Gene expression embryonic structure. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the new report, the team has refined their reprogramming technique to produce embryo-like structures that are more similar to real embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
When they examined small clusters of cells a few days before they matured into the blastocyst-like structures, they found that the cells contained gene expression for totipotency that are found in two-cell embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
The implanted structures often grew and produced many types of cells that resembled those naturally found in early developing embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
the primary pair-rule genes even-skipped, hairy and runt , and the segment polarity genes wingless and engrailed were examined in embryos lacking germline and zygotic dri function. (sdbonline.org)
The most consistent effect on expression of the segmentation genes in the dri maternal and zygotic mutant embryos is a disruption to the expression of even-skipped ( eve ) stripe 4, observed in nearly all embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic dri product. (sdbonline.org)
Expression analysis of several Hox genes in human embryos. (cnr.it)
Isolation and expression analysis both in invertebrate and vertebrate embryos of a new homeobox containing gene named Orthopedia (Otp). (cnr.it)
Isolation and expression analysis in murine embryos of Dlx5 and Dlx6, two murine homologues of the Drosophila Distal-less gene. (cnr.it)
The laboratories of NYU's Small and the University of Chicago's Thornton approached this problem in an innovative way: computationally inferring ancient gene sequences based on their modern descendants, chemically recreating the genes, and then putting them into fly embryos, thereby creating transgenic embryos-i.e., those inserted with a foreign gene-to follow their effects on development in the laboratory. (newswise.com)
Bicoid triggers the formation of structures at the head (anterior) end of embryos in the fruit fly, an important model organism because many aspects of its genetics and development are shared with humans and other animals. (newswise.com)
Fly embryos lacking active Bcd protein die very early because instead of forming a head they form tail structures at both ends. (newswise.com)
When introduced into fly embryos, this evolutionary mutant version of bicoid activated most of the genes involved in head development in their proper places, and the embryos formed recognizable, albeit incomplete, head structures instead of tail structures at the anterior end. (newswise.com)
The study, which could lead to a better understanding of human development, takes advantage of the accessibility of chick embryos to embryonic manipulation. (scienceblog.com)
The present study aimed to examine the features and age-associated gene expression profiles of bovine oocytes and embryos as well as to discover possible countermeasures against age-associated events. (elsevierpure.com)
Comprehensive gene expression assays of germinal vesicle and metaphase II (MII)-stage oocytes and 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos were conducted using next-generation sequencing technology. (elsevierpure.com)
The expression changes associated with the loss of the tumor suppressor menin provide insights into the defective organogenesis observed during early embryonic development in Men1-null mouse embryos. (johnshopkins.edu)
To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the failure of parthenogenesis at early stages of development, we performed global gene expression profiling and functional analysis of parthenogenetic blastocysts in comparison with those of blastocysts from normally fertilized embryos. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
Parthenogenetic blastocysts exhibited changes in the expression of 749 genes, of which 214 had lower expression and 535 showed higher expressions than fertilized embryos using a minimal 1.8-fold change as a cutoff. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
Our findings suggest that failed X inactivation, aberrant imprinting, decreased ERK/MAPK signaling and possibly elevated Wnt signaling, and reduced expression of genes for placental development collectively may contribute to abnormal placenta formation and failed fetal development in parthenogenetic embryos. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
Concurrently with these, expression of ID2 and NANOG was maintained following storage at 12°C similar to the control group, but was significantly reduced upon storage at 18°C. Nevertheless, when the 18°C-stored embryos were incubated, the morphology and the reduced genes were reverted to resemble those of the 12°C group. (huji.ac.il)
At variance, key gastrulation genes, NODAL and its downstream effector Brachyury (TBXT), which were similarly expressed in the control and the 12°C group, were not restored in the 18°C embryos following incubation. (huji.ac.il)
Notably, ectopic administration of Activin rescued NODAL and TBXT expression in the 18°C group, indicating that these embryos maintain the potential to initiate. (huji.ac.il)
To provide insight into the ancestral mechanism regulating deuterostome gastrulation, we identified the gene expression patterns of Wnt, Frizzled (Fz), and secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) family genes, which play a role in the initial stage of the Wnt pathway, in starfish Patiria (Asterina) pectinifera embryos using whole mount in situ hybridization. (elsevierpure.com)
Overexpression of boz in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer of boz mutant embryos is sufficient for normal development of the overlying blastoderm, revealing an involvement of extraembryonic structures in anterior patterning in fish similarly to murine embryos. (zfin.org)
RNA-seq analysis of embryos indicate that in Hat1 mutants over 2000 genes are dysregulated and the observed transcriptional changes imply a delay in the developmental program of gene expression (Varga, 2019). (sdbonline.org)

