Gene expression stress activating transcription factor 6. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
Spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s) is a protein that belongs to the cAMP-response element-binding (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) b-ZIP family with a basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP). (mdpi.com)
Elevated intracellular Ca 2+ can activate the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), thereby potentially initiating the expression of genes that are important for synaptic plasticity, neurite growth and dendritic spine development [ 20 - 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

increased levels of 8-oxo-dG in a tissue can serve as a biomarker of oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
It plays critical roles in regulating a series of cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress. (bvsalud.org)
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (ersjournals.com)
Structural changes to essential components of the lung are caused by oxidative stress, contributing to irreversible damage of both parenchyma and airway walls. (ersjournals.com)
In addition, oxidative stress results in alterations in the local immune response, increasing the risk of infections and exacerbations, which, in turn, may accelerate lung function decline. (ersjournals.com)
Data from in vitro , ex vivo and in vivo studies indicate two sorts of effect of oxidative stress relevant to COPD. (ersjournals.com)
In addition, oxidative stress may result in alterations in the local immune response 7 . (ersjournals.com)
Oxidative stress is closely linked to inflammation. (ersjournals.com)
Attenuation of oxidative stress would be expected to result in reduced pulmonary damage and a decrease in local infections, contributing to attenuation of the progression of COPD. (ersjournals.com)
Several reviews have summarised the available data on the presence (table 1 ⇓ ) and consequences (table 2 ⇓ ) of oxidative stress in the lungs of "healthy" smokers and smokers with COPD 1 - 5 , 9 . (ersjournals.com)
Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that oxidative stress may cause alterations in essential components of the lung, contributing to pathological abnormalities and functional changes (table 2 ⇑ ) 6 , 7 . (ersjournals.com)
Body weight, accumulation of adipose tissues in abdomen and size of adipocytes, serum lipid profiles, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. (hindawi.com)
ACE significantly reduced the body and peritoneal adipose tissue weights, serum lipid profiles (total cholesterol and triglycerides), glucose levels, hepatic lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress markers. (hindawi.com)
Increases in SOD2 and GSS expression in the AGED group indicate increased oxidative stress, which potentially decreased in response to FORM stimulation. (wku.edu)
The potential presence of increased oxidative stress may influence the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expression to combat this oxidative stress and reduce mitochondrial dysfunction. (wku.edu)
Various physiological and pathological conditions such as glucose starvation, inhibition of protein glycosylation and oxidative stress may cause an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)
These are Essential for us to combat oxidative stress & free radicals produced during oxidative phosphorylation, chronic stress and exposures to radiation & pollution. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
These triggers include but are not limited to nutrient deprivation, hypoxia and disruption by chemical inhibitors of polypeptide N-linked glycosylation (e.g. tunicamycin) or calcium flux (e.g. thapsigargin), oxidative stress and infection. (distantreader.org)
Oxidative stress is involved in development and progression of lung cancer, through cellular and molecular mechanisms which at least in part overlap with proinflammatory pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, these findings suggest that simvastatin could play a role in prevention and treatment of lung cancer via modulation of important proinflammatory and tumorigenic events promoted by oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
The respiratory system is remarkably susceptible to oxidative stress because of its peculiar anatomical and functional properties, mainly related to the large area exposed to the external environment. (biomedcentral.com)
Within this context a key role is played by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), whose targets are mainly represented by nuclear transcription factors, also including those involved in oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
CF possesses antioxidant properties which protect erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and biomolecules against free radical attacks, suggesting that it may be an adjuvant intervention in the prevention and treatment of various physiological and pathological conditions related to oxidative stress [1]. (bioinf.org)
The p53 protein is a transcription factor that normally inhibits cell growth and stimulates cell death in response to myriad stressors, including DNA damage (induced by either UV or chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide), oxidative stress, and deregulated oncogene expression [6-10]. (bioinf.org)
Cellular stressors such as nutrient deprivation oxidative stress DNA damage or endoplasmic reticulum stress have been shown to activate FOXO1 (7-9). (immune-source.com)
Blood induced widespread microglial transcriptional changes, including changes involving oxidative stress and neurodegenerative genes. (nature.com)
Pathogenic activation of microglia contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation and neurodegeneration in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) 6 . (nature.com)
To discover the molecular programs controlling microglial and macrophage polarization by blood proteins, we developed an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline consisting of deep sequencing of blood-induced transcriptomes, functional single-cell and oxidative stress transcriptomics, global phosphoproteomics and integration with innate immune signatures from AD and MS models (Extended Data Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
Targeted transcriptional profiling showed no effects on pathways involved inmitochondrial biogenesis, function, or oxidative stress. (medscape.com)
We conducted an ancillary study to the CALERIE 2 randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of 12 months of 25% CR on in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics, mitochondrial content, and markers of oxidative stress. (medscape.com)

