Gastrocnemius muscles skeletal muscle contractions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Architectural, functional and molecular responses to concentric and eccentric loading in human skeletal muscle. (upsi.edu.my)
This human skeletal muscle function is to flex your foot, rotate the ankle joints, and lock the knee. (extralargeliving.com)

In vivo, the force-velocity relation (F-v-r) is typically derived from the torque-angular velocity relation (T-ω-r), which is subject to two factors that may influence resulting measurements: tendon compliance and preload prior to contraction. (nature.com)
This effect increased with increasing contraction velocity and can be explained by a rapidly recoiling tendon, allowing the contractile element to contract more slowly, thus developing higher forces compared with non-preloaded contractions. (nature.com)
One of the most fundamental characteristics of skeletal muscle is the force-velocity relation (F-v-r), which has been researched for over a century 1 . (nature.com)
However, by now it is not possible to measure in vivo muscle forces non-invasively, so that the F-v-r of in vivo human muscles is commonly inferred from the joint torque-angular velocity relation (T-ω-r). (nature.com)
Reproducibility of knee extensor and flexor contraction velocity in healthy men and women assessed using tensiomyography: A registered report. (plos.org)
Langen G, Lohr C, Ueberschär O, Behringer M (2022) Reproducibility of knee extensor and flexor contraction velocity in healthy men and women assessed using tensiomyography: A study protocol. (plos.org)
Therefore, a shorter Tc is commonly associated with a higher contraction velocity [ 8 - 11 ]. (plos.org)
Muscular fatigue causes a slowing of muscle contraction velocity, reversing as the muscle recovers from fatigue [ 21 - 24 ]. (plos.org)
Some muscle fibers, anaerobic fast-twitch fibers, have a faster contraction velocity and split ATP faster than their counterpart aerobic slow-twitch fibers. (neurosoma.com)
Fascicle length, pennation angle, lengthening and shortening velocity of their vastus lateralis muscle were analysed using ultrasonography method. (upsi.edu.my)
Comparison of force-velocity relationships of vastus lateralis muscle in isokinetic and in stretch‐shortening cycle exercises. (upsi.edu.my)
Maximum contraction velocity showed a similar relationship. (biologists.com)
The force-velocity relationship was the traditional Hill curve hyperbola, but deviated from the hyperbolic shape in the region of maximum contraction force close to the isometric contraction. (biologists.com)
Contraction Velocity of the Elbow Flexors Assessed by Tensiomyography: A Comparison Between Formulas. (tensiomyography.net)

The top portion of the gastrocnemius features two heads that start on the outside and inside of the thighbone. (extralargeliving.com)

and increased maximal isometric force in the plantar flexor muscles of aged mice after repetitive electrically evoked contractions. (cdc.gov)
Almost all joints in the body are comprised of muscles that operate in pairs: one muscle acts as an extensor, to extend or straighten the joint, and the other muscle in the pair acts as a flexor, to facilitate the bending of the joint. (faqs.org)
The biceps and triceps muscles of the upper arm are an extensor/flexor pair for the elbow joint, as are the quadriceps (extensor) and the hamstrings (flexor) in the movements of the knee. (faqs.org)
Muscle geometry of the middle leg was compared to that of the front and hind legs and to the flexor tibiae,respectively. (biologists.com)

Human musculo-skeletal system. (faqs.org)
When animals move, a neurally generated motor output activates the musculo-skeletal system. (biologists.com)

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated that either an obese-insulin resistance condition or a condition involving loss of estrogen impaired skeletal muscle function as indicated by a decrease in muscle contraction. (cmu.ac.th)

In this research, Pterostilbene was shown to reverse, in a major way, the skeletal infirmities caused by diabetes as judged by the restored values of isometric contraction parameters of gastrocnemius muscle significantly affected by diabetes. (sami-sabinsagroup.com)

The results demonstrated that EMG MNF of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus (VAS), gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) progressively tired during a 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise. (hindawi.com)
Muscles commonly used for functional and mechanistic experiments include the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior (TA), and/or the quadriceps. (biomedcentral.com)

Gastrocnemius muscles were electrically activated with 20 maximal contractions for 3 consecutive days. (cdc.gov)
Acute enhancement of peripheral O2 diffusion may accelerate skeletal muscle O2 uptake (VÌ o2) kinetics and lessen fatigue during transitions from rest to maximal contractions. (bvsalud.org)

The anterior wall of the rectus sheath in all cases was aponeurotic and firmly attached to rectus abdominis muscle. (scielo.cl)
a deep lamina that fused with the aponeurosis of transverses abdominis at the lateral border of rectus abdominis and a superficial lamina that fused with aponeurosis of external oblique abdominis mid-way between the medial and lateral borders of rectus abdominis muscle. (scielo.cl)
1998). This sheath has two walls, anterior and posterior, that enclose rectus abdominis muscle and its neurovascular bundle. (scielo.cl)
EMG activity was recorded from the gastrocnemius and rectus femoris muscles during the falls. (nfshost.com)
A well-known example of a bipennate muscle is the rectus femoris. (medscape.com)

