Gene cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Medical search. Frequent questions

The p21 (CIP1/WAF1) protein binds to and inhibits the activity of cyclin-CDK2, -CDK1, and -CDK4/6 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell cycle progression at G1 and S phase. (wikipedia.org)
The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
EBF3 bound directly to p21 cip1/waf1 promoter and regulated transcription from both p21 cip1/waf1 and p27 kip1 promoters in reporter assays. (aacrjournals.org)
This gene encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1), a factor implicated in cell cycle, senescence, and cancer. (ed.ac.uk)
This new and unprecedented evidence for a link between SdhD dysfunction and p21(WAF1/Cip1) will open new avenues for the study of the mechanisms that cause tumors in Sdh mutants. (ed.ac.uk)
Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking Cip1 and Kip1 genes encoding inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 were used to further explore the effects of oncogenic Ras on arrest of the cell division cycle. (ku.dk)
Although early passage primary fibroblast strains that lack both p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) fail to assemble cyclin D-dependent kinases, oncogenic Ras retained its ability to induce p19(ARF), but not p16(INK4a), protecting Cip/Kip-null cells from proliferating and undergoing transformation. (ku.dk)
Therefore, in the absence of p16(INK4a), p21(Cip1), and p27(Kip1), oncogenic Ras affects the functions of genes required for completion of the cell cycle. (ku.dk)
TGF-b inhibits cell growth by controlling a cytostatic program that includes activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15 Ink4B and p21 WAF1/Cip1 and repression of c-myc. (tmc.edu)
Specifically, DLX4 blocked the ability of TGF-b to induce expression of p15 Ink4B and p21 WAF1/Cip1 by directly binding to Smad4 and to Sp1. (tmc.edu)
In addition, DLX4 induced expression of c-myc, a repressor of p15 Ink4B and p21 WAF1/Cip1 transcription, independently of TGF-b signaling. (tmc.edu)
Unlike iPS cells, undifferentiated FReP cells proliferate slowly and express low proto-oncogene c-MYC and unexpectedly high levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15(Ink4B) and p21(WAF1/Cip1). (ca.gov)
Remarkably, in a fashion reminiscent of quiescent stem cells, the slow replicative phenotype of undifferentiated FReP cells reverses after differentiation induction, with differentiating FReP cells proliferating faster and expressing less p15(Ink4B) and p21(WAF1/Cip1) than differentiating iPS cells. (ca.gov)
Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
We demonstrated that deferasirox increased expression of the metastasis suppressor protein N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 and upregulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1) while decreasing cyclin D1 levels. (birmingham.ac.uk)
As a universal inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and one of the target genes of the tumor suppresser p53, p21Waf1/Cip1 can act as a tumor suppresser through its ability to control cell cycle progression. (ox.ac.uk)

identified a protein p21 (WAF1) which was present in cells expressing wild type p53 but not those with mutant p53, moreover constitutive expression of p21 led to cell cycle arrest in a number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
In response to DNA-damaging agents, the wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1 also known as p21) is an important downstream effector in the p53-specific growth arrest pathway. (lu.se)

Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
a map is constructed that shows interactions among molecular entities (such as genes, proteins and RNAs), using information from literature and databases. (hindawi.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) are proteins that bind to and inhibit the activity of CDKs. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic expression vectors containing genes encoding plant proteins for killing of cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
consequently, genes encoding some of these proteins are being used to design constructs for the inhibition of multiplying cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)

However p21 may inhibit apoptosis and does not induce cell death on its own. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of p21 to inhibit apoptosis in response to replication fork stress has also been reported. (wikipedia.org)
The serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines as well as the expression of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in colonic tissue were also analyzed. (carcinogenesis.com)
These findings indicate that the doenjang attenuated colon carcinogenesis induced by AOM and DSS by ameliorating the symptoms of colon cancer, reducing the occurrence of neoplasia, regulating proinflammatory cytokine levels, and controlling the expressions of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in the colonic tissue. (carcinogenesis.com)
LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (lsbio.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
It was identified that propofol inhibited the viability and invasion, but promoted apoptosis of HGC‑27 and AGS cells in a dose‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
In this model, the senescence-sensitive promoter from the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A ( Cdkn2a ) gene, also known as p16 INK4a , drives expression of 3MR, a fusion protein that is composed of luciferase and red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporters and herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase, which converts ganciclovir (GCV) into an apoptosis inducer. (jax.org)
Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)