The work, published in the journal eLife , found that two mutations that arose 140 million years ago changed the function of a critical developmental gene, which now regulates development of the head and other structures in virtually all species of present-day flies. (newswise.com)
By combining the most advanced techniques from developmental biology and evolutionary genetics, we were able to dissect how molecular changes in an ancient gene fundamentally changed one of the most important - and otherwise conserved - processes in animal development," Small notes. (newswise.com)
The developmental progression of embryonic stem cells into specialist cell types involves the activation of lineage-specific programs of gene expression and the silencing of genes involved in maintaining pluripotency. (ca.gov)
Regulation of developmental genes by CREs commonly imply physical enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions that are established by looping mechanisms. (cabd.es)
Simultaneous work in the field of developmental biology and work with Drosophila has established the INT1 gene is a homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene [2]. (chemdiv.com)
Gene regulation in developmental biology and the cell cycle. (lu.se)

Topics covered will include cell membrane structure and function, metabolism, cell motility and division, genome structure and replication, the regulation of gene expression and protein production, genotype to phenotype relationship, and basic principles of inheritance. (middlebury.edu)
Recent work by the international ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) Project (1, 2) suggested that a large percentage of non-coding DNA, which makes up an estimated 95% of the human genome, has a function in gene regulation. (evolutionnews.org)
We describe high resolution, genome-wide dynamic chromatin interaction maps in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as they differentiate into four distinct embryonic cell lineages. (nih.gov)
Specifically, we found that approximately 700 genomic regions located throughout the genome showed differential nuclear positioning upon comparing iPS cells derived from human lymphoid cells to that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
These data indicate that the majority of the genome derived from that of human embryonic stem cells shows a similar pattern in chromatin folding as compared to that of iPS cells derived from human B cells but that they differ from each other in a subset of genomic regions. (ca.gov)
My goal is to shed light into the relationship between the 3D structure of the genome and gene regulation during cell fate decisions, as well as the role that lineage-determining TFs play in this connection. (cabd.es)
While each DNA blueprint, or gene, encodes for a different machine or structure, the genome, the collection of DNA wrapped up inside the nucleus, is much more active than a quiet library of neatly stacked blue-prints. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The Genome Structure Function section of the Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences investigates the fundamentals of the active information database that is our genome, in normal and disease states. (birmingham.ac.uk)
We are investigating the impact of specific classes of gene mutations, such as ATM, BRCA1, and MYBL2 on genome integrity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The Symposium Proceedings addresses 21st Century Genetics: Genes at Work, and provides a current synthesis of genetic mechanisms and genome/chromosome biology. (cshlpress.com)
In this study, we made use of extreme evolutionary sequence conservation as a filter to identify putative gene regulatory elements, and characterized the in vivo enhancer activity of a large group of non-coding elements in the human genome that are conserved in human-pufferfish, Takifugu (Fugu) rubripes, or ultraconserved in human-mouse-rat. (ox.ac.uk)
We identified sequence signatures enriched in a subset of these elements that targeted forebrain expression, and used these features to rank all approximately 3,100 non-coding elements in the human genome that are conserved between human and Fugu. (ox.ac.uk)
These data dramatically expand the catalogue of human gene enhancers that have been characterized in vivo, and illustrate the utility of such training sets for a variety of biological applications, including decoding the regulatory vocabulary of the human genome. (ox.ac.uk)
Genome structure, comparative genomics, and bioinformatics. (lu.se)
CMV shares many attributes with other herpes viruses, including genome, virion structure, and the ability to cause latent and persistent infections. (medscape.com)

