• It is the catalytic subunit of the 5'-prime-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (wikipedia.org)
  • The kinase activity of AMPK is activated by the stimuli that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glutamate excitation induced a rapid alteration in the AMP:ATP ratio that was associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (jneurosci.org)
  • Notably, inhibition of the CaMKK (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) had little affect on GLUT translocation, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of AMPK (compound C, siRNA) activity prevented GLUT3 translocation to the cell surface after glutamate excitation. (jneurosci.org)
  • We have characterized an AMP-mediated activation of AMPK that facilitates the translocation of GLUT3 to the neuronal cell surface after excitation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The data showed that adenine activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling contributing to autophagic cell death through mTOR in both colon cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in anticancer property of adenine was also investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis and, on the whole animal level, in regulating energy balance and food intake. (usda.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to characterize chicken AMPK gamma gene expression. (usda.gov)
  • Another important pathway is the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • AMPK is often considered a metabolic checkpoint as it can control cell proliferation when activated under energetic stress, and activation of AMKP results in the inhibition of mTOR activity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as LKB1, involved in AMPK activation, have been identified in certain cancers. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In addition, although protective functions are well documented for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), paradoxically, disease-promoting effects have also been demonstrated for this enzyme. (mdpi.com)
  • MTX increases intracellular accumulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (bmj.com)
  • We hypothesised that MTX specifically protects the vascular endothelium against inflammatory injury via induction of AMPK-regulated protective genes. (bmj.com)
  • Studies of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and arterial endothelial cells (HAEC) showed that therapeutically relevant concentrations of MTX phosphorylate AMPKα Thr172 , and induce cytoprotective genes including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1). (bmj.com)
  • Mechanistically, MTX treatment led to cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) Ser133 phosphorylation, while AMPK depletion attenuated this response and the induction of MnSOD and HO-1. (bmj.com)
  • A possible linkage between AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. (benthamscience.com)
  • This gene encodes a protein that binds to the tumor suppressor folliculin and to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and may play a role cellular metabolism and nutrient sensing by regulating the AMPK-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Compared with red meat-diet-fed mice, fiber-diet-fed mice presented a shift in the gut microbiome toward increased production of butanoate, which was accompanied by up-regulation of microbiota- and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent gene expression and decrease in serum concentrations of trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO), triglyceride (TG) and glucose (GLU). (rsc.org)
  • Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis and in modulation of metabolic inflammation, can be downregulated by IκB kinase (IKK)-dependent TNF-α activation. (nih.gov)
  • MedDiet polyphenols are also effective in upregulating downstream effectors of several proteins, chiefly AMPK. (nih.gov)
  • Hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) was activated in the O + B co-treatment group, with a significant reduction in nuclear SREBP-1 protein expression but an increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and its-responsive molecule(CPT1A), compared with olanzapine-only treatment. (edu.au)
  • There was also an upregulation in expression of positive regulators and key components of the AMPK pathway, autophagy, proteasome function, and the unfolded protein response. (nature.com)
  • In the presence of sufficient nutrients, activation of mTOR inhibits the ULK1 complex, whereas, under conditions of nutrient starvation, AMPK inhibits mTOR and activates the ULK1 and PI3KC3 complex leading to initiation of phagophore biosynthesis. (hindawi.com)
  • Induction of canonical autophagy is mainly controlled by the AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and relies on the activation and assembly of two macromolecular complexes, the ATG1/ULK1 and the Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex (Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reportedly mediates the metabolic effects of LA in rodents, no change in AMPK activity was observed, suggesting LA acted independently of this kinase. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The PathScan ® Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) Chemiluminescent Sandwich ELISA Kit is a solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects endogenous levels of phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) protein with a chemiluminescent readout. (cellsignal.com)
  • Following extensive washing, a Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) Mouse Detection Antibody is added to detect the captured phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) protein. (cellsignal.com)
  • The magnitude of light emission, measured in relative light units (RLU), is proportional to the quantity of phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) protein. (cellsignal.com)
