• RafK carries a C-terminal regulatory domain present in a subset of ATP-binding proteins that has been involved in both direct regulation of transporter activity (inducer exclusion) and transcription of transporter genes. (lu.se)
  • In molecular biology, bacterial DNA binding proteins are a family of small, usually basic proteins of about 90 residues that bind DNA and are known as histone-like proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since bacterial binding proteins have a diversity of functions, it has been difficult to develop a common function for all of them. (wikipedia.org)
  • in these processes, bacterial DNA binding proteins have an architectural role, maintaining structural integrity as transcription, recombination, replication, or any other DNA-dependent process proceeds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon further investigation, it was discovered that the amino acid composition of HU resembles that of eukaryotic histones, thus prompting further research into the exact function of bacterial DNA binding proteins and discoveries of other related proteins in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initially, bacterial DNA binding proteins were thought to help stabilize bacterial DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently, many more functions of bacteria DNA binding proteins have been discovered, including the regulation of gene expression by histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein, H-NS. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression profiles were acquired using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for 737 protein spots, in which 640 proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. (nih.gov)
  • 3) Proteins whose expression was affected mainly by the growth condition. (nih.gov)
  • Regulation of gene expression by proteins and small RNAs. (otago.ac.nz)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • understand the theoretical basis for laboratory work (cloning, recombinant expression of proteins, protein purification, etc. (tum.de)
  • These thermosensors are part of a regulatory network, such as the production of heat shock proteins mediated by sigma factor 32 (RpoH) in Escherichia coli or the transcriptional repressor of heat-shock genes HrcA in Bacillus subtilis (Hecker et al. (springer.com)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)
  • The course comprises molecular biology of genes, proteins, multicomponent protein complexes, and other biomolecules that provide structure and perform the organism's functions. (lu.se)
  • H-NS is about 15.6 kDa and assists in the regulation of bacterial transcription in bacteria by repressing and activating certain genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • MICR 335 will provide a fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms that bacteria use to sense their environment and adapt their gene expression to optimise their growth and survival. (otago.ac.nz)
  • This module provides an up to date understanding of how fundamental research in bacterial cell biology helps to elucidate central biological questions such as the control and regulation of cell division and of gene expression in bacteria. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The objective being to give an overview of the methods used in the discovery of molecular mechanisms used by model bacteria and the application of this in understanding the basic processes involved in bacterial growth and development in terms of regulation and biological function. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Consequently, bacteria have developed different systems to sense changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and induce an adaptation of metabolism and gene expression. (springer.com)
  • The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)
  • Lecture: developing chemical fundaments of genetics (DNA, RNA), bacterial genetics, gene expression and regulation, pecularities of eukaryotic organisms. (tum.de)
  • So, if you are a Master's student looking for a challenging but also rewarding research project, who is interested in bacterial genetics, we encourage you to apply to our project. (lu.se)
  • The creation and isolation of specific mutants is a cornerstone of bacterial genetics. (lu.se)
  • 2012. Regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression by nutrients and by-products of microbial metabolism. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Our approach is evaluated on time series expression data measured in response to physiological changes that affect tryptophan metabolism in E. coli. (duke.edu)
  • Dr. Switzer, whose career at the University of Illinois spanned forty years, studied the regulation of bacterial metabolism by allosteric enzymes, the control of enzyme degradation and novel mechanisms for the regulation of gene expression, with an emphasis on transcriptional attenuation. (illinois.edu)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by the host environment. (jci.org)
  • Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • 5) in 1978 put forth a the- on exposed surfaces led to studies that revealed surface-associ- ory of biofilms that explained the mechanisms whereby micro- ated microorganisms (biofilms) exhibited a distinct phenotype organisms adhere to living and nonliving materials and the with respect to gene transcription and growth rate. (cdc.gov)
  • Regulatory mechanisms for chromosomal genes encoding multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps (EPs) in Staphylococcus aureus are poorly defined. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Key aspects include the organization of the bacterial genome, the transcription and translation machinery, mechanisms of regulation of gene expression, transport of small molecules and macromolecules, cell division and differentiation, bacterial motility and chemotaxis, signal transduction and bacterial communication mechanisms. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • There will be involved gene engineering and molecular biology methods such as PCR, SDS-PAGE, qPCR, western blot, DNA-protein interaction assays, flow cytometry etc. (lu.se)
