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Ganglia, ParasympatheticGanglia, AutonomicParasympathetic Nervous SystemGangliaGanglionic BlockersRetinal Ganglion CellsGanglia, SpinalNeuronsBasal GangliaVagus NerveGanglia, SympatheticTrigeminal GanglionCatsAcetylcholineGuinea PigsGanglia, SensoryAction PotentialsSynaptic TransmissionMembrane PotentialsElectrophysiologyElectric StimulationStellate GanglionSpiral GanglionHeartNodose GanglionGanglia, InvertebrateSuperior Cervical GanglionBasal Ganglia DiseasesRetinaGeniculate GanglionChemical Warfare AgentsAcetylcholinesteraseCholinesterase InhibitorsSarinSomanMass Casualty IncidentsOrganothiophosphorus Compounds
Superior cervicalSphenopalatineNervousFibersNeuronsInnervationPterygopalatine ganglionSubmandibular ganglionPrevertebral gangliaNervesOticDorsal root gaCranialGastrointestinal tractPostganglionic parasympatheticPreganglionicVagus nerveNicotinicCarotidGasserian ganglionInnervateNeuroeffector junctionsJunctionsParagangliomasPonsCiliary muscleCervicalPosteriorAfferentHead and neckReceptorsOphthalmicSpinalPupillarySensory root
Superior cervical3
  • The autonomic fibers come in part from the superior cervical ganglion through the internal carotid plexus. (deepdyve.com)
  • The sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion are chiefly vasoconstrictors, but they also include vasodilators, according to Dastre and Morat.1 The preganglionic fibers arise in the lower cervical and the upper thoracic portion of the cord, reaching the ganglion through the cervical sympathetic trunk. (deepdyve.com)
  • [ 6 ] PHEOs are derived from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and SPGLs are found in close relationship to the peripheral sympathetic nervous system from the level of the superior cervical ganglion down the trunk into the pelvis. (medscape.com)
Sphenopalatine15
  • Others come from the great superficial petrosal nerve, synapsing in the sphenopalatine ganglion. (deepdyve.com)
  • Vasodilator and secretory fibers from the sphenopalatine ganglion to References 1. (deepdyve.com)
  • Blier, X.: Physiology of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion , Am. J. Physiol. (deepdyve.com)
  • Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks should always be considered as a first line approach to this disorder because of both safety and efficacy. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • This video is a patient who found relief with Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks after Brain Surgery and MVD Microvascular Decompression Failed to provide relief. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • SPG Blocks have relieved this pain and he can now Self-Administer Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • He has had multiple brain surgeries including a trigeminal nerve decompression surgery but only Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks have helped. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks are well established as a first line treatment for migraine and cluster headaches. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • The Sphenopalatine Ganglion is the largest Parasympathetic Ganglion of the cranium. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • Sympathetic nerves from the Superior Cervical Sympathetic Chain pass through the Sphenopalatine Ganglion prior to joining the Trigeminal Nerve. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • These same nerves pass through the Sphenopalatine Ganglion and along the Trigeminal Nerves to control blood flow to the anterior 2/3 of the meninges of the brain. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • Parasympathetic ganglia (eg, ciliary, sphenopalatine, otic, pelvic, and vagal ganglia) are located within the effector organs, and postganglionic fibers are only 1 or 2 mm long. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We aimed to determine whether sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) had a place as a treatment for headache, as well as its place as an anterior component of scalp block for supratentorial intracranial surgery. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using the keywords «sphenopalatine ganglion¼, «sphenopalatine ganglion block¼, «pain¼, «surgery¼ and «craniotomy¼ in PubMed and Google Scholar, we identified 14 relevant articles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trans-nasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) block over other treatments for Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) management. (bvsalud.org)
Nervous16
  • Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • Pheochromocytomas and some other paragangliomas are associated with ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most paragangliomas are associated with ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions such as digestion and saliva formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerves of the Autonomic nervous system run on all of the branches of the Trigeminal nervous System. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • Expression of the GFRα3 receptor is primarily restricted to the peripheral nervous system and is found in a subpopulation of nociceptive sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) that coexpress the Ret and TrkA receptor tyrosine kinases and the thermosensitive channel TRPV1. (jneurosci.org)
