Gene expression underlying cell mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The mechanisms underlying the modulation of gene activity by cadmium are discussed in terms of interference with cellular signalling at the levels of cell surface receptors, cellular calcium and zinc homeostases, protein phosphorylation, and modification of transcription factors. (nih.gov)
Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
These results uncovered the key molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional bursting and cell-to-cell gene expression noise in mammalian cells. (janelia.org)
They systematically characterized the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid growth and regeneration of deer antlers. (novogene.com)
However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which MRV regulates the expression of host cells are largely unknown. (umanitoba.ca)
We aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of MRV infection on the expression of host genes and the possible role of p53 in the interaction of MRV and host cells. (umanitoba.ca)
To expand the scope of analysis of gene expression and to better understand the underlying mechanisms for the various effects of Stxs on cell functions, we carried out comparative microarray analyses to characterize the global transcriptional response of human macrophage-like THP-1 cells to Shiga toxin type 1 (Stx1) and LPS. (refine.bio)
However, the capacity of Stx1 to increase the expression of genes encoding phosphatases suggests that mechanisms to dampen the macrophage proinflammatory response may be built into host response to the toxins. (refine.bio)
In 2004, Dr Sayers joined the University of Nottingham as a Lecturer and has developed a research group focussed to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthma and COPD. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Molecular, genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
There have been significant advances in the genetic epidemiology of lung function, but the causal genetic variants and causal genes, and the mechanisms by which they influence lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases remain incompletely understood. (nottingham.ac.uk)
This will inform in-depth mechanistic assays at the cell, tissue and organ scales to identify the key mechanisms underpinning regulation of lung function in health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying DMG tumorigenesis remain poorly defined. (cshl.edu)
The Symposium Proceedings addresses 21st Century Genetics: Genes at Work, and provides a current synthesis of genetic mechanisms and genome/chromosome biology. (cshlpress.com)
Orphan GPCR studies have opened a new avenue of exploration with many demonstrating schizophrenia-relevant mechanisms and a favourable expression profile, thus offering potential for novel drug development. (authorea.com)
We review their expression, signalling mechanisms and cellular function, in conjunction with small molecule development and structural insights. (authorea.com)
In addition to classical gene regulatory networks noted above, we have recently identified a central role for additional biologic mechanisms, namely gene regulation by chromatin regulators and by noncoding RNAs. (stanford.edu)
Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
Noncoding RNA sequences can regulate gene expression via interactions with epigenetic and other control mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
Studies the mechanisms underlying how stem cells make and repair tissues and deviate in stress, aging, and cancer. (rockefeller.edu)
Fuchs's group also learned that cancer cells hijack the basic mechanisms that enable stem cells to replenish dying cells and to repair wounds. (rockefeller.edu)
By dissecting the underlying mechanisms, performing high-throughput functional screens for oncogenes and tumor suppressors in mice, and relating their findings to humans, Fuchs hopes her research will lead to new therapeutic approaches that target the cancerous stem cells without affecting tissue stem cells. (rockefeller.edu)
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such age-dependent differences in apoptotic response to neuronal injury have not been identified. (jneurosci.org)
but the molecular mechanisms underlying how cells adapt to variations in oxygen supply were unknown until the prize-winning work described here. (nobelprize.org)
Even though the exact mechanisms underlying ischemic injury in the muscle are not completely understood, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) has emerged as an attractive target to enhance post ischemic angiogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding of the molecular and ionic mechanisms underlying cardiac conduction is essential for the appreciation of the pathogenesis of conduction abnormalities in structurally normal and altered hearts. (medscape.com)
The aim of the Monographs has been, from their inception, to evaluate evidence of carcinogenicity at any stage in the carcinogenesis process, independently of the underlying mechanisms. (who.int)

