• I developed a chemical climatology of trace gases and aerosols that can be used to validate and improve models. (umd.edu)
  • The comparisons of model and measured profiles, comparisons of surface measurements, and clustering methods are used to explain sources, sinks and distributions of trace gases and aerosols in the mid-Atlantic thus improving the understanding of the lower atmospheric composition in this area. (umd.edu)
  • During summer and early autumn, air masses containing increased levels of greenhouse gases and aerosols frequently split off from this high-pressure zone. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Substances like biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), the various nitrogen oxides, carbonaceous particles, ozone or methane act in the atmosphere either directly as greenhouse gases and aerosols, or as key precursors for greenhouse gases and secondary organic aerosol. (lu.se)
  • The levels of greenhouse gases are escalating off the charts at blinding speed. (geoengineeringwatch.org)
  • From their research, atmospheric scientists have determined that the effects clouds and aerosols have on the climate system is offsetting warming from greenhouse gases -- which ultimately explains why scientists haven't seen as much warming as expected from the levels of greenhouse gases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Half of the patients (50.3%) were exposed daily to vapors, dust, gases, or fumes and 58 (34.3%) were exposed to biomass smoke. (who.int)
  • Valve fittings are components used in plumbing and industrial piping systems to control and regulate the flow of liquids, gases, and slurries. (tradeindia.com)
  • However, some situations could be more hazardous when contact lenses are worn e.g. where the hazard is dust or harmful liquids, gases or vapours. (edu.au)
  • Aerosols and liquids are absorbed through skin. (who.int)
  • They are familiar with the most important variables and measurement techniques related to aerosols, clouds, and reactive trace gases, including their advantages and limitations. (actris.net)
  • Discover and make use of the FLEXPART atmospheric transport modelling products for ground-based observations to analyse source regions and emission sources of aerosols and reactive trace gases. (atmo-access.eu)
  • Depending on the extent of these two processes, these black and brown carbon aerosols may exert a warming influence or a cooling influence on our atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The increase in brown carbon aerosols will lead to global or regional warming, which increases the probability and frequency of wildfires. (azocleantech.com)
  • The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) is the pan-European research infrastructure producing high-quality data and information on short-lived atmospheric constituents and on the processes leading to the variability of these constituents in natural and controlled atmospheres. (psi.ch)
  • The Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) is a distributed infrastructure dedicated to high-quality observation of aerosols, clouds, trace gases and exploration of their interactions. (psi.ch)
  • It will deliver precision data, services and procedures regarding the 4D variability of clouds, short-lived atmospheric species and the physical, optical and chemical properties of aerosols to improve the current capacity to analyse, understand and predict past, current and future evolution of the atmospheric environment. (psi.ch)
  • Permanent and long-term observations of aerosols, clouds and trace gases at distributed National Facilities are performed by ACTRIS ERIC member countries. (psi.ch)
  • Another essential role aerosols play in the climate system is their ability to form clouds. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Clouds work differently than greenhouse gases in the atmosphere," said Lewis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The overall aim of RA3 is to formulate and validate a model framework - linking vegetation, aerosols, clouds and their climate feedbacks. (lu.se)
  • Aerosol particles and their role for clouds and climate is an important part of climate research and of huge importance for air quality around the world. (lu.se)
  • the subsequent atmospheric oxidation of BVOCs and their secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential, with consequences for clouds, global radiation and precipitation. (lu.se)
  • Bollasina, M. A., Y. Ming, and V. Ramaswamy, 2011: Anthropogenic aerosols and the weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon. (cmsjournal.net)
  • Chen, W., and B. W. Dong, 2019: Anthropogenic impacts on recent decadal change in temperature extremes over China: Relative roles of greenhouse gases and anthropogenic aerosols. (cmsjournal.net)
  • This article examines the hypothesis of deterministic emissions convergence for a panel of the BRICS and Indonesia to advanced countries' emissions levels as well as to Sweden (which is a country that has clearly gone through decoupling) using a novel dataset with ten series of annual estimates of anthropogenic emissions comprising aerosols, aerosol precursor and reactive compounds, and carbon dioxide from 1820 to 2018. (upo.es)