  • AICAR is an adenosine analog that selectively activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (stemcell.com)
  • Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a kinase involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, is proposed as a mechanism for the acceleration of glycolysis in hypertrophied hearts. (ubc.ca)
  • Additionally, AMPK influences myocardial structural remodeling and gene expression by limiting hypertrophic growth. (ubc.ca)
  • CA-AMPK stimulated both glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, and also increased protein synthesis and content. (ubc.ca)
  • AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
  • We review studies that support the use of modulators of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) to influence known energy sensors such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to affect food intake and energy consumption. (eurekaselect.com)
  • C75 increases ATP levels in many cell types, including neurons, to signal a favorable energy balance, which in turn inhibits hypothalamic AMPK, and alters gene expression in neurons and in peripheral tissues, further supporting weight loss. (eurekaselect.com)
  • It was previously theorized that metformin activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (upenn.edu)
  • Instead, we believe that metformin may be working through LKB1, a kinase upstream of AMPK. (upenn.edu)
  • These complexes interact with 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that is part of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is involved in cellular energy, cytokinesis, cell motility, cellular adhesion, and nutrient sensing. (medscape.com)
  • Elevated CO(2) levels caused a rapid activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in AECs, a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis. (ilh-giessen.de)
  • Activation of AMPK was mediated by a CO(2)-triggered increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta (CaMKK-beta). (ilh-giessen.de)
  • Chelating intracellular Ca(2+) or abrogating CaMKK-beta function by gene silencing or chemical inhibition prevented the CO(2)-induced AMPK activation in AECs. (ilh-giessen.de)
  • Activation of AMPK or overexpression of constitutively active AMPK was sufficient to activate PKC-zeta and promote Na,K-ATPase endocytosis. (ilh-giessen.de)
  • 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAA1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. (bvsalud.org)
  • Somatic mutations of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA) gene in Japanese patients with several adrenal adenomas secreting cortisol [Rapid Communication]. (cdc.gov)
  • Novel somatic mutations in the catalytic subunit of the protein kinase A as a cause of adrenal Cushing's syndrome: a European multicentric study. (cdc.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)
  • However, it is still largely unknown how cancer cells orchestrate gene regulation to balance their glycolysis and OXPHOS activities. (nih.gov)
  • Previously, by modeling the gene regulation of cancer metabolism we have reported that cancer cells can acquire a stable hybrid metabolic state in which both glycolysis and OXPHOS can be used. (nih.gov)
  • Here, to comprehensively characterize cancer metabolic activity, we establish a theoretical framework by coupling gene regulation with metabolic pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Malik AR, Urbanska M, Skalecka A, Jaworski J. Beyond control of protein translation: what we have learned about the non-canonical regulation and function of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (benthamscience.com)
  • Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. (reference.md)
  • In contrast, radial nerve showed an unexpected level of complexity with the expression of 3,370 genes significantly altered more than two-fold with age, including genes involved in nerve function, signaling, metabolism, transcriptional regulation and chromatin modification. (nature.com)
  • The reduced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative respiration occurs in early adulthood, before the onset of functional decline, and more abruptly than a damage-response model would predict, which supports the possibility of programmed age-related transcriptional regulation 3 . (nature.com)
  • [ 42 ] Another study by Nahorski et al demonstrated tumor suppression by the interaction of p0071 (plakophilin-4, a potential novel folliculin-interacting protein) and the regulation of RhoA. (medscape.com)
  • Peroxiredoxin-2 protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration via attenuation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK1) signaling cascade. (benthamscience.com)
  • The encoded protein may also be involved in regulating the O6-methylguanine-induced apoptosis signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Stabilization of MAPO1 by specific binding with folliculin and AMP-activated protein kinase in O⁶-methylguanine-induced apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • STAT3 mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
  • In summary, our work serves as a platform to symmetrically study how tuning gene activity modulates metabolic pathway activity, and vice versa. (nih.gov)
  • La forma hereditaria puede estar causada por una mutación en el gen PRKAG2 que codifica una subunidad reguladora gamma-2 de la proteína cinasa activada por AMP. (bvsalud.org)
  • Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 1996). "Characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase beta and gamma subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non. (wikigenes.org)
  • Previously, we found that chickens expressed three gamma subunits (gamma 1-3), each encoded by a different gene. (usda.gov)
  • The presence or absence of one exon by alternative splicing of the gamma-1 gene resulted in two transcript variants which code for predicted proteins containing 298 amino acids (4 cystathionine beta-synthase domains, CBSD) or 276 amino acids (3 CBSD). (usda.gov)