It stimulates the expression of immediate early genes (c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc), of the tumor suppressor gene p53, and of genes coding for the syntheses of protective molecules, including metallothioneins, glutathione, and stress (heat shock) proteins. (nih.gov)
The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) genes encode sarcolemma-localized cAMP effector proteins. (imperial.ac.uk)
Informatics analyses and functional assays revealed that transcriptional bursting kinetics was regulated by a combination of promoter- and gene body-binding proteins, including the polycomb repressive complex 2 and transcription elongation factors. (janelia.org)
The FACS and INTACT methods require plant transgenic lines respectively expressing fluorescent proteins or the biotinylated nuclear envelope protein in the cell type of interest. (nature.com)
Animal cell technology is an area of rapid expansion and one that produces a wide range of high-value products, including vaccines, recombinant proteins, drugs for cardiovascular, respiratory and immune diseases, and monoclonal antibodies. (imperial.ac.uk)
Protein-protein, cell signaling, metabolic, and transcriptional interaction networks are useful for identifying connections between lists of experimentally identified genes/proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies that utilize genome-wide profiling methods which attempt to explain the differences between two or more experimental conditions such as cells treated with a drug vs. control, diseased tissue vs. normal, gene or protein expression at different time points during cellular differentiation or reprogramming, or candidate gene lists harboring mutations associated with a particular disease, produce lists of genes/proteins without apparent functional relationship. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, cell-cell interactions involving Delta-like and Notch-like proteins are required for cell fate determinations in C. elegans. (jax.org)
Notch homologues were also isolated from several vertebrate species, suggesting that cell-to-cell signaling mediated by Delta- and Notch-like proteins could also underlie cell fate determination during vertebrate development. (jax.org)
The overlapping expression patterns of the Dll1 and Notch1 genes suggest that cells in these tissues can communicate by interaction of the Dll1 and Notch1 proteins. (jax.org)
Our results support the idea that Delta- and Notch-like proteins are involved in cell-to-cell communication in mammalian embryos and suggest a role for these proteins in cellular interactions underlying somitogenesis and development of the nervous system. (jax.org)
Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
This remarkable book tells a story that parallels his career, dealing at the beginning with the prehistory of research on RNA, DNA, and proteins and then shifting into high gear with a detailed look at the history of bacterial messenger RNA and the author s own specialty, the RNA of eukaryotic cells. (cshlpress.com)
The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
There are a myriad of mutations identified in genes encoding cardiac transcription factors, ion channels, gap junctions, energy metabolism regulators, lamins and other structural proteins. (medscape.com)

Functional aspects such as growth, development, biochemistry and physiology ultimately derive from underlying gene expression programmes that are actively regulated in different organs and tissues. (nature.com)
Specific molecular conditions are present at every morphological level (whole organism, organ, tissue, cell), rendering spatially resolved, high-resolution and high-throughput analyses of tissues crucial. (nature.com)
We applied our procedure to large-scale transcriptome and epigenome data from multiple tissues and species, including the mouse and human brain, to predict enhancer-gene associations genome wide. (salk.edu)
After many years of concerted effort to systematically analyze the expression of genes in all human cells and tissues, RIKEN and the FANTOM consortium publish the findings today in two landmark Nature reports, and 16 related articles in ten other scholarly journals (ref.1,2,3). (riken.jp)
The papers published in Nature describe maps of promoters and enhancers - short regions of DNA that influence the activity of genes - encoded in the human genome, and their activity across the vast wealth of human cell types and tissues of the human body. (riken.jp)
In FANTOM5 we made the decision early on that we should include a large focus on normal primary cells and tissues. (riken.jp)
An atlas of active enhancers across human cell types and tissues. (riken.jp)
Skin malignancies, including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), alone account for nearly as many cancers as all other tissues combined. (stanford.edu)
Adult stem cells reside in all tissues, where they replenish dying cells and repair wounds. (rockefeller.edu)
Total RNAs of skin samples at 3 h or 24 h after the seventh dose of TCE in SD rats were extracted, and gene expression profiles of these tissues were analyszed by rat toxicology U34 array of Affymetrix. (besjournal.com)
Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

Like other Wnt genes, Wnt-9b codes for the Wnt-9b protein which participates in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)

Effects of the carcinogenic metal cadmium on the regulation of mammalian gene expression are reviewed and discussed in the light of observations on interference with cellular signal transduction pathways. (nih.gov)
The arrangement of methyl chemical groups on the cytosine base in DNA (known as "cytosine methylation"), which specifies when genes are to be turned on or off, are one form of epigenomic regulation that may highly influence disease and health in the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of transcriptional bursting kinetics (burst size and frequency) in mammalian cells remains elusive. (janelia.org)
This multimodal epigenomic brain cell atlas provides new insights into the complexity of cell-type-specific gene regulation in adult human brains. (salk.edu)
Microarray data were validated by real time RT-PCR for genes encoding Egr-1 (transcriptional regulator), COX-2 (inflammation), and DUSP1, 5 and 10 (regulation of MAPK signaling). (refine.bio)
They identified 180,000 promoters and 44000 enhancers on the genome and find that the activity of the large majority of these transcriptional regulation regions is highly specific to cell type. (riken.jp)
These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)
These researchers have developed an experimental set up that allows them to monitor at the single cell level the translocation dynamics of NF-kB, a key transcription factor of the regulation of the immune response (Zambrano et al. (phdposition.com)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

