• Thus, unlike other tumor suppressors, RPL5/RPL11 play an essential role in normal cell proliferation, a function cells have evolved to rely on in lieu of a cell cycle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
  • At a fundamental level, cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic changes that result in unregulated cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • MAGEH1 reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. (nih.gov)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • miR-128-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR-binding sequences of the p21 gene, negatively regulated p21 expression, and supported the proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • Our research showed that the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs were repressed by AA through inhibiting miR-128-5p by targeting the p21 gene, which may provide an effective option for the treatment of atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been shown that inflammation caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the occurrence and development of AS [ 1 ], which can promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, proliferation, and transformation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype [ 2 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In each category, studies related to growth control genes, cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair genes, antioxidant and drug detoxification genes, genes of drug metabolizing enzymes, tissue remodeling genes and genes of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were discussed separately. (researchsquare.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Purified cannabinoids have been reported to prevent proliferation, metastasis, and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, we studied the effect of WSC on the proliferation and cell cycle of alveolar type II cells and vascular endothelial cells. (who.int)
  • A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
  • Most cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming that support their survival and proliferation. (degruyter.com)
  • MicroRNAs control the levels of numerous cell cycle regulators that controls cell proliferation. (ukessays.com)
  • Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • In fact, many studies have demonstrated the oleuropein and its derivative have proved pharmacological activity against proliferation of cancer cells and several tumor cell lines by different mechanisms such arrest cell cycle and cause apoptosis in cancerous cells, by modulation of miRNA expression and upregulation and downregulation of several genes. (springer.com)
  • We performed genome-scale loss-of-function screens in 33 cancer cell lines to identify genes essential for proliferation/survival and found a strong correlation between increased gene copy number and decreased cell viability after genome editing. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Within regions of copy-number gain, CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of both expressed and unexpressed genes, as well as intergenic loci, led to significantly decreased cell proliferation through induction of a G2 cell-cycle arrest. (broadinstitute.org)
  • 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
  • We have also developed interests in other pathways which regulate gene transcription and cancer cell proliferation in response to stress and changes in cell metabolism. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Role of CtBP transcriptional repressors in cancer cell proliferation and survival In common with p53, CtBP1 and CtBP2 proteins were discovered through their physical association with a viral oncoprotein. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • [ 3 ] Loss of function mutations in this gene are implicated in pediatric retinoblastoma. (medscape.com)
  • Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
  • More than 170 RPS19 gene mutations have been identified in individuals with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The RPS19 gene mutations that cause Diamond-Blackfan anemia are believed to cause problems with ribosomal function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in this gene cause various glaucoma phenotypes including primary congenital glaucoma, autosomal dominant iridogoniodysgenesis anomaly, and Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition, intrinsic differences in subclonal tumor cells that arise from random mutations can create distinct niches within limited lesions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In primary tumors, mutations in driver genes frequently provide a survival advantage and give rise to a dominant clonal population. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The underlying genetic mutations are known in ~40% of cases and are found within genes associated with telomere maintenance and function. (jci.org)
  • In this episode, Tom Vulliamy and Hemanth Tummala discuss their work, which identifies biallelic mutations in the gene encoding poly(A)-specific ribonuclease ( PARN ) in three families with severe dyskeratosis congenita. (jci.org)
  • These mutations inhibit the deadenylation activity of PARN, resulting in the downregulation of 4 genes involved in telomere maintenance and shortened telomeres. (jci.org)
  • Here, using whole exome sequencing (WES), we have identified biallelic mutations in the gene encoding poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) in 3 families with individuals exhibiting severe DC. (jci.org)
