Gene expression specific embryonic embryonic structures. Medical search. Frequent questions

The most well-known type of pluripotent stem cell is the embryonic stem cell. (wikipedia.org)
Patient-matched embryonic stem cell lines can now be derived using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (wikipedia.org)
They hypothesized that genes important to embryonic stem cell (ESC) function might be able to induce an embryonic state in adult cells. (wikipedia.org)
Among these is the isolation of the first line of murine stem cells [ 5 , 6 ] in 1981, followed by establishment of the first human embryonic stem cell lines by Thompson [ 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)
We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)
Scientists at Cambridge University who wanted to study early embryo development first derived embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines in the 1980s from cells inside the embryos of young mice. (sangerinstitute.blog)
In 2006, Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka established a new type of stem cell by introducing four genes, Oct4 , Sox2 , c-Myc and Klf4 (4F) into differentiated cells to make them become ESC-like cells. (sangerinstitute.blog)
This study aimed to determine the expression of renal stem cell marker CD133 in children of different ages and the regulatory effect of stem cell microenvironment. (bjbms.org)
False discovery rate-corrected p -values for the top 25 embryonic structure gene sets from the weighted global test on triazole gene expression data from the embryonic stem cell test, together with the effect seen in rat postimplantation Whole Embryo Culture (WEC). (biomedcentral.com)
We explore the method on three circuits for haematopoiesis and embryonic stem cell development for commitment and reprogramming scenarios and illustrate how the method can be used to determine sequential steps for onsets of external factors, essential for efficient reprogramming. (lu.se)
Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)

However, since the generation of embryonic stem cells involves destruction (or at least manipulation) of the pre-implantation stage embryo, there has been much controversy surrounding their use. (wikipedia.org)
While directing expression in a broad range of anatomical structures in the embryo, the majority of the 75 enhancers directed expression to various regions of the developing nervous system. (ox.ac.uk)
These studies provide genetic evidence for an essential function of a homeodomain protein in ß-catenin-mediated induction of the dorsal gastrula organizer and place boz at the top of a hierarchy of zygotic genes specifying the dorsal midline of a vertebrate embryo. (zfin.org)
Overexpression of either orthodenticle or the human OTX gene homologs in the wild-type embryo results in ectopic neural structures. (unibas.ch)
Of 4,496 genes with detectable expression in the embryo, 2,549 (57%) fall into 10 clusters representing broad expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
We describe the tissue specificity of gene expression at each stage range using selected terms from a controlled vocabulary (CV) for embryo anatomy [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hox genes encode crucial developmental regulators that specify segmental identities along the Antero-Posterior (A-P) body axis in the developing embryo of bilaterian species. (biorxiv.org)
To test the basis for defects in patterning, genes required for segment formation in the Drosophila embryo were examined. (sdbonline.org)
Spatial expression analysis of both genes revealed that Sof-RXR is expressed ubiquitously in all cells of the embryo, including the chondrocytes, whereas Sof-ALDH was expressed only in a sub-set of epithelial cells and no expression at the level of chondrocytes was observed. (europa.eu)
A) RT-PCR showing expression of cardiac fate marker myl7 , liver fate marker nr1h5 and control marker odc1 in Gata4 mRNA-injected ACs , control ACs and stage 33 sibling control embryo . (xenbase.org)
A) Injection of cer1 or hhex MOs (10 or 20 ng/ embryo , respectively) in AC have no effect on heart and liver marker expression in AC/AE conjugates. (xenbase.org)
The foxa gene is an integral component of the endoderm specification subcircuit of the endomesoderm gene regulatory network in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryo. (biologists.com)
The endomesoderm gene regulatory network (GRN) models the transcriptional control system defining vegetal specification of the sea urchin( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ) embryo during the first 30 hours of development. (biologists.com)

