AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Cell CycleCell Cycle ProteinsCell Cycle CheckpointsPoly(A)-Binding ProteinsCarrier ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataG1 PhaseDNA-Binding ProteinsMitosisS PhaseProtein BindingCell DivisionAmino Acid SequenceCyclinsBase SequenceCell LineG2 PhaseTranscription FactorsMenstrual CycleNuclear ProteinsRNA, MessengerApoptosisTacrolimus Binding ProteinsCell ProliferationPhosphorylationCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Retinoblastoma ProteinCell Line, TumorMutationPoly(A)-Binding Protein IG2 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsTranscription, GeneticHeLa CellsGene Expression RegulationSignal TransductionRNA-Binding ProteinsCell NucleusBinding SitesCells, CulturedProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding ProteinsDNA ReplicationTumor Suppressor Protein p53DNACDC2 Protein KinaseG0 PhasePromoter Regions, GeneticG1 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2DNA DamageBlotting, WesternCyclin D1Tumor Cells, CulturedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTumor Suppressor ProteinsGenes, cdcCyclin EFlow CytometryModels, BiologicalTransfectionCyclin AInterphaseFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsTime FactorsSequence Homology, Amino AcidCyclin BRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4Cell DifferentiationSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsKineticsCloning, MolecularCDC2-CDC28 KinasesRecombinant ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiaryEstrous CycleCalcium-Binding ProteinsPoly(A)-Binding Protein IIE2F Transcription Factorscdc25 PhosphatasesGene ExpressionRepressor ProteinsDown-RegulationCyclin B1Cell SurvivalFungal ProteinsProtein KinasesInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3FibroblastsRNA, Small InterferingPeriplasmic Binding ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionHistonesTacrolimus Binding Protein 1AE2F1 Transcription FactorGene Expression ProfilingRNA InterferenceDNA PrimersCyclin D
DifferentiationApoptosisProliferationChromosomeMutationsReceptorKinaseRegulationTumor suppressorSignal transductionMetabolismInhibitorProgressionPathwaysCellularS100Alternatively splicedVariantsNuclearChromatin remodeliTarget genesTumorsImmunohistochemistrySusceptibility genesPhenotypesAntibodyEmbryonic developmentChromosomesWestern BlottingMRNALocusFamily of proteinsRegulatoryHumanProgenitor cellsCytoplasmCytoplasmicRegulatorBiolRegulatesClustersExpression of geReplicationGenomeCancersHumansGenomicRegulate cellDistinctRecombinationRepair genesOverexpressionSpecificitySynthesisCancerPathwayMelanomaTranscription factor gene familyGliomaMolecular
Differentiation10
  • It may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation and it may also play a role in the cell cycle progession. (novusbio.com)
  • S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. (hmdb.ca)
  • The encoded protein is a major regulator of intestine-specific genes involved in cell growth an differentiation. (transcriptionfactor.org)
  • Let-7 Let-7 has an essential role in cell cycle and the differentiation of cell cycle terminals. (ukessays.com)
  • Until now we've relied on studies in mice to understand human germ cell differentiation, but the reproductive genes are not the same. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When treated in this manner, about 2 percent of the differentiated human embryonic stem cells were haploid after 14 days of differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
Apoptosis15
  • The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and silencing of the S100A8 gene, which encodes the S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8), and apoptosis and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) in tissue samples of endometrial carcinoma and HEC-1A endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in vitro . (medscimonit.com)
  • FLT3 (FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3) located on chromosome 13q12.2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that activates the Ras and PI3 kinase pathway leading to the increased proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in hemopoietic progenitor cells [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • describe the impact of human papillomaviruses on cell cycle and apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, it can stimulate apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. (ayassbioscience.com)
  • induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (cubebiosystems.com)
  • LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (cubebiosystems.com)
  • If the DNA damage is too severe for repair, p53 can also initiate apoptosis (programmed cell death). (reasons.org)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
Proliferation23
  • At a fundamental level, cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic changes that result in unregulated cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • This protein may function in Neurite extension, proliferation of melanoma cells, stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes, inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation, astrocytosis and axonal proliferation, and inhibition of microtubule assembly. (microarraystation.com)
  • MicroRNAs control the levels of numerous cell cycle regulators that controls cell proliferation. (ukessays.com)