About 1 microM cadmium stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in various cell lines, whereas more elevated concentrations are inhibitory. (nih.gov)
In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
Here we show that SMARCA4, the catalytic subunit of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is essential for the proliferation, migration and invasion of DMG cells and tumor growth in patient-derived DMG xenograft models. (cshl.edu)
This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)
The Fuchs lab has found that communication between stem cells and their neighbors, particularly immune cells, can become altered, and this can cause the stem cells' proliferation to either accelerate (in the case of inflammation) or slow (as occurs during aging). (rockefeller.edu)
Experimentally confirmed target genes were identified for the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, from which proliferation genes were selected from CRISPR-Cas9/RNA interference (RNAi) screening assays. (cdc.gov)

We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
To date, approaches to studying the capacity of Stxs to alter gene expression in intoxicated cells have been limited to individual genes. (refine.bio)
For this, individual genes are switched off systematically and their effects on the on the developing organs or whole organisms are examined. (mpg.de)

The Single-Cell Genomics Center is also expected to act as a hub for collaboration among single-cell genomics researchers in many pioneering fields, including stem cells and cancer biology. (labbulletin.com)
With the Single-Cell Genomics Center, we will enable researchers to access the exciting new world of single-cell genomics, catalyze discoveries and advance our understanding of this important area of biology," said Wendy Winckler, Ph.D., Director of the Genetic Analysis Platform at the Broad Institute. (labbulletin.com)
The cell is the fundamental unit of life, and through greater understanding of it, researchers can make breakthroughs in large and important fields, such as cancer diagnosis and therapy, stem cell biology, vaccine development, and even the mounting battle against drug-resistant bacteria. (labbulletin.com)
Nagle MP, Tam GS, Maltz E, Hemminger Z, Wollman R. Bridging scales: From cell biology to physiology using in situ single-cell technologies. . (ucla.edu)
Molecular biology of the cell, 2017. (ucla.edu)
The Journal of cell biology, 2010. (ucla.edu)
This cellular foundation provides valuable insights into deer antler regeneration and offers novel perspectives on mammalian regenerative biology, thereby paving the way for future advancements in regenerative medicine. (novogene.com)
Over 250 experts in primary cell biology and bioinformatics from 114 institutions based in more than 20 countries and regions worked as part of FANTOM 5, the 5th edition of the project, to produce the 18 studies published today. (riken.jp)
In-depth models can be utilised as tools in predictive cell biology. (imperial.ac.uk)
It is clear that the biological behaviour of cells is of such complexity that any model, to be robustly predictive, must be sufficiently structured and detailed in terms of the captured biology. (imperial.ac.uk)
Fuchs's lab couples in vitro studies with mouse genetics to study the biology of skin stem cells. (rockefeller.edu)
Her research employs high throughput genomics, single cell sequencing, live imaging, cell biology, and functional approaches to unravel the pathways that balance stem cell self-renewal with tissue regeneration. (rockefeller.edu)
Overall, Fuchs studies tissue biology at multiple levels, from its stem cells and the signals that control them to the epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational programs that maintain an orchestrated balance of tissue growth. (rockefeller.edu)
He is the coauthor, with S.E. Luria, of General Virology (Wiley) and the founding author with Harvey Lodish and David Baltimore of Molecular Cell Biology (cshlpress.com)
Indeed, the network inference problem persists in systems biology, despite an abundance of regulatory evidence in the form of TF binding experiments, genetic screens for candidate nodes, and mutant expression profiling experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)

In Arabidopsis thaliana we use the spatial data to identify differences in expression levels of 141 genes and 189 pathways in eight inflorescence tissue domains. (nature.com)
However, it is known that many of the signaling pathways activated by Stxs regulate the expression of multiple genes in mammalian cells. (refine.bio)
To prioritise pathways we will undertake high-throughput functional genomic screens using CRISPR, perform lung digital spatial transcriptomic profiling and utilise informative cell and tissue models. (nottingham.ac.uk)
These lists are commonly analyzed using software tools and databases that map genes to known pathways or construct subnetworks that connect input lists of genes using known protein-protein or other types of molecular interactions [ 1 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They also study the signaling pathways that must be turned on and off at the right time and place for adult skin stem cells to become activated to regenerate tissue. (rockefeller.edu)
for example, in 1858 Louis Pasteur was the first to show that there is a complex balance of oxygen use in animal cells, and that cells use multiple pathways to accomplish energy con-version (Pasteur, 1858). (nobelprize.org)
In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)