  • Due to the huge variety of both natural and anthropogenic sources of organic compounds, simultaneous quantification and identification of organic compounds in aerosol samples represents a demanding analytical challenge. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • We report on the aerosol generation of ligand-free silver iodobismuthate (Ag-Bi-I) nanoparticles (NPs) and on in situ investigation of their electronic structure using synchrotron radiation soft X-ray aerosol photoelectron spectroscopy (XAPS). (figshare.com)
  • In this study, we use small-angle X-ray scattering to perform direct in-flight characterizations of the first step of this process, i.e., the engineered formation of Au and Pt aerosol nanoparticles by spark generation in a flow of N 2 gas. (lu.se)
  • The physicists have developed a method of manufacturing metal nanoparticles using aerosol technology, and one possibility would be to mix these metal nanoparticles into a liquid that is then used to print, he explains. (lu.se)
  • Secondary formation of acetone may be more efficient in Mexico City than in the U.S., due to higher emissions of alkane precursors from the use of liquefied petroleum gas. (nasa.gov)
  • A long-run convergence analysis of aerosol precursors, reactive gases, and aerosols in the BRICS and Indonesia: is a global emissions abatement agenda supported? (upo.es)
  • Diesel engines are a major contributor to concentrations of submicron aerosols, CO, CO2, NOX, SO2 and hydrocarbons (HC) in underground coal and metal/nonmetal mines. (cdc.gov)
  • This dataset is from the Northern Ireland (NI) DELTA® Gas and Aerosol Monitoring Network, and consists of monthly atmospheric concentrations of inorganic, water-soluble, reactive gases and aerosols measured with the UKCEH DELTA® method at 4 sites across NI for the years 2019 to 2020. (data.gov.uk)
  • This dataset provides information on greenhouse gases and human-produced air pollution, including atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), tropospheric ozone (O3) and black carbon (BC) aerosols, collected during airborne campaigns conducted by NASA's Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. (nasa.gov)
  • This energy imbalance is due to the positive radiative forcing of the climate system, which is dominated by the increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, CO 2 in particular 4 . (nature.com)
  • Regardless of duration, all tasks released particles and organic gases, though concentrations varied between SLA and DLP processes and among tasks. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we report our measurement of the gas-particle partition coefficient ( K p ) for weakly polar (trichloroethylene, TCE) and moderately polar ( n -butanol, n -BuOH) VOCs under varying relative humidity (RH) levels onto organic and inorganic aerosols. (aaqr.org)
  • Sulfate is among the major components of atmospheric aerosols or fine particulate matters. (copernicus.org)
  • Aerosols loaded with sulfate result in low air quality, damage to ecosystems, and influences on climate change. (copernicus.org)
  • Sulfate aerosols could originate from that directly emitted to the atmosphere and that produced by atmospheric physicochemical processes. (copernicus.org)
  • To meet this need, a new method to estimate the contribution of the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radical (OH) and SO 2 to the sulfate aerosol is proposed and investigated. (copernicus.org)
  • Then the relationship between sulfate concentration and the SO 2 -OH reaction is analyzed statistically to investigate the sources of sulfate in aerosols. (copernicus.org)
  • nitrate, sulfate, and nitrite were analyzed online with a time resolution of two hours for the gas and aerosol phase. (copernicus.org)
  • Seasonal and diurnal variations of nitrate in the gas and aerosol phase were observed with more than 50% of the total nitrate in the gas phase during August and more than 80% of nitrate in the aerosol phase during March exceeding the concentration of sulfate by a factor of 2. (copernicus.org)
  • Aerosol sulfate, on the other hand, did not show significant variability with season. (copernicus.org)
  • Observations of traces gases and aerosols in the troposphere are often difficult since field experiments can be disturbed by nearby sources, transport phenomena and unreliable weather conditions. (copernicus.org)
  • Scatter plots of acetonitrile versus CO suggest that the contribution of biomass burning to the enhancement of most gas and aerosol species was not dominant and perhaps not dissimilar from observations in the U.S. (nasa.gov)
  • ICOS and ACTRIS aim at producing long-term high-quality observations of long-lived greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers as well as other relevant atmospheric pollutants. (lu.se)
