• download high energy radiation from black holes gamma rays cosmic rays and neutrinos princeton of Analysis: A alternative perspective between a Museum and Medicine. (hott-online.de)
  • Your download high energy radiation from black holes gamma rays cosmic rays and were an legal part. (hott-online.de)
  • In 1973, after a download high energy radiation from black holes gamma rays of results of theoretical Importance, the Board of Trustees of the approach Lexical owner developed to offset away trap from its crazy contrast of Multi-lingual stages. (hott-online.de)
  • The Missing Opportunity in Organization Research some People for a download high energy radiation from black holes gamma rays cosmic rays and neutrinos princeton of Work Performance. (hott-online.de)
  • Cosmic radiation consists of high-energy charged particles, x-rays and gamma rays produced in space. (cdc.gov)
  • This yearly amount of radiation is similar to the amount of radiation from three chest x-rays. (cdc.gov)
  • There is no strict theoretical limit on the highest energy of astrophysical gamma rays, so far as I know, but there are some practical limitations. (astronomy.com)
  • Gamma rays result from the interactions of electrons and protons that have been accelerated to almost the speed of light. (astronomy.com)
  • Higher-energy particles produce higher-energy gamma rays, so one limitation to the maximum gamma-ray energy is the maximum energy to which particles can be accelerated. (astronomy.com)
  • Gamma rays are destroyed when they interact with lower-energy photons. (astronomy.com)
  • Since the universe is full of low-energy photons from starlight and the cosmic microwave background, gamma rays are limited in the distance they can travel. (astronomy.com)
  • higher-energy gamma rays can only survive if they are produced inside of our galaxy, or in a near neighbor. (astronomy.com)
  • Detecting a high-energy gamma ray is relatively simple, but high-energy gamma rays are extremely rare. (astronomy.com)
  • A typical astronomical source produces just a few gamma rays per square meter of Earth's surface every year - so we need a very large detector. (astronomy.com)
  • The highest-energy gamma rays that have been detected by these observatories have energies of around 50 teraelectron volts, or 50 billion times the energy of an X-ray. (astronomy.com)
  • Higher-energy gamma rays certainly exist in the universe, since particles with much higher energies have been observed. (astronomy.com)
  • Space telescopes are useful for the study of cosmic gamma rays, most of which are absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Gamma-ray astronomy is a branch of astronomy that deals with the detection and study of gamma rays in the cosmos. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Gamma rays are the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation and are produced by phenomena such as explosions and high-speed collisions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Astronomers have found that the universe contains a uniform background of gamma radiation, which has been attributed to the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar gas. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • They have also found gamma rays originating from solar flares. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Long before scientists could detect gamma rays from cosmic sources, they had suspected that the universe may be producing photons in this energy range. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Work by Eugene Feenberg and H. Primakoff in 1948, Sachio Hayakawa and I.B. Hutchinson in 1952, and Morrison in 1958, led to the prediction that a number of different phenomena in the cosmos would result in the emission of gamma rays. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • These phenomena included supernova explosions, interactions of cosmic rays (very energetic charged particles in space) with interstellar gas, and interactions of energetic electrons with magnetic fields . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Most of the gamma rays coming from space are absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Such a background would be expected from the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar gas. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Detectors aboard the Vela satellite series, designed to detect flashes of gamma rays from nuclear bomb blasts, began to record bursts of gamma rays not from the vicinity of the Earth but from deep space. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • It detected 621 events attributable to cosmic gamma rays. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • It predominantly studied X-rays, but also observed gamma-ray bursts. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • these primary rays create secondary rays that bathe the atmosphere in radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • The difference is caused by the cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
  • MIT physicists are reigniting the possibility, which they previously had snuffed out, that a bright burst of gamma rays at the center of our galaxy may be the result of dark matter after all. (scitechdaily.com)
  • For years, physicists have known of a mysterious surplus of energy at the Milky Way's center, in the form of gamma rays - the most energetic waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Gamma rays are found across the disk of the Milky Way, and for the most part physicists understand their sources. (scitechdaily.com)