  • two protein structures were solved, and insights into their regulation and biological roles were gained through gene expression analysis and enzymatic assays on complex biomass. (proteopedia.org)
  • We also present a novel way of combining prior biological knowledge and current observations to improve the quality of analysis and to model interactions between sets of genes rather than individual genes. (duke.edu)
  • Like RafK, the presence of DLDH also activated the expression of raf operon genes, as DLDH-negative pneumococci showed a significantly decreased expression of aga and rafEFG, but DLDH did not regulate rafK or the putative regulatory genes rafR and rafS. (lu.se)
  • These findings demonstrate that BP regulatory gene(s) exist within the differential chromosome segment trapped in the SHR-Lx congenic strain and that this region of chromosome 8 plays a major role in the hypertension of SHR vs. BN-Lx rats. (jci.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Modelling regulatory pathways in E. coli from time series expression profiles. (duke.edu)
  • However, to benefit from these genetic acquisitions, the bacterium must integrate the expression of these new genes into existing regulatory nodes and deploy them at the right time. (mcmaster.ca)
  • By identifying genes that have undergone regulatory evolution, a deeper understanding of the arms race between host and pathogen is gained. (mcmaster.ca)
  • We conclude that CinS mediates quorum-sensing regulation because it is coregulated with an AHL synthase and demonstrate that its regulatory effects can occur in the absence of AHLs. (uba.ar)
  • Optimizing the parameters of the regulatory system allows us to quantify the fitness benefit of regulation. (lu.se)
  • INTRODUCTION broken, which in realistic situations can severly constrain the Transcriptional regulation of effector genes is a highly successful regulatory options. (lu.se)
  • In unicellular organisms like E. coli and yeast, the benefits of between potential cost and benefit, regulation can make the most a well-adapted regulatory system are readily quantified, as the difference to the long-term growth rate if the resource in question fitness of an individual can be estimated by its growth rate in is only available a similarly small fraction of the time. (lu.se)
  • Over evolutionary time scales, regulation must provide a fitness benefit that offsets the costs of maintaining the regulatory system. (lu.se)
  • Under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) regulations, laboratory testing is categorized on the basis of the level of testing complexity as either waived (i.e., from routine regulatory oversight) or nonwaived testing (which includes tests of moderate and high complexity). (cdc.gov)
  • Microbiological, quantitative gene expression, mRNA half-life and genome data for 11 strains of S. aureus combined with bioinformatic analyses were used to identify correlates of increased MDR EP gene expression. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Horizontal gene transfer plays a major role in microbial evolution by innovating the bacterial genome with new genetic blueprints to adapt to previously unexploited niches. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Pneumococci lacking RafK showed a 50- to 80-fold reduction in expression of the raf operon genes aga (alpha-galactosidase) and rafEFG (raffinose substrate binding and permease genes), and both glucose and sucrose inhibited raffinose uptake through inducer exclusion. (lu.se)
  • In the case of the lac operon of E. coli, a well-studied system for whether a gene is regulated. (lu.se)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • While previous studies have characterized bacterial growth physiology at steady-state, a quantitative understanding of bacterial physiology in time-varying environments is lacking. (nature.com)
  • To understand the dynamics of bacterial growth physiology and size control in dynamic nutrient environments, we have developed a coarse-grained proteome sector model which connects gene expression to growth rate and division control, and accurately predicts the cell-level E. coli response to nutrient perturbations in both exponential and stationary phase seen in experimental data 5 , 25 . (nature.com)
  • Thus, our work demonstrates that APA links genetic variation to variation in gene expression, protein expression, and disease risk, and reveals uncharted modes of genetic regulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • mutations in cinI, cinR, cinS, and expR all reduced expression of plyB, encoding an EPS glycanase, and mutation of plyB abolished the effect of cloned cinS on colony morphology. (uba.ar)
  • Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. (proteopedia.org)
  • Arnling Baath J, Mazurkewich S, Knudsen RM, Poulsen JN, Olsson L, Lo Leggio L, Larsbrink J. Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. (proteopedia.org)
  • By testing pntAB and udhA GFP reporter constructs in the background of WT E. coli and 62 transcription factor mutants during growth on different carbon sources, we show distinct transcriptional regulation of the two transhydrogenase promoters. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • fusion gene was constructed, with the clpQ + Y + promoter fused to a lacZ reporter gene. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • The lab is also beginning to study interspecies interactions between different fungal and bacterial species. (ucmerced.edu)
  • Variations in transcriptional responses of CE15-encoding genes under different growth conditions suggest nonredundant functions for enzymes found in species with multiple CE15 genes and further illuminate the importance of GEs in native lignin-carbohydrate disassembly. (proteopedia.org)
  • Our group is interested in the research of clinically relevant bacterial species that mainly cause upper and lower airway infections and their interactions with the host. (lu.se)
  • Current estimates of the number of bacterial species range from 1 to 1000 million. (lu.se)
  • In 1952, Colonel Ogden Bruton noted the absence of immunoglobulins (Ig) in a boy with a history of pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections. (medscape.com)
