• The sudden cooling causes a sharp gasp, followed by a period of uncontrolled hyperventilation. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • To make matters worse, cold water shock can also cause hyperventilation and loss of limb mobility. (poolfencediy.com)
  • The initial reaction lasts for about a minute and is characterized by a deep, uncontrollable gasp that results in hyperventilation. (takemyboattest.com)
  • A fall in skin temperature elicits a powerful cardiorespiratory response, termed "cold shock,' comprising an initial gasp, hypertension, and hyperventilation despite a profound hypocapnia. (chickenruby.com)
  • The body's reaction to cold water shock may be muscle spasms and hyperventilation. (skisafe.com)
  • The first thing that happens when you enter cold water is a cold shock response which can cause involuntary gasping, panic, and hyperventilation. (thebluetits.co)
  • 1. The effects of cold water shock, such as initial panic and hyperventilation, often pass quickly. (lifejackets.co.uk)
  • The cold shock response is an initial response to cold water that includes elevated breath rate (hyperventilation), constricted blood vessels (vasoconstriction), elevated heart rate (tachycardia) and elevated blood pressure (hypertension). (melau.no)
  • But probably worse is the risk of hyperventilation when jumping into the cold water. (melau.no)
  • Exposure to cold water, even for a few minutes can lead to cold water shock and hypothermia, which can be life threatening. (tahoedailytribune.com)
  • National statistics reveal more hunters die from "cold water shock, hypothermia and drowning" than accidental shootings each year. (americanhunter.org)
  • While millions of people swim outside safely every year, the Outdoor Swimming Society warns there are a couple of things to be aware of before slipping into your wetsuit, as immersing yourself in cold water does come with certain risks including cold shock, incapacitation, cramp and hypothermia. (yahoo.com)
  • A second dangerous situation that can occur in cold water or cold weather is hypothermia. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • That makes cold water immersion and hypothermia a particular threat to paddlers in Montana. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • Someone who survives the first two stages of cold water immersion faces hypothermia. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • Being immersed in cold water poses the greatest risk of hypothermia. (takemyboattest.com)
  • A comprehensive description of hypothermia and the four stages of cold water immersion can be found at www.watersafetycongress.org under the Cold Water Boot Camp . (takemyboattest.com)
  • When your body experiences prolonged exposure to very cold temperatures and begins to lose heat faster than it's produced, you are at risk of hypothermia. (skisafe.com)
  • Hypothermia is a serious threat year-round in the cold north of America. (kayakmanual.com)
  • your head usually remains above water if you capsize (so you avoid gasp reflex), and they are easier to get back onto, getting you out of cold water and lowering your hypothermia risk. (kayakmanual.com)
  • The majority of mortalities are owed to physiological responses to frigid seawater, including a "cold shock" gasp response and the ensuing physical incapacity that takes place during the first few minutes of hitting the water, and, later on, the potential for hypothermia setting in. (miaminewmediafestival.com)
  • Not so much cheating as increasing the "comfortable" time between overcoming the cold-water shock and the onset of hypothermia for long enough to relax or swim for a few minutes. (katmango.com)
  • For practical purposes, significant risk for immersion hypothermia usually begins in water colder than 25° C (77° F), 114, 162, 163 and it is quite significant in water colder than 15° C (59° F). Table 6-1 shows the variation in water temperature throughout the year at various sites in North America. (aneskey.com)
  • 126 With the use of 25° C (77° F) as the defining point for cold water, the risk of immersion hypothermia in North America is nearly universal during most of the year. (aneskey.com)
  • Cold-water immersion is associated with two significant medical challenges: near drowning and hypothermia. (aneskey.com)
  • This chapter discusses the physiologic responses to and treatment of immersion hypothermia, the risk of near drowning with respect to the physiologic consequences of sudden immersion in cold water, and the problems of survival in rough seas. (aneskey.com)
  • That is not the case, says Dr. Gordon Giesbrecht , who combines scientific research with extensive Arctic expedition experience to educate the public about hypothermia and cold weather survival. (nols.edu)
  • Thus immersion (in cold water) may lead to hypothermia, year from 2005 to 2014, plus an additional 679 boating- and submersion at any water temperature may lead to related deaths, 75% of which were from d rowning.5,6 drowning. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cold shock response is a series of neurogenic cardio-respiratory responses caused by sudden immersion in cold water. (wikipedia.org)