While each DNA blueprint, or gene, encodes for a different machine or structure, the genome, the collection of DNA wrapped up inside the nucleus, is much more active than a quiet library of neatly stacked blue-prints. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The Genome Structure Function section of the Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences investigates the fundamentals of the active information database that is our genome, in normal and disease states. (birmingham.ac.uk)
We are investigating the impact of specific classes of gene mutations, such as ATM, BRCA1, and MYBL2 on genome integrity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The Symposium Proceedings addresses 21st Century Genetics: Genes at Work, and provides a current synthesis of genetic mechanisms and genome/chromosome biology. (cshlpress.com)
Hence now it is feasible to assign specific enhancers to distinct promoters and to identify the ensemble of anchors associated with the folding pattern of the genome. (ca.gov)
Specifically, we found that approximately 700 genomic regions located throughout the genome showed differential nuclear positioning upon comparing iPS cells derived from human lymphoid cells to that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
These data indicate that the majority of the genome derived from that of human embryonic stem cells shows a similar pattern in chromatin folding as compared to that of iPS cells derived from human B cells but that they differ from each other in a subset of genomic regions. (ca.gov)
In this study, we made use of extreme evolutionary sequence conservation as a filter to identify putative gene regulatory elements, and characterized the in vivo enhancer activity of a large group of non-coding elements in the human genome that are conserved in human-pufferfish, Takifugu (Fugu) rubripes, or ultraconserved in human-mouse-rat. (ox.ac.uk)
We identified sequence signatures enriched in a subset of these elements that targeted forebrain expression, and used these features to rank all approximately 3,100 non-coding elements in the human genome that are conserved between human and Fugu. (ox.ac.uk)
These data dramatically expand the catalogue of human gene enhancers that have been characterized in vivo, and illustrate the utility of such training sets for a variety of biological applications, including decoding the regulatory vocabulary of the human genome. (ox.ac.uk)
We describe high resolution, genome-wide dynamic chromatin interaction maps in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as they differentiate into four distinct embryonic cell lineages. (nih.gov)
However, the range of gene expression patterns, the extent of the correlation of expression with function, and the classes of genes whose spatial expression are tightly regulated have been unclear due to the lack of an unbiased, genome-wide survey of gene expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
We determined and documented embryonic expression patterns for 6,003 (44%) of the 13,659 protein-coding genes identified in the Drosophila melanogaster genome with over 70,000 images and controlled vocabulary annotations. (biomedcentral.com)
The 3UTR sequences of genes had been screened from genome for potential microRNA goals. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
The existing reports suggest the life of a huge selection of microRNA genes within the vertebrate genome which control around 30% of mRNAs [19]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
These six genes efficiently reprogramme the genome to produce an error-free iPSC. (sangerinstitute.blog)
Also known as "jumping genes" for their ability to be expressed and then re-insert themselves at random into a different area of the genome, transposons are dangerous because they can cause damage to DNA and disrupt genetic function. (sciencedaily.com)
UMass Medical School has been awarded a five-year, $15 million grant from the National Institutes of Medicine Common Fund to establish the Center for 3D Structure and Physics of the Genome. (umassmed.edu)
The goal is to understand how 3D genome structure influences gene expression, cellular function, development and disease. (umassmed.edu)
With this new phase we want to understand how the various genes and regulatory elements that make up the genome talk to each other and collaborate together in real-time to influence biology and disease. (umassmed.edu)
To properly understand how the genome works to coordinate gene expression, it's necessary to understand how and why the genome is organized in space. (umassmed.edu)
Dr. Dekker is a pioneer in the study of the three-dimensional structure of the genome. (umassmed.edu)
Using chromosome conformation capture technologies in conjunction with advanced computational modeling and a range of imaging methods, the center will generate three-dimensional models of the human genome inside fibroblast cells during metaphase and interphase, as well as in embryonic stem cells in undifferentiated and differentiated states. (umassmed.edu)
With tools such as CRISPR/CAS9, researchers at the center will be able to label specific parts of the genome so that they can be visualized in the microscope, and they will be able to make changes to the DNA sequence so that the 3D folding can be perturbed in a highly targeted manner. (umassmed.edu)
With this we'll begin to understand which aspects of the 3D structure of the genome control gene function. (umassmed.edu)
It shows that a genomic region involved in controlling gene expression may influence a gene located far away on a linear genome, as long as the two regions abut in 3-D space 1 . (spectrumnews.org)
CMV shares many attributes with other herpes viruses, including genome, virion structure, and the ability to cause latent and persistent infections. (medscape.com)

Newswise - Scientists at New York University and the University of Chicago have created fruit flies carrying reconstructed ancient genes to reveal how ancient mutations drove major evolutionary changes in embryonic development-the impact of which we see today. (newswise.com)
The work, published in the journal eLife , found that two mutations that arose 140 million years ago changed the function of a critical developmental gene, which now regulates development of the head and other structures in virtually all species of present-day flies. (newswise.com)
By introducing individual mutations that happened in the deep past into the ancient genes, we were able to show precisely how each one affected development many millions of years ago," explains Stephen Small, an NYU biologist and one of the paper's senior authors. (newswise.com)
Scientists have long sought to understand how genetic mutations changed embryonic development to yield the diverse animal forms we see today. (newswise.com)
More than 280 mutations in the PAX6 gene have been found to cause aniridia, which is an absence of the colored part of the eye (the iris). (medlineplus.gov)
however, some disease-causing mutations occur in neighboring regions of DNA that normally regulate the expression of the PAX6 gene, known as regulatory regions. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in PAX6 gene regulatory regions reduce the expression of the PAX6 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
At least two mutations in the PAX6 gene have been found to cause Peters anomaly. (medlineplus.gov)
The PAX6 gene mutations that cause Peters anomaly can cause other related eye disorders in members of the same family. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the PAX6 gene can cause an eye problem called coloboma, in which there is a gap or split in one of the structures that make up the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
The mutations that cause this abnormality occur in one copy of the PAX6 gene in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in one copy of the PAX6 gene can cause microphthalmia, which describes eyes that are smaller than usual. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the PAX6 gene can cause a variety of eye problems. (medlineplus.gov)
We report that boz mutations disrupt the homeobox gene dharma. (zfin.org)
In a 2006 paper published in PNAS , the Trainor lab reported that mice with mutations in the Tcof1 gene also displayed severe facial deformities, mimicking the human condition. (stowers.org)
[ 2 , 3 , 4 ] A full list of the described mutations is available at the TBX5 Gene Mutation Database , an online locus-specific database that contains germline and somatic mutations of the TBX5 gene. (medscape.com)
Mutations of this gene introduce a premature stop codon and result in truncated protein versions. (medscape.com)
Accumulating evidence shows that tRNA expression and mutations are associated with various diseases such as neurological pathologies and cancer development3,4. (cdc.gov)

Here we report that 45% of these sequences functioned reproducibly as tissue-specific enhancers of gene expression at embryonic day 11.5. (ox.ac.uk)
Knowledge of the higher order chromatin structure is critical for understanding mechanisms of gene regulation by long-range control elements such as enhancers and insulators. (nih.gov)
The allelic gene expression patterns can be correlated to epigenetic state at distal enhancers, supporting the role of these elements in regulating gene expression over a distance. (nih.gov)
Transcription reprogramming during cell differentiation involves targeting enhancers to genes responsible for establishment of cell fates. (bvsalud.org)
About 65 percent of these so-called 'enhancers' interact primarily with distant genes. (spectrumnews.org)
Of the 2,672 genes the study identified as targets for enhancers, 40 percent are near the enhancers only in neurons. (spectrumnews.org)