  • Unidirectional regeneration in the basal chordate Ciona intestinalis involves the proliferation of adult stem cells residing in the branchial sac vasculature and the migration of progenitor cells to the site of distal injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heat shock treatment of distal body fragments activated hsp70 and dnaJb4 expression indicative of a stress response, induced cell proliferation in branchial sac vasculature cells, and promoted distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Transwell migration, cell cycle analysis, MTT and colony formation assays were performed to determine the effect of DRAM2 overexpression and knockdown on NSCLC-cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Additionally, DRAM2 overexpression promoted cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro, while knockdown of DRAM2 expression yielded opposite result. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mnt overexpression suppressed cell cycle entry and cell proliferation, suggesting that the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max is critical for cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)
  • These results demonstrate that Mnt-Myc antagonism plays a fundamental role in regulating cell cycle entry and proliferation. (silverchair.com)
  • Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates probed with Mouse anti Human proliferation associated protein 2G4 antibody ( VMA00111 ) followed by detection with HRP conjugated Goat anti Mouse IgG (1/10,000, STAR207P ) and visualized on the ChemiDoc MP with 28 second exposure. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • Arrow points to proliferation associated protein 2G4 (molecular weight 44 kDa). (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • A diverse range of extracellular and intracellular signals stimulate both mTOR complexes to regulate cell growth, survival and proliferation. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Importantly, mTORβ was shown to shorten considerably the G1 phase of the cell cycle, to stimulate cell proliferation and to possess oncogenic potential in cell-based and xenograft studies. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, we aim to study the role of the new isoforms in the mTOR-mediated cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, and the contribution of the identified isoforms in the oncogenic characteristics of cells. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • It was also found that stable overexpression of mTORδ and mTORγ splice variants in HEK293T cells inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosome11
  • This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6, and alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • The genome of Caulobacter crescentus is structured in a circular chromosome and is comprised of 4,016,942 bp encoding for 3,767 genes. (kenyon.edu)
  • however, chromosome replication begins immediately in the daughter cell with the stalk and when the swarmer loses its tail (Stanford). (kenyon.edu)
  • Throughout the cell cycle, the chromosome progressively goes from being fully methylated to hemimethylated during DNA replication - this results in differential binding of regulatory proteins to activate or repress transcription. (kenyon.edu)
  • S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. (cancerindex.org)
  • Seven genetic loci (USH1A-G) have been implicated in this disease to date, and four of the corresponding genes have been identified: USH1B, C, D and F. We carried out fine mapping of USH1G (chromosome 17q24-25), restricting the location of this gene to an interval of 2.6 Mb and then screened genes present within this interval for mutations. (nih.gov)
  • Overexpressing the three proteins together allowed the researchers to generate haploid cells -- those with only one copy of each chromosome -- expressing proteins found in mature sperm. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In addition, the lysogenic cycle results in integration of phage DNA with bacterial chromosome and becomes a part of host DNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Chromosome replication is triggered when a nucleoprotein complex, termed the orisome, assembles, unwinds the duplex DNA, and recruits the proteins required to establish new replication forks. (mdpi.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)
Mutations13
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • De novo loss of function mutations in the ubiquitin ligase-encoding gene Cullin3 ( CUL3) lead to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). (nature.com)
  • CUL3 ASD-associated genetic variants are most often de novo missense or loss of function (loF) mutations, dispersed throughout the entire gene and affecting distinct protein domains. (nature.com)
  • [ 3 ] Loss of function mutations in this gene are implicated in pediatric retinoblastoma. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human cancers, including hereditary cancers such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. (ayassbioscience.com)
  • In two consanguineous USH1G-affected families, we detected two different frameshift mutations in the SANS gene. (nih.gov)