Histone methylation, as a mechanism for modifying chromatin structure is associated with stimulation of neural pathways known to be important for formation of long-term memories and learning. (wikipedia.org)
Their cell lineage-specific effects are governed by chromatin structure. (edu.au)
We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)
It is presumed that Dri, like Osa, which is a member of the Trithorax Group of genes implicated in the modification of chromatin structures required for epigenetic regulation (Vazquez, 1999), is acting to establish stable chromatin structures. (sdbonline.org)
As one of the two distinct complexes, namely, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, PRC2 mediates gene silencing by modulating chromatin structure [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Knowledge of the higher order chromatin structure is critical for understanding mechanisms of gene regulation by long-range control elements such as enhancers and insulators. (nih.gov)
Extensive reorganization of higher-order chromatin structure occurs during hESC differentiation. (nih.gov)
In this process, topological domains remain largely intact but inter-domain association patterns change dramatically, coincident with widespread changes in chromatin state and gene expression. (nih.gov)
Using this approach, in recent works we have generated knockout mutants of pioneer TFs and architectural proteins, including the master regulator of epidermal development p63 and the zinc-finger protein CTCF, respectively, to elucidate gene regulation mechanisms and the link between chromatin structure and function. (cabd.es)
Elevated expression of H3/H4 in intestinal enterocytes in Drosophila alters chromatin organization, induces intestinal autophagy through transcriptional regulation, prevents age-related decline in the intestine. (sdbonline.org)
In mice, rapamycin treatment increases expression of histone proteins and Wdfy3 transcription, and alters chromatin organisation in the small intestine, suggesting the mTORC1-histone axis is at least partially conserved in mammals and may offer new targets for anti-ageing interventions. (sdbonline.org)
Molecular mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at different levels: remodeling of chromatin, initiation of transcription, nuclear transport and signalling, and RNA interference. (lu.se)
functional chromosomal elements and chromatin structure. (lu.se)
CBP has significant histone acetyltransferase activity and "opens" the chromatin structure so that transcription factors can enter and regulate gene expression. (medscape.com)

Histone methylation is crucial for almost all phases of animal embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
During animal embryonic development, gene expression must be tightly regulated in space and time to generate the plethora of cell types that compose animal tissues. (cabd.es)

This modification alters the properties of the nucleosome and affects its interactions with other proteins, particularly in regards to gene transcription processes. (wikipedia.org)
Stratifin and midkine proteins demonstrated more unique expression patterns within the conceptus. (usda.gov)
The DNA that makes up genes contains the instructions to synthesise proteins, but it's wrong to think that, for a given gene, these instructions are always the same for all parts of the organisms . (evolutionnews.org)
Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are a family of protein complex that regulate gene expression, especially repressing gene transcription [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Alternative splicing of gene can generate multiple transcripts and proteins to regulate tissue and organ development [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
The discovery of the ' Yamanaka factors '-four transcription factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4), ), proteins that can reprogram a fully mature cell into an embryonic-like state-earned Kyoto University researcher Shinya Yamanaka a share of the Nobel prize in 2012. (scientificamerican.com)
These genes are involved in T cell regulation, including interferons, interleukin (IL),tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as linker for activation of T cells (LAT), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and adapter proteins. (frontiersin.org)
To carry out these roles, the PAX genes provide instructions for making proteins that attach to specific areas of DNA and help control the activity (expression) of particular genes. (medlineplus.gov)
Expression arrays in menin-null MEFs revealed altered expression of several extracellular matrix proteins that are critical in organogenesis. (johnshopkins.edu)
Below is a non-exhaustive list of in-house infrastructures that are categorized into three overarching themes: bio-imaging, proteins, genes & cells and other resources. (lu.se)

The deriving stable clones generated green fluorescent protein gene-expressing HAC at high frequency, which were stably maintained without selection for 3 months. (nih.gov)
Characterization of these factors is lacking in porcine conceptuses, therefore, the current study investigated mRNA expression of these factors in elongating conceptuses and primordial tissues as well as protein expression and cellular localization to better define their biological significance. (usda.gov)
Cells of the conceptus were highly proliferative at all stages and the embryonic disc of the ovoid conceptus was already polarized as indicated by the protein expression of Ki67 and brachyury, respectively. (usda.gov)
Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry were utilized to examine protein expression and cellular localization. (usda.gov)
The embryonic disc of ovoid conceptuses was almost devoid of cytokeratin-18 protein, however, its distribution was uniform throughout the trophectoderm at all stages of elongation. (usda.gov)
Midkine protein expression was prominent in the embryonic disc of ovoid conceptuses. (usda.gov)
Indeed, FANTOM5's survey of 95 percent of protein-coding genes found near universal coverage by promoters, based on the first few bases of RNA transcripts. (evolutionnews.org)
The linear sequence of the A, T, C, and G bases in what is called coding DNA determines the particular protein that a short segment of DNA, known as a gene, will encode. (evolutionnews.org)
Subsequently, we detected the expression of EZH2 on mRNA level and protein level in two different embryonic development stages (65-dpc and 90-dpc) via qRT-PCR and western blots. (hindawi.com)
The absence of genomic resources renders the search for paralogous cuttlefish genes dependent upon the presence of highly conserved protein motifs within genes of interest, thus we used a degenerate primer strategy to isolate partial coding sequence from the conserved domains specific to these families. (europa.eu)
During embryonic development, the PAX6 protein is thought to turn on (activate) genes involved in the formation of the eyes, the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system), and the pancreas. (medlineplus.gov)
After birth, the PAX6 protein likely regulates the expression of various genes in many structures of the eyes. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, there is less PAX6 protein to regulate the activity of other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, the PAX6 protein is less able to control the activity of certain genes involved in eye development. (medlineplus.gov)
These studies provide genetic evidence for an essential function of a homeodomain protein in ß-catenin-mediated induction of the dorsal gastrula organizer and place boz at the top of a hierarchy of zygotic genes specifying the dorsal midline of a vertebrate embryo. (zfin.org)
The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
Mutations of this gene introduce a premature stop codon and result in truncated protein versions. (medscape.com)
The gene that encodes the CREB binding protein, or CBP (also called CREBBP ), was cloned in 1995, and mutations in this gene have been found in some patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. (medscape.com)
Our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure, molecular probes and drug design, system biology and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. (lu.se)
With the help of various forms of mass spectrometry, synchrotron radiation, protein production & labelling, and bioinformatics, our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure and dynamics, molecular probes and drug design. (lu.se)
In addition to infrastructures for bioimaging, protein and genes & cells, we also provide other resources e.g., databases, networks and specialized labs. (lu.se)