This protein is encoded by the CDKN1A gene located on chromosome 6 (6p21.2) in humans. (wikipedia.org)
In ILC and ILC-LTED cells, WNT4 led to suppression of CDKN1A/p21, which is critical for ILC cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
However, we found that the Cdkn1a gene was up-regulated in both tissues. (ed.ac.uk)
This protective effect of preaccumulated p53 was mediated, at least in part, by the increased expression of CDKN1A/p21, subsequent down-regulation of BRCA1, and impaired JNK activation accompanied by decreased association of replication protein A with chromatin. (rupress.org)

To demonstrate the application of this approach, we adopt it to investigate mechanisms of collective repression on p21 by multiple miRNAs. (hindawi.com)
Finally, the integration of quantitative data and modeling helped us to generate and validate hypotheses about mechanisms of collective miRNA repression on p21. (hindawi.com)
Since the recruitment of HDAC leads to transcriptional repression, inhibitors of this enzymatic activity can reverse aberrant repression in cancer cells and lead to re-expression of epigenetically silenced genes involved in growth and differentiation processes. (iiarjournals.org)

At the molecular level, pitavastatin induced expression of the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 in a cholesterol independent manner, blocked repressive phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein at CDK targeted sites, and reduced expression of E2F target genes required for progression through the G1/S boundary. (oncotarget.com)

PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)

Interestingly, in eight cases with p53 wild-type gene, 6 cases (75%) showed a marked down-regulation of p14ARF mRNA, and three cases (37.5%) over-expressed MDM2 mRNA. (nih.gov)
Only one case with wild-type p53 gene showed normal level expression of p53 regulatory-factors (p33ING1, p14ARF, and MDM2). (nih.gov)
Rather, p53 accumulation by either knockdown of Mdm2 or addition of an Mdm2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3, before irradiation strongly attenuated the UV-induced DDR and increased cell survival. (rupress.org)

Whereas p16(INK4a) antagonizes the activities of cyclin D-dependent kinases, p19(ARF) activates the p53 transcription factor. (ku.dk)

p21Cip1 (alternatively p21Waf1), also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) that is capable of inhibiting all cyclin/CDK complexes, though is primarily associated with inhibition of CDK2. (wikipedia.org)
Oncogenic Ras induces p19ARF and growth arrest in mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 without activating cyclin D-dependent kinases. (ku.dk)

RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
In this work, we made use of the inducible SDHD-ESR mouse, a conditional mutant in the SdhD gene, which encodes the small subunit of MCII, and that acts as a tumor suppressor gene in humans. (ed.ac.uk)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

p21 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI). (wikipedia.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent effectors in gene regulatory networks where aberrant miRNA expression can contribute to human diseases such as cancer. (hindawi.com)
Concretely, E2 or BPA decreased the gene expression of p21, which is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor and responsible for the cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, to proliferate the BG-1 cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)

As a start to designing those gene-targeting tools, Elledge, now a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, began by trying to clone the mammalian homolog of recA , a bacterial gene required for DNA repair via recombination. (the-scientist.com)

Results: Data addressing the function of vectors harbouring genes specifically encoding ricin, saporin, lunasin , linamarase, and tomato thymidine kinase 1 under the control of different promoters are summarised here. (weeksmd.com)
Herpes virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) is used in suicide gene therapy. (umich.edu)
Lyoma virus enhancer, HSV-tk enhancer and promoter, HSV thymidine kinase. (umich.edu)