Titin is a giant scaffold protein with multiple functions in striated muscle physiology. (frontiersin.org)
Ben continued his research training at UQ, graduating from a PhD in 2015 entitled "A biomechanical analysis of exercise-induced muscle damage in humans" that resulted in first-author publications in journals such as Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise as well as Journal of Applied Physiology. (edu.au)
This summary discusses the basic anatomy of skeletal muscle, key features of skeletal muscle histology and physiology, and important presentations of muscular disease. (medscape.com)

Strains most commonly occur in muscles working across two joints e.g. hamstrings, gastrocnemius (Jarvinen et al. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are often known as muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
The muscle tissue of a skeletal muscle is striated - having a striped appearance due to the arrangement of the sarcomeres. (wikipedia.org)
both of these types of muscle tissue are classified as involuntary, or, under the control of the autonomic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Each individual fiber, and each muscle is surrounded by a type of connective tissue layer of fascia. (wikipedia.org)
Apart from the contractile part of a muscle consisting of its fibers, a muscle contains a non-contractile part of dense fibrous connective tissue that makes up the tendon at each end. (wikipedia.org)
Connective tissue is present in all muscles as deep fascia. (wikipedia.org)
The muscle will taper at its opposite end into a more slender connective tissue, the muscle tendon, to the connection with the bone, the point of insertion. (faqs.org)
The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
During tourniquet-related ischemia, aerobic respiration stops, and ATP is depleted, and during subsequent reperfusion, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and other endogenous substances, which leads to acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries, including tissue necrosis and skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction. (nebraska.edu)
Investigators currently employ a variety of established methods for answering such questions, but are often experimentally hampered by unique inherent heterogeneity between muscle groups and cells within the same muscle tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the great advantages of tissue engineering of skeletal muscle is that adult skeletal muscle contains many myogenic precursor stem cells, termed "satellite cells", which are involved in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle throughout the lifespan. (josam.org)
Prior to tissue engineering of functional skeletal muscle from satellite cells harvested from aged mammals, two key questions must be addressed. (josam.org)
To study the capacity of satellite cells to form into functional skeletal muscle tissue de novo in culture, we have developed several in vitro tissue models. (josam.org)
The purpose of the current study was to compare the excitability and contractility of myooids engineered from skeletal muscles of 32-month-old rats with that of myooids engineered from adult rat tissue. (josam.org)
Muscle definition is - a body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion. (vivekanandagospel.org)
Muscle Anatomy Word Search Puzzle Games - Muscle is a tissue composed of fibers that have the ability to contract, and producing movement in the body. (vivekanandagospel.org)
In our experiments we also study cell and tissue properties (nerve and muscle) that are important in generating the behavioral characteristics observed. (ucla.edu)
Gross inspection of a skeletal muscle reveals collections of muscle fascicles surrounded by a layer connective tissue termed the epimysium. (medscape.com)
Each muscle fascicle represents a group of muscle fibers bound together by a layer of connective tissue termed the perimysium. (medscape.com)

The role of ascorbic acid supplementation on force ofcontraction during fatigue of cold exposed skeletal muscles was evaluated in this study. (edu.pk)
After one month, the extensor digitorum longus muscle was dissected out and force ofcontraction during fatigue in the skeletal muscle fibres was analysed on a computerised data acquisitionsystem. (edu.pk)
in muscle fatigue. (edu.pk)
Muscle force and fatigue were not different in the two conditions. (bvsalud.org)
The 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise is a classical sport capacity evaluation method, which may cause severe lower limb muscle fatigue. (hindawi.com)
However, the relationship between lower limb muscle fatigue and the decline in exercise performance during 30-second sprint cycling remains unclear. (hindawi.com)
Of the muscles evaluated, the degree of fatigue of TA showed the greatest association with exercise performance decline, whereas the muscle fatigue of RF, VAS, and GAS also significantly impacted exercise performance during a 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise. (hindawi.com)
As a vigorous exercise, 30-second all-out cycling causes severe lower limb muscle fatigue, which manifests as a decline in exercise performance [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
In fact, muscle fatigue occurs as early as five seconds in this intensive exercise [ 1 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
As the decline in exercise performance during 30-second sprint cycling is mainly determined by the fatigue of lower limb muscles, investigating the relationship between lower limb muscle fatigue and changes in exercise performance may further help in understanding the movement and aid training programme design. (hindawi.com)
Previous research evaluating muscle fatigue has mainly focused on total muscle fatigue at the end of the exercise or fatigue development in only a few muscles [ 2 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, earlier studies did not simultaneously quantify the development and progression of muscle fatigue in multiple lower limb muscles during 30-second sprint cycling. (hindawi.com)
As different muscles have different functional roles during pedalling exercise, the process of fatigue development of each lower limb muscle can differ significantly [ 3 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
For example, muscle activity of the quadriceps decreased by approximately 8% during 30-second sprint cycling, whereas that of the gastrocnemius (GAS) decreased by up to 15%, indicating an unbalanced development of fatigue for the two muscle groups [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thus, the relationship between the fatigue development of each lower limb muscle and changes in exercise performance during 30-second sprint cycling remains unclear. (hindawi.com)
Previous research has commonly evaluated local muscle fatigue using surface electromyography (EMG) signal processing. (hindawi.com)
Among comparisons of the utility of different methods to evaluate muscle fatigue, the wavelet transform has better accuracy and precision than those obtained from other time-frequency analysis methods in processing nonstationary EMG signals recorded during dynamic contractions [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Based on this finding, MNF exhibits superior utility to other indices in muscle fatigue evaluation induced by sprint cycling exercise, suggesting that the fatigue of lower limb muscles during a 30-second all-out cycling exercise can be assessed well using the MNF of EMG signals. (hindawi.com)
The FDB is made up of small predominantly type IIa and IIx fibers that collectively produce less peak isometric force than the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) or soleus muscles, but demonstrates a greater fatigue resistance than the EDL. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects of muscle fatigue on exercise-induced hamstring muscle damage: a three-armed randomized controlled trial. (tensiomyography.net)
Nontrained Snell dwarf gastrocnemius muscles exhibited a 1.3-fold greater muscle mass to body weight ratio than control values although muscle quality, maximum isometric torque normalized to muscle mass, and fatigue recovery were compromised. (cdc.gov)
Muscle quality and fatigue recovery improved twofold and threefold, respectively, for Snell dwarf mice. (cdc.gov)