  • Our data supports a strong genetic basis for CDD and show that CDD is not only genetically heterogeneous but also non-monogenic, requiring mutations in more than one genes for the disease to develop. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At least 16 mutations in the PROK2 gene have been identified in people with Kallmann syndrome, a disorder characterized by the combination of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (a condition affecting the production of hormones that direct sexual development) and an impaired sense of smell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers estimate that mutations in the PROK2 and PROKR2 genes together account for about 9 percent of all cases of Kallmann syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the PROK2 gene mutations that cause Kallmann syndrome change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in prokineticin 2. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations disrupt the protein's activity, affecting its ability to bind to its receptor to send signals normally. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some affected individuals have mutations in one of several other genes in addition to PROK2 , and these genetic changes may contribute to the varied features of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
Receptor13
  • enumerate the multiple, distinct receptor homologs and binding proteins encoded by poxviruses that target tumor necrosis factor. (cdc.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene acts as a membrane receptor for both the human hepatitis A virus (HHAV) and TIMD4. (transcriptionfactor.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is an antagonist of angiopoietin 1, and both angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 are ligands for the endothelial TEK receptor tyrosine kinase. (transcriptionfactor.org)
  • This gene encodes a CXC chemokine receptor specific for stromal cell-derived factor-1. (transcriptionfactor.org)
  • The osteoclast vitronectin receptor is found in the cell membrane. (transcriptionfactor.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy effectively treats human cancer, but the loss of the antigen recognized by the CAR poses a major obstacle. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon adsorption on the lamb receptor of the host cell, lambda gDNA is injected through the tail which forms a hollow tube through which the DNA passes to the cell. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • This protein interacts with another protein called prokineticin receptor 2 (produced from the PROKR2 gene). (medlineplus.gov)
  • On the cell surface, prokineticin 2 attaches (binds) to the receptor like a key in a lock. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Prokineticin 2 and its receptor play a role in the development of a group of nerve cells that are specialized to process smells (olfactory neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Prokineticin 2 and its receptor are also involved in the migration of nerve cells that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). (medlineplus.gov)
  • SUMMARY A direct correlation between HIV infection and mutation in the chemokine receptor ( CCR5 ) gene has been established. (who.int)
  • HIV-1 is influenced by a mutation in the 1 infection with a typical delay of 2-4 years chemokine receptor ( CCR5 ) gene [ 3,4 ]. (who.int)
Kinase7
  • This gene encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which shares a limited similarity with CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Inhibits the kinase activity of CDK2 bound to cyclin A, but has little inhibitory activity on CDK2 bound to SPDYA. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (cubebiosystems.com)
  • mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is a serine/threonine protein kinase which belongs to the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase related kinases (PIKK), which also includes ATR, ATM, DNA-PK, SMG1 and TRRAP. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • mTOR contains several conserved protein-protein interaction modules at the N-terminus and a protein kinase domain at the C-terminus. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to the full length mTORα protein, mTORβ lacks most of its protein-protein interaction modules, HEAT and FAT, but retains domains responsible for FKBP12/rapamycin binding, protein kinase activity and regulation. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Regulation9
  • It plays a role in DNA binding, chromatin regulation, repressor, transcription regulation and the cell cycle process. (wikipedia.org)
  • ARID-encoding genes are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell lineage gene regulation and cell cycle control. (embl.de)
  • Although the specific roles of this domain and of ARID-containing proteins in transcriptional regulation are yet to be elucidated, they include both positive and negative transcriptional regulation and a likely involvement in the modification of chromatin structure ( PUBMED:10838570 ). (embl.de)
  • Also, a KCNN4 and S100A14-centered protein interaction subnetwork was built from the STRING database, and the shortest regulation path between them, called the KCNN4-UBA52-KLF4-S100A14 axis, was identified. (oncotarget.com)
  • 1) The regulation of these protein levels is vital for the understanding of the cell cycle control and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