Extensive reorganization of higher-order chromatin structure occurs during hESC differentiation. (nih.gov)
The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells is accompanied by large-scale changes in the coordinated expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors (TFs) and chemokines that are correlated with their survival, effector function, and self-renewal ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
To understand the contribution of CTCF-mediated chromatin organization to cell lineage commitment, we analyzed 3D chromatin architecture during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic islet organoids. (bvsalud.org)
These results suggest an important role for CTCF and cohesin in controlling gene expression during cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Cluster of differentiation (CD)24 and CD133 can also be expressed in the embryonic kidney [ 12 ]. (bjbms.org)
Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that rostro-caudal organization was already established at 24 h of differentiation, and that the first markers of a neural-specific transcription program emerged in the rostral cells at 48 h. (nature.com)
RA receptor (RAR)-gamma expression is essential for vertebrate chondrocyte differentiation. (europa.eu)
Our findings may have implications for research on liver differentiation from embryonic stem cells. (xenbase.org)
At this time I also began working with mouse and human embryonic stem cells resulting in the publication of some of the first papers describing the osteogenic differentiation of mouse ES and human cells in vitro and in vivo . (nottingham.ac.uk)

Their cell lineage-specific effects are governed by chromatin structure. (edu.au)
Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure has been shown to play a role in regulating gene transcription during biological transitions. (bvsalud.org)
The new study is the first to map chromatin structure in human brain tissue, the most relevant tissue for studying conditions such as autism and schizophrenia. (spectrumnews.org)

Fly embryos lacking active Bcd protein die very early because instead of forming a head they form tail structures at both ends. (newswise.com)
During embryonic development, the PAX6 protein is thought to turn on (activate) genes involved in the formation of the eyes, the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system), and the pancreas. (medlineplus.gov)
After birth, the PAX6 protein likely regulates the expression of various genes in many structures of the eyes. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, there is less PAX6 protein to regulate the activity of other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, the PAX6 protein is less able to control the activity of certain genes involved in eye development. (medlineplus.gov)
GenScript guarantees 100% sequence accuracy of all synthetic DNA constructs we deliver, but we do not guarantee protein expression in your experimental system. (genscript.com)
Protein expression is influenced by many factors that may vary between experiments or laboratories. (genscript.com)
The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
To reveal the effect of enzyme digestion into cell clumps on protein levels of octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4) and sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) in the human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and its possible molecular mechanism. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Effect of enzyme digestion into cell clumps on protein levels of OCT4 and SOX2 in human embryonic stem cells[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(4): 413-420. (shsmu.edu.cn)
The absence of genomic resources renders the search for paralogous cuttlefish genes dependent upon the presence of highly conserved protein motifs within genes of interest, thus we used a degenerate primer strategy to isolate partial coding sequence from the conserved domains specific to these families. (europa.eu)
Detailing how DNA loops around protein can reveal roles for genetic variants that fall outside of genes. (spectrumnews.org)
Jeong harnessed the expression pattern of a protein called Wnt1. (harvard.edu)
Our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure, molecular probes and drug design, system biology and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. (lu.se)
With the help of various forms of mass spectrometry, synchrotron radiation, protein production & labelling, and bioinformatics, our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure and dynamics, molecular probes and drug design. (lu.se)
In addition to infrastructures for bioimaging, protein and genes & cells, we also provide other resources e.g., databases, networks and specialized labs. (lu.se)

Furthermore, boz is essential for specification of dorsoanterior embryonic structures, including notochord, prechordal mesendoderm, floor plate and forebrain. (zfin.org)
In the mouse, targeted elimination of the homologous Otx2 or Otx1 genes causes defects in forebrain and/or midbrain development. (unibas.ch)

Significant progress has been made in identifying the genetic factors, if we take into consideration the hundreds of genes that studies have now linked to schizophrenia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To determine the morphogenetic properties and the extent of evolutionary conservation of the orthodenticle gene family in embryonic brain development, genetic rescue experiments were carried out in Drosophila. (unibas.ch)
Genetic and molecular analyses have led to a deep understanding of many embryonic processes in this animal [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the latter state, because the genetic material is accessible, it is can also be modified by various chemical groups (two common ones are methyl and acetyl) which tend to attach to the DNA at specific locations. (sciencedaily.com)
In parallel, his lab conducted a labor-intensive mouse genetic screen to discover novel genes required for normal neural crest activity. (stowers.org)
Once they've generated these 3D genomic models, Dekker's team will use gene editing techniques to biologically validate genetic functions linked to structure. (umassmed.edu)
The findings have big implications for interpreting the role of genetic variants located between genes. (spectrumnews.org)

The laboratories of NYU's Small and the University of Chicago's Thornton approached this problem in an innovative way: computationally inferring ancient gene sequences based on their modern descendants, chemically recreating the genes, and then putting them into fly embryos, thereby creating transgenic embryos-i.e., those inserted with a foreign gene-to follow their effects on development in the laboratory. (newswise.com)
Bicoid triggers the formation of structures at the head (anterior) end of embryos in the fruit fly, an important model organism because many aspects of its genetics and development are shared with humans and other animals. (newswise.com)
When introduced into fly embryos, this evolutionary mutant version of bicoid activated most of the genes involved in head development in their proper places, and the embryos formed recognizable, albeit incomplete, head structures instead of tail structures at the anterior end. (newswise.com)
Overexpression of boz in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer of boz mutant embryos is sufficient for normal development of the overlying blastoderm, revealing an involvement of extraembryonic structures in anterior patterning in fish similarly to murine embryos. (zfin.org)
The livers of 20 mule duck embryos were collected every 4 days from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12) until 4 days after hatching (D4), and gene expression analysis was performed. (biomedcentral.com)
Darnell et al in 2006, utilized high-throughput whole support in situ hybridization on 0.5 to 5 times old poultry embryos to map expression of 135 miRNA genes [27]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
the primary pair-rule genes even-skipped, hairy and runt , and the segment polarity genes wingless and engrailed were examined in embryos lacking germline and zygotic dri function. (sdbonline.org)
The most consistent effect on expression of the segmentation genes in the dri maternal and zygotic mutant embryos is a disruption to the expression of even-skipped ( eve ) stripe 4, observed in nearly all embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic dri product. (sdbonline.org)
The transcriptomic hallmarks of rostro-caudal organization recapitulated gene expression patterns of the early rostro-caudal neural plate in mouse embryos. (nature.com)
2011). We discovered that NEIs also exist naturally in wildtype zebrafish embryos, and in particular, form tubular structures that fully cross embryonic cell nuclei (Freifeld et al. (eventact.com)
AC/AE conjugates (sandwiches) were cultured until sibling control embryos reached st. 34 and were processed for myl7 expression (turquoise) and nr1h5 (purple) by WMISH. (xenbase.org)
The volumetric analysis of cellular expression patterns provides evidence for molecular mechanisms regulating the development of pre-implantation mouse embryos. (zeiss.com)
To determine which cells are expressing specific cellular markers and how these cells are organized relative to each other requires volumetric imaging of the pre-implantation embryos by confocal microscopy. (zeiss.com)