The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways focused on the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
Our results indicated that CmNAC1 is a critical factor in ABA signaling pathways and it can be utilized in transgenic breeding to improve the abiotic stress tolerance of crops. (frontiersin.org)
Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress-induced UPR pathways play pivotal roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic function in multiple conditions. (ryr1.org)
The induction of ATF-3 expression was mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in GS-002-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis by the propolis derivative, GS-002, is partially mediated through ER stress and ATF-3-dependent pathways, and GS-002 has the potential for development as an antitumor drug. (hindawi.com)
The new data support two out of three novel regulatory pathways predicted to mediate expression changes downstream of the yeast transcriptional regulator SWI4 . (biomedcentral.com)
One general mechanism of action of phytochemicals that is emerging from recent studies is that they activate adaptive cellular stress response pathways. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Hormetic pathways activated by phytochemicals may involve kinases and transcription factors that induce the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, protein chaperones, phase-2 enzymes, neurotrophic factors and other cytoprotective proteins. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Although some beneficial phytochemicals might function solely as antioxidants, it is becoming clear that many of the beneficial chemicals in vegetables, herbs, plants and fruits evolved as toxins (to dissuade insects and other predators) that, at subtoxic doses, activate adaptive cellular stress-response pathways in a variety of cells including neurons. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Examples of such 'preconditioning' or 'neurohormesis' pathways include those involving cell-survival signaling kinases, the transcription factors NRF2 and CREB, and histone deacetylases of the sirtuin family. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
These survival mechanisms include accumulation of organic osmolytes and increased expression of heat shock proteins through numerous pathways, resulting in osmotolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
ROS may interfere with signal transduction pathways regulating the functions of transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Additional screens for MMTV provirus entry sites in tumors revealed several other upregulated genes that are associated with other gene development pathways such as INT2, INT3, and INT4 [4,5,6]. (chemdiv.com)
In the context of aberrant growth control, many important genes responsible for the genesis of various cancers have been discovered and the pathways through which they act characterized. (bioinf.org)
p53 is a master gene regulator controlling diverse cellular pathways, by either activating or repressing downstream genes. (bioinf.org)
Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)
To cope with these environmental stresses, plants activate defense responses, including the activation of sets of metabolic pathways and genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The sensing of abiotic and biotic stresses initiates several complex signaling pathways in plants. (beds.ac.uk)
The mechanism of stress-response in plants is highly intricate and requires several integrated pathways to be activated in response to external stresses. (beds.ac.uk)
Moreover, with nine diverse groups of plant hormones participating in defense responses, their signaling pathways are intricately interconnected to facilitate the generation of a sophisticated and efficient stress response. (beds.ac.uk)
The Sirtuin spices are our most popular spices that activate stress coping pathways, making them work better. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. (cancerindex.org)
It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
As a largest plant-specific transcription factor family, NAC domain proteins play an important role in plant development and regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
However, overload of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen causes stress, which results in the activation of a signaling network called the unfolded protein response (UPR). (ryr1.org)
The UPR restores ER homeostasis through modulating the rate of protein synthesis and augmenting the gene expression of many ER chaperones and regulatory proteins. (ryr1.org)
Previous studies have revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a stress response that occurs when impairment of the protein folding capacity of the ER leads to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER, contributing to degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. (bvsalud.org)
GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
Lacking proteosomal function on aggregates of unfolded proteins, ER stress may induce autophagic machinery. (spandidos-publications.com)
In these ways, neurohormetic phytochemicals such as resveratrol, sulforaphanes and curcumin might protect neurons against injury and disease by stimulating the production of antioxidant enzymes, neurotrophic factors, protein chaperones and other proteins that help cells to withstand stress. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Oxidative and electrophilic stresses are sensed by Keap1, which activates Nrf2 to achieve cytoprotection by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing and antioxidative stress enzymes/proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Aggregated misfolded proteins in the ER cause cellular stress, which if unresolved can lead to cell death. (distantreader.org)
GRP78 has a high affinity for misfolded and unfolded proteins: when luminal load of misfolded protein increases, GRP78 is released from the ER stress sensors, which are then free to initiate downstream signalling outside the ER. (distantreader.org)
In particular, the ERK1/2 subgroup of MAPK is activated by a MAPK kinase kinase named Raf (most commonly Raf-1), whose activation in turn requires the GTP-bound form of Ras family proteins [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, stress response studies during these growth stages reveal novel differentially regulated genes or proteins with important functions in plant stress adaptation. (intechopen.com)
functional" genes encoding proteins such as late embryogenesis-associated proteins, detoxification enzymes, heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones, which directly protect plants from abiotic stress, and "regulatory" genes encoding proteins such as protein kinases and transcription factors (TFs), which have roles in the perception and transduction of stress signals. (biomedcentral.com)
The NAC domain was deduced from three previously characterized proteins, petunia NAM (no apical meristem), Arabidopsis thaliana ATAF1/2 ( Arabidopsis thaliana activation factor 1/2) and CUC2 (cup-shaped cotyledon) [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cadherin genes encode a superfamily of calcium-dependent adhesion-related type-1 transmembrane proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The activated Ca 2+ sensors can either bind to cis -elements in the promoters of major stress-responsive genes or can interact with DNA-binding proteins controlling these genes, thereby, resulting in their activation or suppression. (beds.ac.uk)
Only CI activated a set of genes associated with the repair of impaired proteins and structures including genes related to apoptosis, whereas FI uniquely activated gene sets involved in extensive inflammatory responses, tissue remodelling, angiogenesis and myofibre/extracellular matrix synthesis. (cdc.gov)
ATF4 activates the transcription of C/EBP homologous proteins (CHOP), considered to mediate palmitate-induced -cell loss of life [10], [11]. (cgp60474.com)
Dynamic IRE1 splices X-box binding proteins-1 (Xbp)-1 mRNA, translating into a dynamic transcription aspect sXbp-1 that induces ER chaperones and ER-associated proteins degradation. (cgp60474.com)
Activated ATF6 mediates transcription of genes encoding ER chaperone proteins also. (cgp60474.com)
We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)
In addition, activated eIF2α can trigger production of certain proteins called transcription factors, which control gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. (cdc.gov)

