• GRBs vary on such short timescales (as short as milliseconds) that the size of the emitting region must be very small, or else the time delay due to the finite speed of light would "smear" the emission out in time, wiping out any short-timescale behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prompt γ-ray and early X-ray afterglow emissions in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are characterized by a bursty behavior and are often interspersed with long quiescent times. (northwestern.edu)
  • Surprisingly, GRBs with many γ-ray pulses are very unlikely to be accompanied by X-ray flares after the end of the prompt emission (3.1σ Gaussian confidence). (northwestern.edu)
  • Some recent experiments detecting very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays above 10-20 TeV, independently reported VHE bursts for some bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), although further confirmation is necessary. (aanda.org)
  • If these signals are truly from GRBs, these GRBs must emit a much larger amount of energy as VHE gamma-rays than in the ordinary photon energy range of GRBs (keV-MeV). (aanda.org)
  • Generally, kilonova are visible and infrared light associated with short-period gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) thought to be heat produced by the radioactive decay of heavier elements. (aries.res.in)
  • GRBs are powerful astronomical cosmic bursts of high-energy gamma-ray. (aries.res.in)
  • The prompt emission (initial gamma-ray emission) of GRBs are automatically discovered by space-based gamma-ray missions such as NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, and India's AstroSat. (aries.res.in)
  • Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous events in the known universe. (dissertations.se)
  • Three unusually long-lasting stellar explosions discovered by NASA's Swift satellite represent a new class of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). (cerncourier.com)
  • An artist's impression of two stars of very different size creating gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). (cerncourier.com)
  • GRBs are extremely powerful flashes of gamma rays observed from a random direction on the sky about once a day. (cerncourier.com)
  • While most of the thousands of GRBs observed so far fall into these two categories, there are also peculiar sub-energetic bursts ( CERN Courier September 2004 p13 ) and unrelated gamma-ray events that arise from the tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole ( CERN Courier July/August 2011 p14 ). (cerncourier.com)
  • Because of their huge luninosities and a redshift distribution extending up to more than z = 8, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are in principle very powerful cosmological probes. (icranet.org)
  • Disguised' short GRBs present an occasional softer extended emission after an initial spike-like emission. (icranet.org)
  • For a decade, NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has scanned the sky for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the universe's most luminous explosions. (nasa.gov)
  • GRBs emit gamma rays, the highest-energy form of light. (nasa.gov)
  • Gamma-ray bursts are detected by orbiting satellites about two to three times per week, but the number of GRBs that could be observed from Earth is about three times this and is currently limited by the efficiency of the instruments. (plasma-universe.com)
  • [1] A successful model of GRBs must explain not only the energy source, but also the physical process for generating an emission of gamma rays which matches the durations, light spectra, and other characteristics observed. (plasma-universe.com)
  • TDFs are similar to GRBs in emission energy band and morphology. (plasma-universe.com)
  • Another kind of high-energy transients similar to GRBs is the solar hard X-ray flare. (plasma-universe.com)
  • The primary objective of GBMis to extend the energy range over which gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are observed downward from the energy range of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on Fermi into the hard X-ray range where extensive previous data sets exist. (uah.edu)
  • Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are presumed to be created by the explosive collapse in distant galaxies of massive stars. (berkeley.edu)
  • We can measure all the light emitted - very high energy gamma rays, and, at later times, X-ray, optical and radio afterglow emissions - but that doesn't provide a very good estimate, because GRBs emit in relatively narrow jets. (berkeley.edu)
  • Most days, the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope detects these flashes. (uj.ac.za)
  • The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (FGST) can even detect afterglow light at giga-electron volt energies. (uj.ac.za)
  • One of these telescopes was the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, another the Swift Space Observatory. (uj.ac.za)