SHOX gene mutations have been shown to cause idiopathic short stature and skeletal malformations frequently observed in human patients with Turner, Leri-Weill and Langer syndromes. (bath.ac.uk)
Newswise - Scientists at New York University and the University of Chicago have created fruit flies carrying reconstructed ancient genes to reveal how ancient mutations drove major evolutionary changes in embryonic development-the impact of which we see today. (newswise.com)
By introducing individual mutations that happened in the deep past into the ancient genes, we were able to show precisely how each one affected development many millions of years ago," explains Stephen Small, an NYU biologist and one of the paper's senior authors. (newswise.com)
Scientists have long sought to understand how genetic mutations changed embryonic development to yield the diverse animal forms we see today. (newswise.com)
More than 280 mutations in the PAX6 gene have been found to cause aniridia, which is an absence of the colored part of the eye (the iris). (medlineplus.gov)
however, some disease-causing mutations occur in neighboring regions of DNA that normally regulate the expression of the PAX6 gene, known as regulatory regions. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in PAX6 gene regulatory regions reduce the expression of the PAX6 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
At least two mutations in the PAX6 gene have been found to cause Peters anomaly. (medlineplus.gov)
The PAX6 gene mutations that cause Peters anomaly can cause other related eye disorders in members of the same family. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the PAX6 gene can cause an eye problem called coloboma, in which there is a gap or split in one of the structures that make up the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
The mutations that cause this abnormality occur in one copy of the PAX6 gene in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in one copy of the PAX6 gene can cause microphthalmia, which describes eyes that are smaller than usual. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the PAX6 gene can cause a variety of eye problems. (medlineplus.gov)
We report that boz mutations disrupt the homeobox gene dharma. (zfin.org)
[ 2 , 3 , 4 ] A full list of the described mutations is available at the TBX5 Gene Mutation Database , an online locus-specific database that contains germline and somatic mutations of the TBX5 gene. (medscape.com)
Accumulating evidence shows that tRNA expression and mutations are associated with various diseases such as neurological pathologies and cancer development3,4. (cdc.gov)
In addition, approximately 3% of patients with true Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome or a phenotype that resembles it show mutations in the EP300 gene, underscoring the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder. (medscape.com)
The relatively low percentage (20%) of patients without deletions who have demonstrable mutations involving CBP may be due to an inability to identify all alterations that could be present in the gene or in its upstream or downstream regulatory regions. (medscape.com)

In doing so, they noticed structures that looked like early embryo blastocysts. (sciencedaily.com)
To test the basis for defects in patterning, genes required for segment formation in the Drosophila embryo were examined. (sdbonline.org)
In the early embryonic development, abnormal expression of EZH2 impaired embryo growth and pluripotency maintenance [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Spatial expression analysis of both genes revealed that Sof-RXR is expressed ubiquitously in all cells of the embryo, including the chondrocytes, whereas Sof-ALDH was expressed only in a sub-set of epithelial cells and no expression at the level of chondrocytes was observed. (europa.eu)
We generated immortalized wild-type (WT) and menin-null mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cell lines and evaluated their characteristics, including global expression patterns. (johnshopkins.edu)
While directing expression in a broad range of anatomical structures in the embryo, the majority of the 75 enhancers directed expression to various regions of the developing nervous system. (ox.ac.uk)
From the hatching blastula to the late gastrula stage, the majority of the Wnt genes and both Fz5/8 and sFRP1/5 were expressed in the posterior and anterior half of the embryo, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)

In pigs, several studies have focused on its function in early embryonic development regulation and in SCNT efficiency improvement [ 8 , 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