The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade by H 2 O 2 and subsequent upregulation of specific stress-related genes in Arabidopsis is a perfect example of ROS-mediated stress-response [ 5 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
PKC activates Bay 65-1942 several mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of p38 cJun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) (29). (immune-source.com)

At the cellular level, overexpression of Mfn2 promoted cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, attenuated mitochondrial damage and Ca2+ overload, and ER stress. (bvsalud.org)
Concomitant with elevated Mfn2 expression in the kidney, reduced renal cell apoptosis, restored mitochondrial function, and reduced calcium overload. (bvsalud.org)
Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
Recent research demonstrated that the potential to induce apoptosis through endoplasmic reticular (ER) stresses can be a target for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
NF-κB and AP-1 are responsible for the coordinated expression of several genes that control inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
ER stress cross-talks to the mitochondrial or intrinsic death pathway via p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) and JNK-dependent upregulation of the Death protein (DP5) [27]. (cgp60474.com)
Thus FOXO1 regulates cell-stress resistance and cell longevity but can also promote cell apoptosis (14). (immune-source.com)
STAT1 is known to regulate several genes which are involved in cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, and lipid metabolism. (thermofisher.com)

Furthermore, the ectopic expression (EE) of CmNAC1 in Arabidopsis led to ABA hypersensitivity and enhanced tolerance to salinity, drought and cold stress. (frontiersin.org)
The NAC domain transcription factors in Arabidopsis function in plant development, senescence, and stress regulation. (frontiersin.org)
Progress has been made to better understand about effect of regulons (AREB/ABF, DREB, MYB, and NAC) under abiotic stresses and a number of regulons reported for stress responsive and used as a better transgenic tool of Arabidopsis and Rice. (scielo.br)
The NAC [NAM (No Apical Meristem), ATAF1 ( Arabidopsis thaliana Activation Factor 1), and CUC2 (Cup-shaped Cotyledon)] transcription factor family is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
A few members of S40 gene family, the barley HvS40 and the Arabidopsis AtS40-3 , have been shown to play a role in leaf senescence in Barley and Arabidopsis . (biomedcentral.com)
Using biologically interrelated experiments to identify pathway genes in Arabidopsis. (gao-lab.org)

The UPR is initiated by three ER transmembrane sensors: protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol requiring protein 1a, and activating transcription factor 6. (ryr1.org)
inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6). (spandidos-publications.com)
4 Upon dissociation from GRP78, the transmembrane kinase PERK is activated by oligomerisation and autophosphorylation. (distantreader.org)
A diverse range of physiological stimuli induce Akt kinase activity, including many trophic factors which promote survival, at least in part, through Akt activation via the phosphatidylinositide 3-OH kinase 123653-11-2 manufacture (PI3K) signaling cascade. (bioinf.org)
eukaryotic translational initiation aspect-2 kinase 3 (Benefit), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and activating transcription aspect 6 (ATF6) thus activating these protein. (cgp60474.com)
gene transcription primarily by signaling through protein kinase C (PKC) (28). (immune-source.com)
Gene expressions for transcription factor NF-κB, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6), and microRNA-146a were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. (kjpp.net)

