Gene expression programs apoptotic programmed cell cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
After irradiation, the expression of DDR-related genes and proteins in ΔNp63α-expressing and control cells was analysed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. (researchsquare.com)
A proteomic workflow was used to identify proteins in two HER2 positive tumorigenic cell lines (BT474 and SKBR3) that were differentially expressed relative to a normal human mammary epithelial cell line (184A1). (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway inference tools were used to interpret these proteins in terms of functionally enriched pathways in the tumor cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
EGCG interacts with important cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as cyclins D1 and E and their cyclin-dependent kinases 2,4 and 6. (lumminary.com)
The process of systemically destroying damaged cell is called apoptosis and is signaled for and controlled by apoptotic proteins. (lumminary.com)
EGCG has also been shown to interact with apoptotic proteins such as Caspase 3, 7 and 8. (lumminary.com)
Here we show that small-molecules, which inhibit cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2i), induced the premature death of cells infected with different RNA or DNA viruses, whereas, at the same concentrations, no toxicity was observed in mock-infected cells. (doctortarget.com)
Subsequently, by using independent RNAi/ dominant negative forms, it was shown that Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) is essential for male fertility due to its requirement in the normal development of accessory glands in Drosophila: EcR depleted glands fail to make seminal proteins and have dying cells. (sdbonline.org)
Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)

The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a mechanism that protects cells against radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
On the other hand, both the ectopic and entopic expression of ΔNp63α in apoptosis-sensitive hiPSCs reduced the expression levels of BAX after irradiation and significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells induced by radiation. (researchsquare.com)
Ionizing radiation is well known to induce oxidative DNA damage, such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and consequently trigger the DNA damage response (DDR), including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
We observed "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were both enriched in the two breast cancer models while "IGF signaling" and "cell motility" pathways were enriched in BT474 and "amino acid metabolism" were enriched in the SKBR3 cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
While "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were common to both the cell lines, the observed patterns of protein expression suggest that the evasion of apoptosis in each tumorigenic cell line occurs via different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
Therefore, the current study used integrated in vitro and in silico approaches to figure out Amy and Sor's possible synergistic activity in targeting AMPK/mTOR and BCL-2 for anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis cell death in HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A substantial synergistic interaction between Amy and Sor was observed (CI 50 = 0.56), which was connected to cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M stages and increased apoptosis and potential necroptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
This inhibition of AMPK ultimately leads to inhibition of mTOR and thus induces apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Androgen deprivation therapy induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. (oncotarget.com)
Using constructs downregulating or overexpressing MCL1 we demonstrate that expression of MCL1 prevents induction of apoptosis when PCa cells are grown under steroid-deprived conditions. (oncotarget.com)
The BH3-mimetic Obatoclax induces apoptosis and decreases MCL1 expression in androgen-sensitive PCa cells, while castration-resistant PCa cells are less sensitive and react with an upregulation of MCL1 expression. (oncotarget.com)
Lab studies have also demonstrated that quercetin is a strong antioxidant and supports cellular apoptosis (programmed cell death) effects on tumor cells. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Surprisingly, Bcl-2i also induced the premature apoptosis of cells transfected with viral RNA or plasmid DNA but not of mock-transfected cells. (doctortarget.com)
These results suggest that Bcl-2i sensitizes cells containing foreign RNA or DNA to apoptosis. (doctortarget.com)
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 7a protein, which is not expressed by other known coronaviruses, can induce apoptosis in various cell lines. (doctortarget.com)
We hypothesized that SARS-CoV encodes a small envelope E protein that is homologous with MHV E protein, thus inducing T-cell apoptosis. (doctortarget.com)
Our results showed that SARS-CoV E protein induced apoptosis in the transfected Jurkat T-cells, which was amplified to higher apoptosis rates in the absence of growth factors. (doctortarget.com)
These results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel molecular mechanism of T-cell apoptosis that contributes to the SARS-CoV-induced lymphopenia observed in most SARS patients. (doctortarget.com)
Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
Our study suggests that TFs can decrease cell apoptosis, which may be mediated by altering the expression of miR-21, PTEN/Akt, and Bcl/Bax. (hindawi.com)
In murine cardiomyocytes miR-21 was found to protect from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell apoptosis via regulation of its target gene PDCD4 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our study revealed that Ang II influences EC cells in terms of cancer-related processes, and is responsible for increased proliferation, reduction in apoptosis, increased mobility and modulation of adhesion potential. (spandidos-publications.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)

Amy and Sor cotreatment resulted in the highest glutathione levels and induction of pro-autophagic genes AMPK, HGMB1, ATG5, Beclin 1, and LC3, suppressed the mTOR and BCL2 anti-apoptotic gene. (biomedcentral.com)

The objectives of this study were to quantify alterations in protein expression in two HER2+ cellular models of breast cancer and to infer differentially regulated signaling pathways in these models associated with the hallmarks of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
EGCG is especially important and active in many essential cellular pathways including the cell cycle. (lumminary.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
It promotes the loss of cancer cell viability and supports autophagy (cellular recycling of discarded parts) through several pathways including those linked to mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Future investigations of miR-34 targets that regulate the expression of EcR-B1 in MB γ neurons are warranted to elucidate pathways that regulate axon pruning, and to provide insight into mechanisms that control large-scale axon degeneration in the nervous system. (sdbonline.org)