  • The scientists from the ARIES, an autonomous institute of DST, used data from the 3.6 m Devasthal Optical Telescope of the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) along with other telescopes, including HST in studying the aftermath of the long GRB (GRB 211211A), detected by the NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope on December 11, 2021. (aries.res.in)
  • Unlike previous events, GW170817 was close enough that within 1.74 seconds of its initial detection by LIGO, it's gamma radiation was detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray space telescope. (universetoday.com)
  • The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, formerly GLAST , was launched on June 11, 2008. (uah.edu)
  • These included NASA's Fermi gamma-ray space telescope and the Major Atmospheric Gamma-Ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) on La Palma, in the Canary Islands, which looked to this portion of the sky and found the known blazar, TXS 0506+056, in a 'flaring' state - a period of intense high-energy emission - at the same time the neutrino was detected at the South Pole. (esa.int)
  • This supported work by US astronomers piecing together missing data in shorter wavelengths (X-ray and gamma ray) using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and data collected from Russian and Chinese teams. (edu.au)
  • First discovered in 1967 by satellites looking for nuclear blasts on Earth, gamma-ray bursts have been the focus of several satellite missions, most recently NASA's Fermi gamma-ray space telescope, launched in 2008, and NASA's Swift satellite, launched in 2004. (berkeley.edu)
  • We can no longer assume that all short-duration bursts come from neutron-star mergers, while long-duration bursts come from supernovae. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Short bursts from neutron star mergers last less than 2 seconds, while long bursts typically continue for a minute or more. (nasa.gov)
  • As a subfield of astroparticle physics, gamma-ray astronomy, investigates many questions rooted in particle physics in an astrophysical context. (cerncourier.com)
  • Professor Tara Murphy , Head of the School of Physics at the University of Sydney and co-author on the Oxford University-led radio astronomy research, said: "One of the fascinating things about gamma ray bursts is, although they are over quite quickly - in just a matter of seconds - they leave afterglow emissions across the light spectrum in surrounding matter that echo for months and years afterwards. (edu.au)
  • Cenko will present these findings on Wednesday, Nov. 3, at the Nov. 1-4 Gamma Ray Bursts 2010 conference in Annapolis, Md. Cenko is a member of an international team that includes astronomers from UC Berkeley and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in New Mexico. (berkeley.edu)
  • There may also be TeV emission in afterglow phase from external shocks, and proton synchrotron in this phase gives a quantitative explanation for the famous long duration GeV emission from GRB 940217. (aanda.org)
  • The spectral energy distribution of GRB afterglow is usually explained in terms of non-thermal emission (due to synchrotron radiation). (aries.res.in)
  • This E-field explains both the ultra relativistic prompt emission phase (UPE) in the gamma-rays through the transparency of the self-accelerating electron-positron pair plasma created by quantum electrodynamic process of vacuum breakdown, and the GeV emission through synchrotron emission of accelerated protons in the B-field. (icranet.org)
  • Two separate analyses using the half-complete IceCube detector, one a dedicated search for neutrinos from pγ interactions in the prompt phase of the gamma-ray burst fireball and the other a generic search for any neutrino emission from these sources over a wide range of energies and emission times, produced no evidence for neutrino emission, excluding prevailing models at 90% confidence. (nyu.edu)
  • The main objective of the proposed topic of the thesis will be related to theoretical studies of spectral and temporal features of gamma-rays and neutrinos produced in small (sub parsec) and large (multi-kpc) scale jets of active galactic nuclei - the potential sites of acceleration of highest energy cosmic rays with spectra extending to 10^20 eV. (icranet.org)
  • Artist's impression of blazar neutrinos and gamma rays reaching Earth. (esa.int)
  • The majority of neutrinos arriving at Earth derive from the Sun, but those that reach us with the highest energies are thought to stem from the same sources as cosmic rays - highly energetic particles originating from exotic sources outside the Solar System. (esa.int)
  • Unlike neutrinos, cosmic rays are charged particles and so their path is bent by magnetic fields, even weak ones. (esa.int)
  • These jets are colossal columns that funnel radiation, photons and particles - including neutrinos and cosmic rays - tens of light years away from the central black hole at speeds very close to the speed of light. (esa.int)
  • They shine in almost all wavelengths (most efficiently in X-rays [3]), have broad lines in their spectra much different than normal stars and are really bright. (aavso.org)
  • The new catalog, which includes 17 short and 169 long bursts, describes 186 events seen by Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) over the last 10 years. (nasa.gov)
