This signaling framework represents a new non-canonical regulation of mTOR activity that is independent of AKT and could be a novel mechanism underpinning the action of a variety of G protein-coupled receptors that are linked to the mTOR signaling network. (bvsalud.org)
Markers2
Restoration of receptor expression using adenovirus containing the GcgR cDNA restored hepatic GcgR, phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (P-CREB), and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, markers of glucagon action, rose dramatically and severe hyperglycemia appeared. (elsevierpure.com)
Longer-term (24 and 48 h) treatment reduced the expression of lipogenic markers (FA synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1) and increased the expression of lipolytic [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] and mitochondrial (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) markers. (academic-accelerator.com)
Expression2
The expression levels of LPL (lipoprotein lipase), HSL (Hormone-sensitive lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and PPARα/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma) were significantly changed in the sheep preadipocytes during differentiation for 7 days. (academic-accelerator.com)
05) expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and expressions for Ppara and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in the liver of IUGR-C rats than the IUGR rats. (academic-accelerator.com)
Action2
To determine unambiguously if suppression of glucagon action will eliminate manifestations of diabetes, we expressed glucagon receptors in livers of glucagon receptor-null (GcgR -/- ) mice before and after β-cell destruction by high-dose streptozotocin. (elsevierpure.com)
In conclusion, the metabolic manifestations of diabetes cannot occur without glucagon action and, once present, disappear promptlywhen glucagon action is abolished. (elsevierpure.com)
Secretion of glucagon2
We hypothesized that disruption of glucagon receptor signaling would lead to an increased plasma concentration of amino acids, which in a feedback manner stimulates the secretion of glucagon, eventually associated with compensatory proliferation of the pancreatic alpha-cells. (ku.dk)
Among these so-called counterregulatory responses, secretion of glucagon from pancreatic α-cells is preeminent. (bvsalud.org)
Pancreatic3
Glucagon secreted from the pancreatic alpha-cells is essential for regulation of blood glucose levels. (ku.dk)
Apart from their hyperaminoacidemia, Gcgr-/- mice display hyperglucagonemia, increased pancreatic content of glucagon and somatostatin (but not insulin), and alpha-cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy compared with WT littermates. (ku.dk)
The downregulated expression of pancreatic estrogen receptor α, androgen receptor, and transcription factor PDX1 was responsible for impacting ß-cell development. (bvsalud.org)
Antagonist2
In anesthetized mice, a glucagon receptor-specific antagonist (Novo Nordisk 25-2648, 100 mg/kg) reduced amino acid clearance. (ku.dk)
Ac3IV (Ac-CYIQNCPRG-NH2) is an enzymatically stable vasopressin analogue that selectively activates Avpr1a (V1a) and Avpr1b (V1b) receptors. (bvsalud.org)
Alpha-cell1
In recent years the role of altered alpha cell function and glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes has attracted scientific attention. (bvsalud.org)
Human2
The crystal structure of the full-length human glucagon receptor in an inactive conformation in complex with a negative allosteric modulator NNC0640, and antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of an inhibitory antibody, mAb1. (guidetopharmacology.org)
The aim of this review is to (i) summarize current knowledge on glucagon responses during hypoglycemia in normal physiology and type 1 diabetes, and (ii) review human in vivo studies investigating glucagon responses after other stimuli in individuals with type 1 diabetes and nondiabetic individuals. (bvsalud.org)
Mouse1
Crotedumab, a GCGR antibody, alleviated metabolic derangements in a mouse model of WD-induced NASH. (biocytogen.com.cn)
Data1
Our data support the notion that glucagon secretion and hepatic amino acid metabolism are linked in a close feedback loop, which operates independently of normal variations in glucose metabolism. (ku.dk)
Response1
Glucagon, a hormone secreted in response to a lowering in glucose concentration, counteracts a further drop in glycemia by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in target tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Role1
However, glucagon may play an equally important role in the regulation of amino acid metabolism by promoting ureagenesis. (ku.dk)