Preclinical studies have found that regulation of ER stress can delay the progression of multiple degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. (bvsalud.org)
As genome-scale measurements lead to increasingly complex models of gene regulation, systematic approaches are needed to validate and refine these models. (biomedcentral.com)
These strategies involve rearrangements at the molecular level starting from transcription, regulation of mRNA processing, translation, and protein modification or its turnover. (intechopen.com)
Plants show stress-specific regulation of transcription that affects their transcriptome under stress conditions. (intechopen.com)
It cannot be excluded that the anxiolytic effect of Afobazole is accompanied by up-regulation of Sigma1R chaperone functions, because this drug normalizes the stress-induced down-regulation of reception in benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptor [6]. (epiphanyasd.com)
Internal factors such as age of plants, hormones and external (a) biotic factors affects the regulation of leaf senescence [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence the expression of numerous SAGs can be influenced by the regulation of a specific gene that encodes a specific TF [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization of the cis elements in the proximal promoter regions of the anthocyanin pathway genes reveals a common regulatory logic that governs pathway regulation. (gao-lab.org)
Regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by Medicago truncatula bHLH transcription factor MtTT8. (gao-lab.org)
The reason for its use is the higher number of platelets, which is an important source of growth factors, such TGF- β1, that hypothetically possess a stimulating effect on regulation and differentiation in mesenchymal tissue repair 10 . (bvsalud.org)

The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
Furthermore, we identify activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a key chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum stress, as a functional downstream effector of PCDH20. (biomedcentral.com)

Crops are affected by all kinds of abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, heat, and salinity stress that could lead toward extensive production losses worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
The world is facing global warming due to urbanizations and industrialization and in this concerns plants exposed continuously to abiotic stresses which is a major cause of crop hammering every year. (scielo.br)
Abiotic stresses consist of Drought, Salt, Heat, Cold, Oxidative and Metal toxicity which damage the crop yield continuously. (scielo.br)

IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
This transcriptome analysis provides a valuable resource for elucidating the signaling pathway of NaCl and KCl stress and is a substantial genetic resource for discovering genes related to the NaCl and KCl stress response of M. hupehensis . (researchsquare.com)
This study has investigated the effect of a potent bioflavonoid, troxerutin, on diabetes-induced changes in pro-inflammatory mediators and expression of microRNA-146a and nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in aortic tissue of type-I diabetic rats. (kjpp.net)
These results suggest that early-life stress may mediate cognitive impairment in middle-age ApoE4-TR mice through sustained reduction of GABAergic neurons and Reelin expression, which might further diminish the activation of the Fyn/NMDAR2B signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Activated and released IRE1α acts as an RNase to initiate transcription of XBP1 mRNA and it becomes a transcriptional activator for unfolded protein response (UPR) gene targets, such as BiP and calreticulin ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
Sestrin2, a stress-inducible protein, is primarily involved in cellular responses to various stresses. (bvsalud.org)
However at the relatively small doses ingested by humans that consume the plants, the phytochemicals are not toxic and instead induce mild cellular stress responses. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
In addition, we review current insights into how the UPR is involved in viral infection at mucosal barriers and potential therapeutic strategies that restore epithelial cell integrity following acute viral infections via cytokine and cellular stress manipulation. (distantreader.org)
Furthermore, simvastatin decreased H 2 O 2 -mediated induction of the cellular expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as of several components of the signaling complex activated by innate immune responses, including MyD88, TRAF2, TRAF6 and TRADD. (biomedcentral.com)
Innate immune cells integrate environmental signals to rapidly activate target genes and perform specialized cellular functions 5 . (nature.com)
From these, 23 genes were identified that may play a role in cellular neurodegeneration. (cdc.gov)

These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. (nature.com)
Plants respond to various stimuli under abiotic or biotic stress condition and express certain genes either structural or regulatory genes which maintain the plant integrity. (scielo.br)
The regulatory genes primarily the transcription factors that exert their activity by binding to certain cis DNA elements and consequently either up regulated or down regulate to target expression. (scielo.br)
In this disturbance the maintenance involve the gene expression under the stress either in the form of structural gene or regulatory. (scielo.br)
Plant/ crop productivity effected by the environmental strains such as water deficit condition (drought), Low temperature (cold), salt and High temperature (heat) these stresses disturb the signal transduction of gene regulatory systems of plants. (scielo.br)
Towards this goal, we describe an automated procedure for prioritizing genetic perturbations in order to discriminate optimally between alternative models of a gene-regulatory network. (biomedcentral.com)
Using this procedure, we evaluate 38 candidate regulatory networks in yeast and perform four high-priority gene knockout experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent advances in genomics and computational biology are enabling construction of large-scale models of gene-regulatory networks. (biomedcentral.com)
These data have spawned a variety of methods to infer the structure of gene-regulatory networks or to study their high-level properties, as recently reviewed [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We recently reported a procedure for inferring gene-regulatory network models by integrating gene-expression profiles with high-throughput measurements of protein interactions [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
First, we use the previously described modeling procedure to generate a library of models corresponding to different gene-regulatory systems in yeast. (biomedcentral.com)
Many of these models contain transcriptional interactions for which the regulatory effects (inducer versus repressor) are ambiguous and cannot be determined from publicly available expression profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
Taking all findings together, we concluded that OsS40-1 , OsS40-2 , OsS40-12 and OsS40-14 genes have potential regulatory function of crosstalk among abiotic, biotic and developmental senescence in rice. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of PRX36, PMEI6 and SBT1.7 is controlled by complex transcription factor regulatory networks for proper seed coat mucilage extrusion. (gao-lab.org)