  • The physiological response to a sudden immersion in cold water may be divided in three or four discrete stages, with different risks and physiological changes, all being part of an entity labelled as Cold Water Immersion Syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a man overboard scenario, you could experience "Cold Shock", which is your body's response to sudden immersion in cold water. (skisafe.com)
  • Immersion in cold water is a hazard for anyone who participates in recreational, commercial, or military activities in the oceans, lakes, and streams of all but the tropical regions of the world. (aneskey.com)
  • Their theory: we're not taking the dangers of sudden immersion in cold water seriously enough. (heartsofiron2.com)
  • The primary components of the cold shock reflex include gasping, tachypnea, reduced breath-holding time, and peripheral vasoconstriction, the latter effect highlighting the presumed physiologic principle (i.e., warmth preservation via central blood shunting). (wikipedia.org)
  • These cold water immersion induced arrythmias appear to be accentuated by parasympathetic stimulation resulting from facial submersion or breath holding. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cold water shock can cause you to automatically gasp for a breath of air. (poolfence.com)
  • Beyond that first breath, cold water shock can also cause you to hyperventilate and lose mobility in your limbs. (poolfence.com)
  • In response to the sudden cold, you lose control of your breath. (suntimes.com)
  • To minimize the shock, it's important to control your breath and avoid making sudden movements in the water. (5ws.wiki)
  • By fighting your instincts to panic and just remembering to float until the effects of cold water shock pass and you can catch your breath, before then trying to swim to safety or call for help. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • It affects your breathing and movement, often triggering involuntary gasps for breath due to the cold temperature, which causes panic and increases your chances of inhaling water. (lifejackets.co.uk)
  • Well probably the most dangerous response to an extreme environment that we know is the 'cold shocks response' to sudden exposure to cold water because generally you lose control of your ability to breath-hold. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Graihagh - So we're going to look at how quickly I can adapt to these cold water environments by monitoring my heart rate and, also, how long I can hold my breath? (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Cold water can cause gasping of breath and cold-water shock, which can be extremely dangerous. (profoundqa.com)
  • It decreases the maximum breath-hold time, gives uncontrolled gasping and increases the chance of aspirating water. (melau.no)
  • As he punctured the water, cold knifed the breath from his lungs. (abyssapexzine.com)
  • This is the first stage in which the involuntary gasp reflex happens. (takemyboattest.com)
  • This is one of the biggest jolts that the body can experience and can lead to an involuntary gasp reflex and loss of breathing control. (skisafe.com)
  • According to a U.S. Coast Guard study, cold shock occurs immediately when a person becomes immersed in frigid water. (americanhunter.org)
  • Also, the abrupt contact with very cold water may cause involuntary inhalation, which, if underwater, can result in fatal drowning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gasp reflex and uncontrollable tachypnea can severely increase the risk of water inhalation and drowning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Breathing changes are immediate and may include an involuntary gasping, rapid breathing, dizziness and confusion, resulting in water inhalation and possible drowning. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • The gasping reflex can lead to water inhalation, increasing the risk of drowning. (takemyboattest.com)
  • Additionally, water inhalation can damage your lungs and cause issues for your heart as cold blood from your extremities is released into your core. (5ws.wiki)
  • To respond effectively, it is important to understand the body's reaction to cold water. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • A more modern view suggests that an autonomic conflict - sympathetic (due to stress) and parasympathetic (due to the diving reflex) coactivation - may be responsible for some cold water immersion deaths. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mammalian diving reflex consists of a series of adaptive reflexes which occur after submersion in cold water. (wikipedia.org)
  • The physiologic purpose of the diving reflex is not well understood, but is believed to be oxygen conservation, a quality evident in diving mammals, in which the response is most pronounced. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diving reflex has some opposite responses than the cold shock response. (melau.no)