  • 1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
  • Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (cubebiosystems.com)
  • The oncogenic activity of Myc family proteins is initiated when their transcriptional regulation is disrupted by events such as gene amplification and gene translocation, which typically lead to elevated cellular Myc levels. (silverchair.com)
  • A clear response to DNA damage was observed, with down-regulation of the DNA replication machinery, changes in transcriptional regulatory proteins, and up-regulation of the biosynthetic enzymes for beta-carotene, which has UV protective properties, and proteins that detoxify reactive oxygen species. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor suppressor11
  • The protein functions as a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein forms a complex with p53 and negatively regulates p53 transcription, and functions as a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator. (thermofisher.com)
  • Driver events in pediatric malignancies can occur through loss of function in tumor suppressor genes or gain of function in proto-oncogenes. (medscape.com)
  • RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
  • This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein containing transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. (ayassbioscience.com)
  • The tumor suppressor p53 transactivates the expression of a number of genes to exert its multifaceted features and in the end maintains genome stability. (aprofarm.org)
  • The protein localizes to the cytoplasmic microtubule network and binds APCL, a homolog of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Signal transduction3
  • It was found that the C . crescentus genome encodes for more two-component signal transduction proteins that assist in cell cycle progression than any other bacterial genome sequenced so far. (kenyon.edu)
  • Several two-component signal transduction proteins are involved in the cell cycle progression by accumulating at one or both poles "in a spatial and temporal pattern that is reproduced during each cycle" (Jacobs-Wagner 2003). (kenyon.edu)
  • This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. (cancerindex.org)
Metabolism7
  • We identified 1149 differentially expressed genes, which were separated into two major modules by weighted gene correlation network analysis, one consisting of mostly upregulated genes correlated with regeneration and the other consisting of only downregulated genes associated with metabolism and homeostatic processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • DNA damage leads to cellular responses that include the increased expression of DNA repair genes, repression of DNA replication and alterations in cellular metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polymorphisms in the estrogen metabolism genes CYP17, CYP1B1, CYP1A2, COMT and ER alpha and susceptibility to primary intracranial brain gliomas in women. (cdc.gov)
  • We evaluated the associations of polymorphisms in genes important in estrogen metabolism with the risk of glioma in women. (cdc.gov)
  • However, polymorphisms in estrogen metabolism genes do not appear to have a strong association with glioma risk in women. (cdc.gov)
  • Future analyses will include polymorphisms in additional genes encoding enzymes important in carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, cell cycle control, and immune function, and additional occupational exposures. (cdc.gov)
Inhibitor2
  • One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. (cubebiosystems.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
Progression5
Pathways3
  • In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • In addition to DNA repair proteins, bacteria and eukaryotes have damage response pathways whose function is to detect DNA damage and modulate cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular10
  • Finally, we provide evidence that cellular phenotypes associated with autism-linked gene haploinsufficiency can be rescued by transcriptional activation of the intact allele in vitro, offering a proof of concept for a potential therapeutic approach for ASDs. (nature.com)
  • However, the molecular and cellular functions of the majority of the identified genes remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate cellular protein composition by providing target recognition and specificity to the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation pathway 12 . (nature.com)
  • CUL3 is a conserved protein of the Cullin family, comprising eight members, which contain a conserved cullin homology domain, named after its ability to select cellular proteins for degradation. (nature.com)
  • The DNA repair protein O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) plays an important role in cellular resistance to alkylating agents. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A cellular DNA-repair protein, namely O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein, reverses alkylation at the O 6 position of guanine, thereby inhibiting the lethal cross-linking and bringing about resistance to alkylating agents ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • This enables cells to communicate and respond to external environments, maintain cellular homeostasis, and transduce signals. (mdpi.com)