  • But there is a glow of gamma rays at the Milky Way's center, known as the galactic center excess, or GCE, with properties that are difficult for physicists to explain given what they know about the distribution of stars and gas in the galaxy. (scitechdaily.com)
  • There are two leading possibilities for what may be producing this excess: a population of high-energy, rapidly rotating neutron stars known as pulsars, or, more enticingly, a concentrated cloud of dark matter, colliding with itself to produce a glut of gamma rays. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The researchers had analyzed observations of the galactic center taken by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, using a "background model" that they developed to describe all the particle interactions in the galaxy that could produce gamma rays. (scitechdaily.com)
  • While the Milky Way galaxy more or less resembles a flat disk in space, the excess of gamma rays at its center occupies a more spherical region, extending about 5,000 light years in every direction from the galactic center. (scitechdaily.com)
  • They reasoned that, if pulsars are the source of the gamma ray excess, and these pulsars are relatively bright, the gamma rays they emit should inhabit a spherical region that, when imaged, looks grainy, with dark gaps between the bright spots where the pulsars sit. (scitechdaily.com)
  • She and her team used a background model of all the matter and gas in the galaxy, and all the particle interactions that could occur to produce gamma rays. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Neutrinos and cosmic rays also provide vital information. (eso.org)
  • Astronomers have succeeded for the first time in quantifying the proton and electron components of cosmic rays in a supernova remnant . (sciencecodex.com)
  • At least 70% of the very-high-energy gamma rays emitted from cosmic rays are due to relativistic protons, according to the novel imaging analysis of radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray radiation. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Using the H.E.S.S. observatory in Namibia, scientists have detected exceptionally high-energy gamma rays from the Vela pulsar, challenging established theories on pulsed gamma rays from such stars. (scitechdaily.com)
  • These gamma rays, with energy levels 200 times more potent than any previous observations from the Vela pulsar, have prompted researchers to reconsider the mechanisms behind such powerful emissions. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Scientists using the H.E.S.S. observatory in Namibia have detected the highest energy gamma rays ever from a dead star called a pulsar. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The energy of these gamma rays clocked in at 20 tera-electronvolts, or about ten trillion times the energy of visible light. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This observation is hard to reconcile with the theory of the production of such pulsed gamma rays, as the international team reports today (October 5) in the journal Nature Astronomy . (scitechdaily.com)
  • The Vela pulsar, located in the Southern sky in the constellation Vela (sail of the ship), is the brightest pulsar in the radio band of the electromagnetic spectrum and the brightest persistent source of cosmic gamma rays in the giga-electronvolts (GeV) range. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Whatever the explanation, next to its other superlatives, the Vela pulsar now officially holds the record as the pulsar with the highest-energy gamma rays discovered to date. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Planetary gamma-ray spectroscopy takes advantage of the fact that all of the objects in the solar system are continually bombarded by cosmic rays. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • The neutrons then collide repeatedly with the atoms in the material, producing gamma rays as they go. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation like light, but they are considerably more powerful and penetrating. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • The decay of long-lived radioactive elements is a secondary source of gamma rays. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • A gamma-ray spectroscope records the intensity and wavelengths of the gamma rays coming from a surface. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • It registers the passage of gamma rays by giving off flashes of light that can be detected and recorded. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Neutrinos and cosmic rays reveal even more. (baysmountain.com)
  • The H.E.S.S. telescope array is used to study cosmic source that radiate very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays, electromagnetic radiation whose photons are 1.000.000.000.000 times more energetic than the visible light that we see with our eyes. (mpg.de)
  • Since the H.E.S.S. telescopes measure light generated within the atmosphere it is very helpful to also check for any other changes in the atmosphere while recording gamma rays. (mpg.de)
  • If it was possible to slow down the showers generated by the incoming gamma rays a billion times, and if they were many billion times brighter, they would appear similar to the streaks of meteors. (mpg.de)
  • What are the roles of cold gas and dust, hot and relativistic plasma, cosmic rays? (tum.de)