In a large muscle such as the quadriceps or the gastrocnemius, each neuron may be connected to as many as 2,000 fibers. (faqs.org)
Once they find words such as deltoid, trapezius, quadriceps, and soleus, students will have a better understanding of muscle anatomy. (vivekanandagospel.org)

It was also found that JPH1 and JPH2 are differentially regulated in different muscles of rabbit, where the highest amount of both proteins was found in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. (ucc.ie)

A medial calf injury is a musculotendinous disruption of varying degrees in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle that results from an acute, forceful push-off with the foot. (medscape.com)
The medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle originates from the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle, and as it courses distally, the medial head merges with the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. (medscape.com)

The myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin filaments called myofilaments, repeated in units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional, contractile units of the muscle fiber necessary for muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Its central position in the sarcomere and the tight association to myosin are the basis for titin's role in maintaining the structural integrity of the sarcomere during the relaxation-contraction cycle. (frontiersin.org)
These are actin (thin filament, isotropic, I bands) and myosin (dark filament, anisotropic, A bands) and it is these bands that give muscle its striated appearance. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
In a resting muscle the actin filaments overlap the myosin to a certain extent. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
A crossbridge is then formed between actin and myosin, resulting in a contraction cycle powered by ATP. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) content was measured and MHC isoforms were separated on SDS-PAGE gels and quantified. (josam.org)
This was accompanied by retainment of the remodeling capacity in muscles of Snell dwarf mice to increase VCAM-1 protein levels and a shift in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution with training. (cdc.gov)

The main function of the gastrocnemius muscle is to plantar flex the ankle, but it also provides some knee flexion, as well as contributes to the posterior stability of the knee and partially to the motion of the menisci with flexion/extension of the knee. (medscape.com)
The in vivo plantar flexors' T-ω-r was determined during preloaded maximum voluntary shortening contractions at 0-200°/s. (nature.com)

Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles under the control of the somatic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic senses inform the nervous system about the external environment, but the response to that is through voluntary muscle movement. (foobrdigital.com)
However, some aspects of the somatic system use voluntary muscles without conscious control. (foobrdigital.com)
However, the muscles that are responsible for the basic process of breathing are also utilized for speech, which is entirely voluntary. (foobrdigital.com)
Skeletal muscles are designed to produce voluntary movement by applying forces to bones and joints via a muscle contraction. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, is a disease of the nerve cells in the brain, brain stem and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movemen. (adam.com)

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces oxidative stress and improves skeletal muscle function in response to electrically stimulated isometric contractions in aged mice. (cdc.gov)
This study examined the contribution and functional significance of the xanthine oxidase enzyme as a potential source of oxidant production in aged skeletal muscle during repetitive in situ electrically stimulated isometric contractions. (cdc.gov)
Xanthine oxidase activity was inhibited in young adult and aged mice via a subcutaneously placed time-release (2.5 mg/day) allopurinol pellet, 7 days before the start of in situ electrically stimulated isometric contractions. (cdc.gov)
Xanthine oxidase activity also increased after in situ electrically stimulated isometric contractions in muscles from both young (33%) and aged (28%) mice, relative to contralateral noncontracted muscles. (cdc.gov)
Surgically isolated canine gastrocnemius muscles in situ (n = 6) were studied during transitions from rest to 4 min of electrically stimulated isometric tetanic contractions at VÌ o2peak, in two conditions: normoxia (CTRL) and hyperoxia ([Formula: see text] = 1.00) + administration of a drug (RSR-13), which right shifts the Hb-O2 dissociation curve (Hyperoxia + RSR-13). (bvsalud.org)
Tensiomyography measures the radial displacement of a muscle during an electrically evoked twitch contraction. (plos.org)
Tensiomyography (TMG) measures the radial displacement of a muscle belly during an electrically stimulated isometric twitch response. (plos.org)