In the near future, novel chemo-/gene-therapies might be applied to treat cancer patient converting cancerous cells into normal differentiated cells. (intechopen.com)
Analysis of MCL1 protein and mRNA expression in PCa tissue and primary cell culture specimens of luminal and basal origin, respectively, reveals higher expression in cancerous tissue compared to benign origin. (oncotarget.com)
A paper published in Nutrition Research in August 2022 analyzed the senolytic/apoptotic effect on aging and cancerous cells. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
AgNPs are utilized for treating different types of cancerous cells due to their extraordinary biomedical features (anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-angiogenic properties) as well as surface-specific characteristics (Burdușel et al. (springeropen.com)
Its effect and effectiveness appear to be highly connected with the differentiation status of the cancerous cells, as Ang II appears to play a crucial role in the early and late stages of malignant transformation. (spandidos-publications.com)

Gene microarray platforms provide tremendous breadth in surveying the gene expression landscape within a cellular system. (biomedcentral.com)
Using PCa cellular models in vitro and in vivo we show that MCL1 expression is upregulated in androgen-deprived PCa cells. (oncotarget.com)
Cellular senescence is a dynamic and multi-step process that is associated with alterations in metabolic activity and gene expression. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Further, this study elucidated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of nanoparticles for anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on human lung cancer cells (A549) and compared them with commercial drug cisplatin. (springeropen.com)

However, relating gene expression with the specific role that the corresponding protein plays in a signaling pathway is complicated by post-transcriptional control of protein expression [ 8 ] and tight regulation of protein activity [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation of MCL1 through the AR signaling axis is indirectly mediated via a cell cycle-dependent mechanism. (oncotarget.com)
Up-regulation of caspase 3,9 and p53, Annexin V-FITC/PI, DAPI staining, and ROS production indicated the remarkable apoptotic effect of AgNPs compared to cisplatin. (springeropen.com)
Gene regulation by steroid hormones plays important roles in health and disease. (sdbonline.org)

Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)

We will then describe that resulting from engulfment and degradation of apoptotic cargo, phagocytes undergo an epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic rewiring that leads to trained immunity, and discuss its relevance for microglia and brain function. (frontiersin.org)
In cells stimulated to undergo ferroptosis we identified PE-truncated species with sn-2 truncations ranging from 5 to 9 carbons. (cdc.gov)

The ISL IVR was found to be safe and well tolerated in the macaques with no observed mucosal cytokine changes or alterations in peripheral CD4 T-cell populations. (cdc.gov)

Damaged cells get earmarked for degradation so that they do not accidentally multiplied through cell division. (lumminary.com)

Researchers identified the antioxidant's ability to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines and to clinically block human mast cell cytokine release as an important property in the fight against severe COVID-19. (angiesoptiongrm.org)

Their non-cytotoxicity can be assigned to their ability to arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase (Annu et al. (springeropen.com)

To test this hypothesis, a cDNA encoding SARS-CoV E protein was created using whole gene synthesis. (doctortarget.com)
To test this hypothesis, we attempted to investigate whether TFs can exert its cardioprotective effect and the effects of TFs on miR-21 in H9c2 cells. (hindawi.com)
We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)

To elucidate the role of the p53-repressive effect of ΔNp63α in radiation response, we performed a p63-siRNA knockdown experiment using human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) expressing ΔNp63α and then performed ectopic and entopic expression experiments using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). (researchsquare.com)
2016 ). This study was conducted to analyze the anticancer effects of green-synthesized AgNPs using Juniperus polycarpos on A549 (adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells) cell lines, as well as comparing it with Cisplatin commercial drug. (springeropen.com)

Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)

2018 ). It was also confirmed that AgNPs synthesized by the Juniperus chinensis leaf showed the potent anticancer effect on the human adenocarcinoma gastric (AGS) cell lines (Al-Dhafri and Ching 2019 ). (springeropen.com)
Chrysin regulated miR-18a, miR-21, and miR-221 genes in gastric cancer cell line [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)

Sorafenib (Sor) can block receptor tyrosine kinases, which are involved in the development of new blood vessels, as well as cell proliferation as a result [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, the results revealed that the green-synthetized AgNPs had anti-metastasis and anti-proliferation effects on lung cancer cells in comparison to cisplatin with lower side effects on the normal cell line. (springeropen.com)
miRNAs have been implicated as transcriptional regulators in a wide range of biological processes determining cell fate, stress response, proliferation, or death [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
We also showed that dose-dependent induction of proliferation was connected with changes in the expression of MKI67, CCND1 and CCNE1 genes in well- and poorly differentiated cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, various biologically active peptides such as angiotensin, affecting cell proliferation, have become a new area of study in endometrial cancer research. (spandidos-publications.com)
Recently, a number of studies have shown that Ang II plays an important role in proliferation, invasiveness and migration of tumour cells, alteration of expression of cancer-related genes, as well as in physiological tissue remodelling. (spandidos-publications.com)

