• Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MET gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Opposing actions of c-ets/PU.1 and c-myb protooncogene products in regulating the macrophage-specific promoters of the human and mouse colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-fms) genes. (musc.edu)
  • The carboxy-terminal catalytic domain of the GTPase-activating protein inhibits nuclear signal transduction and morphological transformation mediated by the CSF-1 receptor. (musc.edu)
  • Small-molecule inhibitors, antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies or biologics (bsAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts) targeting Notch signaling components have been developed as investigational anti-cancer drugs ( 10 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, whether Galectin-1 regulates receptor tyrosine kinases by sensitizing HCC to sorafenib remains unclear. (aging-us.com)
  • Galectin-1 overexpression promoted the phosphorylation of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) signaling, which increased sorafenib resistance. (aging-us.com)
  • Notably, inhibition of GPR171 synergistically enhanced the tumoricidal activity of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor in lung cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), ALK (anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase), RET (ret proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase), and BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) are well-identified oncogenic driver mutations in lung cancer, and are targets for therapeutic application. (oncotarget.com)
  • interleukin 1 receptor lik. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • TMPRSS2 is a prostate-specific and androgen-response gene that encodes a protein belonging to the serine protease family, which functions in prostate carcinogenesis and relies on gene fusion with ETS transcription factors, such as ERG and ETV1 (8). (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is a cell surface protein primarily expressed by endothelial cells across the respiratory and digestive tracts. (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • As a serine protease, it is involved in the cleaving peptide bonds of proteins that have serine as the nucleophilic amino acid within the active site. (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • At cellular level, the trans-membrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) primes the spike protein of human coronaviruses and facilitates cell entry and infection. (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • TMPRSS2 is a type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) that is widely expressed in epithelial cells of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract (11, 12). (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • Serine protease inhibitors, or serpins, comprise a family of proteins that antagonize the activity of serine proteases. (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • Normally, only stem cells and progenitor cells express MET, which allows these cells to grow invasively in order to generate new tissues in an embryo or regenerate damaged tissues in an adult. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proprotein convertase furin is a type I transmembrane protein that is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic tissues and cells. (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • Gene expression analysis identifies genes associated with SARS-COV-2 receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in normal human lung tissues. (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • ECM consists of proteins and polysaccharides distributed in many different tissues of the body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ECM environment provides appropriate conditions for cell growth, cell differentiation and survival of tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The ERG gene encodes for a protein, also called ERG, that functions as a transcriptional regulator. (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts confer AKT1-mediated epigenetic silencing of Cystatin M in epithelial cells. (musc.edu)
  • It presents a functional unit of a physical barrier consisting of a mucus layer and a monolayer of epithelial cells and of a mucosal lymphoid system that together efficiently discriminate between pathogenic and commensal microorganisms 16 . (nature.com)
  • Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Both the overexpression of Met/HGFR, as well as its autocrine activation by co-expression of its hepatocyte growth factor ligand, have been implicated in oncogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitogenic signaling by colony-stimulating factor 1 and ras is suppressed by the ets-2 DNA-binding domain and restored by myc overexpression. (musc.edu)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Overexpression of tropomysin-related kinase B in metastatic human pancreatic cancer cells. (duke.edu)
  • CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of TrkB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AP-1, which may in turn induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, may mediate the cardinal clinical features of locally aggressive growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. (duke.edu)
  • Galectin-1 knockdown reduced sorafenib resistance in Huh-7/SR cells, whereas Galectin-1 overexpression in Huh-7 cells increased sorafenib resistance. (aging-us.com)
  • The overexpression of a membrane protein designated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a typical phenotypic marker of pleiotropic drug resistance. (ashpublications.org)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The protein possesses tyrosine kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes cell survival through Akt/protein kinase B. (musc.edu)
  • ets-2 is a target for an akt (Protein kinase B)/jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway in macrophages of motheaten-viable mutant mice. (musc.edu)
  • The PtdIns 3-kinase/Akt pathway regulates macrophage-mediated ADCC against B cell lymphoma. (musc.edu)
  • CDC28 protein kinase regul. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Notably, expression of the kinase CaMKIV at day 3 was inversely correlated with later antibody titers. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • A-kinase anchoring protein 10. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In Section II, Dr. James Griffin reviews the mechanisms that lead to activation of tyrosine kinases by mutations in AML, the consequences of that activation for the cell, and the opportunities for targeted therapy and discusses some examples of developing novel drugs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and their effectiveness in AML (FLT3). (ashpublications.org)
  • NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are transmembrane receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of the delta‑like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Search results: The pahtway p1357 has 351 genes in the original annotation. (uth.edu)
  • EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To identify the genes involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis, we analyzed the gene expression profiles between highly metastatic Colo357L3.6pl and parental Colo357FG pancreatic cancer cell lines using cDNA microarrays and confirmed differential gene expression by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunologic analysis of 54 samples from pancreatic cancer patients. (duke.edu)
  • CAFs provide cancer cells with nutrition and promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cells ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most significant therapeutic targets and some of them promote the growth and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
  • Notably, these TFs were selected solely from inferred regulatory links using gene expression profiles and included many TFs regulating tumorigenic processes such as proliferation, metastasis, and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These effects of honey have been thoroughly investigated in certain cancers such as breast, liver and colorectal cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • In order to identify prognostic master regulators, we took the known 85 prognostic signature genes for colorectal cancer and inferred their upstream TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MET is normally expressed by cells of epithelial origin, while expression of HGF/SF is restricted to cells of mesenchymal origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osr1 -expressing cell clusters spatially regulate Six2 expression, which in turn induces the cap mesenchymal population. (j-organoid.org)