  • The DC-associated mutations identified affect key domains within the protein, and evaluation of patient cells revealed reduced deadenylation activity. (jci.org)
  • Individuals with biallelic PARN mutations and PARN -depleted cells exhibited reduced RNA levels for several key genes that are associated with telomere biology, specifically TERC , DKC1 , RTEL1 , and TERF1 . (jci.org)
  • Individuals who inherit mutations in DNA-damage response genes can exhibit many clinical problems, including cancer predisposition, neurodegeneration, increased cardiovascular disease, and premature aging. (the-scientist.com)
  • The importance of these pathways in cancer prevention is illustrated by the fact that individuals who inherit mutations in any one of the many genes that participate in these stress-induced signal transduction pathways have a very high incidence of cancer. (the-scientist.com)
  • The p53 protein is engaged in the repair of DNA mutations and elimination of heavily damaged cells, providing anticancer protection. (rcsb.org)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
  • It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • RNA profiling identified 2283 differentially expressed genes in F7+F3 treatment, among them genes related to the Wnt signaling pathway and apoptosis-related genes. (nih.gov)
  • VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)
  • Frog egg cell extracts have been used extensively in cell cycle research because they are relatively large, reaching a diameter of 1mm, and so contain large amounts of protein, making protein levels more easily measurable. (wikipedia.org)
  • p27Kip1 protein levels are elevated in arresting cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As loss of RPL5/RPL11 abrogates ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis to the same extent as loss of other essential 60S RPs, we reasoned the loss of RPL5 and RPL11 would induce a p53-independent cell cycle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
  • RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
  • The encoded protein is likely associated with apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition or cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Apoptosis-related protein-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest via downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase subunits. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. (nih.gov)
  • The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)
  • Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • 100 nm) gold nanoparticles and near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation combined with gene therapy targeting heat shock protein (HSP) 27 was investigated. (mdpi.com)
  • The protein produced from the RPS19 gene is among those found in the small subunit. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Badhai J, Frojmark AS, J Davey E, Schuster J, Dahl N. Ribosomal protein S19 and S24 insufficiency cause distinct cell cycle defects in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), a cell cycle checkpoint regulator gene, codes for a kinase protein activated in response to radiation and other agents that cause breaks in the DNA. (termedia.pl)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Among the top ten genes preferentially enriched in these cells, Foxc2 was the only one to code for a protein exclusively present in the nucleus of uSPGs that also expressed ZBTB16, a protein important for SSCs to self-renew. (elifesciences.org)
  • The protein is associated with microtubules , and Chatterjee and colleagues silenced the gene via short interfering RNA (siRNA) a molecular biological mechanism to study genes, targeting the CKAP5 encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery. (medicalxpress.com)
  • One such protein is the cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), widely expressed in a variety of cells to regulate the dynamics of microtubules in human cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • 1) The regulation of these protein levels is vital for the understanding of the cell cycle control and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
  • 2) Therefore, the proper control of protein levels is crucial for the cell cycle. (ukessays.com)
  • 1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • A particular interest of our work has been how HDM2 and HDMX protein synthesis is controlled in response to cell-signalling pathways in different cell types, and how this affects p53 function in these cells. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
  • Therefore, this complex regulatory network requires precise control of gene expression patterns at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in order to ensure proper maturation, differentiation, and formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. (nature.com)
  • It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In CaCo-2 colonic epithelial cells, the expression of this gene increases with cell differentiation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Let-7 Let-7 has an essential role in cell cycle and the differentiation of cell cycle terminals. (ukessays.com)
  • Abaza L, Talorete TP, Yamada P, Kurita Y, Zarrouk M, Isoda H (2007) Induction of growth inhibition and differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells by a Tunisian gerboui olive leaf extract. (springer.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
  • While in G1 the cell synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps of interphase leading to mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the online version, these sections contain links to more information about proteins encoded by over 17,000 known or predicted human genes. (cshlpress.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