  • Trimethaphan is a drug that counteracts cholinergic transmission at the nicotinic receptors of the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system . (wikidoc.org)
  • The nervous system of the thorax is a vital part of the nervous system as a whole, as it includes the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and autonomic ganglia that communicate with and control many vital organs. (innerbody.com)
  • Its vibration helps loosen the sacral ligaments as well as stimulating and balancing the ganglion of impar, a center for controlling the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. (somaenergetics.com)
  • the peripheral nervous system contain ganglia. (flashnews.net)
  • 1. Either of two types of groups of nerve cells (sympathetic ganglion, parasympathetic ganglion) in the autonomic nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A ganglion of postganglionic autonomic neurons in the peripheral nervous system that are surrounded by a capsule of loose connective tissue. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Any of several ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • They are in the mesenteric nervous plexuses near the abdominal aorta and include the celiac and mesenteric ganglia. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Organized clusters of neurons and nerve fibers that are part of the autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) nervous system. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) emerge from the parasympathetic nervous systemand are usually benign, slow-growing tumors. (medscape.com)
Fibers21
  • The motor root carries presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers (GVE) that terminate in the ganglion and synapse with the postsynaptic fibers that, in turn, project to target organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sympathetic root carries postsynaptic sympathetic fibers (GVE) that traverse the ganglion without synapsing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sensory root carries general sensory fibers (GSA) that also do not synapse in the ganglion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some ganglia also carry special sensory fibers (SVA) for taste sensation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurokinin-containing nerve fibers were localized to guinea pig airway parasympathetic ganglia in control tissues but not in tissues pretreated with capsaicin. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Muscarinic ACh receptors are found mainly in the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. (medscape.com)
  • These are the cranial autonomic, or parasympathetic, fibers. (deepdyve.com)
  • Fischer A, Hoffmann B. Nitric oxide synthase in neurons and nerve fibers of lower airways and in vagal sensory ganglia of man. (ersjournals.com)
  • Presynaptic fibers are derived from the superior salivatory nucleus and carried by the chorda tympani nerve, which joins the lingual nerve traveling towards the ganglion. (medscape.com)
  • Postsynaptic fibers extend from the ganglion to the gland itself. (medscape.com)
  • The descending sensory fibers from the semilunar ganglion course through the pons and medulla in the spinal tract of CN V to end in the nuclei of this tract (as far as the second cervical segment). (medscape.com)
  • The carotid plexus contributes sympathetic fibers to the gasserian ganglion. (medscape.com)
  • The Gasserian ganglion receives the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions of CN V and sympathetic fibers from the carotid plexus and sends branches to the dura. (medscape.com)
  • GVE fibers provide motor (parasympathetic) innervation to the viscera. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • General visceral efferent fibers include preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers, which innervate lacrimal and seromucous glands in the nasal cavity and palate via the greater superficial petrosal nerve and sublingual and submandibular glands via the chorda tympani nerve. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • General visceral efferent fibers carry parasympathetic autonomic axons. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Although general visceral afferent fibers are part of the ANS, they are not classified as part of the sympathetic or parasympathetic system. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • the vagus nerve contains about 75% of all parasympathetic fibers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fibers that secrete acetylcholine (cholinergic fibers) include all preganglionic fibers, all postganglionic parasympathetic fibers, and some postganglionic sympathetic fibers (those that innervate piloerectors, sweat glands, and blood vessels). (msdmanuals.com)
  • a) Is found between the optic nerve and the medial rectus * b) Contains sympathetic nerve that supplies the sphincter pupillae * c) Is a parasympathetic relay ganglion for fibers from the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus? (globalguideline.com)
  • Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. (bvsalud.org)
Neurons8
  • Intracellular recordings from the ganglia neurons revealed that capsaicin-sensitive nerve stimulation potentiated subsequent preganglionic nerve-evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We observed scattered 5-HT 1D -IR neurons in the nodose ganglia, and there was sparse terminal immunoreactivity in the solitary nucleus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Autonomic neurons are also carried by the spinal nerves and carry signals to autonomic ganglia and further on to the organs of the trunk. (innerbody.com)