Mice without a functional OGG1 gene have about a 5-fold increased level of 8-oxo-dG in their livers compared to mice with wild-type OGG1. (wikipedia.org)
irradiated mice without a functional OGG1 gene (OGG1 knock-out mice) and wild-type mice three times a week for 40 weeks with UVB light at a relatively low dose (not enough to cause skin redness). (wikipedia.org)
Exploiting the functional genomics and bioinformatics studies paved the way in understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype of an organism suffering from environmental stress. (intechopen.com)
Over the last two decades, studies based on genome-wide gene expression and functional profiling have revealed the great diversity of transcriptional alterations occurring in liver carcinogenesis. (aging-us.com)
The multifactorial nature of ASD precludes the use of its modern genetic models in the study of pharmacologic effects exerted on entire symptomatic complex of autism although they could relate functional correction of ASD with a certain gene. (epiphanyasd.com)
Our results provide valuable baseline for functional validation studies of the rice S40 genes in rice leaf senescence. (biomedcentral.com)
The EIF2AK4 gene mutations involved in PVOD likely lead to a complete loss of functional protein. (medlineplus.gov)

Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82, the effects of a 24-hour treatment with simvastatin on hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced changes in cell viability, ERK phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, innate immunity signaling, NF-κB activation and IL-8 secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
NF-κB then translocates to the nucleus followed by p65 phosphorylation and binding to specific response elements in the DNA, which subsequently activates target gene expression ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
After phosphorylation by JAK tyrosine kinases, STAT1 enters the nucleus to regulate transcription of many different genes. (thermofisher.com)
Of note, ApoE4-TR mice, unlike age-matched ApoE3-TR mice, displayed impaired spatial cognitive abilities, loss of GABAergic neurons, decreased expression of Reelin, PSD95, SYN and Fyn, and reduced phosphorylation of NMDAR2B and CREB. (biomedcentral.com)

The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
Identification of master regulator (MR) genes offers a relatively rapid and efficient way to characterize disease-specific molecular programs. (aging-us.com)
In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs in the cell cytoplasm, have been known to be a regulator of gene expression through interaction with the complementary section of its target mRNAs, and play crucial physiological roles in cell function hemostasis as a suppressor or enhancer in gene expression. (kjpp.net)
Ectopic Expression of the Coleus R2R3 MYB-Type Proanthocyanidin Regulator Gene SsMYB3 Alters the Flower Color in Transgenic Tobacco. (gao-lab.org)

Based on mapping analyses, a total of 762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NaCl and KCl stress in the roots and leaves were identified. (researchsquare.com)
The expression of the following genes was salient: (a) Cd163, an anti-inflammatory stroke-associated gene, was the most differentially expressed gene by NPD1+RvD1, displaying more than a 123-fold upregulation in the ipsilesional penumbra (Lisi et al. (springer.com)
A total of 173 genes were differentially expressed, many of which were not found in previous transcriptional studies of other flaviviruses ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

The resulting loss of 26 nt from the spliced mRNA causes a frame-shift and an isoform XBP1(S), which is the functionally active transcription factor. (cancerindex.org)
PCDH20 mRNA and protein expression is significantly downregulated in the colonic epithelium of Crohn's disease patients and mice with induced colitis compared with controls. (biomedcentral.com)
FOXO1 protein Bay 65-1942 has been recognized in murine and rat gonadotrope cells (30 33 While FOXO1 protein expression has not been characterized in human pituitary FOXO1 mRNA levels were found to be decreased seven fold in human null cell and gonadotrope pituitary tumors (34). (immune-source.com)
vated mRNA expression. (lu.se)

For example, steroid and thyroid hormones directly bind to nuclear receptors, which induce expression of specific genes. (intechopen.com)

In other words, expression of specific genes might have relevance to pathogenesis of diseases. (intechopen.com)
Lineage-specific genes were differently expressed between cells, and correlated with the cell cycle stages with a specific augmentation of erythroid related genes in the G2/M phase. (nih.gov)
This study reveals effects of cell cycle progression on the expression of lineage specific genes in precursor cells, and suggests that hematopoietic stress changes the balance of renewal and differentiation in these homeostatic cells. (nih.gov)

Drought, cold and salinity are the major environmental stresses that limit agricultural productivity. (frontiersin.org)
Plants are being sessile in nature it can't move from one place to other places and contentiously exposed by extensive array of environmental stresses like as water deficit condition (drought), low temperature (cold), salt and high temperature (heat) etc. (scielo.br)

In invasion and metastasis, NF-κB regulates the gene transcription of proteolytic enzymes, cytokines and signaling molecules associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Recent global analyses of gene transcripts revealed that specific transcription factors (TFs) and their networking systems physiologically correspond to the onset of human diseases, including cancer. (intechopen.com)
qPCR analyses included the following genes: Nuclear Respiratory Factor (NRF1), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha/Beta (PGC-1α/β), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM), and Glutathione Synthetase (GSS). (wku.edu)
Histopathological evaluation and measurements of muscle strength were accompanied by analyses of expression for 12 488 known genes at four time points ranging from 6 h to 7 days after injury. (cdc.gov)
Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess repair time, as well as the expression of collagen III and MMPs. (bvsalud.org)