Diabetes is known to cause damage to structure, morphology and contractility of skeletal muscles, so that was also investigated. (sami-sabinsagroup.com)
Competitive marathon running and regular high intensity distance running in young and middle-aged adults may not produce leg muscle hypertrophy due to insufficient recovery from the damaging running bout, although there have been no studies that have investigated the effects of running on leg muscle morphology in older subjects. (researchgate.net)
We analyzed gastrocnemius muscle morphology and contractile function and measured the levels of ATP and ROS accumulation in the muscles. (nebraska.edu)
HBO pretreatment did not improve tourniquet/IR-injured gastrocnemius muscle morphology and muscle contraction. (nebraska.edu)
These data suggest that one hour of HBO pretreatment with 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA increases the antioxidant response to lower ROS accumulation but does not increase ATP levels in IR muscles and improve tourniquet/IR-injured muscle morphology and contractile function. (nebraska.edu)
The muscle morphology forming the calf include the soleus and gastrocnemius. (extralargeliving.com)
These analyses consist of enzyme activities of single muscle or neural cells, cell morphology, the kinds of proteins synthesized, the modulations of the mRNA's of specific myonuclei as well as the physiological properties of the nerve and muscle cells. (ucla.edu)

Is "Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness" a False Friend? (mdpi.com)
Strenuous and unaccustomed exercise frequently lead to what has been coined "delayed onset muscle soreness" (DOMS). (mdpi.com)

Cardiac muscles are controlled through the function of the autonomic nervous system, the aspect of human function regulated by the hypothalamus region of the brain. (faqs.org)

slow- and fast-twitch muscles of rats. (edu.pk)
Our hypothesis was that estrogen deficiency aggravates skeletal muscle dysfunction in obese-insulin resistant rats, via increased muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. (cmu.ac.th)
At the end of the experimental period the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscles was tested before the rats were sacrificed. (cmu.ac.th)
Surprisingly, loss of estrogen did not aggravate these dysfunctions of skeletal muscles in HFD-fed rats. (cmu.ac.th)
Loss of estrogen, however, did not aggravate these impairments in the muscle of rats with obese-insulin resistant condition. (cmu.ac.th)
We studied whether an impaired glucose clearance is present in vivo in 42-h immobilized muscles of resting rats and, furthermore, whether the exercise-induced increase in glucose clearance of red muscles is affected by prior immobilization. (ku.dk)
At rest, glucose clearance was markedly impaired in rats with previously immobilized red muscles compared with nonimmobilized control rats (red gastrocnemius 0.46 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.08 and soleus 1.10 +/- 0.30 vs. 3.97 +/- 0.54 ml.min-1.100 g-1, P less than 0.005). (ku.dk)
During running (18 m/min), glucose clearance did not differ between muscles in previously immobilized and control rats. (ku.dk)
To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
In the EDL and soleus muscle of CIH treated rats, no difference in either JPH1 or JPH2 abundance was detected in either muscle. (ucc.ie)
Functional three-dimensional skeletal muscle constructs (myooids) were engineered from myogenic cells harvested from the muscles of adult and aged rats. (josam.org)
Adult and aged rat myooids had only ~35-60% of the skeletal muscle MHC content of control skeletal muscle from rats, the remaining MHC content consisting of isoforms found in cultured fibroblasts but not in control skeletal muscle. (josam.org)
Myooids from aged rats generated greater normalized force than myooids from adult rats, but only 1-3% of that for adult skeletal muscle controls. (josam.org)
The myooids generated specific forces of ~0.1-3% of skeletal muscle from control adult rats. (josam.org)
Because of the decreased proliferation potential [9] and lower absolute number of satellite cells in muscles from the aged rats compared with adult rats [1,10,11] , one may hypothesize that the aged rats would not yield enough myoblasts to produce myooids in culture. (josam.org)
On the other hand, despite the atrophy and reduced myogenic potential of the EDL muscles in old rats, when an EDL muscle is cross-age transplanted from an old donor rat into a young host rat, the muscle regenerates as much mass and has as high a capacity for force development as a young muscle transplanted into a young host [4] . (josam.org)

Normalizing for skeletal muscle MHC content and isoform expression predicts myooid forces of ~6-18% of control adult skeletal muscles. (josam.org)

Muscle fibers also have multiple mitochondria to meet energy needs. (wikipedia.org)
But Thomas Griner avows that muscles of human beings and other primates do not in fact contain this 3rd type of muscle, which are actually more like little bags of oxidative mitochondria than muscle fiber because they have almost no contractile myofibrils. (neurosoma.com)