  • Dendrites of the neurons can be limited to the neuropil inside the ganglion, or they can pierce the capsule and extend into the surrounding regions. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Any of the ganglia of autonomic (mainly postganglionic parasympathetic) neurons clumped in the superficial and deep cardiac plexuses. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Microscopically, the peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion neurons look identical to axons. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The cell bodies for the general somatic afferent (GSA) (sensory) neurons are located in the trigeminal ganglion within the trigeminal canal. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Somatic afferent neurons are unipolar neurons that enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root & their cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia. (darkskiesfilm.com)
Innervation6
  • These paired ganglia supply all parasympathetic innervation to the head and neck. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mucus production is primarily controlled by parasympathetic innervation. (medscape.com)
  • Nasal obstruction may be produced by overactivity of the parasympathetic innervation or underactivity of the sympathetic innervation. (medscape.com)
  • Parasympathetic innervation of cranial arteries has been established in rat, cat and monkey, but information on humans is meagre. (bmj.com)
  • The gland itself lies on the hyoglossus muscle, superficial to both the hypoglossal and the lingual nerves, the latter supplying parasympathetic innervation by way of the chorda tympani nerve (from cranial nerve VII) and the submandibular ganglion. (medscape.com)
  • Experimental investigations have been conducted on mechanisms underlying the visual and systemic effects of tertiary amine exposure, included mydriasis and cylcoplegia due to effects on the innervation of the sphincter muscle of the iris, edema and rupture of the corneal epithelium, blockade of parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia, and histamine release. (cdc.gov)
Pterygopalatine ganglion2
  • ciliary ganglion (sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle) pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal gland, glands of nasal cavity) submandibular ganglion (submandibular and sublingual glands) otic ganglion (parotid gland) Each has three roots entering the ganglion and a variable number of exiting branches. (wikipedia.org)
  • Any of the four parasympathetic ganglia (ciliary ganglion, otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion) of the head. (unboundmedicine.com)
Submandibular ganglion1
  • In the case of the submandibular gland, this is mediated through the submandibular ganglion. (medscape.com)
Prevertebral ganglia1
  • The sympathetic ganglia are adjacent to the spine and consist of the vertebral (sympathetic chain) and prevertebral ganglia, including the superior cervical, celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and aorticorenal ganglia. (msdmanuals.com)
Nerves8
  • There are several important structures that reside in the vicinity of the ganglion: the cavernous sinus, the optic and trochlear nerves medially, the inferior surface of the temporal lobe of the brain superiorly, and the brain stem posteriorly. (asra.com)
  • General Autonomic Afferents is the designation of all afferent autonomic nerves, both sympathetic and parasympathetic. (sleepandhealth.com)
  • Many autonomic nerves and ganglia pass through the thoracic region to innervate the internal organs. (innerbody.com)
  • Sympathetic nerves and ganglia form the "fight or flight" system that deals with stress, excitement, emergencies and exercise by raising the heart and breathing rates, among other effects. (innerbody.com)
  • It is concluded that activation of the trigeminal system increases carotid blood flow by a pathway involving the seventh cranial nerve, the GSP and Vidian nerves, and a parasympathetic synapse employing an unconventional transmitter. (nih.gov)
  • It sends postganglionic parasympathetic axons into the eye, via the short ciliary nerves, to innervate the ciliaris and the pupillary sphincter. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Likewise, a patient can have normal vision and an efferent PLR deficit due to a pharmacologic parasympathetic blockade ( e.g. atropine, tropicamide), atrophy of the pupillary sphincter muscle, or an abnormality of the ciliary ganglion or long posterior ciliary nerves. (dvm360.com)
  • However, these visceral sensory nerves often colocalize within sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. (darkskiesfilm.com)
Otic1
Dorsal root ga2
Cranial2
  • In addition, trigeminal ganglion interventions have also been used to palliate cancer pain involving cranial or base of the skull structures. (asra.com)
  • Its sensory ganglion (the gasserian ganglion) resides in Meckel's cave, which is in the floor of the middle cranial fossa. (asra.com)
Gastrointestinal tract2
  • The motility of the gastrointestinal tract is regulated by the parasympathetic system, and blockage of this input results in diminished motility and constipation . (wikidoc.org)
