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AngiospermsGerm Cells, PlantOvuleFernsPollenGymnospermsGametogenesis, PlantGametogenesisPollen TubeGenes, PlantPteridaceaeArabidopsisBryopsidaBryophytaFlowersGene Expression Regulation, PlantSeedsArabidopsis ProteinsPhylogenyPolypodiaceaePiperaceaeMarsileaceaePlant InfertilityEndospermDNA, PlantSporesConiferophytaRNA, PlantReproductionGenome, PlantPlant ProteinsPterisPlantsGerminationBiological EvolutionNymphaeaceaeEvolution, MolecularPollinationHaploidyPlant Physiological PhenomenaFertilizationPlants, Genetically ModifiedSelf-FertilizationMolecular Sequence DataMADS Domain ProteinsHyacinthusPlastidsNymphaeaNupharPteridiumPlant Components, AerialBotanyMutationDNA, ChloroplastPiceaPlant DevelopmentDryopterisGenome, PlastidMeristemFossilsPhaeophytaSelaginellaceaeBrassicaceaeCycasDiploidyAlismatidaeAnnonaGerm CellsPlant StructuresMutagenesis, InsertionalZea maysKelpPhenotypeOryza sativaSpecies SpecificityCrosses, GeneticDNA Barcoding, TaxonomicTreesPlant ShootsGenome SizeBiodiversityAmino Acid SequenceSphagnopsidaGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalLiriodendronGeraniaceaeMultigene FamilyAristolochiaBase SequencePlant LeavesAnthocerotophytaSequence AlignmentSequence Homology, Amino AcidPlant RootsEcosystemGene DuplicationEmbryophytaTracheobiontaPloidiesGene Expression Profiling
Embryo sacSporophyte and gametophyteHaploid gametophytePollinationGrainsBryophytesGerminate to formFernsGametesSpermZygoteOvulePlantsAntherSporophytesFemaleAlternationEndospermGymnospermArchegoniaPlantSpeciesAntheridiumReproductive organsGenesMossGnetophytesLiving organismsFertilizationTissueFernShootsFormation
Embryo sac7
  • Megagametogenesis is the process of maturation of the female gametophyte, or megagametophyte, in plants During the process of megagametogenesis, the megaspore, which arises from megasporogenesis, develops into the embryo sac, which is where the female gamete is housed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angiosperms have distinctive reproductive organs called flowers with carpels and the gametophyte is greatly reduced down to a female embryo sac with as few as eight cells and the male gametophyte develop from the pollen grains. (bionity.com)
  • However, the embryo sac is the female gametophyte of angiosperms which is developed from the megaspore cell. (scoringanswer.com)
  • 4. A typical angiosperm embryo sac is 8-nucleate and 7-celled. (bankofbiology.com)
  • 2. In angiosperms, female gametophyte is known as embryo sac. (bankofbiology.com)
  • This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte (megagametophyte, also called the embryo sac) with two male gametes (sperm). (answerlib.org)
  • A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm. (easynotecards.com)
Sporophyte and gametophyte3
  • There is always an alternation of generations between morphologically distinct sporophyte and gametophyte. (tripod.com)
  • For instance, in the sporophyte and gametophyte generations. (entri.app)
  • In Algae, the sporophyte and gametophyte are separate independent organisms that may or may not have the same appearance. (aakash.ac.in)
Haploid gametophyte4
  • Plants alternate between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations, and between sexual and asexual reproduction. (olychka.com)
  • Thus, during the life cycle of any sexually reproducing plant, there is an alternation of generations between gamete-producing haploid gametophyte and spore-producing diploid sporophyte. (aakash.ac.in)
  • The main plant body is haploid gametophyte. (aakash.ac.in)
  • The gametophytic phase is represented by a short lived, single to few-celled haploid gametophyte that is dependent on the photosynthetic sporophyte. (aakash.ac.in)
Pollination5
Grains7
Bryophytes5
  • The familiar leafy plant of Bryophytes is the sexual, gamete-producing (gametophyte) generation of their life cycle. (tripod.com)
  • In bryophytes, the sporophyte is less developed than gametophyte.However, moss and hornwort sporophytes can perform photosynthesis. (aakash.ac.in)
  • Moss (Leucolepis acanthoneuron) in its gametophyte phase (the dominant phase in the life cycle of bryophytes). (activewild.com)
  • In bryophytes such as moss, the gametophyte stage is phase is the dominant phase. (activewild.com)
  • The gametophytes of lower plants, such as the bryophytes, are free living organisms that undergo differentiation and development independent of the sporophytes, whereas the gametophytes of flowering plants complete their development within the floral organs of the sporophytes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Germinate to form1
Ferns10