Zhang T, Foreman R, Wollman R. Identifying chromatin features that regulate gene expression distribution. . (ucla.edu)
Here, we comprehensively examined human brain cell epigenomes by probing DNA methylation and chromatin conformation at single-cell resolution in 517 thousand cells (399 thousand neurons and 118 thousand non-neurons) from 46 regions of three adult male brains. (salk.edu)
Integrative analyses revealed concordant changes in DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, chromatin organization, and gene expression across cell types, cortical areas, and basal ganglia structures. (salk.edu)
Using a single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq), we explored open chromatin landscapes across 1.1 million cells in 42 brain regions from three adults. (salk.edu)
Nearly a third of the cCREs demonstrated conservation and chromatin accessibility in the mouse brain cells. (salk.edu)
Taken together, our results support a model in which epigenome reprogramming by H3.3K27M creates a dependence on SMARCA4-mediated chromatin remodeling to drive gene expression and the pathogenesis of H3.3K27M DMG. (cshl.edu)
In some processes, chromatin modifications carry heritable regulatory information that is transmitted from mother to daughter cells, whereas in other cases, they are implicated in the execution of the information contained in the DNA sequence, or occur as a consequence of dynamic nuclear processes such as transcription. (plos.org)
Her team investigates how stem cells establish unique chromatin landscapes and programs of gene expression, and how this shifts in response to changes in their local environment. (rockefeller.edu)

Researchers have long known that heterogeneity exists among cells in tissue samples and other populations, but this cellular variability is masked by averaging data across pooled cell samples. (labbulletin.com)
The ability to tease out single-cell genomic data has historically been limited by a lack of standardized, user-friendly methods that would allow the broader biological and clinical communities to study individual cellular variability at high definition, high throughput, and low cost. (labbulletin.com)
Advances in technology, such as Fluidigm's microfluidic chips and high-throughput instruments, have made single-cell studies feasible by converting cellular heterogeneity from a source of background noise to a source of information enabling cutting-edge discoveries. (labbulletin.com)
Utilizing cutting-edge techniques, 10X Genomics single-cell gene expression, the researchers established a spatial and temporal cellular atlas of deer antler regeneration. (novogene.com)
The signalling pathway underlying the cellular response to Sb V is likely to be independent from the TLR4-mediated mechanism of lipopolysaccharide activation. (pucv.cl)
Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Through the combined work of these three laureates it was thus demonstrated that the response by gene expression to changes in oxygen is directly coupled to oxygen levels in the animal cell, allowing immediate cellular responses to occur to oxygenation through the action of the HIF transcription factor. (nobelprize.org)

The Wnt family of genes produce glycolipoproteins that are involved with signaling and developmental processes. (wikipedia.org)
Developmental Cell. (wikipedia.org)
A similar decline in apoptotic susceptibility associated with downregulation of Apaf-1 expression as a function of developmental age was also found in cultured primary rat cortical neurons. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, they described 56 developmental trajectories in organ development for different cell types. (mpg.de)
Mistakes during this process, that is, if a wrong gene is active or inactive at the wrong place or at the wrong time, can lead to developmental defects. (mpg.de)
The most common method for investigating embryonic developmental disorders is to concentrate on a single organ system in the mouse and conduct gene knockout studies. (mpg.de)
Next, the importance of embryonic developmental genes such as homeobox and T-box transcription factors are highlighted in conduction system development and function. (medscape.com)

The molecular machinery underlying this phenomenon was discovered in the mid-late 80s, and the work received a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2017. (databasefootball.com)

Dll1 expression in the paraxial mesoderm and nervous system is strikingly similar to the expression of mouse Notch1 during gastrulation and early organogenesis. (jax.org)
It lacks the necessary throughput and resolution to provide a global overview of the dynamic molecular processes that take place in the different and rapidly growing populations and subpopulations of cells during organogenesis. (mpg.de)
In the current issue of the journal Nature , the scientists describe how the method has been improved and applied to mouse embryos in order to create an 'atlas' of gene activity during mouse organogenesis. (mpg.de)

Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

The study demonstrated that the regenerative process in deer antlers aligns with stem cell-based mammalian regeneration. (novogene.com)
Furthermore, the researchers identified a population of regenerative progenitor cells known as Antlerogenic Bone and Cartilage Progenitor Cells (ABPCs) that possess self-renewal, bone-to-cartilage differentiation, and bone tissue repair capabilities. (novogene.com)
These findings will help in the identification of genes involved in disease and the development of personalized and regenerative medicine. (riken.jp)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