  • The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) is a series of remote sensing satellite instruments used to study the chemical composition of Earth's atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Before there was SAGE, there was the Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement experiment, or SAM. (nasa.gov)
  • The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment I (SAGE I) was launched February 18, 1979, aboard the Applications Explorer Mission-B (AEM-B) satellite. (nasa.gov)
  • SAGE data has been used to study the atmospheres aerosols, ozone, water vapor, and other trace gases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some results from the campaign are presented to demonstrate the performance of the instrument in an atmosphere containing water vapor and inorganic aerosol. (ucc.ie)
  • The heat of the fires can result in powerful convection currents that bring aerosols and pollutants to elevations of 12 kilometers or more. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The research programmes on trace gases (i.e. greenhouse gases, reactive air pollutants) and aerosols at the Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3571 m a.s.l.) are among the most comprehensive worldwide. (psi.ch)
  • The VOCs preferentially sorbed onto inorganic aerosol. (aaqr.org)
  • Assessing the gas-particle partitioning of VOCs is important to determine their fate, transport, and adverse health impacts. (aaqr.org)
  • Results suggest preferential sorption of the VOCs onto inorganic aerosol particles than onto organic aerosol particles. (aaqr.org)
  • Partitioning of the VOCs onto organic aerosol particles was less dependent on RH levels while partitioning onto inorganic aerosol particles was important only at low RH levels. (aaqr.org)
  • In contrast, at higher RH, the extremely low mass fraction of the VOCs, absorbed onto the aerosol particle's bulk by dissolving into the aqueous phase. (aaqr.org)
  • At increasing RH levels, both VOCs partitioning onto in/organic aerosol particles exhibited similar behavior (exponential) consistent to those observed for 1,2-dichlorobenzene, therefore, insensitive to the polarity. (aaqr.org)
  • However, at a similar RH level, polarity affects the mass fraction of the VOCs that sorbed onto the aerosol particles. (aaqr.org)
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonaceous aerosol were measured at a sub-urban site near Mexico City in March of 2006 during the MILAGRO study (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Objectives). (nasa.gov)
  • Emission ratios of many hydrocarbon species relative to CO were higher in Mexico City than in the U.S., but we found similar emission ratios for most oxygenated VOCs and organic aerosol. (nasa.gov)
  • Specifically, SAGE has been used to study the Earth's ozone layer and aerosols at the troposphere through the stratosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ozone and aerosols affect air quality, visibility and human health. (umd.edu)
  • Combined sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides removal from simulated flue gas is investigated with an enhanced wet electrostatic precipitator (wESP) that injects ammonia and/or ozone into the flue gas to create ammonium salts aerosols, enhancing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides removal. (readabstracts.com)
  • Vat photopolymerization (VP), a type of additive manufacturing process that cures resin to build objects, can emit potentially hazardous particles and gases. (cdc.gov)
  • This analyzer can measure gases and aerosols from the same air mass. (metrohm.com)
  • VHL is equipped with meteorological instrumentation and can measure gases, aerosol particles, and precipitation chemistry. (lu.se)
  • People working in contaminated environments often wear face masks to protect against airborne aerosols (including viruses and bacteria). (google.com)
  • The agreement with aerosol types from ECMWF's MACC model is generally good for urban/industrial (SO4) aerosols and biomass burning smoke, but the variability (yearly and/or seasonal) is often not well captured by MACC. (knmi.nl)
  • Other types of aerosol particles form during combustion or other industrial processes in factories and car engines, from burning biomass (such as trees and brush) to clear land for agriculture, and even in cooking fires. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, mounting evidence suggests that the virus can be transmitted through the inhalation of virus-laden aerosols ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • VX) act primarily through skin penetration and by inhalation of aerosol. (who.int)
  • Irritant gas inhalation injury is the result of gases that, when inhaled, dissolve in the water of the respiratory tract mucosa and cause an inflammatory response. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A core instrument on board HALO is the infrared spectrometer GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere), which allows 3D tomographic mapping of temperatures, cloud parameters, and the levels of numerous trace gases in the atmosphere. (eurasiareview.com)