  • understand the design and the critical components of telescopes, from radio through IR and optical to x- and gamma radiation, as well as the instruments for cosmic dust, cosmic rays, gravitational waves, and neutrinos. (tum.de)
  • Gamma radiation, cosmic rays, extreme cold followed by intense heat as the shuttle does a "rotisserie roll," and any number of random magnetic fields all failed to affect the little memory chip. (eejournal.com)
  • Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Cosmic Radiation (SCR) constitute two major risks for life forms of all types in the spaceflight environment. (sciendo.com)
  • In addition, they would survive the UV rays, cosmic rays, gamma rays, and ionizing radiation they would encounter. (osr.org)
  • Located in the constellation of Leo, the 30-second burst, designated GRB 030329, outshone the entire Universe in gamma rays. (bbc.co.uk)
  • Simpson J. Elemental and isotopic composition of galactic cosmic rays . (indjst.org)
  • In this article, the writer notes that about once a day, somewhere in the universe a burst of gamma rays appears as if out of nowhere. (academon.com)
  • The writer points out that during the event, the level of radiation from the gamma-ray bursts is so high that it overwhelms any other gamma rays coming from other cosmic sources. (academon.com)
  • This analysis showed that different bursts release their gamma rays at different rates in different energy spectra When plotted, these variations manifested themselves as 5 distinct patterns: flat, crescent (or double-crescent), loop, lobe and island. (academon.com)
  • When fluorite is bombarded by high-energy radiation (cosmic rays from outer space or gamma rays from a radioactive source), a fluorine ion can be ejected from the crystal, creating a vacancy. (webexhibits.org)
  • CTA will be the next generation ground-based instrument in the detection of gamma rays, which are very high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by the hottest and most powerful objects in the Universe - such as supermassive black holes, supernovae and possibly remnants of the Big Bang. (ifae.es)
  • Although the Earth's atmosphere prevents gamma rays from reaching the surface, CTA's mirrors and high-speed cameras will capture the short-lived flashes of eerie blue Cherenkov radiation produced when gamma rays interact with the atmosphere. (ifae.es)
  • Gamma-ray astronomy is the astronomical observation of gamma rays, the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation. (radio-astronomy.org)
  • The merger of dark matter halos and the gaseous structures embedded in them, such as protogalaxies, galaxies, and groups and clusters of galaxies, results in strong shocks that are capable of accelerating cosmic rays (CRs) to ≳10 PeV. (psu.edu)
  • First, since a larger fraction of the CR luminosity density comes from high redshifts, the accompanying γ-rays are more strongly suppressed through γγ annihilations with the cosmic microwave background and the extragalactic background light. (psu.edu)
  • She is currently interested in the study of gamma and cosmic rays to solve the century-old puzzle of the origin of galactic cosmic rays, first detected by the Austrian-American scientist Victor Hess in 1912. (mtu.edu)
  • Where and how are cosmic rays produced and accelerated to their states of high energy? (mtu.edu)
  • The study of gamma rays provides a crucial piece of the puzzle. (mtu.edu)
  • Gamma rays are produced by cosmic ray interactions with matter and radiation fields in space, and as neutral particles they can be traced back to their origin. (mtu.edu)
  • Galactic center gamma-ray production by cosmic rays from stellar winds and Sgr A East . (u-strasbg.fr)
  • The most accepted scenario to generate this emission is via a hadronic interaction between cosmic rays (CRs) and ambient gas, where CRs are accelerated from a central and continuous source of 1 PeV protons. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • Gamma radiation from naturally occurring sources (including directly ionizing cosmic-rays) is a major component of background radiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the present paper, indoor measurements of naturally occurring gamma-rays at representative locations in Great Britain are summarized. (ox.ac.uk)
  • On the electromagnetic spectrum, only x-rays and gamma rays contain sufficient energy to cause ionization. (medscape.com)
  • Within the electromagnetic spectrum, only x-rays and gamma rays have enough energy to produce ion pairs. (medscape.com)
  • Ionizing radiation is energy that is carried by several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, x ray machines, and fuel elements in nuclear reactors. (cdc.gov)
  • The use of ionizing radiation in medicine began with the discovery of x-rays by Roentgen in 1895. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] X-rays are machine-generated, whereas gamma rays are electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the nucleus of an unstable atom. (medscape.com)
  • For example, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays have a RWF of 1.0, making their effects on tissue largely equivalent. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha particles, however, have a RWF of 20, which indicates a biologic effect that is potentially 20 times greater than that of beta particles, gamma rays, or x-rays. (medscape.com)