Lannan R, Maity A, Wollman R. Epigenetic fluctuations underlie gene expression timescales and variability. . (ucla.edu)

Our intent is to establish the Center as a focal point to enhance collaboration and accelerate the science, applications, methods and discoveries in single-cell genomics research," said Ken Livak, Ph.D., Fluidigm Senior Scientific Fellow, who will act as the Alliance Manager at the Broad Institute, overseeing research projects amongst the Center and project partners. (labbulletin.com)
It is expected that the Single-Cell Genomics Center will become fully operational this quarter. (labbulletin.com)
Unlike other large-scale genomics projects, FANTOM5 focused on identifying gene expression on normal primary cells rather than cell lines derived from cancers. (riken.jp)
Fuchs's group has used high throughput genomics in mice to identify and characterize the features of the cells that propagate these cancers in skin. (rockefeller.edu)

In mammalian species, every single cell has this clock machinery and acts as an independent oscillator that works in synchrony with other oscillating cells in a multi-oscillatory system. (databasefootball.com)

Most studies have been performed on large cell populations, but detailed understanding of cell dynamics and heterogeneity requires single-cell analysis. (frontiersin.org)
Transcriptional bursting is the stochastic activation and inactivation of promoters, contributing to cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression. (janelia.org)
Population balance models capture the heterogeneity but little structure with which to differentiate the cells due to the computationally intense nature of their solution while single-cell models are good at describing structure but cannot describe heterogeneity. (imperial.ac.uk)

With roughly 30,000 genes in mammalian genomes, fection with a vector encoding MyoD (Tapscott et al. (lu.se)

FANTOM, a large international consortium led by RIKEN releases today the first comprehensive map of gene activity across the human body, and provides the first holistic view of the complex networks that regulate gene expression across the wide variety of cell types that make up a human being. (riken.jp)
A key discovery on the way was that by employing CAGE, the technology used to find active genes, the team could identify the additional DNA regions that regulate the activity of genes in every cell type, called enhancers. (riken.jp)
In this report, we reveal an important function for ARD1 in mammalian cells as a protein acetyltransferase by direct binding to HIF-1alpha to regulate its stability. (nih.gov)

For instance, at night, when seizures are less frequent, high levels of melatonin and reduced activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are observed, which are the two crucial regulatory components involved in the modulation of seizure thresholds. (databasefootball.com)
Delineating the gene-regulatory programs underlying complex cell types is fundamental for understanding brain function in health and disease. (salk.edu)
However, the regulatory programs governing cell identity and function remain unclear. (salk.edu)
Integrating this data unveiled 107 distinct cell types and their specific utilization of 544,735 candidate cis-regulatory DNA elements (cCREs) in the human genome. (salk.edu)
We reveal strong links between specific brain cell types and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and major depression, and have developed deep learning models to predict the regulatory roles of noncoding risk variants in these disorders. (salk.edu)
SMARCA4 co-localizes with SOX10 at gene regulatory elements (GRE) to control the expression of genes involved in cell growth and extracellular matrix (ECM). (cshl.edu)
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Therefore, we have concluded that the role of ARD1 in the acetylation of HIF-1alpha provides a key regulatory mechanism underlying HIF-1alpha stability. (nih.gov)
Thus, for a given gene, we are able to measure at the same time the regulatory input and the transcriptional output. (phdposition.com)
We present a novel approach, the Local Edge Machine, for the inference of regulatory interactions directly from time-series gene expression data. (biomedcentral.com)

The difference between all these cells is what parts of the genome they use - for instance, brain cells use different genes than liver cells, and therefore they work very differently. (riken.jp)
In order to realize this, different genes have to be activated in each cell at different times. (mpg.de)

Single-cell sequencing could help to solve the fundamental challenge of linking millions of cell-type-specific enhancers with their target genes. (salk.edu)

One of the best examples of a large functional network is the mammalian circadian oscillator, for which the current core network contains about 30 nodes. (biomedcentral.com)