  • The RPS19 gene provides instructions for making one of approximately 80 different ribosomal proteins, which are components of cellular structures called ribosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies suggest that some ribosomal proteins may have other functions, such as participating in chemical signaling pathways within the cell, regulating cell division, and controlling the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Deletion or mutation of genes coding for Ku70 or Ku80 proteins results in a highly radiosensitive phenotype [10]. (termedia.pl)
  • Cell mitosis is an attractive target to effectively treat a variety of cancer forms, where microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) assist cells to maintain the stability of cell dynamics. (medicalxpress.com)
  • T he presence and activity of various proteins are required in the cell cycle progression. (ukessays.com)
  • The expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated by Western blotting. (researchsquare.com)
  • Some Example Projects: Regulation of HDM2 and HDMX proteins The HDM2 oncoprotein is the major negative regulator of p53 function in the cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • Induced cell cycle arrest is the use of a chemical or genetic manipulation to artificially halt progression through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells can be induced to arrest as they arrive (at different time points) at a certain phase, so that when the arrest is lifted (for instance, rescuing cell cycle progression by introducing another chemical) all the cells resume cell cycle progression at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mimosine is a plant amino acid that has been shown to reversibly inhibit progression beyond G1 phase in some human cells, including lymphoblastoid cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of serum deprivation - partially or completely removing the serum and its nutrients - has been shown to arrest and synchronize cell cycle progression in G0 phase, for example in neonatal mammalian astrocytes and human foreskin fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unexpectedly, we found that their depletion in primary human lung fibroblasts failed to induce cell cycle arrest but strongly suppressed cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)
  • We show that the effects on cell cycle progression stemmed from reduced ribosome content and translational capacity, which suppressed the accumulation of cyclins at the translational level. (nih.gov)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
  • For optimal responses, DNA repair must coordinate with other cellular processes, such as cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death. (the-scientist.com)
  • All somatic eukaryotic cells arrest progression through the cell cycle when their DNA is damaged, presumably because optimal repair of the damage would be a mechanistic challenge if the cell continued to replicate DNA or segregate chromosomes. (the-scientist.com)
  • C. sativa compounds interact synergistically for cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells and induce cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, and distinct gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
  • 1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
  • p53 is a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage and blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding sequences involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. (hindawi.com)
  • Dmp1 is a unique tumor suppressor that activates Arf expression and thus induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. (eurekalert.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • During development, the blood vascular system arises from endothelial cell progenitors that differentiate from mesodermal cells, mostly through the expression of the transcription factor (TF) ETV2. (nature.com)
  • Activation of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and expression of blood vascular endothelial cell (BEC) markers, such as NRP1 and EphrinB2, further differentiate these precursor cells into BECs, which then form the hierarchical network of blood vessels 4 . (nature.com)
  • In particular, the FANTOM (Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome) consortium pioneered the discovery of the noncoding RNA world by providing, through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE-Seq), the first evidence that large portions of our genome are transcribed, producing a multitude of sense and antisense transcripts 12 . (nature.com)
  • The worst prognosis is in Group 3 patients, who often have high MYC expression, a transcription factor that triggers or blocks any array of target genes. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • An investigation of PLK1 expression in DepMap found PLK1 is a critical mediator in 55 central nervous system cell lines, including eight medulloblastoma cell lines. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Annexin V Assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle, and RNA sequencing was used to determine gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Feature plot showing the expression patterns of FOXC2 and MKI67 in human germ cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • I ) The developmental trajectory of the human germ cells, colored by germ cell type, FOXC2 expression cells (red), or MKI67 expression cells (red). (elifesciences.org)