  • Fermi's Large Area Telescope, however, is sensitive to very bright bursts with jet breaks within several days of the burst, making follow-up observations easier with Swift's X-ray and ultraviolet-optical telescopes and the ground-based Very Large Array, a radio telescope operated by NRAO. (berkeley.edu)
  • GRB emits more energy in a few seconds than our Sun will emit in its lifetime and has two distinct emission phases: the short-lived prompt emission (the initial burst phase that emits gamma-rays), followed by a long-lived multi-wavelength afterglow phase. (aries.res.in)
  • A new analysis of four extremely bright bursts observed by NASA's Fermi satellite suggests that the remnant from a long-duration gamma-ray burst is most likely a black hole - not a rapidly spinning, highly magnetized neutron star, or magnetar since such a burst emits more energy than is theoretically possible from a magnetar. (berkeley.edu)
  • At the energies involved in a typical GRB, so much energy crammed into such a small space would make the system opaque to photon-photon pair production, making the burst far less luminous and also giving it a very different spectrum from what is observed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gamma-ray bursts ( GRB s) are the most luminous electromagnetic events occurring in the universe. (plasma-universe.com)
  • While tracing a burst of high-energy light detected on December 11, 2021, from the outskirts of the Milky Way located approximately 1 billion light-years away, astronomers have spotted the first astronomical event in which a long GRB has been accompanied by the unexpected discovery of a kilonova emission. (aries.res.in)
  • In brief, astronomers currently believe that GW170817 was triggered by the merger of two neutron stars, which triggered the explosion of a Short Gamma-Ray Burst (SGRB), which emitted only a fraction of the gamma-ray energy in our direction normally associated with SGRBs, because it was the first SGRB observed at such a large angle away from the direction of its focused jets of gamma-rays. (universetoday.com)
  • Astronomers have long believed that gamma-ray bursts fell into two categories: long-duration bursts from imploding stars and short-duration bursts from merging compact stellar objects," said Chris Fryer, an astrophysicist and Laboratory Fellow at the U. S. Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory . (scitechdaily.com)
  • Because the distance to this atypical GRB was unknown, astronomers thought that this so-called "Christmas burst" could be of a radically different nature. (cerncourier.com)
  • Astronomers can distinguish the two GRB classes by the duration of their lower-energy gamma rays. (nasa.gov)
  • Australian astronomers have provided vital information in the global effort to understand the brightest-ever detected gamma ray burst, which swept through our Solar System on 9 October last year. (edu.au)
  • PhD student James Leung from the University of Sydney said: "The exceptional brightness of this gamma-ray burst meant astronomers were able to study it in unprecedented detail in real-time as the light arrived from that distant galaxy. (edu.au)
  • This detective work will help astronomers quickly pinpoint future gamma ray bursts, perhaps assisting in the discovery of predicted supernovae associated with the events. (edu.au)
  • While Swift has observed hundreds of bursts in the past five years and notified astronomers within seconds of detection, the instruments aboard the satellite detect mostly medium-sized bursts that are not as highly collimated and that have a jet break many days or weeks after the burst. (berkeley.edu)
  • Fermi detects few extremely bright bursts, however - only four in 2009, Cenko said - and does not notify astronomers for nearly a day afterward. (berkeley.edu)
  • The plasma universe model of GMBs (Gamma ray bursts) is that of a large-voltage, high-temperature plasma pinch discharge mechanism, based on the observation of Alfven that many of the explosive events observed in cosmic physics are produced by disruptive discharges of electric double layers in current cables. (plasma-universe.com)
  • The workshop on "Hadron-Hadron and Cosmic-Ray Interactions at multi-TeV Energies" held at the ECT* centre (Trento) in Nov.-Dec. 2010 gathered together both theorists and experimentalists to discuss issues of the physics of high-energy hadronic interactions of common interest for the par- ticle, nuclear and cosmic-ray communities. (lu.se)
  • It has been known for many years that ejection of matter at relativistic velocities (velocities very close to the speed of light) is a necessary requirement for producing the emission in a gamma-ray burst. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, if the emitting system is moving towards Earth at relativistic velocities, the burst is compressed in time (as seen by an Earth observer, due to the relativistic Doppler effect) and the emitting region inferred from the finite speed of light becomes much smaller than the true size of the GRB (see relativistic beaming). (wikipedia.org)