  • For the gamma-2 gene, use of an alternate initiation site and promoter and/or alternative splicing resulted in four different transcript variants which code for predicted proteins containing 567 (4 CBSD), 452 (4 CBSD), 328 (3 CBSD) and 158 (2 CBSD) amino acids. (usda.gov)
  • Alternative splicing of exon 3 in the gamma-3 gene resulted in a shift of the open reading frame and the production of 'long' and 'short' transcript variants that code for predicted proteins of 383 and 363 amino acids, both with 4 CBSD. (usda.gov)
  • Chicken gamma genes displayed similar structures and high sequence homology compared to corresponding mammalian gamma gene homologues. (usda.gov)
  • STAT3 can also be activated by Interferon-alpha, Interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. (thermofisher.com)
  • NF-κB regulates gene expression of several oxidant-responsive adipokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). (nih.gov)
  • The tumor suppressor gene ARHI regulates autophagy and tumor dormancy in human ovarian cancer cells. (ac.ir)
  • The autophagophore membrane then elongates and encloses the molecules to be degraded forming an autophagosome, which occurs in two separate conjugation reactions catalyzed by autophagy-related proteins (ATGs). (hindawi.com)
  • AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP. (reference.md)
  • RNA-Seq analysis and the data from experimental models revealed that neutrophilic NCF1-dependent ROS promoted alcoholic hepatitis (AH) by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (a key regulator of lipid metabolism) and microRNA-223 (a key antiinflammatory and antifibrotic microRNA). (jci.org)
  • Results showed that the dietary interventions altered the microbiota composition of cecal digesta, microbiota-mediated metabolism, and the gene expression profile in intestinal epithelial cells. (rsc.org)
  • Age-related gene expression profiles of the short-lived model animals Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster share a common adult-onset expression program of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism, DNA repair, catabolism, peptidolysis and cellular transport 3 . (nature.com)
  • Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is caused by a mutation in the folliculin ( FLCN ) gene that has been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 17, specifically 17p11.2. (medscape.com)
  • Activating hotspot L205R mutation in PRKACA and adrenal Cushing's syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Adenine forms several biological compounds involved in a variety of cellular physiological processes such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular respiration and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in protein synthesis. (hindawi.com)
  • I was able to learn many techniques such as cell culturing and maintenance, mouse caring and handling, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, bicinchoninic acid/ protein assays and glucose hexokinase assays. (upenn.edu)
  • Induces upregulation of the pluripotency network genes (Klf4, Klf2, Nanog, Oct4, Myc, Sox2) and epigenetic-associated proteins (Dnmt3a, Mbd3) in mouse ES cells, and inhibits retinoic acid-induced differentiation (Adamo et al. (stemcell.com)
  • ARHI is a Ras-related small G-protein with a novel N-terminal extension that inhibits growth of ovarian and breast cancers. (ac.ir)
  • The enzymatic activity of sortases can be defined BMS512148 small molecule kinase inhibitor as a cleavage between the threonine and the glycine amino acid of the LPXTG motif to generate an acyl-enzyme intermediate which then reacts with an N-terminal amino-acid around the lipid II, regenerating an amide bond. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Here, we investigated the signaling pathways activated in response to the energetic stress created by transient glutamate excitation in cerebellar granule neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Since endothelial dysfunction precedes overt atherosclerosis, investigating the ability of drugs to activate cytoprotective signalling pathways that prevent or reverse endothelial dysfunction is an attractive research strategy. (bmj.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • NF-κB pathways can be mainly activated by two pathways. (springer.com)
  • The tumor-suppressor gene ARHI (DIRAS3) suppresses ovarian cancer cell migration through inhibition of the Stat3 and FAK/Rho signaling pathways. (ac.ir)
  • E7 from human papil omavirus type 16 cooperate to cancer: the European prospective investigation into doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp321 PMID:20047954 target the PDZ protein Na/H exchange regulatory cancer and nutrition study. (who.int)
  • Epigenetic mechanisms involved in prostate cancer include hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, general hypomethylation of the genome, and alterations in histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs). (oncotarget.com)
  • To study specifically the mechanisms related to Neuhi in AH patients and liver injury, we used the mouse model of chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding and found that myeloid-specific deletion of the Ncf1 gene abolished ethanol-induced hepatic inflammation and steatosis. (jci.org)
  • Few genes show differential expression with age in tissues (brain, liver and kidney) of naked mole rats and, contrary to other mammals and short-lived model animals, mitochondrial gene expression does not change with age 13 . (nature.com)
  • LA offset the rise in blood and liver TG by inhibiting liver lipogenic gene expression (e.g. sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-2), lowering hepatic TG secretion, and stimulating clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Transient activation of AMP-activated protein kinase at G1/S phase transition is required for control of S phase in NIH3T3 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Figure 1: Relationship between protein concentration of lysates from phosphatase-treated and H 2 O 2 -treated C2C12 cells and immediate light generation with chemiluminescent substrate is shown. (cellsignal.com)