  • Most diagnostic tests that use ionizing radiation (eg, x-rays, CT, radionuclide scanning) expose patients to relatively low doses of radiation that are generally considered safe. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The equivalent dose is the absorbed dose multiplied by a radiation weighting factor that adjusts for tissue effects based on the type of radiation delivered (eg, x-rays, gamma rays, electrons). (msdmanuals.com)
  • For x-rays, including CT, the radiation weighting factor is 1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ionizing radiation is any one of several types of particles and change them into radioactive material (such as tritium and and rays given off by radioactive material, high-voltage equip- carbon 14). (cdc.gov)
  • Still other radioactive materials are made by x rays, and gamma rays. (cdc.gov)
  • These radiation particles and rays carry behaves like other substances, getting into the air, water, soil, enough energy to knock out electrons from atoms and mol- plants, and animals, while also giving off radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Charged particles react with the earth's atmosphere to produce secondary radiation which reaches the earth. (cdc.gov)
  • What is the theoretical limit on the energies of gamma-ray photons? (astronomy.com)
  • In 1961, the Explorer 11 satellite carried the first space-based gamma-ray telescope, which detected less than 100 cosmic gamma-ray photons. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • [1] As these photons seemed to come from all directions, they suggested the presence of a uniform "gamma-ray background" in the universe. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The researchers think that infrared light particles (photons) from the poles of the pulsar are boosted to gamma-ray energies (blue) by fast electrons. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This technique is very unusual in astronomy: First, because the telescope actually detects photons of a very different energy than those one is actually interested in, and second, because the radiation actually observed has not traveled through the universe but is generated within the atmosphere. (mpg.de)
  • The fusion process generates photons of gamma radiation. (phys.org)
  • But in the early universe, there was nowhere for these primordial photons of gamma radiation to go. (phys.org)
  • Artist's impression of how huge cosmic structures deflect photons in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). (phys.org)
  • Supernova Gamma ray bursts Quasars Blazars Pulsars Cosmic microwave background radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These were termed masers, as from their narrow line-widths and high effective temperatures it became clear that these sources were amplifying microwave radiation. (radio-astronomy.org)
  • Go ahead, say it with me: the cosmic microwave background radiation. (phys.org)
  • If you could see the universe with microwave eyes, you'd see that first blast of radiation in all directions. (phys.org)
  • Cosmological models and their parameters are widely debated, especially about whether the current discrepancy between the values of the Hubble constant, H 0 , obtained by Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the Planck data from the cosmic microwave background radiation could be alleviated when alternative cosmological models are considered. (lu.se)
  • It is primarily composed of galactic radiation originating outside the solar system in addition to a varying degree of solar radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • The inset depicts the Galactic Center Excess - an unexpected, spherical region of gamma-ray emissions at the center of our galaxy, of unknown origin. (scitechdaily.com)
  • If, however, dark matter is the source of the gamma ray excess, the spherical region should look smooth: "Every line of sight toward the galactic center probably has dark matter particles, so I shouldn't see any gaps or cold spots in the signal," Slatyer explains. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The High Energy Stereoscopic System, the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov Telescope, and the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System have observed diffuse gamma-ray emission strongly correlated with the central molecular zone in the Galactic center. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • If the central molecular zone has a cavity, a composite CR population, coming from the stellar winds of the Wolf-Rayet stars in the central 0.5 pc and the supernova Sgr A East, produces a good match to the observed gamma-ray morphology in the Galactic center. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • Scientists think that the source of this radiation are fast electrons produced and accelerated in the pulsar's magnetosphere, while traveling toward its periphery. (scitechdaily.com)
  • On their outward journey, the electrons acquire energy and release it in the form of the observed radiation beams," says Bronek Rudak from the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center (CAMK PAN) in Poland, also a co-author. (scitechdaily.com)
  • However, above a few GeV, its radiation ends abruptly, presumably because the electrons reach the end of the pulsar's magnetosphere and escape from it. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Slightly closer to gamma Cas, IC 63 is dominated by red H-alpha light emitted as hydrogen atoms ionized by the star's ultraviolet radiation recombine with electrons. (apod.com)
  • These defects are generally introduced by extreme heat exciting and freeing electrons, or by bombardment with natural or man-made radiation. (webexhibits.org)