Once activated, Raf-1 phosphorylates the MAPK kinases MEK1 and MEK2, that finally stimulate ERK1 and ERK2. (biomedcentral.com)

GmNAC11 and GmNAC20 from soybean are induced by phytohormones and abiotic stress with different transcriptional activities. (frontiersin.org)
Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
Since the expression of genes defining discrete phenotypes is highly coordinated, application of reverse engineering algorithms to transcriptome datasets allows interpreting transcriptional networks by defining MRs and their associated regulons and gene circuits. (aging-us.com)
In a subset of individuals, a muscle biopsy was performed for transcriptional profiling via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. (medscape.com)

This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. (cancerindex.org)

When protein secretion demand exceeds the protein folding capacity of the ER, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered as a consequence of ER stress. (distantreader.org)

In eukaryotes, the N-terminus of this gene contains a mitochondrial targeting signal, essential for mitochondrial localization. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular effects of an in vitro SKM myoblast aging protocol in combination with a β-2 adrenergic receptor agonist treatment on the expression of genes related to mitochondrial health. (wku.edu)
FORM appears to stabilize mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes in AGED myoblasts, indicating improved overall mitochondrial health. (wku.edu)
[ 11 ] In the CALERIE phase 1 study, however, we demonstrated that 6 months of 25% CR in healthy human s increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. (medscape.com)

We demonstrated that the gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease were dominated by two processes: a range of immune responses driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and the events associated with tissue damage and repair, driven by caspases and angiogenin. (frontiersin.org)
STAT1 is activated to regulate gene expression in response to extracellular signaling polypeptides including cytokines, interferons, and growth factors. (thermofisher.com)
Inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II), and inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured on aortic samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (kjpp.net)
Previous IS potentiated gene expression of NLRP3 and proinflammatory cytokines to LPS, that is, microglia were sensitized. (jneurosci.org)

Drought and salinity stress severally affected in similar manner to plant and the leading cause of reduction in crop yield. (scielo.br)
A previously performed transcriptome analysis suggests that the expression of 30 and 42 PgNAC s are affected by salinity stress and drought stress, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of NaCl and KCl Stress Response in Malus Hupehensis Rehd. (researchsquare.com)
To explore the underlying molecular events that are associated with the progression of PGD, we sampled Atlantic salmon from three different marine production sites in Scotland and examined the gill tissue at three different levels of organization: gross morphology with the use of PGD scores (macroscopic examination), whole transcriptome (gene expression by RNA-seq) and histopathology (microscopic examination). (frontiersin.org)
The availability of pearl millet transcriptome and genome data helps to identify genes that contribute to stress tolerance in pearl millet. (biomedcentral.com)
In a transcriptome study, the orthologous gene of wheat also showed enhanced expression during senescence of flag leaves [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

citation needed] Increased oxidant stress temporarily inactivates OGG1, which recruits transcription factors such as NFkB and thereby activates expression of inflammatory genes. (wikipedia.org)
However, one month treatment of diabetic rats with troxerutin restored glucose and insulin levels, significantly decreased expression of inflammatory genes and pro-inflammatory mediators and increased microRNA level in comparison to diabetic group (p (kjpp.net)

Our results strongly suggested that the changes in PGD scores of the gill tissue were not associated with the changes in gene expression or histopathology. (frontiersin.org)
Batches of cells were infected for microarray experiments, and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the reproducibility of the changes in gene expression. (cdc.gov)

In the human uterus during endometrial decidualization FOXO1 expression is significantly increased leading to FOXO1 upregulation of p57Kip2 a cell cycle inhibitor and repression of several other genes important for cell cycle progression (16). (immune-source.com)

The clustering of DAB1 activates SRC family tyrosine kinases (SFKs), then Reelin-activated SFKs phosphorylate the NMDAR on NR2 subunits, resulting in the potentiation of NMDAR-mediated Ca 2+ influx. (biomedcentral.com)