  • In this group, the gametophyte (haploid) generation does not occur as an independent plant (as in ferns). (tripod.com)
  • The haploid pollen and ovule produced by a flower are thought to contain the remains of the gametophyte generation which was typical of the ancestors of the angiosperms (up to and including ferns). (tripod.com)
  • Extant ferns comprise approximately 12,000 species worldwide and are second only to their sister clade, the angiosperms, in size [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to having a dominant sporophyte generation as in other vascular plants, a salient feature of the ferns is the possession of a free-living, photosynthetic, and macroscopic gametophyte generation that is easily cultured in the laboratory [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unlike most homosporous ferns, C. richardii lacks a woody rhizome (comparable to the stem in angiosperms) and grows as an annual plant [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) In seedless vascular plants (ferns, horsetails and clubmosses) the sporophyte\ (diploid) dominates and is separate from the gametophyte. (answers.com)
  • In ferns, the gametophyte is a small flattened autotrophic prothallus on which the young sporophyte is dependent for its nutrition. (aakash.ac.in)
  • Ferns and lycophytes have received scant molecular attention in comparison to angiosperms. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this work, proteomic analyses of heart-shaped gametophytes of two ferns were performed: the apomictic Dryopteris affinis ssp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Which of the following are adaptations to land of both gymnosperms and angiosperms but are lacking in ferns and mosses? (thehomeworkhelpers.com)
Gametes10
  • 4. How many male gametes and vegetative cells are produced by the male gametophyte of angiosperms? (scoringanswer.com)
  • Meiosis is the process by which male and female gametes are created respectively in male and female sex parts in angiosperms. (vedantu.com)
  • Synergids are the cells of gametophyte and hence these are haploid Zygote is formed by fusion of two gametes and thus it is diploid. (edurev.in)
  • The haploid plant body/gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis. (aakash.ac.in)
  • The end result is a multicellular haploid organism known as a gametophyte which forms gametes at maturity. (aakash.ac.in)
  • When the gametophyte matures, it yields many gametangia, organs that generate haploid gametes. (aakash.ac.in)
  • Gametophyte divide mitotically to form haploid gametes. (aakash.ac.in)
  • The male and female gametophytes which produce gametes are highly reduced. (majordifferences.com)
  • entomophilous (insect-dispersed) plants intrinsically rely on insects for successful reproduction-female gametes are sessile, and thus require deposition of male gametophytes by external means [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This process involves joining of a female gametophyte with two male gametes. (answerlib.org)
Sperm4
  • C. richardii spores, in the absence of the hormone antheridiogen, will develop into hermaphrodite gametophytes, containing both egg-producing archegonia and sperm-producing antheridia [ 2 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gametophyte makes sperm that travel in water to reach the egg. (answers.com)
  • When a male reproductive cell ( sperm ) produced by a gametophyte fuses with a female reproductive cell ( egg ) produced by a gametophyte of the same species, the result is a diploid cell called a zygote . (activewild.com)
  • In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. (easynotecards.com)
Zygote1
  • A) diploid generation.B) gametophyte generation.C) zygote.D) sporophyte generation.E) embryo. (thehomeworkhelpers.com)
Ovule4
  • Seed is actually a sprouting plant and a result of matured ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants that occurs after the process of fertilization and has become necessary in the reproduction and dispersal of plants. (olychka.com)
  • The fertilized angiosperm ovule develops into a seed, and the ovary develops into the fruit. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these plant groups, the male gametophyte is carried by pollen and develops within the stigma of a sporophyte, while the female gametophyte develops within the ovule (the egg-producing organ) of a sporophyte. (activewild.com)
  • The megaspore mother cell located in the nucleus of the ovule undergoes meiosis for the formation of haploid megaspore, which eventually forms the female gametophyte. (panotbook.com)
Plants24
  • 2. The gametophytes of nonvascular plants are larger and more noticeable than the sporophytes. (slideserve.com)