  • Then, the regulatory TFs for the mesenchymal signature genes were inferred from the use of master regulator analysis (MRA) together with or without stepwise linear regression method (SLR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Camostat mesilate is an inhibitor of TMPRSS2 and has been shown to be a potent antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and against SARS-CoV-1 in vivo (mice). (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • Regulation of the murine TRACP gene promoter. (musc.edu)
  • On day E10.5 of murine development, the metanephric mesenchyme secretes glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). (j-organoid.org)
  • This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It constitutes fibrous proteins such as collagen and elastin, elongated glycoproteins such as fibronectin and laminin, which provide cell matrix adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • adhesion G protein-coupled re. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Non-nuclear oncogenes and the regulation of gene expression in transformed cells. (musc.edu)
  • These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • The multifunctional protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a coactivator of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). (musc.edu)
  • Differentiation of the mononuclear phagocyte system during mouse embryogenesis: the role of transcription factor PU.1. (musc.edu)
  • It is influenced by angiogenesis, cell-cell and cell-extra cellular matrix (ECM) interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depletion of GPR171 with an anti-GPR171 antibody decreased proliferation of lung carcinoma cells and attenuated tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model. (oncotarget.com)
  • Various mutations in the MET gene are associated with papillary renal carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loss‑of‑function NOTCH1 mutations are early events during esophageal tumorigenesis, whereas gain‑of‑function NOTCH1 mutations are late events during T‑cell leukemogenesis and B‑cell lymphomagenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Germline mutations in the NOTCH1 , NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 genes cause Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, respectively ( 4 ), and DLL4-NOTCH3 signaling in human vascular organoids induces basement membrane thickening and drives vasculopathy in the diabetic microenvironment ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is widely recognized that the accumulation of various harmful genetic alterations in normal cells may induce malignant cancer cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CpG island methylation in a mouse model of lymphoma is driven by the genetic configuration of tumor cells. (musc.edu)
  • Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in breast cancer, non‑small‑cell lung cancer and hematological malignancies, such as T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Galectin-1 expression was positively correlated with poor prognostic outcomes for HCC patients. (aging-us.com)
  • Gene expression signatures have been commonly used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer subtyping. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The selected TFs showed a comparable or slightly better prognostic performance than the original 85 signature genes in spite of greatly reduced number of marker genes from 85 to 10. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, Notch signaling is inactivated in small‑cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • They constitute the sixth most common malignancy, and more than 90% of these malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on histopathology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has increased probably because of the increased use of tobacco and alcohol, which are widely documented as risk factors for this malignancy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, CAFs promote cancer progression and act in cancer cell drug resistance. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Galectin-1 modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and plays a crucial role in HCC progression. (aging-us.com)
  • However, expression signatures frequently include many passengers , which are not directly related to cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main bottleneck is that expression signatures normally consist of cancer drivers and passengers with the latter as not directly related to cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • applied a reverse engineering method for context-specific transcriptional regulatory networks to 176 gene expression profiles from high-grade glioblastoma (HGG) patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The directed expression of SV40 T antigen has led to the development of several important transgenic models with spontaneous epithelial tumor formation. (molvis.org)
  • Kidney tubuloids derived from adult stem cells offer the advantage of long-term culture and expansion, but they include only tubular structures and lack glomerular components. (j-organoid.org)
  • In normal control adult mouse eyes, ETS-1 was mostly present in the nuclei of all neuroretinal layers whereas ETS-2 was mostly localized in the cytosol of the cell bodies of these layers with a smaller amount present in the nuclei. (molvis.org)
  • Lung and bronchus cancers account for the greatest proportion of cancer deaths worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • and large cell carcinoma (5-15% of all lung cancers) [ 4 , 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • With advances in genome-wide gene expression technologies, classification of cancer subtypes based on expression signatures is widespread and results in many biomarkers for various cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, there are 230 genes in SZGR 2.0 (with evidence in schizophrenia) that are present at this pathway. (uth.edu)
  • We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • MET proto-oncogene (GeneID: 4233) has a total length of 125,982 bp, and it is located in the 7q31 locus of chromosome 7. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TMPRSS2 gene is located on chromosome 21 and contains four distinct domains, including a transmembrane region, indicating that it is expressed on the cell surface. (diaridelsestudiants.com)
  • Stromal ETS2 Regulates Chemokine Production and Immune Cell Recruitment during Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia. (musc.edu)
  • Stromal PTEN inhibits the expansion of mammary epithelial stem cells through Jagged-1. (musc.edu)
  • Presently, kidney organoids contain not only nephrons and ureteric buds but also stromal cells. (j-organoid.org)
  • bone marrow stromal cell a. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • MET is transcribed into a 6,641 bp mature mRNA, which is then translated into a 1,390 amino-acid MET protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • By contrast, somatic alterations in the genes encoding Notch signaling components drive various types of human cancer, such as breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present review summarizes the recent achievements in understanding the gene profiles of CAFs and pays special attention to their possible epigenetic alterations. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Genetic alterations include genetic mutation, gene copy number variation (CNV), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), allelic imbalance (AI) and microsatellite instability (MSI). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, it has been demonstrated that genetic or epigenetic alterations may be responsible for the special features of CAFs ( Fig. 1 ) ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • There are two clinical types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of all cases, and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) [ 1 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The anterior intermediate mesoderm, which expresses LIM homeobox 1 ( Lhx1 ) and paired box gene 2 ( Pax2 ), develops into the ureteric bud lineage, which forms the ureteric epithelium through branching and growth. (j-organoid.org)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Evidence that human haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) do not reside within the CD34+KIT- cell population. (musc.edu)