Experiments looking at CDK2 activity within single cells have also shown p21 to be responsible for a bifurcation in CDK2 activity following mitosis, cells with high p21 enter a G0/quiescent state, whilst those with low p21 continue to proliferate. (wikipedia.org)
Follow up work, found evidence that this bistability is underpinned by double negative feedback between p21 and CDK2, where CDK2 inhibits p21 activity via ubiquitin ligase activity. (wikipedia.org)
also found that γ-irradiation of fibroblasts induced a p53 and p21 dependent cell cycle arrest, here p21 was found bound to inactive cyclin E/CDK2 complexes. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin E forms complexes during this interval with CDK2. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene increase with tumor progression in colorectal cancers. (nih.gov)
Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (lsbio.com)
This study evidently demonstrates the potentiating effect of ICA on neural stem cell growth and proliferation, which might be mediated through regulation of cell cycle gene and protein expression promoting cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Pharmacological treatment of AD such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA channel blocker has some beneficial effects on cognitive and behavioral symptoms, but it does not stop or reverse the progression of the disease [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)
Deletion or mutation of the p16 gene leads to tumor development or tumor progression. (umich.edu)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were not significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, time to progression, or overall survival in the whole patient population or in the docetaxel group. (lu.se)

The binding of p21 to CDK complexes occurs through p21's N-terminal domain, which is homologous to the other CIP/KIP CDK inhibitors p27 and p57. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclins and CDKs assemble into complexes with one another as cells progress through G1 phase, cyclins being required to activate the serine-threonine kinase activity of their catalytic partners. (biomedcentral.com)
The p21 family (p21, p27, p28 and p57) can bind to broad range of CDK-cyclin complexes and inhibit their activities. (biomedcentral.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

PCNA is a co-factor of cyclin-D and it makes a complex with cyclin-D, a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), and a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI). (biomedcentral.com)

p21 represents a major target of p53 activity and thus is associated with linking DNA damage to cell cycle arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Studies of p53 dependent cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage identified p21 as the primary mediator of downstream cell cycle arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
We demonstrated previously that valproic acid (VPA) and other short-chain fatty acids, as HDAC inhibitors, can arrest cell growth and induce differentiation in human neuroblastoma cells ( 10 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (lsbio.com)
Cyclins regulate the cell cycle in association with cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)
D-type and E-type cyclins assemble with CDKs during the G1 phase and these holoenzymes act as rate-limiting controllers to regulate passage through the restriction point and the subsequent onset of DNA replication [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Also, the alteration of p21 gene expression by E2, BPA, or genistein affected the expression of its downstream genes of cell cycle, cyclin D1 and Cdk-4. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

In a genome-wide screen for putative tumor suppressor genes, the EBF3 locus on the human chromosome 10q26.3 was found to be deleted or methylated in 73% of the examined cases of brain tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
p27 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with many putative functions in normal and neoplastic cells. (umich.edu)

Taken together from these results, we may suggest an anticancer effect of genistein, a dietary phytoestrogen, on the estrogen-dependant cancers like ovarian cancer prompted by E2 or BPA. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
p16 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that has shown prognostic utility in some human cancers. (umich.edu)

Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
[ 3 ] Loss of function mutations in this gene are implicated in pediatric retinoblastoma. (medscape.com)
Our recent report indicated that tumor suppressor gene ( p53 ) mutations and protein aberrant expression were detected in pterygium. (molvis.org)

The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)

The effectiveness of these enzyme inhibitors has been established by many in vitro and in vivo experiments on a variety of tumor types ( 7 - 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)

On the other hand, genistein upregulated the expression of p21 gene cultured in the presence of E2 or BPA, leading to the growth inhibition of the BG-1 cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Combined Aurora kinase and EGFR targeting using a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody was more effective compared to single EGFR and Aurora kinase inhibition. (oncotarget.com)
Studies with pitavastatin in primary patient derived tumor cells and established PDA lines, revealed dose dependent growth inhibition. (oncotarget.com)

The ILC cell lines MDA-MB-134-VI, SUM44PE, and BCK4 were used to assess WNT4 gene expression and regulation, as well as the role of WNT4 in estrogen-regulated proliferation. (nih.gov)
ILC-LTED cells remained dependent on WNT4 for proliferation, by either maintaining ER function and WNT4 regulation or uncoupling WNT4 from ER and upregulating WNT4 expression. (nih.gov)
Finally, the calibrated model is used to study the effect of different miRNA expression profiles and cooperative target regulation on p21 expression levels in different biological contexts. (hindawi.com)
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are physically small, they have been shown to play an important role in gene regulation [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The application of the systems biology approach to the analysis of a gene regulatory network is demonstrated with a case study of the regulation of p21 by multiple miRNAs [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) determine the acetylation status of histones and are therefore considered as key elements in the dynamic regulation of gene expression ( 1 - 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)