Genome-wide kinetic properties of transcriptional bursting in mouse embryonic stem cells. (janelia.org)
These rhythms are produced by "clock genes," which drive the 24-hour cyclical expression of up to 50% of the entire genome. (databasefootball.com)
Single-cell DNA methylation and 3D genome architecture in the human brain. (salk.edu)
However, this task is confounded by patterns of gene co-expression in much the same way that genetic correlation due to linkage disequilibrium confounds fine-mapping in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). (salk.edu)
The FANTOM project (for Functional Annotation of the Mammalian genome) is a RIKEN initiative launched in 2000 to build a complete library of human genes using the capabilities offered by new, state-of-the-art cDNA technologies. (riken.jp)
This beautiful diversity of cell types allow us to see, think, hear, move and fight infection yet all of this is encoded in the same genome. (riken.jp)
In FANTOM5, we have for the first time systematically investigated exactly what genes are used in virtually all cell types across the human body, and the regions which determine where the genes are read from the genome," explains Dr. Alistair Forrest, scientific coordinator of FANTOM5. (riken.jp)
The genome of P. falciparum contains hundreds of genes that show CVGE, such that individual parasites within an isogenic population express these genes at very different levels, often fully active or completely silenced [15] . (plos.org)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

By systematically incorporating knowledge on shared properties of genes from diverse sources to build functional association networks (FANs), researchers may be able to identify additional functional interactions between groups of genes that are not readily apparent. (biomedcentral.com)

Wnt-9b is a gene that often expressed in the epithelial cells of the Wolfian duct in early male and female embryos. (wikipedia.org)
It presents a functional unit of a physical barrier consisting of a mucus layer and a monolayer of epithelial cells and of a mucosal lymphoid system that together efficiently discriminate between pathogenic and commensal microorganisms 16 . (nature.com)
Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)

Injury-induced cytochrome c -specific cleavage of caspase-9 followed by activation of caspase-3 in mature brain correlated with marked increases in Apaf-1 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression. (jneurosci.org)
Pansensitive and panresistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs with concordant mRNA and protein expression were identified. (cdc.gov)

Circadian rhythms, 24-hour internal clocks running in all cells, aid living organisms in acclimatizing their physiology and behavior to the day/night changes in light, temperature, accessibility of food, and other periodic ecological factors. (databasefootball.com)
It has been demonstrated that ~30% of gene products present circadian oscillation only when the brain becomes epileptic. (databasefootball.com)
Finally, we use an atlas of transcription data in a mammalian circadian system to illustrate how the method can be used for discovery in the context of large complex networks. (biomedcentral.com)

To identify the most predictive genes we used a variable selection strategy. (frontiersin.org)
Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)

The sodium current underlying action potentials in guinea pig hippocampal CA1 neurons. (xenbase.org)
It takes billions of cells to make a human brain, and scientists have long struggled to map this complex network of neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
Furthermore, the changes in the expression of clock genes can cause misaligned oscillations between hippocampal neurons and other oscillators. (databasefootball.com)
Conclusion Bone marrow stromal cells could express phenotypes of neurons, and Salvia miltiorrhiza could induce hBMSC to differentiate into neuron-like cells. (besjournal.com)

Moreover, we demonstrate its ability to incorporate biological prior information and make informative predictions on a well-characterized in vivo system using data from budding yeast that have been synchronized in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)

Overview of Single Cell Combinatorial Indexing for labeling the transcriptome of single cells The cells of mouse embryos at day 9.5 to 13.5 were isolated and distributed into different wells of a microtiter plate. (mpg.de)
Together with researchers from Berlin, the American team used this method to study the activity of all cells from mouse embryos at the age of 9.5 to 13.5 days. (mpg.de)

GATA3 Mediates a Fast, Irreversible Commitment to BMP4-Driven Differentiation in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. (ucla.edu)
In stratified epithelia proliferative basal cells adherent to the underlying basement membrane undergo cell cycle arrest then outward migration and terminal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
The function of histone modifying epigenetic regulators and noncoding RNA as central mediators of epithelial stem cell renewal and differentiation represent major emerging areas of study in the lab. (stanford.edu)
Initially, all these cells are identical, but soon, they start to form the three germ layers, which represent the first stage of differentiation of the developing embryo. (mpg.de)
Objective To investigate the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) into neuron-like cells and to explore their potential use for neural transplantation. (besjournal.com)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)

Every cell in a mouse brain contains the same sequence of DNA, but variations in how this DNA is regulated-its so-called "epigenome"-give cells their unique identity. (neurosciencenews.com)

These advances will allow deeper exploration of the underlying causes of many diseases, including the progression of individual cancers, differential immune responses, and the maturation of stem cells. (labbulletin.com)
Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)