  • The gymnosperms and angiosperms are collectively called Spermatophyte (seed-bearing) plants. (tripod.com)
  • Water lilies are one of the most ancient angiosperm plants. (tripod.com)
  • Currently, over three quarters of all living plants are angiosperms. (tripod.com)
  • Seed producing plants, which include the angiosperms and the gymnosperms, have hetromorphic alternation of generations with large sporophytes containing much reduced gametophytes. (bionity.com)
  • This transformation method will allow for the immediate observation of phenotypes in the haploid gametophytes of transformed plants, as well as the generation of stably transformed C. richardii lines for further analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the gametophyte , which is haploid with one set of chromosomes per cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Seeds developed in more advance vascular plants about 360 million years ago, and are now classified as either angiosperms or gymnosperms , and collectively called the seed plants. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In these plants, the gametophytes are highly reduced. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The phyla include Pinophyta ( conifers ), Cycadophyta (cycads), Ginkgophyta (ginkgoes), Gnetophyta (gnetophytes), and Magnoliophyta (flowering plants or angiosperms). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The life cycles of all sexually reproducing plants follow a pattern of alternation between a haploid, sexual generation called gametophyte with a diploid, asexual generation called sporophyte. (olychka.com)
  • However, in modern vascular plants the gametophyte is less well developed as compared to the sporophyte. (aakash.ac.in)
  • The dominant, photosynthetic phase in such plants is the free-living gametophyte. (aakash.ac.in)
  • Most land plants today are flowering plants ( Angiosperm or Magnoliophyta ). (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the gametophytes of angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (plants such as conifers) are much reduced in size, comprising of just a few cells. (activewild.com)
  • The angiosperm and gymnosperm plants that we see around us are in their sporophyte phase. (activewild.com)
  • A critical role of moss 2 KNOTTED LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX2) transcription factors was demonstrated in preventing the development of gametophyte leafy shoots from diploid embryos before meiosis [ 9 ] indicating a critical role for the evolution of KNOX2 in establishing an alternation of generation in land plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Double fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants (angiosperms). (answerlib.org)
  • The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta ) are one of the major groups of modern plants , comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers , where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. (academickids.com)
  • The botanical term "Angiosperm" was coined in the form Angiospermae by Paul Hermann in 1690 , as the name of that one of his primary divisions of the plant kingdom, which included flowering plants possessing seeds enclosed in capsules, in contradistinction to his Gymnospermae, or flowering plants with achenial or schizo-carpic fruits?the whole fruit or each of its pieces being here regarded as a seed and naked. (academickids.com)
  • From that time onwards, so long as these Gymnosperms were, as was usual, reckoned as dicotyledonous flowering plants, the term Angiosperm was used antithetically by botanical writers, but with varying limitation, as a group-name for other dicotyledonous plants. (academickids.com)
  • Fossil plants with some identifiable angiosperm characteristics appear in the Jurassic and early Cretaceous (135-65 million years ago), but in relatively few and primitive forms. (academickids.com)
  • By the late Cretaceous, angiosperms appear to have become the predominant group of land plants, and many fossil plants recognizable as belonging to modern families (including beech , oak , maple , and magnolia ) appeared. (academickids.com)
  • In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall. (easynotecards.com)
Anther2
  • What is the number of microsporangia in each lobe of an angiosperm anther? (neetprep.com)
  • b) A typical angiosperm flower has a bilobed and dithecous anther. (unseenpassage.com)
Sporophytes1
  • Thus, the 'alternation of generations occurs between a diploid generation of sporophytes and a haploid generation of gametophytes in the life cycle of an organism. (aakash.ac.in)
Female11