Initially documented by Papez (1937) and elaborated by MacLean (1949) , social cognition occurs through a complex neural network of interconnected structures, which includes areas in the ventromedial aspect of the temporal and frontal lobes, and their connections with the hypothalamus and brainstem. (frontiersin.org)
This neural network, dubbed the "limbic system" is centered around the amygdala, a small almond shaped structure located deep within the temporal lobe. (frontiersin.org)
As the scientific community accepted emotions such as fear, anxiety, reward, and attraction as a result of neural wiring in humans, other species including rodents were gradually accepted as possessing similar circuits and, therefore, similar emotions (see Figure 1 for comparison of human and rodent limbic system structures). (frontiersin.org)
Here, we model early human neural tube development using human embryonic stem cells cultured in a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
3D reconstitution of the patterned neural tube from embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Kulesa, the director of Imaging, develops sophisticated imaging technology to understand how neural crest cells travel long distances and assemble various structures, such as the peripheral nervous system. (stowers.org)
Neural crest cells spring from the crest or dorsal ridge of the embryonic brain and spinal cord and then migrate to faraway regions of the face, heart or gut. (stowers.org)
In 2008, Trainor's group reported in Nature Medicine that blocking a gene that promotes cell death, called p53 , allowed nascent neural crest cells in Tcof1 -mutant mice to survive, preventing manifestation of the animals' craniofacial defects. (stowers.org)
During embryogenesis, most structures in the face in fact come from one cell type, called neural crest cells," says graduate student Juhee Jeong, first author of the paper in the April 15 Genes & Development . (harvard.edu)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

Previous studies showed that renal stem cells can be directly induced into renal tubular epithelial cells to repair damaged tissue structures. (bjbms.org)

During embryonic development, the unique cellular phenotypes of the adult are established. (edu.au)
Our research presents the very first comprehensive summary of microRNA profiling during center advancement and prediction buy 852391-19-6 of feasible cardiac specific goals and includes a big potential in potential to build up microRNA structured therapeutics against cardiac pathologies where fetal gene re-expression is normally observed in adult center. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a branch of a functional network that is involved in a broad range of biological systems including stem cells, embryonic development and adult organs. (chemdiv.com)
My research interests focus mainly on stem cells (embryonic, 'adult' and fetal origins) and their applications in tissue engineering, particularly the osteoblast and bone tissue. (nottingham.ac.uk)
2005). Finally, negative revealed that SSEA4 is detectable in the early neuroepi- selection strategies have been also developed as an alter- thelium, and its expression decreases as development native method to enrich for NSCs from both adult proceeds. (lu.se)

Most of the changes had little or no effect on bicoid 's functions, but two of them together allowed bicoid to activate a completely new set of target genes. (newswise.com)
Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)
The map confirmed that variants known to control gene expression tend to lie close to their target genes in the 3-D structure. (spectrumnews.org)
The brain-specific target genes function in processes such as neuronal signaling and directing neuronal growth during development. (spectrumnews.org)

The iPSC technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka and Kazutoshi Takahashi in Kyoto, Japan, who together showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes (named Myc, Oct3/4, Sox2 and Klf4), collectively known as Yamanaka factors, encoding transcription factors could convert somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
While this combination is most conventional in producing iPSCs, each of the factors can be functionally replaced by related transcription factors, miRNAs, small molecules, or even non-related genes such as lineage specifiers. (wikipedia.org)
Hox genes encode transcription factors that specify segmental identities along the Antero-Posterior body axis. (biorxiv.org)
They have also identified key transcription factors that may code for specific features to form in the correct locations. (harvard.edu)
New findings from the lab of MCB department chair Andrew McMahon, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science, suggest that five members of the Fox family of transcription factors may work in different combinations to sculpt certain facial structures in mice. (harvard.edu)
From there, Jeong traced the sonic hedgehog signal to the Fox genes, a family of transcription factors that turn on other genes. (harvard.edu)
Consequent abnormal expression of the cardiac and limb-specific T-box transcription factors lead to the malformations described in HOS. (medscape.com)