In addition, it was found that icariin-induced effect on neural stem cells is associated with increased mRNA and protein expression of cell cycle genes cyclin D1 and p21. (biomedcentral.com)
Fitness assays revealed that both women were infected with replication competent viruses, and both expressed higher mRNA levels of p21 , a host restriction factor associated with viral control. (biomedcentral.com)

succinate dehydrogenase, Sdh) genes cause familiar pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma tumors. (ed.ac.uk)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. (lu.se)

The transcription factor encoded by the homeobox patterning gene DLX4 is overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies. (tmc.edu)

p21 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA polymerase accessory factor, and plays a regulatory role in S phase DNA replication and DNA damage repair. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, p21 has a high affinity for the PIP-box binding region on PCNA, binding of p21 to this region is proposed to block the binding of processivity factors necessary for PCNA dependent S-phase DNA synthesis, but not PCNA dependent nucleotide excision repair (NER). (wikipedia.org)
Studies have also demonstrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4Cdt2 degrades p21 in a PCNA dependent manner over S-phase, necessary to prevent p21 dependent re-replication, as well as in response to UV irradiation. (wikipedia.org)

For a better understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs in coordinating gene expression, we here present a systems biology approach combining data-driven modeling and model-driven experiments. (hindawi.com)
We first construct a p21 regulatory network based on data from the literature and further expand it using algorithms that predict molecular interactions. (hindawi.com)
The systems biology approach, combining data-driven modeling and model-driven experiments, provides a systematic and comprehensive perspective on the regulatory roles of miRNAs in gene regulatory networks [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
To investigate a gene regulatory network, an iterative process of four steps is needed. (hindawi.com)
In turn, these hypotheses, which provide reasonable explanations for the biological phenomenon, lead to an enhanced understanding of the gene regulatory network. (hindawi.com)
Notably, circRNAs display cell-type, tissue-type and developmental-stage specific expression patterns in eukaryotic transcriptome, which reveals their significant regulatory functions in gene expression. (ijbs.com)

In this report, we analyzed p53 protein expression and gene mutation in pterygium in comparison with HPV 16/18 infection and E6 oncoprotein expression in pterygium tissues to understand whether the HPV infection was involved in pterygium pathogenesis. (molvis.org)
Overall, single protein, FMOD-based, cell reprograming bypasses the risks of mutation, gene instability, and malignancy associated with genetically-modified iPS cells, and provides an alternative strategy for engineering patient-specific multipotent cells for basic research and therapeutic application. (ca.gov)
Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)

Specifically, over the G1/S transition it has been demonstrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCFSkp2 induces degradation of p21. (wikipedia.org)
Induces the transcription of long intergenic non-coding RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21) and lincRNA-Mkln1. (lsbio.com)

Recent work exploring p21 activation in response to DNA damage at a single-cell level have demonstrated that pulsatile p53 activity leads to subsequent pulses of p21, and that the strength of p21 activation is cell cycle phase dependent. (wikipedia.org)
p21 is negatively regulated by ubiquitin ligases both over the course of the cell cycle and in response to DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)

2015. Cytochrome P450 1b1 in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced skin carcinogenesis: Tumorigenicity of individual PAHs and coal-tar extract, DNA adduction and expression of select genes in the Cyp1b1 knockout mouse. . (oregonstate.edu)
Likewise, p16/p21 double knockout mice, which have very few senescent cells, showed similar delays in wound closure. (jax.org)

This paper focuses on our increased, though by no means complete, understanding of the vitamin-D-dependent antimicrobial pathway and attempts to adjudicate published evidence regarding the vitamin's alleged role in altering host susceptibility to infections. (hindawi.com)
DNA damage increases TP53 levels through an ATM-dependent pathway. (medscape.com)

Working in mouse models, it was also shown that whilst mice lacking p21 were healthy, spontaneous tumours developed and G1 checkpoint control was compromised in cells derived from these mice. (wikipedia.org)

