NF-κB activation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Moreover, real-time RT-PCR showed upregulation of endogenous renin transcription in As4.1 cells over-expressing Rasd1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) signals through a serine/threonine-kinase receptor pathway. (janechin.net)
  • Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is the prototypical member of the TGF-β family [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enhancers promote transcription by providing a binding platform for transcription factors [ 12 ] that can act on (distal) target genes through three-dimensional chromatin looping [ 13 - 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Associated regulatory elements may include differentially methylated regions and non-coding RNAs. (insdc.org)
  • Liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a malignant tumor that has high rates of metastasis and mortality worldwide. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Tumour angiogenesis growth and metastasis are facilitated by the NF-κB-modulated transcription of chemokine genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • region on a DNA molecule involved in RNA polymerase binding to initiate transcription. (insdc.org)
  • Osteoclast differentiation is induced by the master osteoclastogenic factor, RANKL, which acts in concert with M-CSF and ITAM-mediated co-stimulatory signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • By studying transcriptome- and lipid mediator profiles in MDM of convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with previous mild disease, we show that inflammatory gene expression and eicosanoid profiles as well as altered responsiveness to inflammatory cues are maintained at 3-5 months post infection as well as throughout macrophage differentiation. (nature.com)
  • This can either occur by cell surface receptor interactions, as in the case with peptide growth factors, or by interactions with intracellular molecules, as in the case with steroid hormones. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • We develop a computational model for the hematopoietic erythroid-myeloid lineage decision, which is determined by a genetic switch involving the genes PU.1 and GATA-1. (lu.se)
  • However, prior to commitment, it has been cells, it is evident that GATA-1 and PU.1 are able to specify observed that many genes are expressed at intermediate or basal erythroid and myeloid cell fates (see [16] and references therein). (lu.se)
  • Severe COVID-19 is associated with profound changes in the myeloid compartment, including expansion of dysfunctional, pro-inflammatory monocytes during the first weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection 6 , 7 . (nature.com)
  • Hence, TADs are believed to represent structural chromosomal units that are of functional importance for the regulatory cross talk that determines gene expression programs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USF as a key regulatory element of gene expression]" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, prior to lineage commitment, genes are primed at low expression levels. (lu.se)
  • a transcriptional cis regulatory region that when located between an enhancer and a gene's promoter prevents the enhancer from modulating the expression of the gene. (insdc.org)
  • a regulatory region that controls epigenetic imprinting and affects the expression of target genes in an allele- or parent-of-origin-specific manner. (insdc.org)
  • a DNA region that includes DNase hypersensitive sites located 5′ to a gene or gene cluster, and which confers high-level, position-independent, and copy number-dependent expression on that gene or gene cluster. (insdc.org)
  • We investigated the clinical significance of E2F1 gene expression in relation to its target genes, thymidylate synthase ( TS ) and Survivin , in case of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was done to evaluate the gene expression of E2F1, TS , and Survivin . (aacrjournals.org)
  • 0.0001), although no correlation was observed between E2F1 gene expression and the apoptotic index. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It also increases insulin production by enhancing glucose-induced insulin gene expression. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In addition to down-regulating the expression of δEF1, BMP-6 also physically dislodged δEF1 from E-cadherin promoter to allow the activation of E-cadherin transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multivariate analysis showed that VGLL3 expression status was an independent risk factor for prognosis. (researchgate.net)
  • Methods and materials Reagents/Antibodies Gene expression RAD001 was obtained from Novartis Pharma AG. (deubiquitinase.com)
  • This gene has been linked to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). (wikipedia.org)
  • The second pathway also involves glucose metabolism but appears to be driven by glucose-derived factors that target insulin gene transcription independently of [Ca 2+ ] i . (diabetesjournals.org)
  • However, there are numerous problems with the management of this breed including high production costs, disposal of untreated excrement, the requirement for imported feed, and food security risks resulting from various viral diseases introduced by imported feed. (animbiosci.org)
  • Following on from the achievements in molecular studies of monogenic disorders, recent studies have used strategies of hypothesis-free fine mapping of genes and loci to identify underlying factors in common complex diseases with major impacts on public health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These diseases, which include cancers, coronary heart disease, schizophrenia, autism and multiple sclerosis, arise from complex interactions between environmental factors and variation in several different genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Until recently, detection of the genes underlying these diseases met with only limited success, but the past two years have witnessed the identification of more than 100 well established loci. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The detection of genes underlying common complex diseases might not always need large global population samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The continuing work by deCODE genetics on 50 common diseases is sure to result in a slew of additional gene findings and help to characterize the allelic spectrum of disease-predisposing variants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Joseph S. Coselli specializes in the clinical evaluation and surgical treatment of diseases of the aorta, including the aortic valve and root, ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic aorta, and thoracoabdominal aorta. (bcm.edu)
  • However, FGFs 11-14, also known as FGF homologous factors 1-4 (FHF1-FHF4), have been shown to have distinct functional differences compared to the FGFs. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These findings suggest that TGF-beta1 acts at multiple sites, including LHR, 20beta-HSD and mPR-beta, to inhibit zebrafish oocyte maturation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To further explore the molecular function of Rasd1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified Ear2, a negative regulator of renin transcription, as an interaction partner of Rasd1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NFAT binds to three distinct NFAT elements within the rat I insulin promoter and activates insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These two levels serve degraded by a phosphorylation including at least 6 membranes in a such tail that both leaves the 2' disorder ubiquitination and adducts the 3' heart to the 5' cell. (evakoch.com)
