CidofovirValganciclovirAntiviralRetinitisFOSCAVIREncephalitisCytomegalovirusPhosphorylationResistantSodiumIntravenousViralZidovudinePatientsSuppressDrugsKidneyDrugAcyclovirValcyteResistanceIsolatesToxicityInfectionInjectionsSusceptibilityLesionsDidanosineKinaseMedicationsINJECTIONProgressionTransplantMortalityVeinTherapyConcentrationsDoseTreatmentDosesRisksLaboratoryEffectiveDrugRiskLowerCases
Cidofovir3
- Second-line treatments include foscarnet, cidofovir, or maribavir. (medscape.com)
- Cidofovir, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, and foscarnet are used in the prevention and/or treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
- ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir use for treatment of CMV disease). (hiv.gov)
Valganciclovir3
- Alternate treatments involve valganciclovir, or foscarnet. (wikipedia.org)
- The most commonly used medicines are ganciclovir, valganciclovir, and foscarnet. (adam.com)
- Taking the antiviral drugs ganciclovir (Cytovene) and valganciclovir (Valcyte) by mouth before the transplant can lower your chance of getting a new infection or reactivating an old infection. (adam.com)
Antiviral2
- Results from a large, multicenter clinical trial show that patients with AIDS treated for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, a serious eye infection, with the antiviral drug foscarnet, lived longer than those who received the standard treatment for CMV retinitis, ganciclovir. (nih.gov)
- Foscarnet exerts its antiviral activity by a selective inhibition at the pyrophosphate binding site on virus-specific DNA polymerases at concentrations that do not affect cellular DNA polymerases. (druglib.com)
Retinitis7
- Trial results show that foscarnet and ganciclovir were equally effective in halting the progression of CMV retinitis and preserving vision in patients newly diagnosed with eye disease. (nih.gov)
- The Foscarnet-Ganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial, a randomized, multicenter clinical trial, is supported by the National Eye Institute, a component of the National Institutes of Health. (nih.gov)
- According to Douglas Jabs, M.D., associate professor of ophthalmology at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and chairman of the study, "These results suggest that, for many patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis, foscarnet may be a better initial treatment than ganciclovir. (nih.gov)
- In the past, this incompatibility has forced AIDS patients with CMV retinitis to choose between taking ganciclovir to try to save their vision or opting to take AZT in the hope of prolonging their lives. (nih.gov)
- Foscarnet was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CMV retinitis. (nih.gov)
- Blood and urine for CMV culture were obtained from 207 patients with newly diagnosed CMV retinitis who were enrolled in a randomized trial comparing foscarnet and ganciclovir. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Jabs, DA & Jacobson, M 1997, ' Cytomegalovirus (CMV) culture results, drug resistance, and clinical outcome in patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis treated with foscarnet or ganciclovir ', Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol. 176, no. 1, pp. 50-58. (johnshopkins.edu)
FOSCAVIR5
- FOSCAVIR is the brand name for foscarnet sodium. (nih.gov)
- Each milliliter of FOSCAVIR contains 24 mg of foscarnet sodium hexahydrate in Water for Injection, USP. (nih.gov)
- Thus, HSV strains resistant to acyclovir or CMV strains resistant to ganciclovir may be sensitive to FOSCAVIR. (nih.gov)
- However, acyclovir or ganciclovir resistant mutants with alterations in the viral DNA polymerase may be resistant to FOSCAVIR and may not respond to therapy with FOSCAVIR. (nih.gov)
- FOSCAVIR is contraindicated in patients with clinically significant hypersensitivity to foscarnet sodium. (druglib.com)
Encephalitis2
- Below is the selection of side effect reports (a.k.a. adverse event reports) related to Foscarnet where reactions include encephalitis cytomegalovirus. (druglib.com)
- New guidelines from Japan recommend foscarnet as the first-line treatment for HHV-6 encephalitis, with ganciclovir as second choice. (hhv-6foundation.org)
Cytomegalovirus1
- Foscarnet is an organic analogue of inorganic pyrophosphate that inhibits replication of herpes viruses in vitro including cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). (druglib.com)
Phosphorylation1
- Foscarnet does not require activation (phosphorylation) by thymidine kinase or other kinases and therefore is active in vitro against HSV TK deficient mutants and CMV UL97 mutants. (druglib.com)
Resistant3
- We present a case of disseminated HSV resistant to both acyclovir and foscarnet, the first double-agent resistant case in pregnancy reported in the literature to date. (thieme-connect.de)
- 2 ] The current treatment recommendation for fulminant HSV hepatitis in pregnancy is intravenous (IV) acyclovir, with the addition of foscarnet for acyclovir-resistant cases. (thieme-connect.de)
- Drug-resistant CMV was found, over comparable follow-up periods on assigned treatment, in 4 of 8 ganciclovir-assigned patients with persistent viremia and 0 of 5 foscarnet-assigned patients with persistent viremia. (johnshopkins.edu)