Our finding that disease genes in many cancers are mostly connected through PPIs whereas other complex diseases, such as autism and type-2 diabetes, are mostly connected through FANs without PPIs, can guide better strategies for disease gene discovery. (biomedcentral.com)
The control of this transition from epithelial stem cell to differentiated corneocyte, which is abnormal in epidermal cancers, is not well understood. (stanford.edu)
A major focus of the lab is on squamous cell carcinomas, which are among the most common and life-threatening human cancers worldwide. (rockefeller.edu)
They devised methods to mark and track the behavior of these tumor-initiating stem cells and discovered that not only are these cells at invasive fronts of the cancers, but they are also responsible for tumor relapse following chemo- and immune-therapies administered to mice with tumors. (rockefeller.edu)

Temperature-sensitive mutations in the III-IV cytoplasmic loop region of the skeletal muscle sodium channel gene in paramyotonia congenita. (xenbase.org)
Human genetic studies have identified mutations in the sodium channel SCN5A gene causing tachyarrhythmia disorders, as well as progressive cardiac conduction system diseases, or overlapping syndromes. (medscape.com)

We will continue to search for the basic molecular mechanism underlying the wide diversity of cells, to provide deeper insights into life science that will lead to improved medical treatment, " Dr. Hayashizaki added. (riken.jp)
The main objective of the project is to study the effects of hyperosmotic pressure on the antibody production process in the GS-NS0 cell line, with particular attention to the antibody production mechanism. (imperial.ac.uk)

It has been shown that MRV can manipulate host gene expression and further induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in various cell lines. (umanitoba.ca)
We further found that the level of Bcl-xL protein, which has been shown to be able to inhibit apoptosis, was increased in H1299 cell lines (both p53-null and p53 positive) infected by T3D, but decreased in the same cell lines infected by T1L. (umanitoba.ca)
Apoptosis is a genetically controlled cell death that was initially recognized for its role in development. (jneurosci.org)
Nearly half of neural cells die by apoptosis during brain development. (jneurosci.org)

The resultant subnetwork diagrams from these analyses are useful because this prior knowledge, displayed as a network diagram, contains information about the relationships between the genes identified experimentally. (biomedcentral.com)

Cadmium enhances the expression of several classes of genes at concentrations of a few microM. (nih.gov)

Using a highly sensitive technique called Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE), developed at RIKEN (ref. 4, 5), the researchers monitored the activity of promoters and enhancers across over 180 human primary cells. (riken.jp)

Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)
Single cell analysis is a promising alternative for such analyses,' explains Malte Spielmann, group leader at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin. (mpg.de)

Disordered external signals, misaligned internal clocks, or alterations in the expression of clock genes are harmful to human health, as it can enhance the susceptibility and severity of many metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. (databasefootball.com)
Models of animal cell culture systems have a wide range of potential applications, such as analysis and prediction of experimental results, optimisation of culture conditions for prolonged viability, and perhaps most importantly, the investigation of fundamental metabolic processes and their subsequent elucidation. (imperial.ac.uk)
Current understanding of mammalian cell cultures lies in the association of their metabolic behaviour to their antibody production output. (imperial.ac.uk)
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide essential metabolic functions and represent the major bioenergetic hub of eukaryotic cell. (hindawi.com)

The team also discovered that epithelial stem cells retain an epigenetic memory of their inflammatory encounters. (rockefeller.edu)

However, existing strategies for generating and analysing high-throughput spatial expression profiles were developed for a limited range of organisms, primarily mammals. (nature.com)
Our process includes high-throughput spatial transcriptome profiling followed by spatial gene and pathway analyses. (nature.com)

Asthma and COPD are complex diseases involving both genetic and environmental factors resulting in disease expression. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Although all cells contain the same genetic material, they develop into different directions. (mpg.de)
These results suggest that genetic variations in TNF, TGFB1, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes contribute to DA susceptibility. (cdc.gov)

The normal cardiac impulse of the vertebrate heart originates in the pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium. (medscape.com)

Primary structure and functional expression of the beta 1 subunit of the rat brain sodium channel. (xenbase.org)

The team went on to show that the methylation patterns could be used to predict where in the brain any given cell came from-not just within broad regions but down to specific layers of cells within a region. (neurosciencenews.com)
The patterns of methylation in the cells, they discovered, correlated with cells' projection (destination) patterns. (neurosciencenews.com)
states'' or gene expression patterns. (lu.se)

Subsequently, all cell nuclei were extracted and a molecular barcode specific to the respective embryo was introduced to the RNA molecules of each cell. (mpg.de)
1995) and subsequently in primary cells (Heyworth et al. (lu.se)