  • F ) Heatmap showing the expression pattern of markers for cell cycle phase in different clusters. (elifesciences.org)
  • Expression of top 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Cluster1 in Figure 1B and classic spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) and SPG markers in adult human germ cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Feature plots showing the expression pattern of classic SSCs and SPG markers in adult human germ cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • We also assessed the effect of WSC on the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and inflammation. (who.int)
  • The factors responsible for the postnatal and starvation-associated induction of HMGCS2 gene expression have been identified and shown to involve changes in circulating hormone and fatty acid levels. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Identification of PARD3 signature on PARD3 deficient H157 cell line, reconstituting the expression of PARD3 gene, with a wt and a mutant form. (nih.gov)
  • Expression of KiSS1 has been localized to specific regions of the hypothalamus in many species and is regulated by gonadal steroids and across the estrous cycle. (novusbio.com)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • The team started by screening the expression profile of individual cells in a population of mouse uSPGs containing both SSCs and progenitors. (elifesciences.org)
  • More specifically, the lineage-tracing experiments showed that FOXC2-producing uSPGs could produce paired uSPGs that would then either divide to form two single uSPGs (including some that retained Foxc2 expression), or form chains of aligned uSPGs containing at most one FOXC2-producing cell ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
  • This is followed by showing that the same inter-cellular communication mechanism can change the collective behavior of oscillatory gene expression (involving so-called ``clock genes'') thereby reproducing all the empirically observed dynamical transitions in somitogenesis, a fundamental developmental process in all vertebrates. (imsc.res.in)
  • [ 10 ] Multiple biofilm-specific mechanisms are operated simultaneously in a reversible and transient manner contributing to the high levels of antibiotic resistance of biofilms, and these are distinct from the well-characterized intrinsic resistance mechanisms (e.g., expression of antibiotic-degrading enzymes, inducible decrease in antibiotic influx, inducible increase in antibiotic efflux and alteration in antibiotic target sites) employed by planktonic cells. (medscape.com)
  • PARN is an extensively characterized exonuclease with deadenylation activity that controls mRNA stability in part and therefore regulates expression of a large number of genes. (jci.org)
  • As miRNAs proposed to control the expression up to one third of all genes and possibly utilised as diagnostic and prognostic marker for many genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • This process is mediated by various enzymes modifying chromatin structures to achieve the diversity of epigenetic space and the intricacy in gene expression files. (frontiersin.org)
  • From these four compounds, the esterified enantiomer (R)-5a was active in cells, which was evidenced by the increase of p53 levels, the induced expression of p53-target genes (CDKN1A and MDM2), the selective induction of cell cycle arrest, and selective growth inhibition of p53 wt U-2 OS and SJSA-1 compared to p53 del SAOS-2 cells. (rcsb.org)
  • Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
  • tures and gene expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • Abnormal regulation of cell division or inappropriate triggering of apoptosis may contribute to the other health problems and unusual physical features that affect some people with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The rat HMGCS2 gene contains elements that control its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity ( 11 - 14 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Tumor cells are influenced by both genetic factors and environmental elements in the microenvironment, resulting in a complex regulation process ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This deadenylation deficiency caused an early DNA damage response in terms of nuclear p53 regulation, cell-cycle arrest, and reduced cell viability upon UV treatment. (jci.org)
  • The F7 and F7+F3 cytotoxic activity involved cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S or G0/G1 phases, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • also known as CDK4I, Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor A, Multiple tumor suppressor 1, MTS-1, p16-INK4, p16-INK4a, p16INK4A) is encoded by the CDKN2A (also known as CDKN2, MTS1) gene (Gene ID 1029) in human. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The INK and CIP/KIP families of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKis) protect cells from oncogenic signals-initiated cellular transformation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • C ) Heatmap of the top 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Cluster1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Excel spreadsheet with the list of the top 30 differentially expressed genes of different clusters. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, rather than actively modifying the environment, multiple mechanisms guide the evolution of tumor cells through the selection of subclones with the most adaptive phenotype by environmental factors ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • Importantly, Dmp1 overexpression inhibited growth of human lung cancer cells with K-ras mutation and wild-type Arf and p53. (eurekalert.org)