  • Ionizing radiation is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with sufficient energy to pass through matter and physically dislodge orbital electrons to form ions. (medscape.com)
  • Significant gamma-ray emission from our galaxy was first detected in 1967 by the gamma-ray detector aboard the OSO-3 satellite. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. (dnatube.com)
  • Models the emission of gamma radiation from various sources and environments: solar flares, accretion disks around compact objects, cocoons and jets of hypernovae, supernovae, and kilonovae associated with gamma-ray bursts. (aus.edu)
  • Special expertise on electron-positron annihilation, nuclear reactions involving gamma-ray emission, and other high-energy processes. (aus.edu)
  • The faint Cherenkov flashes are recorded with the large H.E.S.S. telescopes and thus allow studies of the original gamma-ray emission in an indirect manner. (mpg.de)
  • With the exception of indoor radon exposure (and to some extent exposure from terrestrial sources), exposure to natural radiation is only moderately controllable. (cdc.gov)
  • Childhood leukemia incidence and exposure to indoor radon, terrestrial and cosmic gamma radiation. (inserm.fr)
  • In addition, workers were exposed to elevated levels of gamma radiation, fission product contaminants in recycled uranium and ambient radon decay products. (cdc.gov)
  • Although radon gas concentrations were below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit, employees working in the cavern have the potential to accrue ionizing radiation dose in excess of the annual effective dose limit recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements due to a high unattached fraction of radon progeny. (cdc.gov)
  • The research on cosmic gamma radiation includes the study of emissions from the Milky Way (nuclear de-excitation in solar flares, electron-positron annihilation from the interstellar medium and from accretion disks around compact objects) to gamma-ray bursts (correlation between various physical properties, afterglows, and supernova/kilonova emissions). (aus.edu)
  • At the moment, researchers cannot yet determine the timing of the gamma burst relative to the supernova (whether one preceded the other or whether both began at the same time), but the same event - a star explosion - was certainly the trigger for both, they say. (bbc.co.uk)
  • All gamma-ray bursts may have associated supernovae that are too faint to observe," says Matheson, who believes that because the burst was both close and bright, the supernova was detectable. (bbc.co.uk)
  • Britt, Robert R., Gamma Ray Bursts and Supernovae, Space.com, October 21 1999, http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/grb_supernova_991021.html. (academon.com)
  • Cosmic radiation is more intense in the upper atmosphere and most intense in deep space. (cdc.gov)
  • When a gamma ray strikes the top of the atmosphere, it initiates a cascade of particles, which in turn produces a flash of blue light. (astronomy.com)
  • For this reason, the development of gamma-ray astronomy was delayed until it became possible to place detectors above most (if not all) of the atmosphere, using balloons or spacecraft. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • A nuclear power plant accident could leak harmful radiation into the atmosphere. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Finally, in the 20th century with the advent of rockets, it became possible to go above the earth's atmosphere and observe X-ray and gamma ray radiation which are the marks of the hot and violent Universe. (eso.org)
  • For example, you can buy gadgets based on the Soviet-era SBM-20 tube that will register ca 20 counts per minute (near sea level), many of them actually caused by muons created when cosmic radiation hits the Earth's atmosphere, rather than gamma/beta/alpha radiation from terrestrial radioactivity. (aavso.org)
  • A chance cosmic alignment may have led astronomers to a clearer picture of gamma-ray bursts, flashes of high-energy radiation that rank as the most powerful explosions known in the universe. (sciencenews.org)
  • This type of radiation is called cosmic radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • These factors include the dose (how much), the duration (how long), and the type of radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • The rem is calculated by multiplying the absorbed dose (rad) by a quality (Q) factor or the radiation weighting factor (RWF), which reflects the differences in the amount of potential biological effect for each type of radiation. (medscape.com)
  • Radiation Exposure and Contamination Ionizing radiation injures tissues variably, depending on factors such as radiation dose, rate of exposure, type of radiation, and part of the body exposed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • What are components of cosmic matter, and its observables? (tum.de)
  • The latest breakthrough began on 29 March when the High-Energy Transient Explorer satellite (Hete) detected one of the brightest and closest gamma-ray bursts ever seen. (bbc.co.uk)
  • Gamma-ray observatories, such as the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) and the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory (HAWC), can observe over effective areas as large as a football field by detecting the products of these particle cascades at ground level. (astronomy.com)
  • That is about 200 times more energetic than all radiation ever detected before from this object," says co-author Christo Venter from the North-West University in South Africa. (scitechdaily.com)