  • Members of what's called the DAZ family, the genes are unusual in that they encode RNA-binding proteins rather than the DNA transcription factors more commonly known to regulate cellular events. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Mitochondria, a powerhouse of the cell, are rich in a large number of enzymes, which not only participate in cellular oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, but also regulate intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species to maintain cellular homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another characteristic architectural feature found in many of these tumors is a pseudoalveolar pattern in which cells are arranged in alveolae with central cellular discohesion (see the fourth image below). (medscape.com)
S1003
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. (cancerindex.org)
  • S100 calcium-binding protein A5 ( S100A5 ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A5 gene . (wn.com)
  • This protein has a Ca 2+ affinity 20- to 100-fold higher than the other S100 proteins studied under identical conditions. (wn.com)
Alternatively spliced1
  • Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. (cancerindex.org)
Variants5
  • Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (thermofisher.com)
  • Alternative splicing of this gene and the use of alternate promoters result in multiple transcript variants and isoforms. (ayassbioscience.com)
  • Moreover mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines, efficient protein-based vaccines are wanted for immunization in opposition to present and rising variants. (humgen.org)
  • Seven-hundred controls from the local population were used to detect gene-sets significantly enriched with rare variants in CDD patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Nuclear4
  • Its official name is BTG3 associated with nuclear protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biophysical Analysis of the N-Terminal Domain from the Human Protein Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit PNUTS Suggests an Extended Transcription Factor TFIIS-Like Fold. (nih.gov)
  • We show that dri encodes a nuclear protein that contains asequence-specific DNA-binding domain that bears no similarity to knownDNA-binding domains. (embl.de)
  • In Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma, tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and high nuclear grade are often arranged in large nests with a delicate, intervening vascular stroma. (medscape.com)
Chromatin remodeli1
Target genes2
  • The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. (hmdb.ca)
  • Here, we show that c-Myc induction during cell cycle entry leads to a transient decrease in Mnt-Max complexes and a transient switch in the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max on shared target genes. (silverchair.com)
Tumors6
  • Vaccine-boosted CAR T promoted dendritic cell (DC) recruitment to tumors, increased tumor antigen uptake by DCs, and elicited the priming of endogenous anti-tumor T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, CAR-T-cell-derived IFN-γ plays a critical role in promoting AS, and vaccine boosting provides a clinically translatable strategy to drive such responses against solid tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nearly 50% of the cells recovered from tumors display either a mutation or a deletion of the gene that encodes p53. (reasons.org)
  • Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Psammoma bodies and scattered xanthoma cells have been described in some tumors. (medscape.com)
Immunohistochemistry2
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect expression of the S100A8 protein in 74 tissue samples of endometrial cancer and 22 normal endometrial tissue samples. (medscimonit.com)
  • In this study, we used 7 publicly available microarray datasets to identify gene signatures related to recurrence in optimally debulked SOC patients, and validated their expressions in an independent clinic cohort of 127 patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC). (oncotarget.com)
Susceptibility genes1
  • This result strengthens support for the hypothesis that shared susceptibility genes within this chromosomal locus might be involved in the pathogenesis of both CHD and gAgP. (biomedcentral.com)
Phenotypes3
  • These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The susceptibilities of C. neoformans cells of the biofilm and planktonic phenotypes to four antifungal agents were examined. (who.int)
Antibody8
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: CDP/CUTL1 Antibody (2A10) [H00001523-M01] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to CUTL1 on HeLa cell. (novusbio.com)
  • Quality control test: Antibody Reactive Against Recombinant Protein. (novusbio.com)
  • Antibody reactivity against recombinant protein for WB. (novusbio.com)
  • Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Anti centriole and centrosome antibody IgG in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (microarraystation.com)
  • Here, by using tumour organoids comprising macrophages and cancer cells opsonized via a monoclonal antibody, we show that highly ordered clusters of macrophages cooperatively phagocytose cancer cells to suppress tumour growth. (bvsalud.org)