  • As neutron stars collide, some of the debris blasts away in particle jets moving at nearly the speed of light, producing a brief burst of gamma rays. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In contrast to the GRB emission, the afterglow emission is not believed to be dominated by internal shocks. (wikipedia.org)
  • We present multiwavelength observations of the gamma-ray burst GRB 051028 detected by HETE-2 in order to derive its afterglow emission parameters and to determine the reason for its optical faintness when compared to other events. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • Fermi's other instrument, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), sees the entire sky that isn't blocked by Earth and detects lower-energy emission. (nasa.gov)
  • Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) detects small changes in bone mass by comparing the patient's bone density to that of healthy adults (T score) and to age-matched adults (Z score). (medscape.com)
  • If a GRB progenitor, such as a Wolf-Rayet star, were to explode within a stellar cluster, the resulting shock wave could generate gamma-rays by scattering photons from neighboring stars. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the relativistic matter ejected from an explosion slows and interacts with ultraviolet-wavelength photons, some photons gain energy, generating gamma-rays. (wikipedia.org)
  • Green dots show the locations of 186 gamma-ray bursts observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on NASA's Fermi satellite during its first decade. (nasa.gov)
  • alpha -\beta )E_{0}{\mbox{ }}\end{cases}}} A few gamma-ray bursts have shown evidence for an additional, delayed emission component at very high energies (GeV and higher). (wikipedia.org)
  • Background: Constructed from nine years of LAT data, this map shows how the gamma-ray sky appears at energies above 10 billion electron volts. (nasa.gov)
  • The LAT sees about one-fifth of the sky at any time and records gamma rays with energies above 30 million electron volts (MeV) - millions of times the energy of visible light. (nasa.gov)
  • It also holds the record for the most gamma rays - 17 - with energies above 10 billion electron volts. (nasa.gov)
  • While that's a bit of an exaggeration, GRB 221009A was likely the brightest burst at X-ray and gamma-ray energies to occur since human civilisation began," said Assistant Professor Eric Burns at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge and co‑author of The Astrophysical Journal Letters study. (edu.au)
  • IceCube has become the first neutrino telescope with a sensitivity below the TeV neutrino flux predicted from gamma-ray bursts if gamma-ray bursts are responsible for the observed cosmic-ray flux above 1018eV. (nyu.edu)
  • The study of gamma rays can provide information about production mechanisms and cosmic-ray acceleration. (dissertations.se)
  • The latest cosmic-ray results from various ground-based obser- vatories were also presented with an emphasis on the phenomenological modeling of the first hadronic interactions of the extended air-showers generated in the Earth atmosphere. (lu.se)
  • The collision of two thin shells flash-heats the matter, converting enormous amounts of kinetic energy into the random motion of particles, greatly amplifying the energy release due to all emission mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • They have also studied how these particles generate gamma rays and other emissions. (berkeley.edu)
  • The candidate particles, ranging from protons to nuclei as massive as iron, generate "extensive air-showers" (EAS) in interactions with air nuclei when en- tering the Earth's atmosphere. (lu.se)
  • A dying star emits intense flashes of light called a gamma-ray burst. (uj.ac.za)
  • Intense flashes of light called gamma-ray bursts result from these hot plasma jets. (uj.ac.za)
  • They are flashes of gamma rays emanating from seemingly random places in deep space at random times. (plasma-universe.com)
  • A very similar phenomenon to gamma ray bursters that adds further credence for the electrical pinch discharge model of GRB's are Intense gamma-ray flashes , which have been observed by BATSE/CGRO and shown to be of atmospheric origin, and are often called TDFs. (plasma-universe.com)
  • GBM also triggers on solar flares, Terrestrial Gamma Flashes (TGFs) and Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs), allowing detailed studies of these sources. (uah.edu)
  • Second, such a burst starts with a 'bang' of very bright gamma-ray emission that pulses brighter and dimmer before it fades away. (uj.ac.za)
  • On December 11, 2021, several observatories and satellites recorded a very bright, 50-second gamma-ray burst and optical, infrared, and x-ray emissions associated with the burst. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The burst is seen as a bright dot denoted by a square on the left, with an enlarged cutout on the right. (plasma-universe.com)
  • A secondary objective is to compute GRB locations on-board to allow re-orienting the spacecraft so that the LAT can observe delayed emission from bright bursts. (uah.edu)