  • The autonomic conflict is when two strong opposite responses occur at the same time, the cold shock response and the diving reflex. (melau.no)
  • In this setting, the most important factor is that the cold shock response gives an elevated heart rate and the diving reflex gives a lowered heart rate. (melau.no)
  • But those who've embraced the cold water craze - be that in a frigid lake, the ocean, or an ice bath in their backyard - frequently describe powerful, even transformative effects on their state of mind and sense of wellbeing. (wmuk.org)
  • Put simply, when your body is suddenly submerged in frigid water, a natural response is triggered. (poolfence.com)
  • Let's explore the four stages of cold water immersion to understand what happens when you find yourself submerged in frigid water. (5ws.wiki)
  • Cold Shock Response affects the heart, lungs and the ability to regulate breathing. (tahoedailytribune.com)
  • It can cause lungs to be flooded with water in a matter of seconds while gasping for air. (tahoedailytribune.com)
  • Your lungs contract and you gasp and breathe irregularly, a response that can last for up to a minute. (suntimes.com)
  • This feeling of alertness is caused by the cold shock response, in which a sudden drop in skin temperature immediately after immersion causes a rise in adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • The risk of death for boaters and passengers increases significantly when the water temperature is colder in case of a capsize or a fall overboard. (takemyboattest.com)
  • Just 10 - 15 seconds of this helps your body get use to the lower temperature and the shock passes. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • As the temperature drops, just keep swimming and your body will get used to the cold. (profoundqa.com)
  • Cold shock alone can overly stress otherwise-able swimmers and lead to drowning within minutes. (americanhunter.org)
  • The Princess of Wales has revealed she is a fan of cold water swimming , admitting she has joined the growing band of wild swimmers embracing the freeze. (yahoo.com)
  • Because of this, experienced cold-water swimmers warn against jumping into icy water. (suntimes.com)
  • and the reason people drown in deep water (quarries etc) is not because they are poor swimmers, it can and will happen because your body overrides your concious movements when it hits cold water. (chickenruby.com)
  • The Bluetit mission is to create a capable, confident community of cold water swimmers. (thebluetits.co)
  • Some cold water swimmers use the rule-of-thumb of 1 minute immersion per degree celsius. (katmango.com)
  • Although this process is a continuum, the 4 phases was initially described in the 1980s as it follows: The first stage of cold water immersion syndrome, the cold shock response, includes a group of reflexes lasting under 5 min in laboratory volunteers and initiated by thermoreceptors sensing rapid skin cooling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fourth stage of cold water immersion occurs before, during, or after rescue. (5ws.wiki)
  • one of the main well-being benefits is that cold water decreases your stress response. (orca.com)
  • That's why scientists recommend doing as little as possible (floating or standing) for the first few minutes in the water, after which the response to the cold shock decreases. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Have you ever wondered why we spray all Norseman athletes with ice-cold seawater before they jump? (melau.no)
  • It also advises you should only swim sober, and avoid cold water if you have a hangover. (yahoo.com)
  • In colder climates, water safety often involves taking precautions to avoid stepping on cracked or thin ice, especially when near semi-frozen lakes, pools, or ponds during the winter. (poolfencediy.com)
  • This is what you want to avoid and sadly many people have lost their lives because of cold water shock. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • Avoid water colder than 12°C If you feel cold for more than 10 minutes, abort the swim, and get yourself warm. (profoundqa.com)
  • Controlled breathing can help calm the body and mind, reducing panic and the intensity of the cold shock response. (takemyboattest.com)
  • All these responses contribute to a feeling of panic. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • When sea temperatures dip below about 60 degrees, what you wear protects you from "cold shock" and "gasp reflex," which can take your life within moments of capsizing , if your head goes underwater (as it does when you capsize a sit-inside kayak). (kayakmanual.com)
  • When you get into water that's 60 degrees or colder, it causes a phenomenon known as "cold shock. (suntimes.com)
  • Immersion in water as warm as 50-60 degrees can initiate what has been determined to be "cold water shock," said Liz Lodman, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks boating coordinator. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • Even water reaching 77 degrees Fahrenheit may trigger an initial cold-water immersion reaction. (takemyboattest.com)