  • In mice with poorly immunogenic tumours, the systemic delivery of macrophages with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) genetically knocked out or else with blockade of the CD47-SIRPα macrophage checkpoint was combined with the monoclonal antibody and subsequently triggered the production of endogenous tumour-opsonizing immunoglobulin G, substantially increased the survival of the animals and helped confer durable protection from tumour re-challenge and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Briefly, β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-linked antibody/N protein/aptamer immunocomplexes had been fashioned on magnetic beads (MBs). (humgen.org)
  • The detection restrict of this digital methodology for N protein was 33.28 pg/mL, which was 300 instances decrease than conventional double-antibody sandwich primarily based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (humgen.org)
Embryonic development2
  • And because germ cells begin to form very early in embryonic development (by eight to 10 weeks), there's been a dearth of human material to work with. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Conceivably, DNA alterations in genes governing the embryonic development of the hepatobiliary-pancreatic system could underlie CDD. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosomes4
  • Double minute chromosomes (dmins) are a form of gene amplification presenting as small spherical paired chromatin bodies. (hindawi.com)
  • The current study attempts to demonstrate the existence of double minute chromosomes via FLT3 gene amplification in a patient diagnosed with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). (hindawi.com)
  • Double minute chromosomes (dmins) are cytogenetic indicators of extrachromosomal gene amplification which usually act as small spherical paired chromatin particles [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • X-rays or mitomycin, the prophage can be separated from bacterial chromosomes and enter the lytic cycle. (biologydiscussion.com)
Western Blotting3
  • S100A8 mRNA and S100A8 protein levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. (medscimonit.com)
  • The effects of expression of the S100A8 gene by endometrial cancer cells was investigated by the MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptotic assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. (medscimonit.com)
  • Western blotting confirmed the expression of DRAM2, p53, and the other involved proteins. (cancerindex.org)
MRNA3
  • The binding of miRNA- protein complexes to mRNA causes translation inhibition or destabilisation of target transcripts. (ukessays.com)
  • 1) This is resulting in the downregulation of the protein encoded by mRNA. (ukessays.com)
  • The existence of the mTORδ isoform was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels by identifying corresponding EST clones and detecting the splice variant with specific anti-mTORδ antibodies. (ucl.ac.uk)
Locus4
  • The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
  • This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
  • These translocations most commonly involve the TFE3 gene on locus Xp11.2 and less commonly involve the TFEB gene on locus 6p21. (medscape.com)
  • Intragenic recombination among ospC genes is known, but the extent to which recombination extended beyond the ospC locus itself is undefined. (cdc.gov)
Family of proteins1
Regulatory6
  • This was studied by using the CtrA gene, which encodes for an important cell cycle regulatory protein. (kenyon.edu)
  • In order to analyze the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms and other mechanisms of Caulobacter , many mutant strains have been made and studied. (kenyon.edu)
  • Other proteins containing the conserved motifinclude yeast SWI1, two human retinoblastoma binding proteins, and othermammalian regulatory proteins. (embl.de)
  • pRB functions as a negative regulatory transcription factor during the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. (medscape.com)
  • This insertion event can damage the genome by disrupting DNA sequences that encode proteins or DNA sequences that play a regulatory role. (reasons.org)
  • The regulatory interactions of mTOR are mainly mediated by HEAT (Huntingtin, Elongation factor 3, protein phosphatase 2A, and TOR1) repeats and FAT (FRAP, ATM and TRRAP) domains. (ucl.ac.uk)
Human16
  • Human BANP genome location and BANP gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. (wikipedia.org)
  • enumerate the key influenza genes responsible for human pathogenicity, their roles in past pandemics, and the potential of avian influenza virus strains to evolve into highly pathogenic and transmissible viruses for human populations. (cdc.gov)
  • The S100B Elisa reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (microarraystation.com)