  • In other situations the response is cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death (apoptosis), providing a barrier to further tumour development that the tumour may ultimately circumvent through the acquisition of a mutation in one of the genes within the stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • They are involved in a range of cellular processes, depending upon the transcriptional repressor that recruits them to DNA, and they suppress the transcription of genes that cause apoptosis (reviewed in Bergman et al, 2006a). (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Given that some of the mechanisms below of inducing cell cycle arrest involve damaging the DNA, this allows investigation into how the cell responds to damage of its genetic material. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic engineering of cells with specific gene knockouts can also result in cells that arrest at different phases of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic research suggests that the HLA-DRB1*0405 gene causes a 5-fold decrease in typhoid fever risk ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are the most common type of lung cancer, and scientists have identified distinct patterns of genetic alterations that are associated with this malignancy. (eurekalert.org)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity among tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Multiregional whole-exome or genome sequencing has revealed that there is significant variation in the genetic makeup of tumor cells across different anatomical locations and within the same tumor over time ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It has been discovered that the genetic structure of tumor cells and the components of the immune microenvironment interact with each other. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In fact, scientists still lack genetic markers that clearly allow them to distinguish these cells from the rest of the uSPG pool. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, FOXC2-producing uSPGs were also capable of self-renewal, forming cells which feature genetic markers associated with SSCs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Recent high-impact research has shown the genomic/genetic differences between cancer and normal cells using methods such as next-generation sequencing [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Besides cancer, some miRNAs genes cause or contribute in many inherited and genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables genome editing and somatic cell genetic screens in mammalian cells. (broadinstitute.org)
  • By examining single-guide RNAs that map to multiple genomic sites, we found that this cell response to CRISPR/Cas9 editing correlated strongly with the number of target loci. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • The outcomes highlighted the importance of the gene of interest as a therapeutic target to investigate genetically unstable ovarian cancers to further elucidate its mechanisms of action. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, we must rely on the elegant mechanisms our cells have developed to repair damage. (the-scientist.com)
  • Single-strand breaks are easily fixed, but double-strand breaks require the complex mechanisms of nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination, the latter only being useful in late S, G 2 or M phases of the cell cycle, when homologous chromosomes are present in the cell. (the-scientist.com)
  • 3 Such cellular-suicide mechanisms can eliminate cells that could present problems for the whole organism because of alterations in the DNA or difficulties in dealing with stressful stimuli. (the-scientist.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
  • A) Cell viability at 72 hours and (B) 6 days post-siCKAP5 treatment as measured by methoxynitrosulfophenyl-tetrazolium carboxanilide (XTT). (medicalxpress.com)
  • Values represent average % cell viability compared to cells treated with an equivalent concentration of siControl LNP. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)
  • This effect has important practical implications for the interpretation of CRISPR/Cas9 screening data and confounds the use of this technology for the identification of essential genes in amplified regions. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Genomic Copy Number Dictates a Gene-Independent Cell Response to CRISPR/Cas9 Targeting. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)
  • This indicates the intricate control of metabolism and redox balance for survival of cancer cells that can be targeted by therapeutic agents. (degruyter.com)
  • CtBP activity is modified by UV radiation and glycolytic metabolism, suggesting that CtBPs regulate cell survival in response to cellular stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Another reason synchrony is important is the control for amount of DNA content, which varies at different parts of the cell cycle based on whether DNA replication has occurred since the last round of completed mitosis and cytokinesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • M: A mutant screen of budding yeasts with mitotic arrest identified CDC16, CDC23, and CDC27 as key genes that, when mutated, cause arrest in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This heterogeneity is referred to as 'polymorphism', as tumor cells rapidly undergo mitosis, resulting in the formation of numerous subclones and uncertainty regarding the state of the genome. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • When a single uSPG divides, it can sometimes produce paired daughter cells that remain connected after mitosis. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many chemotherapeutic agents explore defects in the cell cycle machinery of cancer cells to halt the cycle through mitosis inhibition. (medicalxpress.com)