TP63 is a member of the tumour suppressor TP53 gene family, and ΔNp63α, a TP63 splicing variant, is constitutively expressed in the stem cell-containing basal layer of stratified epithelial tissues, including the mammary gland, where it plays a critical role in stemness and tissue development. (researchsquare.com)

Cancer cells exhibit a number of common traits that differentiate themselves from normal cells, including sustained proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and evading growth suppressors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Acquiring one of the hallmarks of cancer is associated with activating/deactivating particular genes, called oncogenes/tumor suppressors. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the ability of HPV-infected cells to resist apoptotic signals renders such therapies ineffective. (mdpi.com)

It exerts remarkable protective properties supporting normal cells during both of these carcinogenic treatments. (angiesoptiongrm.org)

The mRNA/protein expression levels of BAX and p21 were significantly increased in p63-siRNA-treated HMECs (sip63) after X-ray irradiation (4 Gy, 0.7 Gy/min) but not in scramble-siRNA treated HMECs (scr). (researchsquare.com)
In contrast to genomic-based assays, proteomics provides an attractive platform to profile this regulatory layer of protein activity and differences in the level of protein expression [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

H9c2 cells pretreated with TFs for 24h were exposed to H/R treatment. (hindawi.com)
The protective effects of TFs resulted in higher expression of miR-21 in H/R-induced H9c2 cells than that of controls, which in turn upregulated Akt signaling activity via suppressing the expression of PTEN together with decreasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase3, and cleaved-caspase3 expression in H/R-induced H9c2 cells. (hindawi.com)

Cell cycle analysis and downregulation of cyclin D1 indicated cancer cell cessation in the G0/G1 phase. (springeropen.com)

This p53-repressive activity may cause genomic instability in epithelial stem cells exposed to radiation. (researchsquare.com)
Taken together, these results indicate that ΔNp63α represses p53-related radiation-induced DDR, thereby potentially causing genomic instability in epithelial stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
The DNA guardian protein p53 plays the most important role in DDR: it promotes DNA repair and the elimination of cells that are unable to repair the damage caused by oxidative stresses, including radiation. (researchsquare.com)

Transcriptomic analysis showed decreased RNA expression of cell cycle-related genes and increased expression of programmed cell death-related genes in sip63 cells compared to scr cells. (researchsquare.com)
Senolytic agents are used to induce the death of senescent cells. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death, that is triggered by the discoordination of iron, lipids, and thiols. (cdc.gov)
Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)

These effects of honey have been thoroughly investigated in certain cancers such as breast, liver and colorectal cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
Conversely, blocking miR-21 expression with miR-21 inhibitor effectively suppressed the protective effects of TFs against H/R-induced injury. (hindawi.com)

All cell culture reagents were obtained from Gibco ® by Life Technologies™ (Warsaw, Poland). (spandidos-publications.com)

After Ang II treatment, poorly differentiated endometrial cancer cell line acquired a mesenchymal phenotype, which was characterized by induced expression of EMT-related genes (VIM, CD44, SNAI1, ZEB1 and ZEB2). (spandidos-publications.com)

Biological assays were performed on well-[Ishikawa (ISH)] moderately (MFE-296) and poorly (MFE-280) differentiated human adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines, representing the G1, G2 and G3 stage of EC. (spandidos-publications.com)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of angiotensin II (Ang II) on human EC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

We found that cardamonin could regulate miR-21 expression [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)

The cell cycle is an important cycle responsible for growth, replenishing of damaged cell and general cell division. (lumminary.com)
It is very important and is tightly regulated, accidental runaway cell growth/division leads to cancer, commonly defined as aberrant cell growth. (lumminary.com)
The microenvironment of the cell and the interactions of many growth factors have a role in tumor development and survival [ 2 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It has the ability to block growth in different phases of the cell cycle. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Notably, the separate overexpression of EcR-B1 or a transforming growth factor- β receptor Baboon , whose activation can upregulate the EcR-B1 expression, in MB neurons rescued the miR-34 -induced gamma axon pruning phenotype. (sdbonline.org)

Biological assays and gene expression analysis were performed on three cell lines: ISH, MFE-296 and MFE-280. (spandidos-publications.com)

As they do so, they secrete inflammatory molecules that cause nearby cells to become senescent also. (angiesoptiongrm.org)

Altogether, our results suggest that MCL1 is a key molecule deciding over the fate of PCa cells upon inactivation of androgen receptor signaling. (oncotarget.com)

Contrary to the prevalent model, recruitment of the dMi-2 corepressor increases upon hormone addition to constrain gene activation through chromatin remodelling. (sdbonline.org)

In contrast, WI-38 cells were far more sensitive to the toxicity of Sor. (biomedcentral.com)

The cells slow down and stop their normal dividing and growing activity and enter a kind of stasis (inactivity). (angiesoptiongrm.org)

In addition, evolutionary theory suggests that cancer cells are alternative solutions to a multivariate optimization problem where the tumor microenvironment provides the selective landscape [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

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