  • A specific feature of blazars is that one of these jets happens to point towards Earth, making its emission appear exceptionally bright. (esa.int)
  • The burst was so bright it blinded most gamma-ray instruments in space, which meant they could not measure the real intensity of the emission. (edu.au)
  • And while the energy from this gamma ray burst was not unusually large, the jets of energy were exceptionally narrow with one pointed directly at Earth, making it appear exceptionally bright. (edu.au)
  • If the energy from these bright bursts were emitted in all directions, it would be equivalent to the mass of the sun being converted instantaneously into pure energy. (berkeley.edu)
  • However, in this event, both thermal and non-thermal emissions were included in the spectral energy distribution of the afterglow, modeled using the magnificent and dim observations of the 3.6 m Devasthal Optical Telescope. (aries.res.in)
  • Soon after the initial observations of the merger site, the Earth's annual trip around the Sun placed the object too close to the Sun in the sky for X-ray and visible-light telescopes to observe. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Observations of gamma-rays have been made from celestial sources such as active galaxies, gamma-ray bursts and supernova remnants as well as the Galactic ridge. (dissertations.se)
  • Their observations showed a rapid, early brightening from the source of the event caused by the reverse shock of the gamma ray burst. (edu.au)
  • Mr Leung said: "Our observations provide unmatched insights into the reverse shock model for gamma-ray burst emission, showing it is very difficult for existing models to replicate the slow evolution of the energy peaks that we observed. (edu.au)
  • Observations were taken in the optical (2.0m Himalayan Chandra Telescope, 1.34m Tautenburg, 4.2m William Herschel Telescope) and in X-rays (Swift/XRT) between 2.7h and ∼10days after the onset of the event. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • If one of the jets were pointed directly toward Earth, we would have seen a short-duration gamma-ray burst, like many seen before, the scientists said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 7] This has led to a whole host of discoveries, the most interesting possibly being that the gamma ray jets seem to be more tightly bound than the radio jets. (aavso.org)
  • The gamma rays are produced in collisions of fast-moving material inside the jets and when the jets interact with the environment around the star. (nasa.gov)
  • The animation below illustrates the formation of a long GRB and its gamma-ray jets. (nasa.gov)
  • Typically, the gamma-ray burst itself lasts from a few seconds to as long as 100 seconds, but the afterglow, produced when the jets interact with gas and dust surrounding the star, emits visible light for a couple of weeks and radio radiation for several months. (berkeley.edu)
  • Modeling calls into question supernova origin, forcing a reconsideration of the prevailing view of gamma-ray-burst events. (scitechdaily.com)
  • A recently observed gamma-ray burst looked like the emissions from a supernova but turned out to signal a previously undetected hybrid event involving a kilonova. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Truly exceptional is that all phases of the BdHN starting from the onset of the SN break-out, to the accretion process, to the moment of formation of the Black Hole, to the observation of the GeV emission and afterglow to the final identification of the optical Supernova have become observable with enormous precision in this most unique source. (icranet.org)
  • Gamma-ray burst emission mechanisms are theories that explain how the energy from a gamma-ray burst progenitor (regardless of the actual nature of the progenitor) is turned into radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The electrons' light is called the afterglow radiation from the gamma-ray burst. (uj.ac.za)
  • Scientists routinely detect afterglow radiation at radio, optical, X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths. (uj.ac.za)
  • The radiation ranged from radio frequencies up to very high energy gamma-rays. (uj.ac.za)
  • The means by which gamma-ray bursts convert energy into radiation remains poorly understood, and as of 2007 there is still no generally accepted model for how this process occurs. (plasma-universe.com)
  • However, the physical mechanism that leads to the complex temporal distribution of γ-ray pulses and X-ray flares is not understood. (northwestern.edu)
  • Once it disappears, it leaves behind a counterpart at longer wavelengths (X-ray, UV, optical, infrared, and radio) known as the afterglow that generally remains detectable for days or longer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The duration of a gamma-ray burst is typically a few seconds, but can range from a few milliseconds to several minutes, and the initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived "afterglow" emitting at longer wavelengths ( X-ray , ultraviolet , optical , infrared , and radio ). (plasma-universe.com)