  • These megaspores then develop into the haploid female gametophytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • An angiosperm male plant having 24 chromosomes in its pollen mother cells is crossed with a female plant bearing 24 chromosomes in its root cells. (unseenpassage.com)
  • 1. Which of the following represents female gametophyte in angiosperms? (thelivelearns.com)
  • The functional megaspore develops into the female gametophyte. (bankofbiology.com)
  • The stamens , and the male and female gametophytes , have been adapted in many ways to suit particular pollinators. (wikipedia.org)
  • The small female gametophyte also allows rapid seed production, which led to annual herbaceous life-cycles . (wikipedia.org)
  • The goal of our study was to identify genes connected to female gametophyte development and archegonia production in the dioecious liverwort Pellia endiviifolia species B, which is representative of the most basal lineage of the simple thalloid liverworts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have identified three genes which are specifically expressed in P.endiviifolia sp B female gametophytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A number of genes have been identified in several angiosperm species which play crucial functions in many different steps of the male and female gametophytes formation [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte. (easynotecards.com)
  • The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei. (easynotecards.com)
Alternation1
Endosperm1
Gymnosperm2
  • These groups are discussed in more detail in the gymnosperm and angiosperm articles. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • 2. When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm, and an angiosperm? (panotbook.com)
Archegonia1
  • Under high population density, later-germinating spores develop into smaller male gametophytes, developing antheridia but not archegonia, in response to the antheridiogen produced by earlier-germinated hermaphrodites [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plant8
  • W ith a free living Gametophyte, the plant can ensure genetic diversity. (answerbag.com)
  • The sporophytegeneration is very small and dependent on the gametophyte plant. (olychka.com)
  • This plant body represents a gametophyte. (aakash.ac.in)
  • A flowering plant (Heliconia bihai) in its sporophyte phase (In its gametophyte phase, a flowering plant may consist of just a few cells). (activewild.com)
  • Fern gametophytes represent one of the simplest autotrophic, multicellular plant forms and show several experimental advantages, including a simple and space-efficient in vitro culture system. (bvsalud.org)
  • The trend of the evolution of the plant kingdom has been in the direction of the establishment of a vegetation of fixed habit and adapted to the vicissitudes of a life on land, and the Angiosperms are the highest expression of this evolution and constitute the dominant vegetation of the earth's surface at the present epoch. (academickids.com)
  • There is no land-area from the poles to the equator, where plant-life is possible, upon which Angiosperms are not found. (academickids.com)
  • A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte. (easynotecards.com)
Species1
Antheridium1
  • However, antherozoid is the male gamete of the bryophyte produced in its male gametophyte i.e. antheridium. (scoringanswer.com)
Reproductive organs1
Genes1
  • RNAi has been used successfully to suppress gene expression in C. richardii by biolistic bombardment of DNA constructs expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against target genes into gametophyte cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Moss1
  • As you examine a moss sporophyte, you observe a structure that has the most direct contact with the gametophyte. (easynotecards.com)
Gnetophytes1
  • Based on current evidence, it is seems that the ancestors of the angiosperms and the Gnetophytes diverged from one another during the late Triassic (220-202 million years ago). (academickids.com)
Living organisms1
  • Amongst all living organisms, Flowers which are the reproductive structures of angiosperms , are the most varied physically and show the greatest diversity in methods of reproduction of all biologically systems. (bionity.com)
Fertilization2
Tissue1
  • The vestigial gametophytes are contained in the sporophyte tissue as a few nuclei and can only be seen by a microscope (the embryonic sac and the pollen grain). (tripod.com)
Fern1
  • Here, we report on a proteomic study that identified 417 proteins shared by gametophytes of the apogamous fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. (bvsalud.org)
Shoots1
Formation1
  • Microgametogenesis is the process of the formation of the male gametophyte. (wikipedia.org)