  • However, existing mitosis-targeting chemotherapeutic agents do not discriminate between healthy and malignant cell lines, resulting in severe side-effects . (medicalxpress.com)
  • The challenge therefore is to identify molecular targets associated with mitosis of cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Development of an organism from the embryonic stage involves a number of precisely timed events that arise as a result of interactions between several components including (i) morphogens which set up concentration gradients, (ii) cell-cycle oscillators which regulate mitosis and (iii) inter-cellular communication. (imsc.res.in)
  • INK4a and INK4b are induced by oncogenic Ras and are involved in cell cycle G1 arrest and cellular senescence. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • However, WSC induced cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence mediated by the p53-p21 pathway. (who.int)
  • Examples include exposure to toxic compounds or radiation, loss of contact with other cells or the extra-cellular matrix, lack of oxygen (hypoxia), acidic pH, the activation of oncogenes, induction of cellular senescence, oxidative damage or depletion of essential metabolites. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Among these unconventional activities, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, termed ferroptosis, attracts great interest. (nature.com)
  • Asgharzade S, Sheikhshabani SH, Ghasempour E, Heidari R, Rahmati S, Mohammadi M, Jazaeri A, Amini-Farsani Z (2020) The effect of oleuropein on apoptotic pathway regulators in breast cancer cells. (springer.com)
  • In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)
  • These observations indicate that genome targeting by CRISPR/Cas9 elicits a gene-independent antiproliferative cell response. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)
  • High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • In single celled organisms these pathways are generally involved in ensuring the survival and replication of the individual cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Stress-response pathways play a key role in the patho-physiology and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.At almost every stage of the development of a tumour, cells are exposed to some form of stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Many current and prospective treatments for cancer work by either inhibiting, or re-activating stress response pathways.Our work focuses on the role of regulators of gene transcription in the response of cancer cells to stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Mice lacking the gene for Dmp1 commonly develop lung tumors, and Dmp1 has been identified as a regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway in vitro. (eurekalert.org)
  • The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity has a significant impact on both the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of various immune cells within tumors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ( 5 ), myeloid antigen-presenting cells ( 6 ) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MDS is rare in childhood and may have a rapidly progressive course with an extremely poor prognosis without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (medscape.com)
  • Patients with prolonged neutropenia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or chemotherapy and patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics and high doses of corticosteroids are predisposed to fungal infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In some circumstances, the activation of a stress-response pathway will actually help the tumour cell to survive and proliferate. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Transplantation experiments have revealed that most cells which can perform the hallmark feature of SSCs (that is, re-establishing full spermatogenesis in testes lacking germ cells) are found within the single uSPG population, but may also be present among paired and aligned progenitors ( Kubota and Brinster, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Investigators used CRISPR-Cas9 screening to determine which genes were essential for medulloblastoma tumor growth. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Establishment of six new human biliary tract carcinoma cell lines and identification of MAGEH1 as a candidate biomarker for predicting the efficacy of gemcitabine treatment. (nih.gov)
  • The toxin binds Neu5Ac-terminated glycans, which are expressed exclusively in human cells, resulting in the pathogen's host specificity. (cdc.gov)
  • Presenting the genes of the human genome in their biological context, Guide to the Human Genome is an extensive online resource (also available in print) that provides easy access to information about human genes and their roles in specific processes. (cshlpress.com)
  • We have demonstrated that the hDMP1 gene is hemizygously deleted in a significant percentage of mouse and human non-small-cell lung carcinomas, especially those which retained the intact Arf-p53 pathway," explains Dr. Inoue. (eurekalert.org)
  • We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. (nature.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Identification of the FOXC2 + spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in adult mouse and human testis. (elifesciences.org)