  • ATom deploys an extensive gas and aerosol payload on the NASA DC-8 aircraft for systematic, global-scale sampling of the atmosphere, profiling continuously from 0.2 to 12 km altitude. (nasa.gov)
  • the course is organized by University of Helsinki, Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) and ATM-MP Master Program, within the framework of the European research infrastructure ACTRIS and in collaboration with iLEAPS, PEEX, ATM-DP Doctoral Program, the Nordic Graduate School "Biosphere-Carbon-Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions" (CBACCI) and Nordic Master's Degree Program "Atmosphere-Biosphere-Studies" (ABS). (actris.net)
  • The jet exhaust from geoengineering aircraft are further loading the atmosphere with greenhouse gases. (geoengineeringwatch.org)
  • Scientists define an aerosol as a suspension of particles in the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have a large effect on climate because they trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet," Sedlacek said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, when we look at our estimates of how much warming we should be seeing based on the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, something is off. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When we take into account how aerosols interact with incoming solar radiant energy -- the dominant source of the energy in Earth's climate system -- we can reconcile the less-than-expected warming of our atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Most aerosols in the atmosphere only scatter light from the sun, sending some of the sun's radiant energy back to space and exerting a cooling influence on Earth's climate. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The amount of mineral dust outside of the dust belt appears to be overestimated, and the abundance of secondary organic aerosols is severely underestimated in comparison with GACA. (knmi.nl)
  • Secondary Organic Aerosols - (S. McGivern, MML) Goal: to identify and characterize chemical processes that affect the interaction of atmospheric organic aerosols with incoming solar radiation. (nist.gov)
  • Knowledge of aerosol type or source is of importance for the calculation of aerosol radiative effects, for the development and monitoring of mitigation strategies, and for the construction of climatologies of aerosol optical properties (needed for, e.g., aerosol retrieval). (knmi.nl)
  • SUBSTANCE: invention relates to face masks (gas masks and respirators) providing anti-aerosol protection of the respiratory and visual organs from various aerosols, including viruses and bacteria. (google.com)
  • The invention can be used in industry for the protection of the respiratory system and eyesight working from various aerosols, including viruses and bacteria, and additional protection of people around from the possibility of infection with aerosol secretions from the respiratory tract of the worker. (google.com)
  • Aerosols are small respiratory particles that can linger in the air and can disperse or travel over a distance of 2 meters under certain circumstances. (cdc.gov)
  • When dispersed as a vapor or aerosol, or absorbed on dust, they are readily absorbed through the respiratory tract and conjunctivae. (who.int)
  • Aerosol composition will be measured with the novel ERICA instrument jointly developed by the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry and Mainz University. (eurasiareview.com)
  • These results can then be used to study the formation of aerosols from their precursor gases and how their concentration and composition vary with diurnal and seasonal cycles. (metrohm.com)
  • Fu and his collaborators aim to look into how wildfires change the composition of aerosols from resources other than brown carbon in the future. (azocleantech.com)
  • Gases and particle composition and properties can be measured with a unique suite of advanced instrumentation enabling an ensemble of analyses that competes on the highest international level. (lu.se)
  • Aerosol is particles in a gas volume. (lu.se)
  • A system of atomised solid or fluid particles in a gas. (lu.se)
  • All compressed gas containers, whether empty, full, or partially full, must be recycled at the Household Hazardous Waste drop-off sites at I-66 Transfer Station and I-95 Landfill Complex . (fairfaxcounty.gov)
  • Compressed gas containers are regulated as hazardous waste by the EPA. (fairfaxcounty.gov)
  • Fine particles in the flue gas consisted of about 26.48% limestone and 41.19% gypsum particulate matter, eventually forming the Ca 11.3 Al 14 O 32.3 crystal. (aaqr.org)
  • But certainly, this steady warming of the ocean that's been happening in the Atlantic because of the combination of greenhouse gas increases and the particulate pollution decreases, that has a profound effect - and the changes to the particulate pollution have a much more dramatic effect on the hurricanes. (cnn.com)