Elongation of the trophectoderm and gastrulation of the embryonic disc, observed during gestational days 11 (D11) through 12 (D12), denote a critical period of porcine conceptus development. (usda.gov)
However, following gastrulation, dri expression becomes exquisitely tissue and stage specific (Gregory, 1996), raising the possibility that it may specify spatial-specific expression at later stages of development. (sdbonline.org)
Several genes are known to partake in the blastulation-to-gastrulation transition under normal conditions, such as the pluripotency-related genes Inhibitor of DNA Binding 2 (ID2) and NANOG that are expressed during blastulation, and the gastrulation-regulating genes NODAL and Brachyury (TBXT). (huji.ac.il)

Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how many methyl groups are attached. (wikipedia.org)
Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)
Identification of transcription and processing signals of ribosomal genes of D. melanogaster. (cnr.it)
Gene regulation occurs largely at the transcriptional level through cis-regulatory elements (CREs), including promoters and enhancers, where transcription factors (TFs) bind and stimulate transcription. (cabd.es)
The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells is accompanied by large-scale changes in the coordinated expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors (TFs) and chemokines that are correlated with their survival, effector function, and self-renewal ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)
Consequent abnormal expression of the cardiac and limb-specific T-box transcription factors lead to the malformations described in HOS. (medscape.com)
Then, we used real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) to detect the partial RdRp gene of sarbecovirus from 2 samples by using a pair of primers designed to detect betacoronavirus. (cdc.gov)

SHOX is a homeobox-containing gene, highly conserved among species as diverse as fish, chicken and humans. (bath.ac.uk)
Isolation and identification of the structural organization of the human homeobox gene family (HOX Complex). (cnr.it)
Isolation of the murine homologs of the otd and ems homeobox containing genes and analysis of their expression during brain development. (cnr.it)
Mutational analysis of two positional candidate susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder on chromosome 12q23-q24: phenylalanine hydroxylase and human LIM-homeobox LHX5. (wikigenes.org)

Mutation in the Drosophila retained/dead ringer ( retn ) gene leads to female behavioral defects and alters a limited set of neurons in the CNS. (sdbonline.org)

Since identification of EZH2 in the research of protooncogene product Vav [ 3 ], studies have shown that EZH2 is highly expressed in tumorigenesis, which regulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Also, the study will look at whether there are gene expression profiles in the tumor tissue that can predict pathologic complete response. (stanford.edu)
The PAX6 gene is located in a region of chromosome 11 that is deleted in people with WAGR syndrome, which is a disorder that affects many body systems and is named for its main features: a childhood kidney cancer known as Wilms tumor , an eye problem called anirida, genitourinary anomalies, and intellectual disability (formerly referred to as mental retardation). (medlineplus.gov)
However, several antigens with selective expression on the surface of tumor cells are not associated with the major histocompatibility complex and may be candidates for therapeutic targeting. (msdmanuals.com)

These results validated a different transcript in pigs and characterized its expression profile in fetal tissues of different gestation stages, which indicated that EZH2 played important roles during porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
We demonstrate that the zebrafish bozozok (boz) locus is required at the blastula stages for formation of the embryonic shield, the equivalent of the gastrula organizer and expression of multiple organizer-specific genes. (zfin.org)

Among these is the isolation of the first line of murine stem cells [ 5 , 6 ] in 1981, followed by establishment of the first human embryonic stem cell lines by Thompson [ 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
Human embryology, from conception through the embryonic and fetal periods and, finally, birth, has been characterized in detail. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] The development of musculoskeletal structures associated with the trunk of the human body is a multistep process involving differential gene expression as well as cell interactions and cell signaling between precursor tissues. (medscape.com)
We present a novel and efficient non-integrating gene expression system in human embryonic stem cells (hESc) utilizing human artificial chromosomes (HAC), which behave as autonomous endogenous host chromosomes and segregate correctly during cell division. (nih.gov)
Expression analysis of the human Hox Complex in teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1) upon treatment with retinoic acid and the definition of temporal colinearity concept. (cnr.it)
Molecular mechanism controlling the expression of the HOX Complex gene family in human teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1). (cnr.it)
Researchers have developed a new gene therapy approach that prevents the AIDS virus from entering human cells. (scienceblog.com)
FANTOM5 extends the third and fourth FANTOM atlases by including 4,721 human and 5,127 mouse genes, focusing on primary cells, cell lines and tissues, but that's not all: "The atlas also detected signals from the promoters of short RNA primary transcripts, and long non-coding RNAs . (evolutionnews.org)
EZH2, a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K27me3, has been abundantly studied in human and mouse embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
During the past year we have identified the folding patterns of human embryonic stem cells to iPS cells derived from human B cells. (ca.gov)
Next the interactome of the iPS cells was determined and compared to that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
Using an ensemble of computational strategies we found that the majority of genomic regions in iPS cells derived from human B cells was indistinguishable from that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
We found that a large fraction of genes were differentially localized in human thymocytes derived from embryonic stem cells versus human myeloid cells. (ca.gov)
During the past three years we have identified the folding patterns of human embryonic stem cells to iPS cells derived from human B cells, differentiated progeny and mechanisms that orchestrate the folding patterns of genomes. (ca.gov)
The T-box gene family is a group of related genes that play a critical role in human embryonic development. (medscape.com)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)