Intravenous1
- Treatment revolves around intravenous treatment of ganciclovir. (wikipedia.org)
Viral2
- CSF foscarnet concentrati.ons were very near IC50 and were followed by sharp reductions in viral load. (hhv-6foundation.org)
- Anti-viral medications such as ganciclovir or foscarnet are often prescribed. (westvalleyoptometry.com)
Zidovudine1
- The difference in mortality between patients treated with foscarnet and those treated with ganciclovir cannot be fully explained by the differential use of zidovudine (AZT) or other anti-retroviral drugs by patients in these treatment groups. (nih.gov)
Patients7
- In this study, patients taking foscarnet lived an average of 12 months, four months longer than patients taking ganciclovir. (nih.gov)
- Nor could the difference in survival between study patients treated with foscarnet and those who received ganciclovir be explained by variations in disease severity between the two patient groups at the time they entered the study, or to other chance factors. (nih.gov)
- It is possible that improved survival in patients taking foscarnet could be a combined effect of foscarnet and AZT against HIV, as some laboratory studies have suggested, according to Curtis L. Meinert, Ph.D., professor of epidemiology at The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and director of the study's coordinating center. (nih.gov)
- While study patients taking foscarnet generally lived longer than those taking ganciclovir, in a small group of patients who entered the study with decreased kidney function, those taking ganciclovir lived longer. (nih.gov)
- Where medically appropriate, study patients will be offered an opportunity to switch from ganciclovir to foscarnet. (nih.gov)
- Ganciclovir The pharmacokinetics of foscarnet and ganciclovir were not altered in 13 patients receiving either concomitant therapy or daily alternating therapy for maintenance of CMV disease. (druglib.com)
- 14 Supporting the latter hypothesis, observational studies indicate that patients receiving ganciclovir or foscarnet (but not acyclovir) develop KS at a reduced rate. (hiv.gov)
Suppress1
- Foscarnet is less likely to suppress white blood cell production and therefore can be taken concurrently with AZT. (nih.gov)
Drugs1
- AZT generally cannot be taken in full doses concurrently with ganciclovir because both drugs have the side effect of suppressing the production of white blood cells. (nih.gov)
Drug1
- For example, the drug ganciclovir may lower your white blood cell count. (adam.com)
Acyclovir1
- The combination antiviral activity of foscarnet and ganciclovir or acyclovir are not antagonistic in cell culture. (nih.gov)
Valcyte1
- Valcyte can cause seizures, especially in patients with kidney problems and in those taking certain medications such as ganciclovir or foscarnet. (onlinepharmaciescanada.com)
Resistance3
- 7. Resistance to combined ganciclovir and foscarnet therapy in a liver transplant recipient with possible dual-strain cytomegalovirus coinfection. (nih.gov)
- Foscarnet used as alternative therapy if toxicity or resistance to ganciclovir . (sanfordguide.com)
- Foscarnet-MCPN cross-resistance was observed among UL54 polymerase variants. (elsevierpure.com)
Isolates3
- Two such patients (CMV isolates ED50, 9.5-14.5 mumols) were treated with foscarnet, an antiviral pyrophosphate analogue to which both patients' isolates demonstrated in vitro susceptibility (ED50, less than or equal to 300 mumols). (nih.gov)
- Cell culture: CMV and HSV isolates with reduced susceptibility to foscarnet have been selected in cell culture by passage of wild type virus in the presence of increasing concentrations of the drug. (nih.gov)
- All foscarnet resistant isolates are known to be generated through amino acid substitutions in the viral DNA polymerase pUL54 (CMV) or pUL30 (HSV) ( Table 3 ). (nih.gov)
Toxicity5
- Antiviral-resistant CMV, which is more common among thoracic organ recipients than in other types of transplant, can be an indication for introduction of CMVIG, particularly in view of the toxicity associated with other options, such as foscarnet. (uzh.ch)
- Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF): When coadministered with ganciclovir, the risk of hematological and renal toxicity may be increased. (nih.gov)
- Monitor for ganciclovir and MMF toxicity. (nih.gov)
- Other drugs associated with myelosuppression or nephrotoxicity: Due to potential for increased toxicity, such drugs should be considered for concomitant use with ganciclovir only if the potential benefits are judged to outweigh the risks. (nih.gov)
- Monitor for evidence of ganciclovir toxicity. (nih.gov)
Infection5
- 2. Successful treatment with foscarnet for ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report. (nih.gov)
- 8. Outcomes in Transplant Recipients Treated With Foscarnet for Ganciclovir-Resistant or Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infection. (nih.gov)
- 9. Persistent Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection After Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant: Ganciclovir Susceptibility of Human Cytomegalovirus With UL97 D605E Mutation: A Case Report. (nih.gov)