  • H ) t-SNE plot of germ cells in adult human testis (GSE112013), colored by germ cell type. (elifesciences.org)
  • Accordingly, immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies shows that HMGCS2 is expressed mainly in differentiated cells of human colonic epithelium. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cy5 is labeled as magenta, and the cell membrane is stained with rabbit anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor and goat anti rabbit488 antibody. (medicalxpress.com)
  • By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. (researchsquare.com)
  • pendent of those associated with cretory ducts, columnar epithelia the KRAS gene is more frequent- other key mechanistic characteris- lining the gastrointestinal tract and ly mutated in human cancer, which tics of IARC Group 1 carcinogens. (who.int)
  • This disorder primarily affects the bone marrow, which produces new blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies indicate that a shortage of functioning ribosomes may increase apoptosis of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, resulting in a low number of red blood cells (anemia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in childhood encompasses a diverse group of bone marrow disorders that share a common clonal defect of stem cells and that result in ineffective hematopoiesis with dysplastic changes in the marrow. (medscape.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • Based on these findings, we propose that ketogenesis is an undesirable metabolic characteristic of the proliferating cell, which is down-regulated through c-Myc-mediated repression of the key metabolic gene HMGCS2 . (aacrjournals.org)
  • This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from the destruction of insulinproducing β cells in the pancreas, that leads to hyperglycemia [1,2,20]. (researchgate.net)
  • In cell culture, serum is the growth medium in which the cells are grown and contains vital nutrients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • The oncogenic kinase PLK1 controls cell cycle and growth and is a cancer therapeutic target. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Cell cycle and DNA replication are top signaling hubs for medulloblastoma cell growth. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • These cells are then forced to compete for growth and nutrients ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Finally, it is shown that coupling cell-cycle oscillators in a tissue via contact-induced signals can lead to arrest of further growth of an organ once it reaches an appropriate size. (imsc.res.in)
  • thereby, the slow growth rates of biofilm-growing cells will render them less susceptible to antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • [ 18 ] The strategy of triggering cells to enter into persister cell fate is to overproduce the toxins that inhibit cellular processes and growth, which is mediated by toxin-antitoxin modules. (medscape.com)
  • 5 Conversely, p53 induction by oxidative damage may help reduce the development of atherosclerosis, perhaps by suppressing the growth or enhancing the death of cells involved in causing atherosclerotic lesions. (the-scientist.com)
  • KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor (KISS1) is a metastasis suppressor gene that suppresses metastases of melanomas and breast carcinomas without affecting tumorigenicity. (novusbio.com)
  • Most oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, and the vast majority of oral squamous cell carcinomas are preceded by precursor lesions that can be present as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or erythroleukoplakia 14,17 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In vitro cellular uptake studies of the nanoparticles into prostate cancer cell lines were performed using light scattering microscopy to provide three-dimensional (3D) imaging. (mdpi.com)
  • 10) Therefore, it is important to evaluate its role in the cell cycle and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
  • [ 3 ] Taken together, these findings have led some to speculate that LCH is not a specific disease of epidermal Langerhans cells, but rather one of mononuclear phagocyte dysregulation. (medscape.com)
  • It results in a single layer of arrested cells of arrested cells, and is a process that is notably missing in cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene belongs to the non-CT (non cancer/testis) subgroup of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) superfamily. (nih.gov)
  • It has been suggested that radiation sensitivity and chemosensitivity of cancer cells may play an important role in the local control of the tumor following these therapies. (researchsquare.com)
  • The research, published by Cell Press in the October 2007 issue of Cancer Cell , may lead to development of new drug therapies for lung cancer. (eurekalert.org)
  • The researchers demonstrated that Dmp1 also showed haploid insufficiency, meaning that cancer developed even when one copy of the gene was present, in samples from lung cancer patients with non-small-cell lung cancers. (eurekalert.org)
  • Since hDMP1 loss-of-heterozygosity lung cancer cells retain one allele of the hDMP1 locus, this gene might be a promising target for future drug development. (eurekalert.org)
  • Publishing in Cancer Cell 12, 381-394, October 2007. (eurekalert.org)
  • Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in rapidly dividing normal cells and is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including Group 3 medulloblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Photothermal therapy combined with gene therapy that supports hyperthermia is proposed as a novel multimodal treatment method for prostate cancer. (mdpi.com)