  • Previous studies have shown the accumulation of human CD14 Hi or CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in the GI tract lamina propria (LP) during inflammation ( 2 , 6 , 11 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Human embryonic stem cells derived from excess IVF embryos may help scientists unlock the mysteries of infertility for other couples struggling to conceive, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers at the school have devised a way to efficiently coax the cells to become human germ cells -- the precursors of egg and sperm cells -- in the laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Figuring out the genetic 'recipe' needed to develop human germ cells in the laboratory will give us the tools we need to trace what's going wrong for these people. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Reijo Pera is a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the medical school and the director of Stanford's Center for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Previous efforts to study infertility have been hampered by the fact that -- unlike many other biological processes -- the human reproductive cycle cannot be adequately studied in animal models. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This is the first evidence that you can create functional human germ cells in a laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the current study, the researchers treated human embryonic stem cells with proteins known to stimulate germ cell formation and isolated those that began to express germ-cell-specific genes -- about 5 percent of the total. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Role of tau N-terminal motif in the secretion of human tau by End Binding proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • Six genes carrying DNVs were associated with human developmental disorders involving epithelial, connective or bone morphologies ( PXDN, RTEL1, ANKRD11, MAP2K1, CYLD, ACAN) and four linked with cholangio- and hepatocellular carcinomas (PIK3CA, TLN1 CYLD, MAP2K1) . (biomedcentral.com)
  • pendent of those associated with cretory ducts, columnar epithelia the KRAS gene is more frequent- other key mechanistic characteris- lining the gastrointestinal tract and ly mutated in human cancer, which tics of IARC Group 1 carcinogens. (who.int)
  • This rate is patterns, gene sequencing, immuno- Centre for Disease Prevention and higher than that of severe acute respira- genicity and the animal-human and hu- Control (ECDC) and the National In- tory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), man-human interfaces. (who.int)
Progenitor cells2
  • The upregulation of HSP70 chaperone genes was verified and their expression confirmed in BS vasculature cells previously identified as stem and progenitor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
Cytoplasm4
  • The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. (cancerindex.org)
  • In Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC), cells typically have voluminous cytoplasm, which can range from eosinophilic and granular to clear. (medscape.com)
  • at least focally, tumor cells often have abundant clear cytoplasm, mimicking clear cell RCC. (medscape.com)
  • If the membrane-anchor is missing or defective, Fp and Ip subunits accumulate as soluble proteins in the cytoplasm. (lu.se)
Cytoplasmic1
  • NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing. (hmdb.ca)
Regulator3
  • A mouse B-cell-specific regulator exhibits75% identity with DRI over the 137-amino-acid DNA-binding domains of theseproteins, indicating a high degree of conservation of this domain. (embl.de)
  • Here, we show that DRAM2 may act as an oncogenic regulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cancerindex.org)
  • The c-Myc oncoprotein is strongly induced during the G0 to S-phase transition and is an important regulator of cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)
Biol3
Regulates5
  • MYC dephosphorylation by the PP1/PNUTS phosphatase complex regulates chromatin binding and protein stability. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, we found that Pls3 cell-autonomously regulates cell migration by regulating actin cytoskeleton organization, and its levels are inversely proportional to neural migration speed. (nature.com)
  • At the molecular level, Cul3 regulates cytoskeletal and adhesion protein abundance in mouse embryos. (nature.com)
  • It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • Description: ARHGDIA regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the Rho proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. (internationalshouldergroup.org)
Clusters4
  • Caulobacter also has several genes and clusters of genes that are essential for survival in habitats with poor nutrients. (kenyon.edu)
  • However, macrophage clusters in tumour-cell nests have been associated with survival in some tumour types. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example the head and tail synthesis, replication and recombination genes are arranged in four distinct clusters. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The flavin together with the iron-sulfur clusters function to mediate electron transfer from the dicarboxylate binding site on the Fp subunit to the membrane-anchor domain where quinone is reduced to quinol. (lu.se)
Expression of ge1
  • And yet deleting or increasing the expression of genes in the womb to understand why is both impossible and unethical. (sciencedaily.com)
Replication6
Genome4
  • TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
  • And if there is a biomolecule that plays the role of a superhero, it would be p53 , a protein that has been nicknamed the "guardian of the genome. (reasons.org)
  • It preserves genome stability by binding to damaged DNA and activating DNA repair proteins. (reasons.org)