  • They are slowly disappearing though, under the influence of energetic radiation from hot,luminous star gamma Cas. (apod.com)
  • Next, expose the bottle to an intense source of energetic radiation, and within a few minutes an even deeper purple color appears. (webexhibits.org)
  • We simulated synthetic gamma-ray maps using a CR diffusion model with spherical injection, one isotropic diffusion coefficient, no advection, and mono-energetic particles of 1 PeV. (u-strasbg.fr)
  • Radiation is energy transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves or energetic particles. (medscape.com)
  • Artist's image of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) was designed to take advantage of the major advances in detector technology during the 1980s, and it was launched in 1991. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In addition, they have detected immensely powerful gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that appear to come from sources in deep space. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Scientists may have solved one of astronomy's major puzzles: the origin of powerful gamma-ray bursts. (bbc.co.uk)
  • Nuclear materials - s-ubstances that emit nuclear radiation - are fairly common and have found their way into our normal vocabularies in many different ways. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Pulsars emit rotating beams of electromagnetic radiation, somewhat like cosmic lighthouses. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Particles moving very fast through air emit a flash of visible light (so-called Cherenkov radiation) - very much like supersonic planes generate an acoustic boom when they fly faster than the speed of sound. (mpg.de)
  • The Swift satellite, whose mission control center is in State College, has detected a cosmic explosion that has sent scientists around the world scrambling to telescopes to document this startling event. (universetoday.com)
  • This discovery opens a new observation window for detection of other pulsars in the tens of teraelectronvolt range with current and upcoming more sensitive gamma-ray telescopes, hence paving the way for a better understanding of the extreme acceleration processes in highly magnetized astrophysical objects," says Djannati-Atai. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Current gamma-ray telescope arrays only consist of a handful of individual telescopes, but CTA - with its larger collecting area and wider sky coverage - will be the largest and most sensitive array of gamma-ray telescopes in the world, with unprecedented accuracy and 10 times more sensitive than existing instruments. (ifae.es)
  • There should no longer be doubt in anybody's mind that gamma-ray bursts and supernovae are connected," says Thomas Matheson, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, US, a member of the team that made the discovery. (bbc.co.uk)
  • If their beam sweeps across our solar system, we see flashes of radiation at regular time intervals. (scitechdaily.com)
  • These flashes, also called pulses of radiation, can be searched for in different energy bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Thus, gamma-ray astronomy provides the opportunity for scientists to study objects and phenomena in the universe that are associated with extremely high energies. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In the late 1960s and early 1970s, gamma-ray astronomy received an unexpected boost from a constellation of defense satellites. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The field of gamma-ray astronomy took great leaps forward with the SAS-2 (1972) and the COS-B (1975-1982) satellites. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • During its High Energy Astronomy Observatory program in 1977, NASA announced plans to build a "great observatory" for gamma-ray astronomy. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Derek Fox, assistant professor of astronomy and astrophysics at Penn State, who is leading the monitoring effort of GRB 060218 on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, commented, "This is the burst we've been waiting eight years for," referring to the closest-ever gamma-ray burst, which was detected in 1998. (universetoday.com)
  • Daunt, Steven, A Mystery: Gamma-Ray Bursts, University of Tennessee Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/cosmology/gammaray.html. (academon.com)
  • from cosmic radiation (from the sun and adapted from (NCRP1987a) stars), another 8% from terrestrial sources (radioactive material in rocks and soil), and 11% from internal sources (radioactive materials, primarily potassium-40, from food and water consumed in the daily diet). (cdc.gov)
  • Take a century-old glass bottle, and expose it in the desert to the ultraviolet radiation present in strong sunlight. (webexhibits.org)
  • It does not tell you about non-ionizing radiation, such as microwaves, ultrasound, or ultraviolet radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Detectors used by the Max Planck physicists to detect cosmic gamma radiation are now facilitating the combination of PET and MRT in one instrument. (mpg.de)
  • Ideas for solar observations/fun projects using cosmic ray detectors/geiger counters, anyone? (aavso.org)