During the past year we have identified the folding patterns of human embryonic stem cells to iPS cells derived from human B cells. (ca.gov)
Next the interactome of the iPS cells was determined and compared to that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
Using an ensemble of computational strategies we found that the majority of genomic regions in iPS cells derived from human B cells was indistinguishable from that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
We found that a large fraction of genes were differentially localized in human thymocytes derived from embryonic stem cells versus human myeloid cells. (ca.gov)
During the past three years we have identified the folding patterns of human embryonic stem cells to iPS cells derived from human B cells, differentiated progeny and mechanisms that orchestrate the folding patterns of genomes. (ca.gov)
The rescue of highly complex brain structures in Drosophila by either fly or human orthodenticle gene homologs indicates that these genes are interchangeable between vertebrates and invertebrates and provides further evidence for an evolutionarily conserved role of the orthodenticle gene family in brain development. (unibas.ch)
Human embryonic stem cells were successfully derived in 1998. (sangerinstitute.blog)
Used together with 4F, these genes can rapidly and efficiently reprogram both mouse and human cells to become iPSCs. (sangerinstitute.blog)
Activin A maintains pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in the absence of feeder layers[J]. Stem Cells, 2005, 23(4): 489-495. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Association studies have identified a number of loci that contribute to an increased body mass index (BMI), the strongest of which is in the first intron of the FTO gene on human chromosome 16q12.2. (biomedcentral.com)
More recently, in a 2013 PLoS Genetics study, they reported that mice lacking a gene called Foxc1 model a human congenital defect called syngnathia, in which children are born with fused upper and lower jawbones. (stowers.org)
For decades, researchers worked under the assumption that variants in noncoding regions control a gene closest to them, says lead investigator Daniel Geschwind , professor of neurology, psychiatry and human genetics at the University of California, Los Angeles. (spectrumnews.org)
Noninvasive detection and imaging of molecular markers in live cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells Biophysical Journal. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)
The T-box gene family is a group of related genes that play a critical role in human embryonic development. (medscape.com)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
Human cytokine array was used to identify specific cytokines secreted from CAFs. (cdc.gov)

Upon introduction of reprogramming factors, cells begin to form colonies that resemble pluripotent stem cells, which can be isolated based on their morphology, conditions that select for their growth, or through expression of surface markers or reporter genes. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequently, gain- and loss-of-function of MIR22HG experiments showed that the overexpression of MIR22HG suppressed the deposition of cartilage matrix proteoglycans and decreased the expression of cartilage-related markers (e.g. (bvsalud.org)
Examination of gene expression in st. 43 AC/AE explants by RT-PCR reveals expression of liver (fabp1), intestine (fabp2), pancreas (pdia2 and pdx1 , but not ins and amy2a), thyroid/lung (nkx2-1) as well as ventricular cardiomyocyte (myl3) markers. (xenbase.org)

To carry out these roles, the PAX genes provide instructions for making proteins that attach to specific areas of DNA and help control the activity (expression) of particular genes. (medlineplus.gov)
These genes are involved in T cell regulation, including interferons, interleukin (IL),tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as linker for activation of T cells (LAT), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and adapter proteins. (frontiersin.org)
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a structure comprised of a double membrane, pores and functional proteins, surrounding the nucleus of most eukaryotic cells. (eventact.com)
DNA folds around proteins to form a complex structure called chromatin. (spectrumnews.org)
Below is a non-exhaustive list of in-house infrastructures that are categorized into three overarching themes: bio-imaging, proteins, genes & cells and other resources. (lu.se)

Cell and tissue specific gene expression is a defining feature of embryonic development in multi-cellular organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
We investigate the relationship between expression clusters and known molecular and cellular-physiological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Within each of these categories, we identified clusters of genes associated with particular cellular and developmental functions. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression levels of 50 mRNAs were quantified for these 7 sampling points and classified into 4 major cellular pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
For the first time we described the kinetics of hepatic ontogenesis at mRNA level in mule ducks and highlighted different expression patterns depending on the cellular pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Since liver sampling was only possible from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12), we analyzed hepatic gene expression at 7 sampling points every 4 days from this point up to 4 days post-hatch (D4) and revealed different patterns of expression depending on the cellular pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The DNA in germ cells can exist in two dramatically different states: in one, it is very densely packed and essentially inaccessible to the cellular machinery that enables individual genes to be "expressed. (sciencedaily.com)
Embryonic precursors of liver and heart , whilst not sharing cellular origin, develop in close proximity through a dynamic series of inductive signaling events. (xenbase.org)

They also found that the contributing cell types are linked to particular structures and parts of the brain and may exert "distinct" effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Unbiased and reproducible cataloging of gene expression patterns in distinct cell types requires large numbers of cells. (nature.com)
The vertebrate lens has a distinct polarity and structure that are regulated by growth factors resident in the ocular media. (nih.gov)
These experiments show that the foxa gene is a component of three distinct embryonic gene regulatory networks. (biologists.com)
Hypothalamic expression of huntingtin causes distinct metabolic changes in Huntington's disease mice. (lu.se)

In vertebrates, bands of mobile cells fan out from the embryonic brain and spinal cord and then resettle in far-flung locales to form structures as diverse as bone or nerves. (stowers.org)