Protein-interactions e.g., with muscle ankyrin repeat proteins or muscle LIM-protein link titin to hypertrophic signaling and via p62 and Muscle Ring Finger proteins to mechanisms that control protein quality control. (frontiersin.org)
It has been shown that muscle protein synthetic rate (MPS) is elevated in humans by 50% at 4 hrs following a bout of heavy resistance training, and by 109% at 24 hrs following training. (researchgate.net)
This study further examined the time course for elevated muscle protein synthesis by examining its rate at 36 hrs following a training session. (researchgate.net)
Each muscle fibre contains a large number of myofibrils, which are the contractile elements of the muscle and consist of protein myofilaments. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
The aim of this work was to characterise possible novel interactions with a proline-rich region of the RyR1, to characterise a monoclonal antibody (mAb VF1c) raised against a junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum protein postulated to interact with RyR1, and to characterise the protein recognised by this antibody in models of skeletal muscle disease such as Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD) and sarcopenia. (ucc.ie)
It was found that the RyR1 complex isolated from rat skeletal muscle co-purifies with the Growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (GRB2), very possibly via an interaction between the proline rich region of RyR1 and one of the SH3 domains located on the GRB2 protein. (ucc.ie)
Poor dietary habits can lead to obesity and insulin resistance-both of which can impair basal heat shock protein (HSP) expression and the HSP stress response in skeletal muscle. (lidsen.com)
These muscles each offer unique advantages across a host of methodologies including measuring isometric force production, susceptibility to muscle injury, mitochondrial respiration, protein content, and histology. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistically driven research often utilizes DNA manipulation to alter protein expression in skeletal muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
One is, how, and to what extent, does the nervous system control protein expression in skeletal muscle fibers? (ucla.edu)

In vivo, Achilles tendon strain is typically determined by measuring the tendon length change during muscle contractions relative to its slack length by tracking the myotendinous junction displacement relative to the tendon's insertion point using ultrasound 16 . (nature.com)
When the muscle is strained the initial injury is usually associated with disruption of the distal myotendinous junction and fibres distal to this but still near the myotendinous junction. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Behavior of fascicles and the myotendinous junction of human medial gastrocnemius following eccentric strength training. (upsi.edu.my)

An examination of JPH1 and 2 expression in mdx and wild type controls diaphragm, vastus lateralis, soleus and gastrocnemius muscle found no major differences in JPH1 abundance, while JPH2 was decreased in mdx gastrocnemius compared to wild type. (ucc.ie)
In vivo behavior of vastus lateralis muscle during dynamic performances. (upsi.edu.my)

Under different physiological conditions, subsets of 654 different proteins as well as lipids, amino acids, metabolites and small RNAs are found in the secretome of skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Taken together, these results have implications for the regulation of RyR1 and JPH1 and 2 in skeletal muscle in both physiological and pathological states, and provide a newly characterised antibody to expand the field of JPH1 research. (ucc.ie)
Myooids were activated by transverse electrical fields in a manner similar to that used to activate whole skeletal muscles in vitro during standard physiological measures of muscle function [8] . (josam.org)
Active muscle properties were measured with simultaneous activation (up to 200 pulses s -1 ) of all three motoneurons innervating the extensor tibiae, because this reflects most closely physiological muscle activation during leg swing. (biologists.com)

Future studies should look at twin youth athletes, as a model capable of discriminating between the influence of hereditary factors vs . environmental factors, in therms of muscle contractility and TMG's potential for instance. (tmg-bodyevolution.com)

A skeletal muscle contains multiple fascicles - bundles of muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Some books state that each muscle motor unit is mad up of all slow-twitch or all fast-twitch fibers, but this is not true, nor are muscle fibers bundled together into fascicles for any neurological reason, but simply because the corridors between the bundles are necessary to accommodate nerves, blood vessels, and of course muscle spindles. (neurosoma.com)