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-RT PCR analysis indicates that metformin treatment results in an increased H2A.Z occupancy on the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-regulated genes that is more prominent in the androgen dependent AR positive LNCaP cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Sortase genes are BMS512148 small molecule kinase inhibitor ubiquitous among Gram-positive bacteria. (ampkpathway.com)
  • We BMS512148 small molecule kinase inhibitor report here an analysis of cwss proteins and sortase repertoires. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Interestingly, the triple mutant strains, deleted for all those three sortase genes, are not affected in their virulence, of the BMS512148 small molecule kinase inhibitor genetic background independently, encapsulated or toxinogenic [21], [22]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity of STAT3 while the PIAS3 protein is a specific inhibitor of STAT3. (thermofisher.com)
  • Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. (reference.md)
  • Gene expression is a key determinant of cellular phenotype, and genome-wide expression analysis can provide insight into the molecular events underlying complex processes such as aging. (nature.com)
  • After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Kanekiyo T, Bu G. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 and amyloid-beta clearance in Alzheimer's disease. (benthamscience.com)
  • The hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) target genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation was either unchanged or decreased with LA, indicating a different mode of action than for fibrate drugs. (oregonstate.edu)
  • STAT3 belongs to the family of STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins which are phosphorylated by receptor associated kinases, translocate to the nucleus, and act as transcription factors in response to cytokines and growth factors. (thermofisher.com)
  • Common genetic variants in the glucocorticoid receptor and the 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 genes influence long-term cognitive impairments in patients with Cushing's syndrome in remission. (cdc.gov)
  • A model peptide harboring the KTDNPKTGDEA series in the IsdC proteins was found to become cleaved just by SrtB sortases may screen different levels of specificity for the cleavage of some peptides. (ampkpathway.com)
  • CREB siRNA inhibited upregulation of both cytoprotective genes by MTX, while chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated CREB binding to the MnSOD promoter in MTX-treated EC. (bmj.com)
  • There was an age-related upregulation in expression of genes involved in synaptogenesis, axonogenesis and neuroprotection suggesting preservation of neuronal processes with age. (nature.com)
  • This gene has a closely related paralog that encodes a protein with similar binding activities. (nih.gov)
  • Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. (cancerindex.org)
  • Variants in blood pressure genes and the risk of Accardi R, Rubino R, Scalise M et col . (2011). (who.int)
  • After completing treatment, hepatic mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR, while the protein levels were detected by western blot. (edu.au)
  • and protein kinase activity. (nih.gov)
  • The activity of the p53 gene product is regulated by a plethora of posttranslational modifications. (rupress.org)
  • Both related proteins also associate with the molecular chaperone heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) and negatively regulate its ATPase activity and facilitate its association with folliculin. (nih.gov)
  • qPCR was carried out to determine the changes in mRNA expression of genes of interest. (hindawi.com)
  • In our study, olanzapine-only treatment significantly increased triglyceride accumulation and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and upregulated mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and its target genes, while these alterations were ameliorated by O + B co-treatment. (edu.au)
  • Folliculin-interacting protein FNIP2 impacts on overweight and obesity through a polymorphism in a conserved 3' untranslated region. (nih.gov)
  • The number of different sortase genes present in a given genome depends on the species [8]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • This study was designed to investigate the association of gene polymorphisms in the p53 gene and mitochondrial genome D-loop region with metformin-induced sensitization and prognosis of ovarian cancer. (oncotarget.com)
  • Genome-wide transcriptional profiling using RNA-Seq revealed few age-related changes in gene expression in muscle and esophagus tissue. (nature.com)
  • In humans, the STAT3 gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 17. (thermofisher.com)
  • This study aimed to investigate the possible association between exon 1 polymorphisms of the NOEY2 gene in women with PCOS and diabetes. (ac.ir)
  • For instance, a QVPTG motif-harboring proteins in is certainly a sortase C2 substrate, a course B sortase involved with pilus set up [14]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • A primer pair was designed and synthesized for the exon 1 sequence of the NOEY2 gene. (ac.ir)
  • [ 11 ] In the CALERIE phase 1 study, however, we demonstrated that 6 months of 25% CR in healthy human s increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. (medscape.com)
  • During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)
  • NOEY2 (ARHI), an imprinted putative tumor suppressor gene in ovarian and breast carcinomas. (ac.ir)