  • In the gastrointestinal tract, there are two distinct ganglion layers that mediate peristalsis: submucosal (Meissner's) plexus and myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus. (pressbooks.pub)
Postganglionic parasympathetic1
  • Tonic pupil results from damage to the ciliary ganglion or postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibres. (dermnetnz.org)
Preganglionic3
  • This ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the midbrain via the oculomotor nerve (CN III). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Preganglionic: This set is located in the CNS, with connections to another set in ganglia outside the CNS. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic system are located in the brain stem and sacral portion of the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
Vagus nerve1
  • The parasympathetic system, mostly represented in the thorax by the vagus nerve, acts as the body's "rest and digest" system by counteracting the sympathetic system and relaxing the heart and lungs. (innerbody.com)
Nicotinic1
  • The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor , also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor , [1] is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor , consisting of α3 and β4 subunits . (wikipedia.org)
Carotid2
  • Stimulation of the trigeminal nerve or ganglion in the cat caused a frequency-dependent reduction in carotid vascular resistance. (nih.gov)
  • A ganglion formed by filaments from the carotid plexus beneath the carotid artery. (unboundmedicine.com)
Gasserian ganglion3
  • 1 In idiopathic TN, chemical neurolysis with glycerol, radiofrequency ablation, or balloon rhizotomy of the gasserian ganglion are the preferred treatment choices over MVD. (asra.com)
  • Secondary TNs may also be an indication for neuroablative therapies of the gasserian ganglion. (asra.com)
  • The gasserian ganglion lies in a depression on the petrous apex, within a dural fold called the Meckel cave. (medscape.com)
Innervate1
  • Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. (wikipedia.org)
Neuroeffector junctions1
  • Acetylcholinesterase is present at ganglia, visceral neuroeffector junctions, and neuromuscular junctional endplates. (pharmacology2000.com)
Junctions1
  • Many drugs can cause xerostomia (Box C). 20-24 Reduced salivary flow may be related to a drug's parasympatholytic or antimuscarinic effect in the CNS at parasympathetic and some sympathetic ganglia, or at parasympathetic and some sympathetic effector junctions. (dentalcare.com)
Paragangliomas1
  • Parasympathetic paragangliomas, typically found in the head and neck, usually do not produce hormones. (medlineplus.gov)
Pons2
  • The main sensory nucleus receives its afferents (as the sensory root) from the semilunar ganglion through the lateral part of the pons ventral surface. (medscape.com)
  • They then pass from the posterior aspect of the ganglion to the pons. (medscape.com)
Ciliary muscle2
  • The ciliary muscle of the eye functions to round the lens for accommodation and is controlled mainly by parasympathetic system input. (wikidoc.org)
  • With administration of a ganglion-blocking drug, the ciliary muscle cannot contract (cycloplegia) and the patient loses the ability to focus their eyes. (wikidoc.org)
Cervical2
  • The visceral efferents of the superior cervical ganglia did not contain 5-HT 1D immunoreactivity. (jneurosci.org)
  • The effect on resistance was predominantly ipsilateral and was unaltered by cervical sympathectomy, but was abolished or substantially reduced by section of the trigeminal root proximal to the ganglion. (nih.gov)
Posterior1
  • A roughly spherical ganglion of unipolar neuronal cell bodies in the posterior roots of each spinal nerve near the intervertebral foramina. (unboundmedicine.com)
Afferent1
  • These ganglia are a meshwork of visceral afferent, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons that coat the lower part of the trachea, its bifurcation, the aorta, the pulmonary trunk, and the coronary arteries. (unboundmedicine.com)
Head and neck1
Receptors1
  • These data highlight the important integrative role played by parasympathetic ganglia and indicate that activation of NK 3 receptors in airway ganglia by endogenous neurokinins facilitates synaptic neurotransmission. (johnshopkins.edu)
Ophthalmic3
  • 7 Furthermore, the ganglion has a somatotropic distribution: thus the mandibular portion lies in the rostral and lateral part, the maxillary division does in the middle portion, and the ophthalmic division does in the cephalad and medial region. (asra.com)
  • 5 The ophthalmic division leaves the ganglion to reach the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. (asra.com)
  • The semilunar (gasserian or trigeminal) ganglion is the great sensory ganglion of CN V. It contains the sensory cell bodies of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve (the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary divisions). (medscape.com)
Spinal2
Pupillary1
  • One facet of this interesting syndrome is the demonstration of pupillary signs by pharmacological studies explicable by the sudden onset of parasympathetic and sympathetic deficit, implicating an autonomic neuropathy mediated by an autoimmune process or viral infection. (bmj.com)
Sensory root1
  • This motor root joins the semilunar ganglion together with the sensory root. (medscape.com)