  • This study was aimed to specify the cytotoxic effect of C. sativa -derived extracts on colon cancer cells and adenomatous polyps by identification of active compound(s) and characterization of their interaction. (nih.gov)
  • Ethanol extracts of C. sativa were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry and their cytotoxic activity was determined using alamarBlue-based assay (Resazurin) and tetrazolium dye-based assay (XTT) on cancer and normal colon cell lines and on dysplastic adenomatous polyp cells. (nih.gov)
  • The unheated cannabis extracts (C2F), fraction 7 (F7), and fraction 3 (F3) had cytotoxic activity on colon cancer cells, but reduced activity on normal colon cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
  • DNA repair targeted therapy, which kills cancer cells preventing DNA repair [1-3]. (termedia.pl)
  • These inhibitors inhibit NHEJ-catalyzed DSB repair and sensitize in vitro cancer cells to DSB-inducing agents. (termedia.pl)
  • CHEK2 is not only a breast cancer susceptibility gene but also a multi-organ cancer susceptibility gene [15]. (termedia.pl)
  • His current research is on wound healing, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes study of several medicinal plants using animal cell culture. (iium.edu.my)
  • Cancer cells often maintain high basal level of ROS and are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS levels beyond a certain protective threshold. (degruyter.com)
  • Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Redirection of glutamine to cellular energetics destabilizes glutathione homeostasis in glioblastoma cells and other cancer cells [ 9 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • This is because cancer cells maintain high basal level of ROS, thus they are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS (Fig. 1 ). (degruyter.com)
  • ROS-modulation in normal vs. cancer cell. (degruyter.com)
  • Dose-dependent response of CKAP5 knockdown across various cancer cell lines. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In this work, Chatterjee and the team screened the effect of CKAP5 silencing in solid cancer cell lines and in normal non-cancer epithelial cell lines as a negative control. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In the near future, novel chemo-/gene-therapies might be applied to treat cancer patient converting cancerous cells into normal differentiated cells. (intechopen.com)
  • These 12 genes are located at a region, which is frequently deleted in cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • Among others Oleuropein and its derivative compounds (hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and others) were studied in a several types of cancer cells. (springer.com)
  • We've screened more than 1,275 cancer cell lines as part of the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap). (broadinstitute.org)
  • Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • In the late 1990s work from a number of groups, including Blaydes et al , demonstrated that HDM2 could be targeted in cancer cells to re-activate the p53 stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We have undertaken a series of projects examining how HDM2, and its paralogue HDMX is regulated in cancer cells (see Phillips et al, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2006a, 2006b and Phelps et al 2005, 2003). (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Oral Exfoliative Cytology (OEC) is a non-aggressive technique that is well accepted by the patient, and is therefore an attractive option for the early diagnosis of oral cancer, including epithelial atypia and squamous cell carcinoma 5,15 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, the infiltration of organs by a monoclonal population of aberrant cells, the possibility of lethal evolution, and the cancer-based modalities of successful treatment are all consistent with a neoplastic process. (medscape.com)
  • Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Driver events in pediatric malignancies can occur through loss of function in tumor suppressor genes or gain of function in proto-oncogenes. (medscape.com)
  • Results: Out of 50 cases studied, histopathology showed the presence of: Oral squamous cell carcinoma OSCC (n = 28), leukoplakia (n = 8), dysplasia (n = 3), and benign normal lesions (n = 11). (bvsalud.org)
  • This involves spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) dividing to form undifferentiated spermatogonia (uSPGs), which then progress through the meiotic and haploid phases of spermatogenesis to form mature sperm ( de Rooij, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • pRB functions as a negative regulatory transcription factor during the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. (medscape.com)
  • To achieve this, p53 mainly functions as a transcription factor (TF) targeting hundreds of genes, but it also has TF-independent roles in the nucleus and cytoplasm [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
  • New evidence in mice suggests that cells expressing the transcription factor FOXC2 may form a reservoir of quiescent stem cells that contributes to sperm formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, our study provides several lines of evidence supporting the intriguing concept that every cell type expresses precise lncRNA signatures to control lineage-specific regulatory programs. (nature.com)
  • Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)