iPSCs are typically derived by introducing products of specific sets of pluripotency-associated genes, or "reprogramming factors", into a given cell type. (wikipedia.org)
The diverse cell types are genetically identical, but differ in their form and function due to differences in gene expression. (edu.au)
As a result of this deletion, affected individuals are missing one copy of the PAX6 gene in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
The focus of this recent study is on how cell types - which can be characterized by gene maps - relate to disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Single-cell transcriptomics is " transforming our understanding of biology " by allowing scientists to quantify levels of gene expression in single cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
For the new study, the researchers created gene expression maps for each cell type in the brain and compared them with the detailed list of the hundreds of schizophrenia-related genes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This helped them to identify the specific cell types that likely contribute most to the disorder, as well as those that are likely to contribute least. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The developmental progression of embryonic stem cells into specialist cell types involves the activation of lineage-specific programs of gene expression and the silencing of genes involved in maintaining pluripotency. (ca.gov)
Two biological replicates of Hi-C experiment and one replicate of CTCF ChIP-Seq experiment in embryonic stem cells and 4 other differentiated cell-types from H1 cell line. (nih.gov)
As a result of this condensation, the embryonic tooth germ begins to interact with surrounding cell layers in the jaw via specific messengers. (bionity.com)
The remaining 1,947 (43%) genes fall into 29 clusters representing restricted expression, 20% patterned as early as blastoderm, with the majority restricted to differentiated cell types, such as epithelia, nervous system, or muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze a wide range of genes involved in liver development, cell stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms throughout embryogenesis in mule ducks to better understand the ontogeny of pathways related to liver fattening. (biomedcentral.com)
The mark mRNAs were were enriched with genes linked to cell routine, apoptosis, signaling pathways, extracellular redecorating, metabolism, chromatin redecorating and transcriptional regulators. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
To dissect functional hierarchies, we compared chromatin organization in larvae and in cell lines, with a focus on the Abd-B gene. (biorxiv.org)
It has long been known that in plants, as the male germline pollen grains develop, they give rise to two sperm cells, and a structure called the vegetative nucleus, also known as the "nurse cell" because it provides energy and nourishment to the sperm cells. (sciencedaily.com)
HIF-1α could bind to the promoter region of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and PROM1 (CD133) to mediate their transcription and expression. (bjbms.org)
The shape it takes has a profound influence on which genes in a cell are turned on or turned off. (umassmed.edu)
The signaling pathways involved in initiating the EMT seem to primarily involve the Smad-dependent pathway, whereby TGFbeta binding to specific high affinity cell surface receptors activates the receptor-Smad/Smad4 complex. (nih.gov)
If its expression is reduced by a morpholino, more endomesoderm cells become pigment and other mesenchymal cell types, less gut is specified, and the larva has no mouth. (biologists.com)
Understanding how embryonic cells biomolecularly restrict their early developmental potential and promote specific cell commitment helps to provide key insights on cancer plasticity and could improve fertilization protocols. (zeiss.com)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)

Identifying the sequences that direct the spatial and temporal expression of genes and defining their function in vivo remains a significant challenge in the annotation of vertebrate genomes. (ox.ac.uk)
Data derived from cephalopod studies can be used to compare and contrast known mechanisms underlying the development of analogous vertebrate structures. (europa.eu)

Regulation of gene expression in time and space is a major driving force of this process. (biomedcentral.com)
the process that governs the early embryonic patterning of the Drosophila body plan is now the best understood example of a complex cascade of transcriptional regulation during development [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It is presumed that Dri, like Osa, which is a member of the Trithorax Group of genes implicated in the modification of chromatin structures required for epigenetic regulation (Vazquez, 1999), is acting to establish stable chromatin structures. (sdbonline.org)
Professor Dekker's work is at the cutting edge of connecting the structure of DNA with its function, one of the final frontiers in understanding gene regulation," said Terence R. Flotte, MD, the Celia and Isaac Haidak Professor of Medical Education , executive deputy chancellor, provost and dean of the School of Medicine. (umassmed.edu)

The scholarly research keep a huge potential in upcoming to build up microRNA structured therapeutics against cardiac pathologies, as fetal re-expression of cardiac genes is normally witnessed in amount of cardiac illnesses, leading factors behind mortality and morbidity worldwide [22C24]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

It can stimulate ESCs to differentiate into neuron cells, cardiac muscle cells and liver cells among others, by binding a retinoic acid receptor with a nuclear receptor known as retinoid X. This non-covalently bonded, two-factor structure (called a heterodimer) then binds to a specific DNA sequence to activate or repress gene expression. (sangerinstitute.blog)
What's more, regions of chromatin that turn on expression are near active genes, and those that repress expression are close to silenced genes. (spectrumnews.org)
Experiments in which blastomere transplantation is combined with foxa MASO treatment demonstrate that, in the normal endoderm, a crucial role of Foxa is to repress gcm expression in response to a Notch signal, and hence to repress mesodermal fate. (biologists.com)

We found," note the authors, "that the common-variant genomic results consistently mapped to pyramidal cells, medium spiny neurons (MSNs), and certain interneurons, but far less consistently to embryonic, progenitor, or glial cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Mutation in the Drosophila retained/dead ringer ( retn ) gene leads to female behavioral defects and alters a limited set of neurons in the CNS. (sdbonline.org)
Analysis of gene expression in single live neurons. (nature.com)
In paper №3, I also identify the specific mesDA population (A9) that is critical for functional recovery, with transplants that lack A9 neurons failing to improve motor recovery. (lu.se)

In Drosophila, mutational inactivation of the orthodenticle gene results in deletions in anterior parts of the embryonic brain and in defects in the ventral nerve cord. (unibas.ch)
There are several reasons for choosing Drosophila melanogaster as an organism for the global study of gene expression during embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
We have assembled an atlas of gene expression patterns during Drosophila embryogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
In Drosophila , the BX-C cluster contains the three most posterior Hox genes, where their collinear activation incorporates progressive replacement of histone modifications, reorganization of 3D chromatin architecture and sequential activation of boundary elements and cis -regulatory regions. (biorxiv.org)
Simultaneous work in the field of developmental biology and work with Drosophila has established the INT1 gene is a homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene [2]. (chemdiv.com)

The following Lrrc23 gene cDNA ORF clone sequences were retrieved from the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq). (genscript.com)
ORF sequences can be delivered in our standard vector, pcDNA3.1 + /C-(K)DYK or the vector of your choice as an expression/transfection-ready ORF clone. (genscript.com)
These different actions must depend on the combination of regulators acting on the respective position-specific cis-regulatory sequences. (sdbonline.org)

By combining the most advanced techniques from developmental biology and evolutionary genetics, we were able to dissect how molecular changes in an ancient gene fundamentally changed one of the most important - and otherwise conserved - processes in animal development," Small notes. (newswise.com)
These genes are organized in clusters, where their order corresponds to their activity along the body axis, an evolutionary conserved feature known as collinearity. (biorxiv.org)
Aside from the face's profound role in people's identity and relationships, head structures are also fascinating from an evolutionary point of view, McMahon says. (harvard.edu)