It fine-tunes the immune response, mitigates inflammation, and influences growth factors favorably towards enhancing healthspan. (gethealthspan.com)
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a major transcription factor that is essential for the development of inflammation and cancer ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Transactivation assay in yeast cells revealed that CmNAC1 functions as a transcription activator, and its transactivation domain is located in the C-terminus. (frontiersin.org)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was further examined in cells and rats. (bvsalud.org)
Mfn2 expression is reduced in H/R-treated NRK-52E cells and renal tissue of I/R rats. (bvsalud.org)
Increased production of mediators, such as interleukin (IL)‐8, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and leukotriene B 4 , which both attract inflammatory cells and increase oxidant production by these cells, has been found. (ersjournals.com)
On the other hand, ATF-3 is rapidly induced in cells treated with growth stimulators such as serum and growth factors [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
Multiple muscle wasting-related transcription factors are acetylated in dexamethasone-treated muscle cells. (per-olofhasselgren.com)
SLC22A17 ) in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells, which are present in vivo in a hyperosmotic/-tonic environment that activates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine the effects of osmolarity/tonicity changes, Wnt/β-catenin and TLR-4 activation on Lcn2-R and Lcn2 expression and cell viability in rat primary IMCD and mouse (m)IMCD3 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Hyperosmotic/-tonic media upregulated Lcn2-R by ~4-fold and decreased Lcn2 expression/secretion, along with Wnt/β-catenin activation, in IMCD cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL in humans, siderocalin/24p3 in rodents) or lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is secreted by cells [ 6 ] in an Fe 3+ -free apo form, which binds Fe 3+ through association with bacterial siderophores (forming holo-Lcn2). (biomedcentral.com)
ER stress and activation of the UPR are natural mechanisms by which mucosal epithelial cells combat viral infections. (distantreader.org)
Future research programs can be focused on the development of transgenic plants with enhanced stress tolerance in field conditions based upon the outcome of genomic approaches and knowing the mystery of nucleotides sequences hidden in cells. (intechopen.com)
p53 activation is characterized by a drastic increase and its rapid accumulation in stressed cells [11]. (bioinf.org)
Cells with surface markers of long term HSC increased the expression of a group of TFs expressed highly in normal cycling MPP1 cells. (nih.gov)
However, at least Id1 and Hes1 were significantly activated in both HSC and MPP1 cells in anemic mice. (nih.gov)
FOXO1 was also expressed in immortalized murine gonadotrope-derived cell lines: ?T3-1 cells which only express CGA and represent an immature gonadotrope lineage and in L?T2 cells which express CGA LHB and FSHB (30 33 35 36 In gonadotrope cells FOXO1 overexpression suppressed transcription of both human and rodent basal and GnRH stimulated Bay 65-1942 and (30-32). (immune-source.com)
But if differences in chromatin structure lead each cell to respond somewhat differently to the same stimulus, then some cells might be more likely to survive or even thrive under the stress. (nih.gov)
When cells are under stress, for example when the level of protein building blocks (amino acids) is too low, EIF2AK4 activates eIF2α. (medlineplus.gov)
Our objective is to identify the cells and factors that are essential in the engineering process. (lu.se)

We also screened out 28 candidate genes from 762 DEGs and verified their expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (researchsquare.com)
First, the general TFs (GTFs), including preinitiation complex components TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and THIIH, are the primary protein factors that are required for the initiation of transcription from the TATA box (or TATA element), then elongation is executed by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
The horizontal chromatin backbone includes RNA polymerase (green), activating factors (yellow), and repressing factors (purple). (nih.gov)

Plant stress including drought and salinity are widespread in various regions of the world, and existing constraints present at an agreed time. (scielo.br)
Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) is a cereal crop that possesses the ability to withstand drought, salinity and high temperature stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
Many of these genes showed diverse salt- and drought-responsive expression patterns in roots and leaves. (biomedcentral.com)
Many of these genes are either upregulated or downregulated by either salinity or drought stress and may therefore contribute to establishing stress tolerance in pearl millet. (biomedcentral.com)

Consistent with TP53-ARID1A mutual exclusivity, the p53 pathway is activated following ARID1A loss in the endometrial epithelium, where ARID1A normally directly represses p53 pathway genes in vivo, including the stress-inducible transcription factor, ATF3. (nih.gov)
Hippocampal microglia were isolated 24 h later and stimulated with LPS ex vivo to probe for stress-induced sensitization of proinflammatory responses. (jneurosci.org)

β-catenin is a component of the complex cadherin complex whose stabilization is required to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (chemdiv.com)
We identify the cadherin superfamily member protocadherin 20 (PCDH20) as a crucial factor in Crohn's disease. (biomedcentral.com)

The activation of these factors may correlate with stages of differentiation. (nih.gov)

However, chronic heightened ER stress can also lead to many pathological consequences including cell death. (ryr1.org)
Conclusion: Thus, the results suggest that L-PRP not only induces an intense fibrosis rich in collagen III, which is not degraded, but also suppresses MMP-2 and -9 expressions, mimicking a similar pathological event as that of a cleft-palate or cranial suture. (bvsalud.org)

Our genome-wide analysis found 151 NAC transcription factor genes ( PgNAC s) in the pearl millet genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The pearl millet genome contains 151 NAC transcription factor genes that can be classified into 11 groups. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 16 OsS40 genes were identified from the genome database of Oryza sativa L. japonica by bioinformatics analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

This spliced form of XBP1 then translates into a transcription factor, which further translocates into the nucleus where it induces expression of a wide variety of genes including ER-associated chaperones and protein folding enzymes to increase ER size and folding capacity. (distantreader.org)