This is the first report of successfully generating gene expressing de novo HAC in hESc, and is a significant step towards the genetic manipulation of stem cells and potential therapeutic applications. (nih.gov)
Role of Otx1 and Otx2 in brain evolution: functional equivalence between the invertebrate Orthodenticle and the murine OTX1 and OTX2 gene products supports a conserved genetic program of brain development between insects and mammals. (cnr.it)
Significant progress has been made in identifying the genetic factors, if we take into consideration the hundreds of genes that studies have now linked to schizophrenia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variation between and within the different populations of C. caulescens, to determine whether gene flow occur between the different populations and to determine which of the DNA regions included in the study can contribute to the identification of plants from a specific geographical area. (ndltd.org)
Gene technology: basic and applied molecular genetic methods. (lu.se)

Expression complexity of the Otx2 locus: transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational regulation of Otx2 mRNA isoforms control specification and maintenance of forebrain and midbrain regional identities. (cnr.it)
Furthermore, boz is essential for specification of dorsoanterior embryonic structures, including notochord, prechordal mesendoderm, floor plate and forebrain. (zfin.org)

Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)
Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
The finding, described in 2006, transformed stem cell research by providing a new source of cells that resemble embryonic stem cells, which are able to give rise to any type of specialized cell in the body except sex cells. (scientificamerican.com)
Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)

Serial analysis of gene expression identified genes involved in cellular differentiation/structure (cytokeratin-8 and -18) and growth/cell migration/mesoderm-epithelial interaction (stratifin and midkine), which could potentially be regulated by steroids like estrogen. (usda.gov)

Here, we identified the coding sequence of the EZH2 gene and characterized its expression pattern in fetal tissues of Duroc pigs at 65- and 90-day postcoitus (dpc). (hindawi.com)
EZH2 was ubiquitously expressed in the fetal tissues of two time points with different expression levels. (hindawi.com)
The PAX6 gene belongs to a family of genes that play a critical role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systemic search of gene expression profiles of multiple tissues in NSCLC was carried out to determine the expression intensities of traditional fibroblast biomarkers and CAF-secreted protumorigenic cytokines. (cdc.gov)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a branch of a functional network that is involved in a broad range of biological systems including stem cells, embryonic development and adult organs. (chemdiv.com)

Data derived from cephalopod studies can be used to compare and contrast known mechanisms underlying the development of analogous vertebrate structures. (europa.eu)

Students will learn to identify some anatomical structures of the vertebrate body and learn basic functions and the evolutionary homologies for these structures. (middlebury.edu)
In a study that combines state-of-the-art biological imaging with gene expression analysis, scientists at the California Institute of Technology have uncovered a fundamental insight into the way embryonic cells and tissue move about to form key structures along the vertebrate axis. (scienceblog.com)
RA receptor (RAR)-gamma expression is essential for vertebrate chondrocyte differentiation. (europa.eu)
Identifying the sequences that direct the spatial and temporal expression of genes and defining their function in vivo remains a significant challenge in the annotation of vertebrate genomes. (ox.ac.uk)

Identification of an Otx gene-dosage dependent mechanism required for patterning of developing brain and proper positioning of midbrain-hindbrain isthmic organizer. (cnr.it)

We found," note the authors, "that the common-variant genomic results consistently mapped to pyramidal cells, medium spiny neurons (MSNs), and certain interneurons, but far less consistently to embryonic, progenitor, or glial cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)

They also found that the contributing cell types are linked to particular structures and parts of the brain and may exert "distinct" effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The pituitary gland is entirely ectodermal in origin but is composed of 2 functionally distinct structures that differ in embryologic development and anatomy: the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)

The synthetically designed siRNAs act as a catalyst to reduce the expression of specific genes and slow the progression of disease. (scienceblog.com)