  • Don't stay in just because you managed 20 minutes the last time you were swimming in such and such degrees and today you feel cold after 10 minutes and it's gone up a degree. (thebluetits.co)
  • Cold water shock is a serious and dangerous condition caused by entering water that is 15 degrees celsius or colder. (lifejackets.co.uk)
  • Cold shock is the body's immediate and often uncontrollable reaction to sudden cold water immersion. (takemyboattest.com)
  • Kiki Watkin, Open Minds Active swim coach recounts how she caught the cold-water swimming bug and shares her useful tips for those looking to get started. (orca.com)
  • After being in cold water for three to 30 minutes, it becomes increasingly difficult to swim or move. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • Do not attempt to swim for shore if it will cause greater exposure to the cold water and there is a good chance of being rescued. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • The best way to acclimatise to cold water is to swim in it and gradually extend the time you stay in. (thebluetits.co)
  • I didn't swim in the cold sea for any particular health benefits but because it was cold and it was there. (katmango.com)
  • What happens if you swim in ice cold water? (profoundqa.com)
  • Just a few minutes in cold water makes it very difficult to swim or even to keep afloat. (profoundqa.com)
  • How long can I swim in cold water? (profoundqa.com)
  • In cold water, swim for 20 minutes only before exiting the water to warm up. (profoundqa.com)
  • You should prepare for a cold swim. (melau.no)
  • Authorities also urged people to be wary of cold water temperatures, should they be tempted to take a river or lake swim to cool off. (yahoo.com)
  • Early models of cold water immersion syndrome focused primarily on sympathetic responses, however recent research suggests sympathetic and parasympathetic coactivation (autonomic conflict) may be responsible for some cold water immersion deaths. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 60% of cold water immersion deaths occur within the first minutes of immersion. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Cold shock deaths are common in April to May, when warm air temperatures lure unprepared paddlers onto the water. (kayakmanual.com)
  • Cold water swimming also improves the body's responses to stress, releasing endorphins which will help you relax, to sleep better and feel calmer," she adds. (yahoo.com)
  • In cold shock, the body releases adrenaline and stress hormones, which can make you either feel exhilarated or panicky. (suntimes.com)
  • If fish are experiencing acute stress (i.e., gasping up at the surface, lying on the bottom and not moving, or darting around the aquarium), you can be pretty sure that the water has been poisoned in some way . (theseasideinstitute.org)
  • Accidental cold water immersion (CWI) can be a terrifying experience, especially when caught off guard. (5ws.wiki)
  • Habituation of the cold shock response is inhibited by repeated anxiety: Implications for safety behaviour on accidental cold water immersions. (melau.no)
  • In addition, winter activities like driving on icy roads and snowmobiling can involve cold-water exposure as a result of accidental entry into lakes and streams. (aneskey.com)
  • Additionally, the shock causes dramatic changes in heart rate and blood pressure, leading to the next stage: cold incapacitation. (5ws.wiki)
  • Within three to thirty minutes, the second stage of CWI, known as cold incapacitation, sets in. (5ws.wiki)
  • It's normal to immediately gasp and breathe rapidly. (nols.edu)
  • Preparation is vital for swimming in cold water. (orca.com)
  • I dislike swimming in cold water, but my husband and dad insist that it's good for you. (suntimes.com)
  • What's more apparent are the potential dangers of swimming in cold water. (suntimes.com)
  • This is a physiological response, to make the body prepare to conserve oxygen during submersion. (melau.no)
  • Some people are much better prepared to survive sudden exposure to very cold water due to body and mental characteristics and due to conditioning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Riley Swortz, who's bobbing next to Nassal, says she revels in the moment her body stops recoiling from the shock. (wmuk.org)
  • Cold water or open water swimming is widely reported to have many benefits to both mind and body, from strengthening the cardio-respiratory system and immune system, to helping people to lose excess weight through the cooling of the body and then the rewarming process (thermogenesis)," explains Ansell. (yahoo.com)
  • And if you are going to go the cold-water route (for just a few minutes or so the body will acclimate), have fun. (suntimes.com)
  • Excessive movement in cold water cools the body much faster. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • As a result, boat operators must be fully aware of the impact of cold water immersion on the human body and prepared to respond accordingly. (takemyboattest.com)