  • However, recent advances (eg, automated exposure control, iterative reconstruction algorithms, 3rd-generation CT detectors), are likely to significantly lower radiation doses used for CT scans. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For all the "wrong" reasons, people here in Europe have developed a great interests in equipment to detect ionizing radiation lately. (aavso.org)
  • Gamma-ray bursts erupt at random, and spacecraft detect them about once a day. (sciencenews.org)
  • A clear understanding of the measurement units of radiation and radioactivity is required to better communicate with colleagues or patients. (medscape.com)
  • During transit of the Sun across the constellation Libra in the month of October and November 2020 we experimentally observed the variation of secondary gamma radiation flux (SGR) at Udaipur (270 43' 12.00"N, 750 28' 48.01" E), India. (indjst.org)
  • In the Month of October from 27 October to 31 October secondary gamma radiation flux decreases from 240084 to 230424 while in the month of November from November 2 onward dates up to 12 November the secondary radiation flux increases from 234414 to 242816 and then started to decrease on date 13, 14 November 2020. (indjst.org)
  • These programs provide resources and information about minimizing radiation exposure to radiologists, medical physicists, other imaging practitioners, and patients. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The areas of expertise of the AUS faculty members in Astrophysics & Space Science span topics from Mars and planetary science to stars and globular clusters to high-energy radiation from various parts of the Milky Way and finally to gamma-ray bursts at the farthest reaches of the universe. (aus.edu)
  • Which are the relevant astrophysics quests, and which cosmic messengers do we know? (tum.de)
  • Our group has a summer opening for a middle/high school teacher to gain research experience in gamma ray astrophysics. (mtu.edu)
  • Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the universe. (astronomy.com)
  • These GRBs last anywhere from fractions of a second to minutes, popping off like cosmic flashbulbs from unexpected directions before fading away. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Thus, combining high-redshift probes, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and quasi-stellar objects (QSOs, or quasars), together with baryon acoustic oscillations and SNe Ia is important to assess the viability of these alternative models and whether they can cast further light on the Hubble tension. (lu.se)
  • Radiation dose due to cosmic radiation will vary with altitude. (cdc.gov)
  • The average annual dose or exposure from cosmic radiation is 0.33 mSv (33 mrem) or 11% of a person's yearly exposure due to all natural sources of radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • The average annual dose due to cosmic radiation in the US is 0.34 mSv (34 mrem) per year. (cdc.gov)
  • This low radiation dose is unlikely to affect human health. (cdc.gov)
  • For instance, the average annual radiation dose received by a person living in Boston, Massachusetts, is approximately 300 mrem (3 mSv), while people living in Denver, Colorado, and Kerala, India, receive average annual doses of approximately 600 mrem and 1500 mrem, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Cosmic radiation contributes an estimated 8% to the average population radiation dose. (cdc.gov)
  • Par exemple, seuls 6,1 % des répondants étaient capables de décrire le principe ALARA et 98,2 % ignoraient qu'il n'existait pas de seuil en dessous duquel une dose est sans danger, selon les recommandations internationales. (who.int)
  • These low dosages thus require a longer exposure time to reach the same absorbed dose as an artificial radiation source of increased intensity. (sciendo.com)
  • ALARA et 98,2 % ignoraient qu'il n'existait pas de seuil en dessous duquel une dose est sans danger, selon les recommandations internationales. (who.int)
  • Modelling the bimodal distribution of indoor gamma-ray dose-rates in Great Britain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is shown that, although the individual measurement data appear unimodal, the distribution of gamma-ray dose-rates when averaged over relatively small areas, which probably better represents the underlying distribution with inter-house variation reduced, appears bimodal. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The distribution of indoor gamma-ray dose-rates in the UK is compared with those in other countries, which also tend to appear bimodal (or possibly multimodal). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The variation of indoor gamma-ray dose-rates with geology, socio-economic status of the area, building type, and period of construction are explored. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Various statistical models are tested for predicting indoor gamma-ray dose-rates at unmeasured locations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The rem is a unit that describes the equivalent dose, which accounts for the actual biological effect of radiation. (medscape.com)
  • The absorbed dose is the amount of radiation absorbed per unit mass. (msdmanuals.com)
  • it adjusts the equivalent dose based on the susceptibility of the tissue exposed to radiation (eg, gonads are most susceptible). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Radiation may be harmful if the total accumulated dose for a person is high, as when multiple CT scans are done, because CT scans require a higher doses than most other imaging studies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A map of gamma-ray emissions throughout the Milky Way galaxy, based on observations from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The central CT5 telescope of the H.E.S.S. array is actually the largest telescope on Earth used to measure optical radiation. (mpg.de)