To identify the genes necessary for reprogramming, the researchers removed one factor at a time from the pool of twenty-four. (wikipedia.org)
The researchers focused on the evolution of a gene called bicoid . (newswise.com)
The approach adopted by researchers at TU Berlin for the natural growth of third teeth is as simple as it is ingenious: They remove dental pulp cells from the interior of an extracted tooth, which they then cultivate and de-differentiate in such a way as to produce an active embryonic tooth germ. (bionity.com)
He developed the chromosome conformation capture technologies, biochemical techniques for determining how DNA segments interact and are linked to one another, which are the heart of the "3C," "5C," "Hi-C" and "Micro-C" tools used by researchers worldwide to map the structure and organization of chromosomes inside cells. (umassmed.edu)
The researchers extracted DNA from three embryonic brains. (spectrumnews.org)
The researchers also looked at a set of 108 variants linked to schizophrenia, most of which do not land in genes. (spectrumnews.org)
For researchers in a developmental genetics laboratory, eliminating a gene has been an important step in learning what it does. (harvard.edu)
Below you can see some examples of the infrastructure for research on genes and cells, available for researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)

Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. (biomedcentral.com)
However some negative effects have also been observed (decrease in hatchability, slight decrease in quality of the final product) showing that a better understanding of the metabolism at the embryonic stage in ducks is needed. (biomedcentral.com)
The nuances of method-specific extramitochondrial metabolism must be scrutinized to properly qualify specific endpoints employed, particularly under the circumstances of metabolic reprogramming. (cdc.gov)

These findings were important since they provide new insights as to how such regulatory elements find each other with great speed, selectivity and specificity to induce lineage specific patterns of gene expression both in embryonic stem cells and differentiated progeny. (ca.gov)
The breakthrough of microRNAs and their controlled function in a variety of biological events have got therefore revealed brand-new insight into the complexities mixed up in gene regulatory network during advancement [16C17]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
The collinear activation of the Hox genes and their cis -regulatory elements is thought to rely on the progressive opening of the chromatin within the BX-C along the A-P axis. (biorxiv.org)
Furthermore, the FTO gene is located within a complex cis-regulatory landscape defined by a topologically associated domain that includes the IRXB gene cluster, a trio of developmental regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
gatae and otx genes provide input into the pregastrular regulatory system of foxa , and Foxa represses its own transcription,resulting in an oscillatory temporal expression profile. (biologists.com)

The PAX6 gene belongs to a family of genes that play a critical role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
Jeong began her project by asking if the versatile signaling molecule sonic hedgehog regulates growth and pattern formation of the face as it does in other developing organs and body structures. (harvard.edu)

Laboratory work has centered on the mechanisms of how cells acquire specific fates during growth and development, providing insights into normal and abnormal mechanisms of growth control. (stanford.edu)
Although our understanding of loop formation and maintenance is rapidly improving, much less is known about the mechanisms driving changes in looping and the impact of differential looping on gene transcription. (bvsalud.org)

Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) and embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) can be reprogrammed to become naïve pluripotent stem cells. (sangerinstitute.blog)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systemic search of gene expression profiles of multiple tissues in NSCLC was carried out to determine the expression intensities of traditional fibroblast biomarkers and CAF-secreted protumorigenic cytokines. (cdc.gov)

The fibroblasts were engineered so that any cells reactivating the ESC-specific gene, Fbx15, could be isolated using antibiotic selection. (wikipedia.org)
The members of the PAX gene family are also important for maintaining the normal function of certain cells after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)
An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. (mdpi.com)
In particular, it has remained unclear as to whether and how the 3D-structures of the ES cells differ from that of differentiated progeny and how such differences relate to function. (ca.gov)
In each of these diseases, genes that play a role in the proliferation or activation of CD8+ T cells have been found to be affected by epigenetic modifications. (frontiersin.org)
These cells condense and form a kind of embryonic tooth germ. (bionity.com)
Roland Lauster's team, however, sees a decisive competitive advantage in the method it has been pursuing: All other competing research groups use embryonic stem cells to produce embryonic tooth germs. (bionity.com)
A gene's expression pattern can be defined as a series of differential accumulations of its products in subsets of cells as development progresses. (biomedcentral.com)
During embryonic development in humans and other mammals, sperm and egg cells are essentially wiped clean of chemical modifications to DNA called epigenetic marks. (sciencedaily.com)
Germ cells don't even appear until the post-embryonic period -- sometimes not until many years later. (sciencedaily.com)
From these, Dekker and colleagues hope to uncover similarities between the genomic structures that point to general rules that govern how and why genomes fold in all cells. (umassmed.edu)
Orkin, S.H. Diversification of haematopoietic stem cells to specific lineages. (nature.com)
Nearly one-third of the genes are adjacent to the schizophrenia variants in embryonic brain tissue but not in stem cells or lung tissue. (spectrumnews.org)
Chimeric recombination experiments in which veg2, veg1 or ectoderm cells contained foxa MASO show which region of foxa expression controls each of the three functions. (biologists.com)
In the new mutant mice, a planted bacterial phage enzyme turns on with Wnt1, which excises a gene necessary for cells to respond to the hedgehog signal. (harvard.edu)
Other embryonic cells are unaffected. (harvard.edu)
We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)
Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are unique to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
However, several antigens with selective expression on the surface of tumor cells are not associated with the major histocompatibility complex and may be candidates for therapeutic targeting. (msdmanuals.com)