  • University of Sydney scientists provided follow-up observation of the gamma ray burst using the CSIRO ASKAP telescope in Western Australia, detecting the effects of the dramatic emission of energy at longer radio wavelengths. (edu.au)
  • For the first 10 days after the burst, many telescopes on Earth could detect the afterglow also. (uj.ac.za)
  • The data can be interpreted by collimated emission in a jet with a typical value of p=2.4 which is moving in a homogeneous interstellar medium and with a cooling frequency ν c still above the X-rays at 0.5days after the burst onset. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • Co-author and Sydney PhD student James Leung said: "This afterglow is produced by a forward shock from the material ejected by the gamma-ray burst and a reverse shock reflected backwards into the ejected material. (edu.au)
  • When telescopes on satellites observe an area of the night sky, they use two ways to recognise the bursts coming from dying stars. (uj.ac.za)
  • There is compelling evidence that X-ray flares are linked to prompt γ-rays. (northwestern.edu)
  • Prompt γ-rays and late X-ray flares are nothing but different fragments being accreted at the beginning and at the end, respectively, following the very same stochastic process and likely the same mechanism. (northwestern.edu)
  • The brightest gamma-ray burst ever detected appears to have produced an emission that is difficult to explain. (cerncourier.com)
  • At the time of its detection last year, the gamma ray burst GRB 221009A was dubbed as BOAT - the brightest of all time. (edu.au)
  • only a small subset of supernovae arise from the explosion mechanism that produces gamma-ray bursts. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The huge power of gamma-rays is possibly due to an extraction of the BH rotational energy (the Blandford- Znajek mechanism). (scholarpedia.org)
  • This model would explain the fact that the radio and X-ray emission were seen only some time after the collision. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Under this paradigm, merging compact objects, with their halos of gravitationally attracted material (accretion disks), would produce short-duration gamma-ray bursts. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This detection breaks our standard idea of gamma-ray bursts," said Eve Chase, also a coauthor of the paper, a postdoc at Los Alamos and a member of the Los Alamos team. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This detection pushes our understanding of gamma-ray bursts to the limits. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The non-detection of the host galaxy down to R=25.1 is also consistent with the burst arising at high redshift, compatible with the published pseudo-z of 3.7±1.8. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • Brighter colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources. (nasa.gov)
  • Together they showed the burst was 70 times brighter than any seen before. (edu.au)
  • Fryer and his Ph.D. advisor Stan Woosley coined and developed in 1999 the widely accepted black-hole accretion-disk paradigm as the simplest explanation for the two classes of gamma-ray-burst events. (scitechdaily.com)
  • For example, in bursts as long as 100 seconds, the majority of the energy can be released in short episodes less than 1 second long. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 20 years ago, scientists predicted that a gargantuan energy level - tera-electron volts - would be detected in burst afterglow. (uj.ac.za)
  • An earlier event, GRB 101225A, exploded on Christmas Day 2010 and produced high-energy emission lasting at least two hours. (cerncourier.com)
  • IceCube's measurements take researchers a step closer to understanding the origin of high-energy cosmic rays. (cerncourier.com)
  • GRB 130427A set the record for the highest-energy individual gamma ray detected by the LAT instrument. (nasa.gov)
  • Before the burst the energy is supposed to be stored in an electric circuit with current I and inductance L as inductive energy W = LI 2 /2. (plasma-universe.com)
  • Finally, after about 15 days, the optical emission of the SN produced by the energy release of the decay of Nickel, is observed. (icranet.org)
  • GRB 190114C with T90=116 s (50-300 keV), Epeak = 998.6 +/- 11.9 keV, isotropic energy release in gamma-rays Eiso = 3 E53 erg, and the isotropic peak luminosity Liso = 1 E53 erg/s (R. Hamburg et al. (icranet.org)
  • Scientists believe gamma ray bursts - the biggest known explosions in the Universe - are the death throes of enormous stars as they collapse into black holes, emitting enormous amounts of energy in opposite directions as gamma rays and X-rays. (edu.au)
  • We suggest that the bumps could be explained by multiple energy injection episodes and that the burst is intrinsically faint when compared to the average afterglows detected since 1997. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • A gamma-ray burst is an immensely powerful blast of high-energy light thought to be generated by a collapsing star in a distant galaxy, but what this collapse leaves behind has been a matter of debate. (berkeley.edu)