Muscle fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts in a process known as myogenesis resulting in long multinucleated cells. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle fibers are in turn composed of myofibrils. (wikipedia.org)
Muscles are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used, particularly by fast twitch fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Skeletal muscles are substantially composed of multinucleated contractile muscle fibers (myocytes). (wikipedia.org)
As the muscles on examination appear to be constructed of varying lengths of strips, due to the manner in which the muscle fibers are situated, these muscles are also known as striated muscle. (faqs.org)
The muscle fibers that are the substance of each muscle are of similar construction throughout all skeletal muscles. (faqs.org)
The speed with which the neurons communicate impulses to the muscle fiber group determine whether the fibers will be a fast-twitch fiber (useful in sports that require, power, strength, and reaction time), or a slow-twitch fiber (best suited to endurance sports). (faqs.org)
In fine motor control muscles, such as the eyelid, the neuron may only control a group of 10 muscle fibers or fewer. (faqs.org)
The fibers are made up of myofibrils, filaments that run the length of the muscle fiber. (faqs.org)
As the body rests, the muscle fibers attract cells known as myoblasts, which fuse with the existing fiber, causing the muscle fibers to become denser and stronger. (faqs.org)
Muscle size is not limitless, and the fibers will not attract unlimited numbers of myoblasts for repair, due to the presence of myostatin in the muscle cells. (faqs.org)
In conclusions, 42 h of immobilization markedly impairs glucose clearance of resting red muscle fibers in vivo. (ku.dk)
When nerves fire, muscle fibers twitch, or contract, then in a fraction of a second, the nerve stops firing and the muscle fibers relax. (neurosoma.com)
Each and every skeletal muscle in the human being and other primates is made up of both anaerobic fast-twitch fibers and aerobic slow-twitch fibers - about half of each type. (neurosoma.com)
A muscle may have a slightly varying percentage of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers, but never far from that 50/50 numerical split. (neurosoma.com)
For instance, the primate gastrocnemius calf muscle has a slightly higher preponderance of fast-twitch fibers, which gives it the capability of very forceful and rapid contraction of the type used in jumping. (neurosoma.com)
The soleus muscle just underneath the gastrocnemius has a slightly higher preponderance of slow-twitch muscle fibers, and therefore is used more for prolonged muscle activity such as walking. (neurosoma.com)
For example, a chicken's breast is all fast-twitch, which is why it is white in color, and a cat's soleus muscle is mostly long-enduring slow-twitch fibers, allowing the cat to creep in stealth mode without fatiguing. (neurosoma.com)
When it comes time to pounce, cats use their gastrocnemius, which is almost all anaerobic fast-twitch fibers producing massive amounts of pyruvic acid, along with a few aerobic fast-twitch fibers to process the pyruvic acid. (neurosoma.com)
Furthermore, even with this 50/50 numerical split in primates, almost 3 quarters of primate muscle is proportionally fast-twitch, because fast-twitch fibers are 2 to 3 times larger than slow-twitch fibers. (neurosoma.com)
Gray's Anatomy states that primate skeletal muscle also contains aerobic fast-twitch fibers, and because Gray's is sometimes considered the gold standard, many other reference sources follow their lead. (neurosoma.com)
When a skeletal muscle contracts, the controlling motor units (a motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it contracts) govern how each fiber in the muscle takes turn twitching. (neurosoma.com)
Soleus-related injuries are rare since the muscle crosses one joint and consists of slow-twitch muscle fibers. (extralargeliving.com)
Well, females and males both use the Type 1 fibers and later shift to Type 2 as the muscles start getting fatigued during physical performance. (extralargeliving.com)
This accompanied a fourfold increase in levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a mediator of progenitor cell recruitment, and muscle remodeling in the form of increased number of central nuclei, additional muscle fibers per unit area, and altered fiber type distribution. (cdc.gov)
Whole muscle, single motor units and single muscle fibers are studied physiologically and biochemically. (ucla.edu)
Muscle fibers can broadly be divided into 3 muscles types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
Likewise, the number of muscle fibers within each of these, as well as the shape of muscles (depending on their function), can also vary greatly. (medscape.com)
What remains constant, however, is that the muscle fibers are aligned in the same direction so that individual muscle fibers can work in concert. (medscape.com)
When the muscles fibers and the associated tendon are arranged along the same axis, the muscle is termed a parallel muscle. (medscape.com)
Bipennate muscles have muscles fibers inserting at an angle on both sides of a central tendon. (medscape.com)
Only 60% of the axons in the nerve to a given muscle are motor to the muscle fibers that make up the bulk of the muscle. (medscape.com)
The nerve supply branches within the muscle belly, forming a plexus from which groups of axons emerge to supply the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
The axons supply single motor endplates placed about halfway along the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
A motor unit comprises a motor neuron in the spinal cord or brainstem together with the squad of muscle fibers it innervates. (medscape.com)
In large muscles (eg, the flexors of the hip or knee), each motor unit contains 1200 or more muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
In small muscles (eg, the intrinsic muscles of the hand), each unit contains 12 or fewer muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
Muscle fibers are long and cylindrical in shape. (medscape.com)

The calf is also made up of the plantaris, found between the soleus and gastrocnemius. (extralargeliving.com)
However, not everyone has the plantaris muscle. (extralargeliving.com)

Most muscles occur in bilaterally-placed pairs to serve both sides of the body. (wikipedia.org)
The reactions occur very quickly, and a muscle can be restored to its rest position after the activity generated by an impulse in approximately one millisecond. (faqs.org)
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that skeletal muscle dysfunction may occur due to increased muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of ovariectomy and obese-insulin resistance. (cmu.ac.th)
For this to occur, the muscle fibre is stimulated by a nerve impulse creating an action potential across the sarcolemma. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Strain injuries occur when muscle fibres cannot withstand excessive tensile forces placed on them and are therefore generally associated with eccentric muscle action (Mair et al. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Injuries to the muscle belly only occur with the application of very high forces. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
It is clear that skeletal muscle hypertrophy can occur independently of exercise mode and load. (researchgate.net)
Thus, obesity and symptomology of metabolic dysfunction may occur before reductions in skeletal muscle HSP expression. (lidsen.com)

lt;p>In vitro studies have shown that prior disuse impairs the glucose clearance of red skeletal muscle because of a developed insensitivity to insulin. (ku.dk)
A new linearly-combined bi-exponential model for kinetic analysis of the isometric relaxation process of Bufo gastrocnemius under electric stimulation in vitro[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2007, 8(12): 867-874. (zju.edu.cn)
Unlike the other muscles, inherent properties of the FDB muscle make it amenable to multiple in vitro- and in vivo-based microscopy methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Satellite cells are in general easy to isolate from explanted skeletal muscle, and presumably muscle biopsies from an adult mammal would provide an ample supply of cells committed to the myogenic developmental pathway to facilitate the in vitro engineering of functional skeletal muscle. (josam.org)

Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are organs of the vertebrate muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. (wikipedia.org)
The 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise is a commonly used method in evaluating the anaerobic endurance capacity of lower limb muscles and has been widely adopted in sports training for cyclists [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
First, we characterized the FDB phenotype and provide reference comparisons to skeletal muscles commonly used in the field. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a novel approach, we also demonstrate methods for assessing mitochondrial respiration in the FDB, which are comparable to the commonly used gastrocnemius muscle. (biomedcentral.com)

Further distally, the joined heads of the gastrocnemius merge with the soleus muscle-tendon complex to form the Achilles tendon. (medscape.com)
Soleus muscle - it's wide and flat and is located deeper under the skin than gastrocnemius muscles. (extralargeliving.com)

Considerable research on skeletal muscle is focused on the muscle fiber cells, the myocytes, as discussed in detail in the first sections, below. (wikipedia.org)
The contraction of each muscle fiber bundle is controlled through the nerve impulses directed into the fiber bundle by a neuron, a type of electrical relay that is connected to the larger nervous system. (faqs.org)
Other members of the animal kingdom can have muscles that are all or almost all slow or fast-twitch fiber. (neurosoma.com)
Muscle twitching is caused by minor muscle contractions in the area, or uncontrollable twitching of a muscle group that is served by a single motor nerve fiber. (adam.com)
Skeletal muscle provides distinct experimental challenges due to inherent differences across muscle groups, including fiber type and size that may limit experimental approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is an ion channelopathy of skeletal muscle characterized by attacks of muscle weakness associated with low serum K + . HypoPP results from a transient failure of muscle fiber excitability. (jci.org)
The results show also that the neural influence that is associated with muscle fiber types is probably not mediated via the amount or pattern of activity of the motor units. (ucla.edu)
This article mainly focuses on the end organ of this complex interaction, the muscle fiber (myofiber). (medscape.com)

Skeletal muscle was removed to assess oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. (cmu.ac.th)

The medial calf injury usually occurs when an eccentric force is applied to the gastrocnemius muscle, which usually happens when the knee is extended, the ankle is dorsiflexed, and the gastrocnemius attempts to contract in the already lengthened state. (medscape.com)
The SSC is described as a rapid cyclical muscle action whereby the muscle undergoes an eccentric contraction, followed by a transitional period prior to the concentric contraction (4). (scienceforsport.com)

Differential splicing of the titin gene results in numerous species- and muscle-specific titin isoforms. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, myooids expressed only developmental isoforms of skeletal muscle MHC, known to generate less specific force than adult isoforms. (josam.org)

Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is used only to power the contractions of the heart. (faqs.org)

Unlike 12-month-old control mice, age-matched Snell dwarf mice remained resistant to training-induced maladaptive decreases in performance and muscle mass. (cdc.gov)

The operation of the nervous system and its relation to the skeletal muscular system is sometimes referred to as the neuromuscular system. (faqs.org)
For organisms in which the neural component is already quite well understood, detailed investigation of muscles will allow a better characterisation of the roles that neural and muscular properties play in movement generation. (biologists.com)
Most of the skeletal muscular system is arranged into groups of agonists and antagonist muscles that work in concert to provide efficient and controlled motion. (medscape.com)

The influence of loading intensity on muscle-tendon unit behavior during maximal knee extensor stretch shortening cycle exercise. (upsi.edu.my)

The ability to assess skeletal muscle function and delineate regulatory mechanisms is essential to uncovering therapeutic approaches that preserve functional independence in a disease state. (biomedcentral.com)
Motor points have been identified for all major muscle groups for the purpose of functional electrical stimulation by physical therapists, in order to increase muscle power. (medscape.com)

Muscle Contractile Properties Measured by the Tensiomyography (TMG) Method in Top-Level Football Players of Different Playing Positions: The Case of Serbian Super League. (tensiomyography.net)
Methodical approaches to determine the rate of radial muscle displacement using tensiomyography: A scoping review and new reporting guideline. (tensiomyography.net)
Tensiomyography Allows to Discriminate between Injured and Non-Injured Biceps Femoris Muscle. (tensiomyography.net)
The Association between Tensiomyography and Elastography Stiffness Measurements in Lower Limb Skeletal Muscles. (tensiomyography.net)

In this study, ten cyclists volunteered to participate in a 30-second all-out sprint cycling while power, cadence, and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of eight lower limb muscles were recorded during the exercise. (hindawi.com)
EMG mean frequency (MNF) of each lower limb muscle group was computed for every 3-second epoch based on wavelet packet transformation. (hindawi.com)
Grey relational grades between pedalling performance and the EMG MNF of each lower limb muscle group during the whole process were calculated. (hindawi.com)
Enhanced skeletal muscle contractile function and corticospinal excitability precede strength and architectural adaptations during lower-limb resistance training. (tensiomyography.net)