  • A NIOSH-certified CBRN PAPR with a loose-fitting face-piece, hood, or helmet and a filter or a combination organic vapor, acid gas, and particulate cartridge/filter combination or a continuous flow respirator for air levels greater than AEGL-1. (cdc.gov)
  • Aerosols: ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), sulphate (SO42-), chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+) The network is operated jointly by Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) and the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), and funded by the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA), Northern Ireland. (data.gov.uk)
  • Drop off small compressed gas tanks and cartridges (up to 20 pounds each) at Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) . (fairfaxcounty.gov)
  • Separating gases from aerosols allows the detection of important precursor gases and the subsequent inorganic ionic species found in the aerosols. (metrohm.com)
  • The NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements Program supports researchers and collaborators as they work to advance our understanding of carbonaceous aerosols, including the direct and indirect radiative forcing effects of black carbon and organic aerosol particulates. (nist.gov)
  • Carbonaceous Aerosol Measurements - (M. Zachariah and C. Zangmeister, MML) Goal: to develop methods to decrease the uncertainty in the measurement of particle size, size distribution and shape in order to enable higher fidelity field measurements. (nist.gov)
  • 2060 MARGA is a fully autonomous sampling and measurement system that continuously measures the water-soluble gas and aerosol components that have a direct effect on air quality. (metrohm.com)
  • Methods and Standards for Measurement of Atmospheric Aerosol Radiative Properties - (C. Zangmeister and M. Zachariah, Materials Measurement Lab) Goal: to develop methods that facilitate the measurement of aerosol optical properties, apply these measurements to relevant atmospheric systems that improve models of radiative forcing, and develop a transferrable aerosol with known optical properties. (nist.gov)
  • The particle removal properties of wet flue gas desulfurization with double towers. (aaqr.org)
  • The flue gas particles were collected by an Andersen 8-stage impactor, and their mass concentration and particle size distribution were investigated. (aaqr.org)
  • Heterogeneous Atmospheric Dust: Individual Particles Microanalysis Optical Property Modeling and Lab-Generated Particle Analogs - ( J. Conny , MML) Goal: to determine the natural variation in optical properties of heterogeneous aerosols based on microanalysis of selected individual particles. (nist.gov)
  • Examples of such models are box models based on MCM (Master Chemical Mechanism) or similar chemical schemes linked to some dynamic aerosol particle representations often based on information from laboratory work. (lu.se)
  • Then it would be possible to print any particle that can exist in aerosol form. (lu.se)
  • The atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by OH radicals over tropical rainforests impacts local particle production and the lifetime of globally distributed chemically and radiatively active gases. (bvsalud.org)
  • A new study published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances found that over the past four decades, a 50% decrease in aerosols - tiny particles of air pollution - over North America and Europe led to a 33% increase in the number of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic. (cnn.com)
  • An atmospheric scientist has flown on planes outfitted with high tech equipment through wildfire plumes and over the ocean, and has visited stations all over the globe to observe aerosols and understand the potentially big impact these suspensions of tiny particles can have on climate. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Art Sedlacek, an atmospheric scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, has gone to extreme lengths to study aerosols -- tiny particles emitted from factories, forest fires, car exhaust, and sometimes from natural sources. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Other aerosol particles, termed "black carbon" and "brown carbon" -- typically created from wildfires, industrial processes, and car exhaust -- can both scatter and absorb light from the sun. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This comprehensive dataset will be used to improve the representation of chemically reactive gases and short-lived climate forcers in global models of atmospheric chemistry and climate. (nasa.gov)
  • Chemically and toxicologically, the nerve gases are similar to many of the commercial organophosphate pesticides and, while information on severe nerve gas poisoning in humans is rather limited, there are extensive data on human exposure to some of these pesticides. (who.int)
  • Emission and chemistry of organic carbon in the gas and aerosol phase at a. (nasa.gov)
  • Trace gas emission modelling is not only important for future chemistry-climate and chemistry-climate-feedback studies. (lu.se)