  • The effects of cold water immersion can vary due to factors like age, body size, clothing, etc. (takemyboattest.com)
  • If you are training for a cold water event then it's an essential part of your training but if you're not then just take it easy and allow your body and mind to acclimatise to the cold gradually. (thebluetits.co)
  • It takes 60-90 seconds for the effects of the cold water shock to pass so it's a good idea to enter the water gradually, get your shoulders under, shout and swear all you like, and wait for the moment your body acclimatises and your breathing calms. (thebluetits.co)
  • Well, if you've been soaking up the heat all day and your body isn't use to cold water, aside from being struck by lightning, cold water shock is one of the biggest jolts your body can experience. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • body mass index, 23.4 ± 2.0 kg.m −2 ) carried out an athletic training session (rating of perceived exertion RPE: 14.70 ± 0.89) with either a passive recovery (PR) period or cold water immersion (CWI) for 14 min) (cross-over design). (frontiersin.org)
  • Habitation means that you can prepare your body to tolerate the cold. (melau.no)
  • March 13, 2013, my body went into septic shock. (cdc.gov)
  • What my family learned from the ICU team was that my body was in septic shock. (cdc.gov)
  • A vagal response to an extreme stimulus as this one, may, in very rare cases, render per se a cardiac arrest. (wikipedia.org)
  • The shock can even lead to cardiac arrest in susceptible individuals. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • After being rescued from cold water, a person is at risk of cardiac arrest or lung damage. (takemyboattest.com)
  • According to Laura Ansell , open water swimming coach and cold water specialist, wild swimming has likely seen a period of growth because it remains very low cost to participate in, with local open water venues, beaches and rivers easily accessible for many to explore. (yahoo.com)
  • Even though the weather is warm, glacier-fed water in nearby lakes and rivers, such as Lake Tapps, can be very, very cold. (profoundqa.com)
  • Rivers are still running cold. (yahoo.com)
  • But the rivers in the Rockies were clearly colder than the Southeast rivers. (heartsofiron2.com)
  • There is always the possibility that you could fall overboard and feel the effects of cold water immersion. (skisafe.com)
  • You gasp suddenly, and may hyperventilate. (wmuk.org)
  • If you find yourself suddenly immersed in water and experience cold water shock remember to fight your instincts and float to help increase your chances of survival. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • The duration varies depending on the individual's initial cold shock response. (5ws.wiki)
  • There are four distinct physiological stages during which an individual reacts to being immersed in cold water and may become unconscious and die (Golden and Harvey 1981). (takemyboattest.com)
  • Understanding the four stages of cold water immersion is crucial to prepare yourself for worst-case scenarios. (5ws.wiki)
  • The water can be dangerously cold, there are no lifeguards, no rescue equipment and it is simply not safe. (chickenruby.com)
  • The society advises people to get expert medical attention before cold water swimming if they have a heart condition, high blood pressure, asthma or are pregnant. (yahoo.com)
  • When a paddler capsizes and is immersed in cold water, the body's first reflexive action is to gasp for air, followed by increased heart rate, blood pressure and disorientation. (montanaoutdoor.com)
  • But the death of Kellie Poole, a 39-year-old whose heart stopped during a cold water immersion therapy session in Derbyshire last year, has raised questions about the safety of diving into ice-cold water, with the coroner this week raising concerns the lack of regulation. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • At the same time, the cold shock response causes the heart rate to increase and the peripheral blood vessels to close. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • While the cold shock response is activated by sensors on the body's skin, receptors on the face activate the so-called "dive response," which slows the heart rate. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Other than to stop this gasp response, the demonstration aims to show how much we all vary (my heart rate reading will be different to others for instance) but also, how adaptable we all are. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • With athletes jumping from the ferry, the strain on their heart is already elevated, possibly making the extra strain from the cold water shock dangerous. (melau.no)
  • Jumping or falling into cold water can lead to injuries, especially if there are unseen obstacles below the surface. (takemyboattest.com)
  • Before jumping into water you should splash some cold water on your face. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • Jumping into cold water will trigger the cold shock response. (profoundqa.com)