Induction of anemia resulted in mobilization of the quiescent to the active cluster and of the early to later stage of cell cycle, with marked increase in expression of certain transcription factors (TFs) while maintaining expression of interferon response genes. (nih.gov)
We identified a significant induction of epithelial alarmin (thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP)-dependent interleukin-13 pathway after co-exposure, associated with increased mucin and interferon gene expression. (cdc.gov)

The aim of this study was to provide the senescence related information of S40 gene family in rice as rice is a major crop that feeds about half of the human population in the world. (biomedcentral.com)
S40 genes of rice show high structural similarities, as 13 out of the 16 genes have no intron and the other 3 genes have only 1 or 2 introns. (biomedcentral.com)

and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPAR α ). (hindawi.com)
The emotional stress reaction (ESR) in these animals is associated with weaker binding capacity of the benzodiazepine site in GABAA receptor [6]. (epiphanyasd.com)
Transformation of ESR into the cell stress augments reception in the domain responsible for binding the endo- and exogenous ligands of sigma 1 receptor chaperon protein (Sigma1R) [1] responsible for adaptive reactions [8]. (epiphanyasd.com)

8-Oxoguanine glycosylase, also known as OGG1, is a DNA glycosylase enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the OGG1 gene. (wikipedia.org)

The expression of 36 randomly selected PgNAC s were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)

Activated Benefit phosphorylates and inhibits eukaryotic initiation aspect 2 (eIF2) resulting in global translational attenuation. (cgp60474.com)

NAC transcription factors regulate the stress response in plants. (frontiersin.org)
These transcription factors are known as masters regulators because its single transcript regulate more than one gene, in this context the regulon word is fascinating more in compass of transcription factors. (scielo.br)
In this article, we have discussed the recent advancements toward understanding the role and mechanisms through which ER stress and individual arms of the UPR regulate skeletal muscle physiology and pathology. (ryr1.org)
NAC family members are known to regulate plant growth and abiotic stress response. (biomedcentral.com)

Tolerance and susceptibility for plant under stress condition are complex events in which stresses may affect the multiple stage of plant development. (scielo.br)
These results confirm that PgNACs are potentially involved in regulating abiotic stress tolerance in pearl millet. (biomedcentral.com)

ATF-3 induces DNA synthesis and expression of cyclin D1 in hepatocytes [ 21 ] and is involved in serum-induced cell proliferation as a target gene of c-myc [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

In a breast cancer study, the methylation level of the OGG1 promoter was found to be negatively correlated with expression level of OGG1 messenger RNA. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression was examined by western blotting, and MMP‑2/‑9 activities were determined by gelatin zymography. (spandidos-publications.com)
Just think of them as being "stress chasers"…….small shots of stressors that are too small to kill you, but big enough to vaccinate you from getting killed from a 24-once glass stress, such as a heart attack, a stroke, a big dose of nuclear radiation or getting hit by a bus. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

The EIF2AK4 protein can turn on (activate) another protein called eIF2 alpha (eIF2α), which helps control protein production. (medlineplus.gov)
The transcription factors regulated by eIF2α control the activity of genes involved in processes that help reduce the stress on the cell. (medlineplus.gov)

Lcn2-R and Lcn2 expression were determined by qPCR, immunoblotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)

By affecting cartilage degeneration, synovitis, meniscal lesion, subchondral bone remodeling of osteoarthritis, bone remodeling and angiogenesis of osteoporosis, nucleus pulposus degeneration, annulus fibrosus rupture, cartilaginous endplate degeneration of IVDD, and sarcopenia, ER stress is involved in the pathogenesis of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. (bvsalud.org)
The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
But what you see here is a new model that's enabling researchers to explore something equally amazing: how a string of DNA that measures 6 feet long can be packed into the microscopic nucleus of a human cell. (nih.gov)

Anatomy18

Organisms11

Chemicals and Drugs119

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes78

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Binding protein3

Oxidative stress30

Pathways21

Proteins26

Mitogen-activa2

Apoptosis9

Arabidopsis6

Kinase7

Regulation10

Endoplasmic reticulum stress2

Abiotic stresses3

Signaling pathway4

IRE12

Cellular7

Regulatory14

Functional7

Phosphorylation4

Regulator4

Differentially3

MRNA4

Induce1

Specific genes3

Environmental stresses2

Epithelial-Mesenchyma1

Analyses4

MAPK1

Transcriptional4

Regulates1

Unfolded Protein1

Mitochondrial4

Cytokines4

Salinity stress2

Transcriptome4

Inflammatory genes2

Changes in gene expression2

Upregulation1

Tyrosine kinases1

Inflammation2

Cells21

Polymerase3

Drought4

Vivo2

Cadherin2

Differentiation1

Pathological2

Genome3

Chaperones1

Interferon2

Rice2

Receptor3

Enzyme1

Quantitative reverse1

Phosphorylates1

Regulate4

Tolerance2

Target gene1

Promoter1

Nuclear2

EIF22

Flow cytometry1

Nucleus3