Bicoid serves as the "master regulator" of anterior development by turning on expression of a set genes that carry out head development and suppress tail development, and doing so only at the anterior end. (newswise.com)
But the bicoid gene does not even exist in other insects or more distantly related animals, which use other genes to control anterior development. (newswise.com)
The group then introduced into the precursor gene every mutation that happened during the ancient interval during which bicoid evolved its new role. (newswise.com)

MicroRNAs control appearance of genes through series specific targeting from the 3 untranslated parts of focus on mRNAs by either inhibiting translation or inducing mRNA degradation leading to translational repression and gene silencing [18]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
This is in contrast to (B), where injection of cer1 or hhex MOs in AE leads to downregulation of both cardiac and liver marker gene mRNA levels in conjugates. (xenbase.org)

The biology of schizophrenia is difficult to study, since hundreds of genes are implicated in the disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)

RNA in situ hybridization has the potential to reveal both spatial and temporal aspects of gene expression during development. (biomedcentral.com)
The complete spatio-temporal legislation of gene appearance was earlier thought to be controlled by a different group of transcription elements, chromatin regulators, and signalling substances [8C9]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

The finding underscores the importance of looking at tissue-specific chromatin maps. (spectrumnews.org)

What we did know," says Professor and HHMI-GBMF Investigator Rob Martienssen, Ph.D., of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), "was that epigenetic inheritance -- the inheritance by offspring of chemical "tags" present in parental DNA that modify the expression of genes -- is much more widespread in plants than in animals. (sciencedaily.com)

As a result of the persistent association with obesity in this region, the function of the nearest gene, FTO , has been under close scrutiny. (biomedcentral.com)
FTO is a ubiquitously expressed N 6-methyladenosine demethylase [ 13 ], yet there are conflicting data and models of how changes in FTO expression might affect function and phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
however no data has been collected regarding their expression or function. (europa.eu)

In D. melanogaster , the eight Hox genes are organized in two separate clusters on chromosome 3R: the Antennapedia cluster (ANT-C) and the Bithorax cluster (BX-C). The 350 kb BX-C contains the Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B genes, which specify the identity of the more posterior embryonic parasegments 5 to 14 (PS5 to PS14). (biorxiv.org)

They chose twenty-four genes previously identified as important in ESCs and used retroviruses to deliver these genes to mouse fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)

Despite its biological importance, transfer RNA (tRNA) could not be adequately sequenced by Author Manuscript standard methods due to abundant post-transcriptional modifications and stable structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis. (cdc.gov)
Significant obstacles for the sequencing of tRNA include the presence of numerous post-transcriptional modifications and its stable and extensive secondary structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis and adapter ligation. (cdc.gov)

The PAX6 gene is located in a region of chromosome 11 that is deleted in people with WAGR syndrome, which is a disorder that affects many body systems and is named for its main features: a childhood kidney cancer known as Wilms tumor , an eye problem called anirida, genitourinary anomalies, and intellectual disability (formerly referred to as mental retardation). (medlineplus.gov)
A loss of the PAX6 gene is associated with the characteristic eye features of WAGR syndrome, including aniridia, and may affect brain development. (medlineplus.gov)

If you were to implant this embryonic tooth germ into a patient, the idea goes, it would begin to communicate with the surrounding tissue, thus releasing the entire cascade of messengers and initiating the process of tooth development. (bionity.com)

Scientists believe that several factors may be involved, including interactions between genes and environment, such as problems during birth and exposure to viruses. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In both cases, formation of new CTCF loops leads to strengthening of enhancer promoter interactions and increased transcription of genes adjacent to loop anchors. (bvsalud.org)

Relative levels of gene expression throughout development were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and in cases where sufficient specific gene sequence was acquired, ribonucleic acid (RNA) probes were generated to evaluate the spatial expression patterns during the period of organogenesis. (europa.eu)

A unique feature of Hox genes in most species is that they are organized in clusters, with their relative genomic position corresponding to their order of expression along the A-P axis ( McGinnis and Krumlauf, 1992 ). (biorxiv.org)
Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that chromatin architectures play a role in regulating gene expression levels across topological domains while our targeted sequence approach represents a widely applicable methodology for high-resolution analysis of regional variation across candidate genomic loci. (biomedcentral.com)

Individual expression patterns are extraordinarily diverse, but by supplementing qualitative in situ hybridization data with quantitative microarray time-course data using a hybrid clustering strategy, we identify groups of genes with similar expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutant huntingtin expression in the hypothalamus promotes ventral striatal neuropathology. (lu.se)

We demonstrate that the zebrafish bozozok (boz) locus is required at the blastula stages for formation of the embryonic shield, the equivalent of the gastrula organizer and expression of multiple organizer-specific genes. (zfin.org)
However, following gastrulation, dri expression becomes exquisitely tissue and stage specific (Gregory, 1996), raising the possibility that it may specify spatial-specific expression at later stages of development. (sdbonline.org)

Anatomy28

Organisms16

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs69

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes101

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science8

Health Care3

Stem cell12

Embryo13

Genome27

Mutations18

Enhancers6

Differentiation9

Chromatin structure3

Protein16

Forebrain2

Genetic7

Embryos13

Neural10

Epithelial cells1

Adult5

Target genes4

Transcription factors7

Human19

Markers3

Proteins5

Cellular8

Distinct5

Brain and spinal cord1

Cell21

Vertebrate2

Regulation4

Fetal1

Repress3

Neurons4

Drosophila5

Sequences3

Evolutionary3

Researchers8

Metabolism3

Regulatory5

Organs2

Mechanisms2

Fibroblast2

Cells20

Bicoid3

MRNA2

Schizophrenia1

Temporal2

Tissue-specific1

Epigenetic1

Function3

Posterior1

Fibroblasts1

Transcriptional2

PAX62

Germ1

Interactions2

Spatial expression1

Genomic2

Situ Hybridization1

Promotes1

Stages2