The diverse cell types are genetically identical, but differ in their form and function due to differences in gene expression. (edu.au)
They found that many genes related to the outer/inner cell fates of blastocysts were present in the induced structures, but at lower than natural levels, indicating that the new technique does not perfectly reproduce blastocysts. (sciencedaily.com)
Two biological replicates of Hi-C experiment and one replicate of CTCF ChIP-Seq experiment in embryonic stem cells and 4 other differentiated cell-types from H1 cell line. (nih.gov)
The focus of this recent study is on how cell types - which can be characterized by gene maps - relate to disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Single-cell transcriptomics is " transforming our understanding of biology " by allowing scientists to quantify levels of gene expression in single cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
For the new study, the researchers created gene expression maps for each cell type in the brain and compared them with the detailed list of the hundreds of schizophrenia-related genes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, the link between TADs and gene expression remains controversial and we know very little about the dynamics of TADs, E-P interactions and gene expression during cell fate decisions in differentiation and development. (cabd.es)
As a result of this deletion, affected individuals are missing one copy of the PAX6 gene in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result of this condensation, the embryonic tooth germ begins to interact with surrounding cell layers in the jaw via specific messengers. (bionity.com)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)

Moreover, using proximity ligation sequencing to generate chromosome span haplotypes, widespread allele biased gene activities are detected. (nih.gov)
Gene expression also linked reduced expression of Xist to activation of X chromosome. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
[ 9 ] Approximately 10-12% of patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome have deletions of CBP , and a smaller percentage have complex cytogenetic rearrangements involving the region of chromosome 16p that contains the gene. (medscape.com)

A team of California researchers has imaged the blood flow inside the heart of a growing embryonic zebrafish. (scienceblog.com)

Most of the changes had little or no effect on bicoid 's functions, but two of them together allowed bicoid to activate a completely new set of target genes. (newswise.com)

In actual fact, the gene varies depending on the tissue where it is located (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, olfactory epithelium, etc. (evolutionnews.org)
An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. (mdpi.com)
Here we report that 45% of these sequences functioned reproducibly as tissue-specific enhancers of gene expression at embryonic day 11.5. (ox.ac.uk)
If you were to implant this embryonic tooth germ into a patient, the idea goes, it would begin to communicate with the surrounding tissue, thus releasing the entire cascade of messengers and initiating the process of tooth development. (bionity.com)
Müllerian duct structures typically develop on the gonadal side not containing testicular tissue. (medscape.com)
Wolffian duct structures tend to be observed on the gonadal side containing functioning testicular tissue. (medscape.com)

Role of Otx2 in Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. (cnr.it)
They can alter the expression of many genes and promote differentiation processes, being therefore considered as lineage-determining TFs. (cabd.es)

This process is critical for the regulation of gene expression that allows different cells to express different genes. (wikipedia.org)
Principles for regulation of gene expression through intercellular signalling. (lu.se)

The study shows that the blastocyst-like structures very closely resemble actual blastocysts, and even induce proper changes in the uterus after being implanted in pseudo-pregnant mice. (sciencedaily.com)

Scientists believe that several factors may be involved, including interactions between genes and environment, such as problems during birth and exposure to viruses. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Many non-coding sequences produce RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by turning them on and off. (evolutionnews.org)
Histones H3/H4 regulate expression of an autophagy cargo adaptor Blue Cheese ( Bchs (WDFY3 in mammals), increased expression of which in enterocytes mediates increased H3/H4-dependent healthy longevity. (sdbonline.org)

Nevertheless, when transplanted to the womb of pseudo-pregnant mice, the blastocyst-like structures often induced changes to the uterus that are necessary for successful blastocyst implantation, including the integration of the maternal blood supply. (sciencedaily.com)
So far, the expression pattern and the function of EZH2 have been broadly studied in humans [ 11 ] and mice [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Homozygous loss of Men1 in the germ line of mice results in early embryonic lethality, with defective development of neural tube, heart, liver, and craniofacial structures. (johnshopkins.edu)

The researchers focused on the evolution of a gene called bicoid . (newswise.com)
Bicoid serves as the "master regulator" of anterior development by turning on expression of a set genes that carry out head development and suppress tail development, and doing so only at the anterior end. (newswise.com)
But the bicoid gene does not even exist in other insects or more distantly related animals, which use other genes to control anterior development. (newswise.com)
The group then introduced into the precursor gene every mutation that happened during the ancient interval during which bicoid evolved its new role. (newswise.com)

However, the transcript variant and temporal expression pattern of EZH2 in the middle and late porcine fetus are still unknown. (hindawi.com)
However, the transcript and expression status of the EZH2 gene during porcine embryonic development remains unknown. (hindawi.com)
Our study is aimed at providing information for understanding the biological function of EZH2 in porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)