- A randomized, controlled trial comparing ganciclovir to ganciclovir plus foscarnet (each at half dose) for preemptive therapy of cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients. (ucl.ac.uk)
- In the absence of a robust evidence base, it seems reasonable to consider the use of CMVIG to treat CMV in adult or pediatric thoracic transplant patients with ganciclovir-resistant infection, or in serious or complicated cases. (uzh.ch)
Injections1
- Intravitreal injections of ganciclovir (2 mg/injection) or foscarnet (2.4 mg/injection) repeat weekly until lesion inactivity is achieved. (uw.edu)
Susceptibility1
- The quantitative relationship between the cell culture susceptibility of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) or herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) to foscarnet and clinical response to therapy has not been established and virus sensitivity testing has not been standardized. (nih.gov)
Lesions1
- The risk of developing new lesions is lower when antiviral medicines such as ganciclovir or foscarnet are used. (cancer.org)
Didanosine1
- Didanosine: Ganciclovir coadministered with didanosine may increase didanosine levels. (nih.gov)
Kinase1
- Foscarnet does not require activation (phosphorylation) by thymidine kinase or other kinases. (nih.gov)
Medications2
- Ganciclovir is in a class of medications called antivirals. (medlineplus.gov)
- Antiviral medications such as foscarnet or ganciclovir may be prescribed in severe cases. (pharmachoice.com)
INJECTION1
- For injection: 500 mg of ganciclovir as lyophilized powder in a vial for reconstitution. (nih.gov)
Progression1
- P = 0.833), and the median time to first progression was 53 days in the foscarnet-assigned patients compared with 47 days in the ganciclovir-assigned patients (P = 0.997), as determined by a masked reading at a central fundus photograph reading center. (nih.gov)
Transplant3
- Ganciclovir is also used to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in people who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or who have received an organ transplant and are at risk of CMV disease. (medlineplus.gov)
- 11. Foscarnet in the management of cytomegalovirus infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. (nih.gov)
- 15. Early ganciclovir therapy effectively controls viremia and avoids the need for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in renal transplant patients with cytomegalovirus antigenemia. (nih.gov)
Mortality2
- The difference in mortality between patients treated with foscarnet and those treated with ganciclovir cannot be fully explained by the differential use of zidovudine (AZT) or other anti-retroviral drugs by patients in these treatment groups. (nih.gov)
- In October 1991, the treatment protocol was suspended due to a greater mortality in the ganciclovir-assigned group. (nih.gov)
Therapy1
- 4. Ganciclovir and Foscarnet Therapy of Cytomegalovirus-Associated Meningoencephalitis in a Hemodialysis Patient With Liver Transplantation: Case Report. (nih.gov)
Concentrations1
- Foscarnet exerts its antiviral activity by a selective inhibition at the pyrophosphate binding site on virus-specific DNA polymerases at concentrations that do not affect cellular DNA polymerases. (nih.gov)
Dose2
- They increased the ganciclovir dose as of today and if that does not work the plans are to switch to Foscarnet on Monday of next week. (clltopics.org)
- Hopefully, the higher ganciclovir dose will have kicked CMV butt by next week and we don't have to consider Foscarnet. (clltopics.org)
Treatment2
- The manufacturer warns that ganciclovir should only be used for treatment of patients with certain diseases because the medication may cause severe side effects and there is currently not enough information to support safety and effectiveness in other groups of patients. (medlineplus.gov)
- 12. The treatment of AIDS-related cytomegalovirus disease with ganciclovir and foscarnet association. (nih.gov)
Doses1
- AZT generally cannot be taken in full doses concurrently with ganciclovir because both drugs have the side effect of suppressing the production of white blood cells. (nih.gov)
Risks1
- Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking ganciclovir. (medlineplus.gov)
Laboratory2
- Laboratory animals who were given ganciclovir developed birth defects. (medlineplus.gov)
- Laboratory animals who were given ganciclovir developed a lower sperm count (fewer male reproductive cells) and fertility problems. (medlineplus.gov)
Effective1
- If you can become pregnant, you should use effective birth control while taking ganciclovir. (medlineplus.gov)
Drug1
- For example, the drug ganciclovir may lower your white blood cell count. (nih.gov)
Risk2
- It is not known if ganciclovir increases the risk of cancer in humans. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cyclosporine or amphotericin B: When coadministered with ganciclovir, the risk of nephrotoxicity may be increased. (nih.gov)
Lower2
- Ganciclovir may lower the number of all types of cells in your blood, causing serious and life-threatening problems. (medlineplus.gov)
- It is not known if ganciclovir causes lower sperm counts in men or problems with fertility in women. (medlineplus.gov)
Cases1
- Data on monotherapy with CMVIG are limited, but encouraging, for example in cases of ganciclovir intolerance. (uzh.ch)