  • Dynamical models based upon known interactions between these master genes, such as mutual antagonism and autoregulation, fail to make the system bistable, a desired feature for robust lineage determination. (lu.se)
  • May also include enhancer-blocking activity. (insdc.org)
  • Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)
  • These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)
  • Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that transient levels of the evolutionarily conserved factor RACK1 are critical for adult SC activation and proper skeletal muscle regeneration, favoring the efficient progression of SC from a committed to a fully differentiated state. (sdbonline.org)
  • Upstream transcription factor (USF) 1 belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family and serves as a cellular transcription factor (TF). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we demonstrated that shRNA-mediated knockdown of Rasd1 results in further repression of Ear2-mediated renin transcription, whereas induction of Rasd1 by dexamethasone counteracts the effects of shRNA-mediated Rasd1 knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, our study showed that Rasd1 missense mutations not only attenuate their physical interaction with Ear2 but also abolish their ability to counteract repression of renin transcription mediated by Ear2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • other specificity is tiny gene activity and distribution browser through the kinase of the R-RasGAP complex ileal to suitable or through the functionality of RhoA. (evakoch.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family and can function as a cellular transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes referred to as an insulator but may not include the barrier function of an insulator. (insdc.org)
  • In this review I explore the mechanisms by which constitutively activated kinases that GW788388 function upstream of the NF-κB cascade facilitate chemokine-mediated tumorigenesis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Currently there is intense interest to define the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in regulating β-cell function, including insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Knowledge about how growth factors and hormones function is pivotal in order to rationally try to stimulate or inhibit their effects for therapeutical purposes. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • The RPA gene is the structural excretion loss-of-function, However Binding it from the corresponding growth( De Laat et al. (evakoch.com)
  • In occurs through the inhibition of DNA binding of cognate cis- hematopoiesis there exist several lineage branch points with regulatory motif while in the other case DNA binding is unaffected identified key transcription factors and external signals [3-5]. (lu.se)
  • Recent studies have uncovered key intrinsic mechanisms by which TNF acts on osteoclast precursors to restrain osteoclastogenesis, including the mechanisms mediated by RBP-J signaling, RBP-J and ITAM (Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) crosstalk, RBP-J mediated regulatory network, NF- κ B p100, IRF8, and Def6. (frontiersin.org)
  • MIH activates the cytoplasmic maturation promoting factor (MPF), which is made up of two subunits: cyclin B (a regulatory subunit) and cdc2 (a catalytic subunit). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hierarchical levels of genome architecture exert transcriptional control by tuning the accessibility and proximity of genes and regulatory elements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To exert stimulatory or repressive effects on transcription, accessible regulatory DNA elements must be in close spatial proximity to susceptible genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • TNF (Tumor necrosis factor) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in immunity and inflammatory bone destruction. (frontiersin.org)
  • MDM from convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals showed a downregulation of pro-resolving factors and an increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, particularly 5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotrienes. (nature.com)
  • Members of this family are implicated in diverse physiological processes, including reproduction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is one of a family of glycoprotein hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) that share a common α-subunit and a unique β-subunit. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Dysregulation of processes driven by these factors is a severe liability to the cell and therefore represents potential areas for therapeutic intervention. (janechin.net)
  • NtARF8 also contributed to NtTTG2-regulated seed production as concurrent NtTTG2 and NtARF8 overexpression played a synergistic role in seed production quantity, whereas concurrent silencing of both genes caused more severe seed abortion than single gene silencing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, GLP-1 (100 nmol/l), in the presence of glucose (11 mmol/l), induced a ∼71-fold increase in insulin gene promoter activity in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, an effect that was an order of magnitude larger than with either stimulant alone. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
  • After growth factor treatment for 6 d, a population of nestin-positive cells responding to both EGF and FGF-2 were identified. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Fibroblast growth factor was found in a cow brain extract by Gospodarowicz and colleagues and tested in a bioassay which caused fibroblasts to proliferate (first published report in 1974). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • They then further fractionated the extract using acidic and basic pH and isolated two slightly different forms that were named 'acidic fibroblast growth factor' (FGF1) and 'basic fibroblast growth factor' (FGF2). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • MMPs now comprise a group of 18 different enzymes in man, including the classic fibroblast collagenase MMP-1 (collagenase-1), the mesenchymal form of MMP-8 (collagenase-2) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The transcription of chemokine genes is often inhibited by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and glucocorticoids1. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • TGF-beta is a multifunctional growth factor involved in regulating a variety of cellular activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In plants and other organisms, Al can have a beneficial or toxic effect, depending on factors such as, metal concentration, the chemical form of Al, growth conditions and plant species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we show that NtTTG2 regulates tobacco growth and development by involving the NtARF8 , NtARF17 , and NtARF19 genes, with the NtARF8 gene playing a predominant contribution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Independent silencing of the NtARF8 gene more strongly repressed tobacco growth than silencing the NtARF17 or NtARF19 gene and more effectively eradicated the growth enhancement effect of NtTTG2 overexpression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, plant growth was not affected by silencing additional nine NtTTG2 -regulated NtARF genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In double and triple gene silencing combinations, silencing the NtARF8 gene was more effective than silencing the NtARF17 or NtARF19 gene to repress growth as well as nullify growth enhancement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were differentiated by using a mixture of adipogenic inducers, including a suboptimal concentration of insulin. (researchgate.net)