  • Many experts had recognized early on that the planet was warming from the greenhouse gas buildup. (geoengineeringwatch.org)
  • Metrohm AeRosol Sampler «MARS» is a sample preparation module that samples aerosol particles from an air stream and brings them into the aqueous phase. (metrohm.com)
  • The spraying of reflective aerosols from jet aircraft for ' solar radiation management ' programs in a highly destructive and highly toxic attempt to mitigate global warming has been going on for decades. (geoengineeringwatch.org)
  • The initial cooling effect from aircraft sprayed atmospheric aerosols (solar radiation management programs) going back many decades has since given way to the negative consequences of this activity and the continuing buildup of greenhouse gases. (geoengineeringwatch.org)
  • Aerosol particles are used within nanotechnology (for instance solar cells), in health care (for instance the Turbuhaler®), but also have adverse health effects during deposition in our lungs and affect climate through the reflection and absorption of solar light and through cloud formation. (lu.se)
  • However, the observed hemispheric asymmetry in heat gain can be explained by the Earth's internal climate variability without invoking alternate hypotheses, such as asymmetric aerosol loading. (nature.com)
  • Sedlacek's goal is to understand the impact aerosols have on Earth's climate system. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The spectral analysis of NO3 and NO2, the concentration dependence of the water absorption cross sections, and the retrieval of aerosol extinction are discussed. (ucc.ie)
  • Diurnal variations of hydrocarbons, elemental carbon (EC) and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) were dominated by a high peak in the early morning when local emissions accumulated in a shallow boundary layer, and a minimum in the afternoon when the emissions were diluted in a significantly expanded boundary layer and, in case of the reactive gases, removed by OH. (nasa.gov)
  • but on the other hand, we found there are some bad effects when we reduce aerosol emissions - and that is hurricane activity," Hiro Murakami, the lead author of the study and a scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, told CNN. (cnn.com)
  • Reducing aerosol emissions is kind of like quitting smoking, he said. (cnn.com)
  • These results have implications for the abatement of greenhouse gases emissions at the global level, given the high share of emissions of the BRICS. (upo.es)
  • For that reason dynamic global vegetation models are increasingly being developed to improve their capacity to simulate emissions of non-CO 2 trace gases. (lu.se)
  • Gas and aerosol samples were taken using a wet effluent diffusion denuder/aerosol collector (WEDD/AC) coupled to ion chromatography (IC) in the city of Zurich, Switzerland from August to September 2002 and in March 2003. (copernicus.org)
  • In this regard, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) has become an effective analytical method. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • We compared the performance of gas chromatography with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS) and GC×GC-TOFMS for quantitative analysis of eighteen target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (ewha.ac.kr)
  • There are two primary opposing factors which are the most critical in regard to our rapidly changing biosphere conditions: atmospheric aerosols and greenhouse gases. (geoengineeringwatch.org)
  • With most blood gas machines, the oxygen saturation is calculated on the basis of the PaO 2 level. (medscape.com)
  • The alveolar gas equation can be used to estimate the efficiency of pulmonary oxygen delivery to the arterial circulation in the presence of supplemental oxygen administration. (medscape.com)
  • However, in the gas phase, the SO 2 concentration was 6.5 times higher in winter than in summer. (copernicus.org)
  • Nitrous acid (HONO) also showed a diurnal variation in both the gas and aerosol phase with the lowest concentration (0.2-0.6 µg/m 3 ) in the afternoon. (copernicus.org)
  • The COVID pandemic shutdowns in South Asia greatly reduced the concentration of short-lived cooling particles in the air, while the concentration of long-lived greenhouse gases was barely affected. (phys.org)
  • The water-soluble gases are absorbed in a Wet Rotating Denuder device, and then the water-soluble ions in the aerosols are extracted in a Steam-Jet Aerosol Collector. (metrohm.com)
  • For some people, the term "aerosol" refers to the propellant in a spray can -- because substances like hairspray and spray paint come out of those cans as a mist of small particles. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Indoor Air: Cyanogen chloride (CK) can be released into indoor air as a liquid spray (aerosol) or as a gas. (cdc.gov)
  • Agricultural: If cyanogen chloride (CK) is released into the air as a liquid spray (aerosol), it has the potential to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)