Pretreatment of murine myoblast (C2C12) cells with octyl-D-carnosine or carnosine enhanced HIF-1α protein expression, VEGF mRNA levels and VEGF release under hypoxic conditions. (frontiersin.org)

The BICCN, one subset of the BRAIN Initiative, specifically focuses on creating brain atlases that describe the full plethora of cells-as characterized by many different techniques-in mammalian brains. (neurosciencenews.com)

Evaluation of differentiated human bronchial epithelial cell culture systems for asthma research Journal of Allergy. (nottingham.ac.uk)

However, the relationship between polymorphisms in the WDR4 gene and susceptibility to Wilms tumor remains to be fully investigated. (jcancer.org)
We performed a large case-control study involving 414 patients and 1199 cancer-free controls to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the WDR4 gene are associated with Wilms tumor susceptibility. (jcancer.org)
In addition, unconditioned logistic regression analysis was performed, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between WDR4 gene SNPs and Wilms tumor susceptibility as well as the strength of the associations. (jcancer.org)

Efficient expression of Escherichia coli galactokinase gene in mammalian cells. (xenbase.org)

The special issue of Nature has 17 total BICCN articles, including five co-authored by Salk researchers that describe approaches to studying brain cells and new characterizations of subtypes of brain cells in mice. (neurosciencenews.com)
Handly LN, Yao J, Wollman R. Signal Transduction at the Single-Cell Level: Approaches to Study the Dynamic Nature of Signaling Networks. . (ucla.edu)
There are two prominent approaches to modelling cells. (imperial.ac.uk)

Myoscaffolds reveal laminin scarring is detrimental for stem cell function while sarcospan induces compensatory fibrosis. (ucla.edu)
Cell stem cell, 2020. (ucla.edu)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)

However, besides physical or co-expression interactions there are many ways in which pairs of genes, or their protein products, can be associated. (biomedcentral.com)

We aim to study the coupling between LTCC and β adrenergic receptors in different cardiomyocyte microdomains, the distinct involvement of PKA and CAMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and explore how this functional complex is disrupted in heart failure.Methods:Global signaling between LTCCs and β adrenergic receptors was assessed with whole-cell current recordings and western blot analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)
Beginning with time-series gene expression data, the Local Edge Machine (LEM) seeks to find functional network models capable of generating the dynamic behavior of the data (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

William Kaelin, Jr. was in 1995 engaged in the study of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, and after isolation of the first full-length clone of the gene showed that it could suppress tumor growth in VHL mutant tumorigenic cell lines. (nobelprize.org)

In a PCR array analysis of 84 transcription factors, either overexpressing DEFB1 or siRNA silencing of DEFB1 expression significantly modulated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (cdc.gov)

We found that the expression of Bcl-xL protein in H1299 cell line infected by MRV was majorly controlled by the S1 gene segment which encodes the σ1 cell attachment protein and the σ1s non structural protein, while minorly controlled by L3 gene segment of MRV. (umanitoba.ca)

T polymorphism of the WDR4 gene was significantly associated with Wilms tumor. (jcancer.org)

The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
New experimental techniques allow us to monitor a wide variety of biological processes at high temporal and special resolutions: from gene expression in single-cells to enzymatic activity of single molecules. (phdposition.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms22

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs57

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Phenomena and Processes99

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science6

Health Care4

Mechanisms27

Proteins15

Tissues11

Signaling pathway1

Regulation9

Proliferation7

Individual genes3

Biology16

Pathways7

Chromatin8

Cellular7

Developmental7

20171

Organogenesis3

Synthesis1

Regenerative4

Variability1

Genomics4

Species1

Heterogeneity3

Genomes1

Regulate3

Regulatory10

Different genes2

Target genes1

Oscillator1

Genome9

Systematically1

Epithelial cells3

MRNA and protein expression2

Circadian3

Predictive2

Neurons4

Yeast1

Phenotypes2

Embryos2

Differentiation7

Epigenome1

Maturation3

Cancers4

Mutations2

Mechanism2

Apoptosis4

Experimentally1

Enhances the expression1

Analysis of gene expression1

Genetics2

Metabolic4

Epigenetic1

High-throughput2

Genetic3

Vertebrate1

Subunit1

Patterns3

Subsequently2

Protein expression1

Brains1

Human bronchial epithelial1

Susceptibility3

Escherichia1

Approaches3

Stem cell4

Interactions1

Functional2

Isolation1

Transcription Factors1

Encodes1

Tumor1

Processes2