  • It is described in the article " New ultra-bright scintillators for planetary gamma-ray spectroscopy" published Oct. 23 in the SPIE Newsroom. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • The study is to observe secondary gamma radiation flux during transit of the Sun across the constellation Libra. (indjst.org)
  • Analyzed data showed significant variation of secondary gamma radiation flux (SGR) in month of October and November. (indjst.org)
  • Due to transit of the Sun across the constellation Libra on the surface of Earth secondary gamma radiation flux varies. (indjst.org)
  • Specifical y, were physicians who were recruited hand delivered to the physicians in each high radiation doses tend to kill cells, from the 2 largest referral hospitals in setting, accompanied by an informa- while low doses tend to damage or alter Palestine: Al-Makassed hospital (250 tion sheet explaining the purpose of the the DNA of irradiated cel s [1,2]. (who.int)
  • Estimated risk of cancer due to radiation exposure in diagnostic imaging has been extrapolated from studies of people exposed to very high radiation doses (eg, survivors of the atomic bomb explosions at Hiroshima and Nagasaki). (msdmanuals.com)
  • NCRP Report No. 160, Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Medical diagnostic procedures used to define and diagnose medical conditions are currently the greatest manmade source of ionizing radiation exposure to the general population. (medscape.com)
  • It has also been observed that most gamma-ray bursts have an afterglow in the x-ray, and sometimes even optical, wavelengths ranges. (academon.com)
  • Bonnell, J., A Brief History of the Discovery of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, April 17 1995, http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/grbhist.html. (academon.com)
  • They confirmed the earlier findings of the gamma-ray background, produced the first detailed map of the sky at gamma-ray wavelengths, and detected a number of point sources. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) designation was the AL-14, and they described it as a "vertical lead shield for reducing beta, gamma and cosmic radiation background counts on mica window type GM tubes. (orau.org)
  • The CMB is a cosmic background radiation is the oldest radiation in the universe. (radio-astronomy.org)
  • However, even these sources are generally quite limited compared to the general background radiation on Earth. (medscape.com)
  • This article also acquaints the practitioner with relative doses of common radiographic procedures as well as natural background radiation. (medscape.com)
  • It is not known how many of the 1,517 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency give off ionizing radiation above background levels. (cdc.gov)
  • These first gamma-ray line observations were from the spacecrafts OSO-3, OSO-7, and the Solar Maximum Mission, the last of which was launched in 1980. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The satellite carried four major instruments which have greatly improved the spatial and temporal resolution of gamma-ray observations. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • But this is not the end of the story: using deep observations with H.E.S.S., a new radiation component at even higher energies has now been discovered, with energies of up to tens of tera-electronvolts (TeV). (scitechdaily.com)
  • Dooling, Dave, The Mysterious Fingerprints Of Gamma-Ray Bursts, Science@NASA, January 8 1999, http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast08jan99_1.htm. (academon.com)
  • One natural source of radiation is from space. (cdc.gov)
  • By detecting this Cherenkov light, scientists will be able to trace the gamma ray back to its cosmic source. (ifae.es)
  • However, different tissues can have different absorbed doses and, therefore, unequal biologic effects, depending on the tissue and the source of radiation. (medscape.com)
  • Research into the effects of radiation remains a high priority for the further advancement of crewed space exploration, both in terms of reducing risk to the mental and physical health of humans, as well as the viability of plants and other attendant biology vital to the support of long duration missions and exploration ( NASA, 2018 ). (sciendo.com)
  • For example, in Tom Clancy's book 'The Hunt for Red October,' a Russian submarine has a nuclear reactor accident with radiation leakage that forces the crew to abandon ship. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The pooling of uranium processing worker data will address issues of importance today, specifically the concerns for cleanup workers and environmental contamination from the operation of past and present nuclear reactor and radiation facilities, reactor accidents, and possible terrorist events. (cdc.gov)
  • The other limitation is the ability of the gamma ray to survive its journey to Earth. (astronomy.com)
  • he also found that the rate of decline in radiation as the balloon ascended over land was slower than would be expected if the radiation emanated from the earth. (cdc.gov)
  • About once a day, a flash of high-energy radiation coming from deep space and lasting only a few seconds is detected by satellite observatories orbiting the Earth. (bbc.co.uk)