Defective development of the embryonic radial ray (eg, aplasia, hypoplasia, fusion, other anomalous development) results in a wide spectrum of phenotypes, including triphalangeal or absent thumbs, foreshortened arms, and phocomelia. (medscape.com)

Proviral infection at the "site of the highest degree" was thought to be the mechanism of carcinogenesis, giving the first name to the gene found along this pathway as INT1. (chemdiv.com)

consequently, there is an introduction of variability in gene expression and mutant phenotype, a phenomenon repeated observed for Dri (Shandala, 1999). (sdbonline.org)
These elements are involved in control of gene expression which governs the phenotype and also plays role in disease biology. (researchgate.net)
No other genes in this area are thought to contribute to the phenotype. (medscape.com)

Genes are the "code" for building the biological elements that form an organism. (evolutionnews.org)
Despite its biological importance, transfer RNA (tRNA) could not be adequately sequenced by Author Manuscript standard methods due to abundant post-transcriptional modifications and stable structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis. (cdc.gov)

The Yamanaka factors that can reprogram cells into their embryonic-like state are at the heart of longevity research. (scientificamerican.com)

Wnt8, Fz1, and Fz4 showed restricted expression in the lateral ectoderm. (elsevierpure.com)

Significant obstacles for the sequencing of tRNA include the presence of numerous post-transcriptional modifications and its stable and extensive secondary structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis and adapter ligation. (cdc.gov)

Affected individuals carry a germ-line loss-of-function mutation of the MEN1 gene, and tumors arise after loss of the second allele. (johnshopkins.edu)
These cells condense and form a kind of embryonic tooth germ. (bionity.com)
The approach adopted by researchers at TU Berlin for the natural growth of third teeth is as simple as it is ingenious: They remove dental pulp cells from the interior of an extracted tooth, which they then cultivate and de-differentiate in such a way as to produce an active embryonic tooth germ. (bionity.com)

Next the group investigated how genetically and functionally similar their blastocyst-like structures were to actual blastocysts. (sciencedaily.com)
Genes important for placenta development were decreased in their expression in parthenote blastocysts. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
The expression of several imprinted genes was altered in parthenote blastocysts. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

These findings were important since they provide new insights as to how such regulatory elements find each other with great speed, selectivity and specificity to induce lineage specific patterns of gene expression both in embryonic stem cells and differentiated progeny. (ca.gov)

Researchers have generated 3D blastocyst-like structures from stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
An international collaboration of researchers from the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) in Japan and Gladstone Institutes in the USA have generated 3D blastocyst-like structures from stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
A further test comparing the blastocyst-like structures with their precursors showed that cells in the matured structures were bound close together--a hallmark of blastocyst formation and polarization that is the result of a process called compaction. (sciencedaily.com)
In tubular conceptuses, midkine was associated with cells that appeared to be migrating away from embryonic disc as well as some concentrating in the tips of the trophectoderm. (usda.gov)
influences which genes are activated and which tend to change as cells age. (scientificamerican.com)
In particular, it has remained unclear as to whether and how the 3D-structures of the ES cells differ from that of differentiated progeny and how such differences relate to function. (ca.gov)
The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)
In each of these diseases, genes that play a role in the proliferation or activation of CD8+ T cells have been found to be affected by epigenetic modifications. (frontiersin.org)
The members of the PAX gene family are also important for maintaining the normal function of certain cells after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
Roland Lauster's team, however, sees a decisive competitive advantage in the method it has been pursuing: All other competing research groups use embryonic stem cells to produce embryonic tooth germs. (bionity.com)
Below you can see some examples of the infrastructure for research on genes and cells, available for researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)

Anatomy28

Organisms16

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs69

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes101

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science8

Health Care3

Embryos25

Developmental6

Genome15

Chromatin14

Animal embryonic development2

Proteins10

Protein21

Mutations18

Embryo7

Early embryonic development1

Gastrulation3

Transcription8

Homeobox4

Drosophila1

Tumor4

Stages2

Human18

Genetic5

Forebrain2

Stem Cell4

Mesoderm1

Tissues4

Development and adult1

Mechanisms1

Vertebrate4

Midbrain1

Progenitor1

Distinct2

Specific genes1

Cell10

Chromosome3

Zebrafish1

Target genes1

Tissue6

Differentiation2

Regulation of gene ex2

Resemble1

Interactions1

Regulate2

Mice3

Bicoid4

Porcine3

Defective development1

Mechanism1

Phenotype3

Biological2

Yamanaka1

Ectoderm1

Transcriptional1

Germ3

Blastocysts3

Lineage-specific1

Cells11