More importantly, circRNAs serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and crucial regulators of gene expression. (ijbs.com)

Specifically it contains a Cy1 motif in the N-terminal half, and weaker Cy2 motif in the C-terminal domain that allow it to bind CDK in a region that blocks its ability to complex with cyclins and thus prevent CDK activation. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, this study also provides insights into how aberrant activation of a developmental patterning gene promotes tumor pathogenesis. (tmc.edu)

In addition, it increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression levels and increased p21 and p53 expression in the colonic tissues. (carcinogenesis.com)

In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)

Recent work has now found that in human cell lines SCFSkp2 degrades p21 towards the end of G1 phase, allowing cells to exit a quiescent state, whilst CRL4Cdt2 acts to degrade p21 at a much higher rate than SCFSkp2 over the G1/S transition and subsequently maintain low levels of p21 throughout S-phase. (wikipedia.org)
Using ILC cell lines, we previously demonstrated that ER regulates a distinct gene expression program in ILC cells, and we hypothesized that these ER-driven pathways modulate the endocrine response in ILC. (nih.gov)
The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
Without Hes genes such as Hes1 , however, progenitor cells prematurely differentiate into certain types of neurons only, and are depleted before they have proliferated sufficiently and generated all neuronal and glial cell types. (biologists.com)
2014. HDAC8 and STAT3 repress BMF gene activity in colon cancer cells. . (oregonstate.edu)
Further, the mechanism of ICA-induced cell proliferation of neural stem cells was investigated by analyzing the gene and protein expression of cell cycle related genes cyclin D1 and p21. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study showed that icariin promotes the growth and proliferation of neural stem cells from rat hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of p15, p16, p21 and p27 did not vary in granulosa and theca cells by the follicle stage. (biomedcentral.com)
D-type cyclins are usually synthesized by mid-G1 phase and accumulate to a maximum as cells advance through the G1/S boundary. (biomedcentral.com)
The underlying mechanism responsible for the effects of lunasin on NK cells is likely due to epigenetic modulation on target gene loci. (weeksmd.com)
Gene therapy has attracted attention for its potential to specifically and efficiently target cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. (weeksmd.com)
Propofol could inhibit Bcl‑2 and MMP9 expression, and increase P21 expression in GC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Additionally, the effects of transfection with circ‑PVT1 small interfering RNA (si‑circ‑PVT1) on HGC‑27 and AGS cells could be reversed by treatment with miR‑195‑5p inhibitor. (spandidos-publications.com)
In GC, Yang et al ( 7 ) reported that propofol suppressed the proliferation of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells by promoting inhibitor of growth 3 ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The presence of these labeled cells coincided with wound-healing markers, such as p16, p21, SA-β-gal, and inflammatory and pro-angiogenic molecules. (jax.org)
The effectiveness of HDAC inhibitors, expecially VPA, in neuroblastoma cells, prompted us to investigate the anticancer activity of VPA in other neural crest-derived malignancies, such as glioblastoma, melanoma and Askin tumor. (iiarjournals.org)

As such, p21 acts as an effective inhibitor of S-phase DNA synthesis though permits NER, leading to the proposal that p21 acts to preferentially select polymerase processivity factors depending on the context of DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
The synthesis of another G1 phase cyclin, cyclin E, increases in late G1 and decreases once DNA replication is initiated. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

CIP116

WAF12

Proteins7

Apoptosis11

CDKN1A4

Repression3

Target genes1

Protein kinase1

MDM23

INK4a1

P21Cip12

Encodes3

Potent3

Inhibit the activity1

Genetics1

Thymidine kinase3

CDK24

Progression7

Complexes4

CDKI1

Arrest4

Regulate3

Downstream1

Putative2

Cancers3

Mutations3

Murine double minute1

Enzyme inhibitors1

Inhibition3

Regulation6

MRNA2

Tumors3

Transcription factor1

PCNA3

Regulatory6

Mutation3

Induces2

Response to DNA damage2

Knockout2

Pathway2

Checkpoint1

MiRNA1

Activation2

Tissues1

BHLH2

Cells16

Synthesis2