  • As Bruton originally described, XLA manifests as pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections in 80% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • HU is a small (10 kDa) bacterial DNA-binding protein, which structurally differs from a eukaryotic histone but functionally acts similarly to a histone by inducing negative supercoiling into circular DNA with the assistance of topoisomerase. (wikipedia.org)
  • R-M systems are widely spread among prokaryotes: they have been found or predicted with computational methods in the vast majority of bacterial and archaeal genomes [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (lookformedical.com)
  • Pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial (mt) tRNA genes that compromise oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibit heteroplasmy and cause a range of multisyndromic conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we investigated PntAB and UdhA regulation by studying transcriptional responses to environmental and genetic perturbations. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The possible roles of molecular hydrogen, a common by-product of bacterial fermentation, are also addressed. (techscience.com)
  • In particular, soluble fiber may be important in and 48 mo from 3358 children from the United States and Germany this respect, because it is converted to the short-chain fatty acids prospectively followed in the TEDDY (The Environmental Deter- acetate, propionate, and butyrate by bacterial fermentation in the minants of Diabetes in the Young) study. (lu.se)
  • Conclusions: Bacterial GEs exhibit much larger diversity than fungal counterparts. (proteopedia.org)
  • There is much to gain from uncovering the genetic diversity in noncoding DNA that is selective during host infection because of the beneficial effect it has on bacterial gene expression. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Laboratories that perform biochemical genetic testing are required by CLIA regulations to meet the general quality systems requirements for nonwaived testing and the personnel requirements for high-complexity testing. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, arrest peptides are used for metabolite-dependent gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • The lecture sequence will comprise of a module introduction followed by lectures on specific aspects of bacterial cell biology. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • New Facets in Mycobacterium and Malaria parasite biology, Regulation of gene expression. (infinitecourses.com)
  • There, he chose to tackle what was, at the time, a little-known form of translational control: the regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by the nascent polypeptide. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Microbiological and gene expression data correlated in four instances, existing knowledge of the substrate specificity of NorC resulted in correlation in two others, and a transcriptional/translational disconnect is possible for the remaining two. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • It has been commonly held view that translation initiation in human mitochondria proceeded in a manner similar to bacterial systems, with the mitoribosomal small subunit bound to the initiation factors, mtIF2 and mtIF3, along with initiator tRNA and an mRNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • These observations suggest genetic variants can decrease mRNA expression levels by increasing usage of intronic PAS. (elifesciences.org)
  • We also identified 24 apaQTLs associated with protein levels, but not mRNA expression. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this study, we significantly expanded the existing knowledge on CE15 with the in-depth characterization of ten bacterial GEs broadly spanning the phylogenetic tree, and also presented two novel enzyme structures. (proteopedia.org)
  • Enzyme kinetics including its regulation and inhibition, Vitamins and Coenzymes. (entrance-exam.net)
  • The bacterial GEs were able to utilize substrates lacking 4-OH methyl substitutions, known to be important for fungal enzymes. (proteopedia.org)
  • A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mutations can occur in any area of the gene. (medscape.com)
  • Murine gene mutations in human counterparts may be associated with a clinical illness different from the illness seen in mice. (medscape.com)
  • All isolates expressing the mefA gene displayed the M phenotype whilst all those expressing ermB displayed the constitutive macrolide resistance (cMLS(B)) phenotype. (lenus.ie)
  • Of 19 isolates that expressed the ermTR gene, 16 displayed the inducible macrolide resistance (iMLS(B)) phenotype. (lenus.ie)
  • op), a transcriptional fusion gene, was used to form lysogens in the wild-type, rpoH or/and rpoS mutants. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Since raiR (and rail) expression is also reduced in cinI and cinR quorum-sensing mutants, we thought CinI-made AHLs may activate ExpR to induce raiR. (uba.ar)
  • The reduced raiR expression in cinI and cinR mutants was due to lack of expression of cinS immediately downstream of cinI. (uba.ar)
  • Increasing gene dosage greatly enhances recombinant expression of aquaporins in Pichia pastoris. (lu.se)
  • It will also look at aspects of the interaction of bacterial spp. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Despite their physiological relevance, we have only fragmented information on their regulation and the signals coordinating their counteracting activities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down-regulation of specific genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Heukelekian and genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • Her lab is interested in investigating how transcriptional networks underlie the regulation of gene expression during biofilm development. (ucmerced.edu)
  • Citation: Troein C, Ahre´n D, Krogh M, Peterson C (2007) Is Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic Pathways an Optimal Strategy for Fitness? (lu.se)
  • Theories of evolution and forces which affect gene frequencies. (charlotte.edu)