When a muscle contracts the sarcomeres shorten. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Two types of sensory receptors found in muscles are muscle spindles, and Golgi tendon organs. (wikipedia.org)
Imbalances between the strength of the skeletal muscle, the laxity or otherwise in the tendon, and the connection to the bone surface are common causes of muscle injury in athletes. (faqs.org)
Preload is typically applied to minimize the effects of the electromechanical delay, to guarantee maximal muscle activity and to reduce muscle-tendon unit (MTU) compliance. (nature.com)
Thus, preloaded and non-preloaded contractions may result in different T-ω-r characteristics due to tendon compliance. (nature.com)
Accordingly, the amount of tendon compliance would therefore also influence estimated in vivo F-v-r, particularly in muscles with a large tendon-to-fascicle-length ratio such as the triceps surae 15 . (nature.com)
Since joining UniSQ in 2016, Ben has continued to examine the role of muscle and tendon mechanics in exercise-induced muscle damage and strength training through collaborations at a number of Australian and international institutions as well as through supervising several postgraduate students. (edu.au)
The influence of external loading and speed of movement on muscle-tendon unit behaviour and its implications for training. (upsi.edu.my)
Influence of muscle-tendon unit structure on rate of force development during the squat, countermovement, and drop jumps. (upsi.edu.my)
Muscles can also be classified according to their relationship with a tendon. (medscape.com)
Some muscles are spread out over a large area and converge on a relatively small tendon, appropriately termed convergent muscles (eg, pectoralis muscles of the chest). (medscape.com)
Unipennate muscles insert on only one side of the tendon. (medscape.com)

En todos los casos, la aponeurosis del músculo oblicuo interno del abdomen se dividió en dos láminas, una lámina profunda que se fusionaba con la aponeurosis del músculo transverso del abdomen en el borde lateral del músculo recto del abdomen y una lámina superficial que se fusionaba con la aponeurosis del músculo oblicuo externo del abdomen a mitad del recorrido entre los bordes medial y lateral del músculo recto del abdomen. (scielo.cl)

At the end of the experiments, plasmatic and gastrocnemius samples from all groups were obtained for the assessment of lipid peroxidation and creatine kinase activity. (biomedcentral.com)

When nerve impulses are communicated to the muscle, a complex series of electrochemical reactions convert the impulse into a muscle contraction. (faqs.org)
Muscle & Nerve, 39(6), 819-827. (upsi.edu.my)

This action puts maximal tension on the gastrocnemius muscle as the lengthened muscle is contracted at the "push off," resulting in a medial calf injury. (medscape.com)
To shed light on these differences and determine if, indeed, females have bigger calves than males, here's an in-depth comparison on the gender differences in calf muscles. (extralargeliving.com)
What is the calf muscle? (extralargeliving.com)
The calf muscle is found at the back of the lower leg and behind the shin bone. (extralargeliving.com)
The range exists because the exact calf size depends on genetics, environment, age, and muscle status. (extralargeliving.com)
For females over 30, calf sizes reduce even faster because of muscle weight deterioration and reduced-fat percentage. (extralargeliving.com)

Oxidative stress is a putative factor responsible for reducing function and increasing apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle with aging. (cdc.gov)

A muscle twitch is the contractile response to a single electrochemical signal of the nervous system or artificial electrical stimulation of the muscle. (plos.org)
The defining characteristic of the somatic nervous system is that it controls skeletal muscles. (foobrdigital.com)
Cats can creep, pounce, and leap 10 times their height because both their nervous system and their skeletal muscle are different from ours. (neurosoma.com)
Understanding of how nervous systems generate motor behaviours requires investigation of muscle properties as well as neural activity. (biologists.com)

[ 7 ] The investigators suggested ultrasonography and MRI can be used to correctly diagnose patients with medial gastrocnemius injuries. (medscape.com)

Together, the muscles are called triceps surae. (extralargeliving.com)
Word Search: Muscle System 1 of 2 Find the muscle system-theme words from "carbohydrates" to "triceps" in this rectangular word search. (vivekanandagospel.org)

Therefore, we replicated the in vivo experiment using a Hill-type muscle model of the gastrocnemius medialis. (nature.com)
The simulation results matched a key pattern observed in our recorded in vivo experimental data: during preloaded contractions, torque output of the muscle was increased when compared with non-preloaded contractions from literature. (nature.com)

Cylindrical muscles typically have greater mass at the center of the muscle, leading to a central body or muscle belly (eg, biceps brachii). (medscape.com)

Anatomy63

Organisms18

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Information Science2

Health Care3

Human skeletal muscle2

Velocity14

Portion of the gastrocnemius1

Flexor4

Musculo-skelet2

Impaired skeletal muscle function1

Isometric contraction1

Tibialis anterior2

Maximal contractions2

Rectus5

Physiology3

Hamstrings1

Tissue19

Fatigue22

Quadriceps2

Extensor digito1

Medial head o2

Myosin7

Plantar2

Voluntary6

Electrically7

Morphology7

Delayed onset mu2

Autonomic nervou1

Rats18

Isoform1

Mitochondria2

Protein10

Myotendinous junction3

Vastus2

Physiological4

Contractility1

Fascicles2

Fibers38

Plantaris2

Occur8

Vitro4

Commonly4

Soleus muscle2

Fiber8

Mitochondrial1

Eccentric2

Isoforms2

Cardiac1

Decreases1

Muscular3

Knee extensor1

Functional2

Tensiomyography4

Lower limb4

Sarcomeres1

Tendon11

Lateral1

Lipid1

Nerve2

Calf6

Oxidative stress1

Nervous4

Injuries1

Triceps2

Vivo2

Biceps1