  • Military operations over cold water include Coast Guard ( Figure 6-1 ), Navy, and Marine Corps missions. (aneskey.com)
  • Overview of Allergic Reactions Allergic reactions (hypersensitivity reactions) are inappropriate responses of the immune system to a normally harmless substance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The magnitude of the cold shock response parallels the cutaneous cooling rate, and its termination is likely due to reflex baroreceptor responses or thermoreceptor habituation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is possible to undergo physiological conditioning to reduce the cold shock response, and some people are naturally better suited to swimming in very cold water. (wikipedia.org)
  • people are starting to consider cold water therapy to help with their anxiety, social isolation, depression, and physical well-being too. (orca.com)
  • There are many reasons why people decide to take to the water in the colder months, and if you are contemplating venturing into the cold, you need to consider some things when starting this Autumn. (orca.com)
  • Some people find cold-water swimming invigorating. (suntimes.com)
  • People will have their own opinions about whether diving into a cold pond is a positive, rejuvenating experience, but if this is the benefit you're looking for, a two-minute immersion is sufficient, Tipton says. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • A Dutch study with 3,000 participants showed that people who took a cold shower daily (after a hot shower) were sick 29% less often than those who only took a warm shower. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Cold water swimming is an activity with as many benefits as there are people who do it! (thebluetits.co)
  • And cold water shock is one hazard many people just don't know much about. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • and, of course, it's in the acceptance that people vary and, in trying to find out what that source of variability is that you gain understanding into why some people survive in cold or heat, why some people even survive on intensive care, and some don't. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • And so one of the things that we've been looking at are ways of trying to protect people, not only in terms of technology (clothing, lifejackets and things like that) but also physiologically against that response. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Graihagh - Mike mentions drowning here because when people fall into the water, they gasp and by gasping they inhale water - it's part of the fight or flight response, you need oxygen to do either - and whilst above ground this is okay, it's a good thing, in water, it's why drowning it's the third most common form of unintentional death worldwide. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Many people believe that if you fall into cold water you become immediately hypothermic. (nols.edu)
  • At this time of year there are more cases of Cold Shock Response. (tahoedailytribune.com)
  • And while there are plenty of theories about how and why spending time in cold water is good for you - it sure does feel fantastic once you get out - when it comes to scientific evidence, things get a bit trickier. (suntimes.com)
  • The more you shout, swear, or sing the less time you have to gasp. (thebluetits.co)
  • At the same time there is a "gasp" response which can result in water being breathed rather than air. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • The research agenda tended to focus on the risks of cold exposure, military performance, and how to survive in harsh climates - not so much the potential therapeutic benefits. (wmuk.org)
  • How benefits of Cold water immersion therapy outweigh the risks? (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Do the purported health and wellness benefits of cold water immersion outweigh the risks? (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Others may exhibit symptoms including thrashing, darting, gasping, swimming near the water's surface and trying to jump out of the tank . (theseasideinstitute.org)
  • Neoprene gloves also protect extremities from the cold,' Allan says. (yahoo.com)
  • In fact, cold water swimming (also known as ice swimming or winter swimming) is a sport and an activity that reportedly can lead to several health benefits when done regularly. (wikipedia.org)
  • In response to cold shock, a person will frequently gasp and can begin hyperventilating, which can lead to inadvertently swallowing water. (americanhunter.org)
  • Just as the effects of exercise can vary - a jog is different from lifting weights - the same goes for cold exposure. (wmuk.org)
  • The physiological effects of the cold shock response can also be dangerous. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • The effects of cold water shock will pass quite quickly, within 60-90 seconds. (coastmonkey.ie)
  • One method to limit the effects of fatigue on performance is cold water immersion (CWI). (frontiersin.org)