  • New insight into p53 function shows that, in addition to guarding the genome (and playing other heroic roles), this protein also helps defend the RTB genomics creation model from one of its most serious threats-the widespread presence of endogenous retroviral (ERV) sequences in genomes. (reasons.org)
Cancers4
  • We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, most cancers cells develop numerous mechanisms to decrease p53 expression and bypass the cell cycle checkpoint. (aprofarm.org)
  • Maximizing phagocytic potency by increasing macrophage numbers, by tumour-cell opsonization and by disrupting the phagocytic checkpoint CD47-SIRPα may lead to durable anti-tumour responses in solid cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Frameshift mutation of MAPRE3, a microtubule-related gene, in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. (nih.gov)
Humans2
  • Protein BANP is a protein that can be found in humans, it is encoded by the BANP gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in humans, and Ly6C Hi monocytes in mice. (frontiersin.org)
Genomic5
  • Vitamin D is a hormone regulating not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also, at the same time, exerting many other extraskeletal functions via genomic effects (gene transcription) and probably by non-genomic effects as well. (karger.com)
  • However, it has much broader effects mediated by genomic (vitamin D directly or indirectly influences expression of up to 2,000 genes) as well as non-genomic mechanisms [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
  • Recent high-impact research has shown the genomic/genetic differences between cancer and normal cells using methods such as next-generation sequencing [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • The head is made of protein of several types and contains a 46,500 bp long genomic (g) DNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Biotech Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Germa- cation of the virus in cells heterozygous for ny) was used to extract genomic DNA the mutation proceeded at an intermediate from white blood cells following the lysis rate [ 5 ]. (who.int)
Regulate cell2
  • Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. (cancerindex.org)
  • May play a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements and regulate cell spreading through activation of the effector TNIK. (nih.gov)
Distinct2
  • mTOR is a key component of two distinct multi-protein complexes in mammalian cells, termed mTOR complex 1 (TORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). (ucl.ac.uk)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
Recombination2
  • In recombination BANP protein represses T-cell receptors to control recombination during transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • The left operon is associated with integration and recombination events of lysognic cycle. (biologydiscussion.com)
Repair genes2
Overexpression2
  • DRAM2 overexpression also increased proteins CDK4, CyclinD3, and decreased p27 expression, all of which are cell cycle-related factors. (cancerindex.org)
  • Overexpression of BOULE increased the relative proportion of putative germ cells from 2 to 12 percent in female, but not male, cell lines. (sciencedaily.com)
Specificity1
  • Gelretardation and optimal binding site screens revealed that the in vitrosequence specificity of DRI is strikingly similar to that of manyhomeodomain proteins, although the sequence and predicted secondarystructure do not resemble a homeodomain. (embl.de)
Synthesis1
Cancer13
  • 1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Besides cancer, some miRNAs genes cause or contribute in many inherited and genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • These 12 genes are located at a region, which is frequently deleted in cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • DRAM2 acts as an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer and suppresses the expression of p53. (cancerindex.org)
  • Although CDNs were not directly tumoricidal, LND-CDN uptake by cancer cells correlated with robust T-cell activation by promoting CDN and tumour antigen co-localization in dendritic cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A cancer may release cells into the circulation at a very early stage of development. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
Pathway1
  • Activation of the innate immune STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) pathway potentiates antitumour immunity, but systemic delivery of STING agonists to tumours is challenging. (bvsalud.org)
Melanoma1
  • Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in several neurological, neoplastic, and other types of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, melanoma, and type I diabetes. (microarraystation.com)
Transcription factor gene family2
  • This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor gene family. (transcriptionfactor.org)
  • Translocation carcinoma is a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype that harbors a translocation involving a member of the microphthalmia transcription factor gene family. (medscape.com)
Glioma1
  • Here, we show that IFN-β sensitizes glioma cells that harbor the unmethylated MGMT promoter and are resistant to temozolomide. (aacrjournals.org)
Molecular1
  • The binding was detected by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. (biomedcentral.com)