  • The energy from one a single long-duration burst is enough to supply the entire world's electrical energy needs for approximately a hundred million billion billion years. (berkeley.edu)
  • Once alerted, however, Cenko's team was able to observe the optical, X-ray and radio afterglow of these four events, find the jet break and use this information, along with the star's distance calculated from its redshift, to estimate the total energy output. (berkeley.edu)
  • [ 12 ] and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). (medscape.com)
  • One key to solving this question is the determination of the elemental compo- sition of cosmic rays in this energy range. (lu.se)
  • Common methods include conventional radiography, quantitative CT (QCT), single-photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA), quantitative ultrasonography (QUS), and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). (medscape.com)
  • In fact, about a minute after the gamma-ray bursts' light got to Earth, the MAGIC telescope on the Canary Islands found what researchers had hoped for. (uj.ac.za)
  • The sources of Gamma Ray Bursts are optically thick and contain electron-positron plasma which plays important dynamical role providing self accelerated expansion of plasma. (icranet.org)
  • The first evidence of the need for a new class of GRB came from the analysis of GRB 111209A, which erupted on 9 December 2011 and remained active for 7 hours as observed by NASA's Swift spacecraft and several other gamma-ray, X-ray and optical instruments. (cerncourier.com)
  • But in a recently observed event, we've found a kilonova along with a long-duration gamma-ray burst, and that has thrown a wrench into this simple picture. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Instead, the evidence pointed to a compact-object merger in a theorized but previously unobserved hybrid event that produces a kilonova but emits a long-duration gamma-ray burst. (scitechdaily.com)
  • These various forms of observable electromagnetic emission are all known as transients. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Among XRBs, the soft X-ray transients (with BH or NS) show quasi-periodic outbursts. (scholarpedia.org)
  • The detailed study, led by Bruce Gendre while at the Italian Space Agency's Science Data Centre, shows that the burst is a genuine GRB at a redshift of z = 0.677 but with an outstanding long duration and a high total flux. (cerncourier.com)
  • an intrinsically faint gamma-ray burst at high redshift? (u-strasbg.fr)
  • We also notice the very striking similarity with the optical lightcurve of GRB 050730, a burst with a spectroscopic redshift of 3.967, although GRB 051028 is ∼3mag fainter. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • According to the theory of collapsars, a massive star collapses as its gas envelope forms a rotationally supported disk, often leading to the production of a relativistic jet that we observe as a gamma-ray burst. (berkeley.edu)
  • The interaction of the νNS pulsar emission with the SN ejecta explains the X-ray afterglow. (icranet.org)
  • The radio telescopes showed the radio emission steadily gaining strength. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As we watched the radio emission strengthening, we realized that the explanation required a different model," said Alessandra Corsi, of Texas Tech University. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It was a thirteenth magnitude star in Virgo with strong radio emission, 3C-273, for which they could not understand. (aavso.org)
  • First, if the bursts last relatively long, from a few seconds to a few minutes, then they are called long-duration bursts. (uj.ac.za)
  • This long burst was relatively nearby-about a billion light-years away in a different galaxy than the Milky Way -but its emission characteristics did not fit the profile of long-burst events. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Although the long-duration burst challenges the accepted understanding of compact-binary-merger models, Fryer said, a merger nonetheless explains all the other observed features of GRB211211A. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Levan and colleagues link it with the similar GRB 111209A and another recent burst, GRB 121027A, all of extremely long duration. (cerncourier.com)
  • The two leading candidates for powering these long-duration bursts are a magnetar and a black hole, sometimes referred to as a collapsar. (berkeley.edu)
  • This revealed evidence in radio waves that is difficult to explain within current theoretical explanations of gamma ray bursts. (edu.au)
  • Most TeV gamma-rays are absorbed in intergalactic space by interactions with the infrared and microwave background radiations, and finally form gamma-ray background in GeV range. (aanda.org)
  • If the radio waves and X-rays both are coming from an expanding cocoon, we realized that our radio measurements meant that, when NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory could observe once again, it would find the X-rays, like the radio waves, had increased in strength," Corsi said. (sciencedaily.com)