Galectin 3 protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Galectin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-3 is encoded by a single gene, LGALS3, located on chromosome 14, locus q21-q22. (wikipedia.org)
Full length human recombinant protein of human LGALS3(NP_002297) produced in HEK293T cell. (origene.com)
Homo sapiens galectin 3 (LGALS3), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (origene.com)

Galectin-3 belongs to the lectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins. (enquirebio.com)
The galectins constitute a large family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that function in many systems both intracellularly and following secretion. (rndsystems.com)
This gene encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins. (origene.com)

Galectin-3 is a member of the lectin family, of which 14 mammalian galectins have been identified. (wikipedia.org)

Given galectin-3's broad biological functionality, it has been demonstrated to be involved in cancer, inflammation and fibrosis, heart disease, and stroke. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have also shown that the expression of galectin-3 is implicated in a variety of processes associated with heart failure, including myofibroblast proliferation, fibrogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-3 is a member of a carbohydrate-binding protein family involved in cell activation and inflammation. (lu.se)
Galectin-3 is an inflammatory protein associated with cancer, heart disease, and other conditions related to inflammation and fibrosis. (mariasfarmcountrykitchen.com)
The autophagy machinery targets intracellular pathogens for degradation, modulates inflammation, and participates in adaptive immune responses ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
This protein urges other immune cells to respond and sets off immune reactions like inflammation, a necessary response. (dherbs.com)
SCN- supplementation did not modulate serum markers of damage/inflammation (ANP, BNP, galectin-3, CRP), but returned metabolomic abnormalities (reductions in histidine, creatine and leucine by 0.83-, 0.84- and 0.89-fold, respectively), determined by NMR, to control levels. (ku.dk)

In direct ELISAs, less than 20% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse Galectin‑3BP/MAC‑2BP is observed. (novusbio.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: Human galectin 3 binding protein interacts with recombinant adeno-associated virus type 6. (duke.edu)

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is also a member of the beta-galactoside-binding protein family that plays an important role in cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix interactions, macrophage activation, angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
It has been suggested in published literature that the beta-galactoside binding protein, galectin-9, acts on T cells to induce apoptosis, but whether this induced cell death is dependent on TIM3 remains an area of active debate and conflicting results. (emerging-researchers.org)

In several studies with mice deficient in or lacking galectin-3, conditions that caused control mice to develop IPF, renal, or liver fibrosis either induced limited fibrosis or failed to induce fibrosis entirely. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-9 protein ability to induce apoptosis was investigated using Jurkat T lymphocytes placed under an untreated negative control, a positive control of staurosporine, and 50, 100, or 200Nm of galectin-9 for 4, 12, and 18 hours. (emerging-researchers.org)
Conclusions: We show that α-synuclein aggregates induce microglial activation and demonstrate for the first time that galectin-3 plays a significant role in microglia activation induced by α-synuclein. (lu.se)
Galectin-3 activates spinal microglia to induce inflammatory nociception in wild type but not in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice (DOI10.1038/s41467-023-39077-1) (George Sideris-Lampretsas, Silvia Oggero, Lynda Zeboudj, Rita Silva, Archana Bajpai, Gopuraja Dharmalingam, David A. Collier, Marzia Malcangio) was published in Nature Communications . (kcl.ac.uk)
Our aims were to elucidate whether T cells can induce galectin-9 secretion in human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors and whether this soluble form displays higher systemic immunosuppressive activity compared with the cell surface-based protein. (bmj.com)
Results We discovered that T lymphocytes induce galectin-9 secretion in various types of human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors. (bmj.com)

TIM-3 acts as a negative regulator of Th1/Tc1 function by triggering cell death upon interaction with its ligand, galectin-9. (beckman.com)
Using this co-culture model, bacterial CpG DNA (a Toll like receptor 9 ligand) combined with NDO was found to effectively drive away from the allergic phenotype of the underlying immune cells by increasing epithelial release of galectin-9, a soluble type lectin known to neutralize IgE and instruct regulatory T-cells. (uu.nl)
Protein flexibility and conformational entropy in ligand design targeting the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3. (lu.se)

Galectin-3 is expressed by a wide range of cell types including activated T cells, tumor cells, macrophages, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. (enquirebio.com)
Galectin-3 has specific binding affinity for beta-galactoside sugar moieties and has functional roles during development, innate immunity, cell apoptosis, and tumor metastasis. (enquirebio.com)
Galectin-3 binding protein (Galectin-3BP), also known as MAC-2 binding protein (MAC-2BP or M2BP), and the 90 kDa tumor associated antigen (TAA90K or 90K), is a secreted glycoprotein of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily (1, 2). (novusbio.com)
Our findings demonstrate that PKM2 promotes tumor progression and galectin-9-mediated immunosuppression via NF-κB signaling inhibition in HNSCC, which bridges metabolism and immunosuppression. (researchsquare.com)
TIM-3 plays an important role in immunity, the dysregulation of TIM-3 expression has been associated with autoimmune diseases, viral infections and cancer and it's expression on numerous cell types (T cell, Treg, dendritic cell, myeloid cells) favors tumor escape to immune cells. (beckman.com)
However, solid tumor cells at rest are known to secrete either very low amounts of galectin-9 or, in most of the cases, do not secrete it at all. (bmj.com)
3] In another study by Pisanu et al,[4] in a series of 23 patients, the mean tumor size was significantly greater for carcinomas than adenomas (3.1 cm vs 1.9 cm). (medscape.com)
As sensitive, stable and easy tools to use, galectins are widely used to recognize changes in the surfaces of tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
However, the possible involvement of galectins in tumor development is still much debated. (bvsalud.org)

Of note, galectin-3 has been suggested to play important roles in cancer metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
In this context, include the galectins, protein family of animal lectins, which are involved in various biological processes in organisms such as cell cycle control, immune response, cell adhesion, apoptosis and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)

Interaction with Galectin-3 (GAL3) was identified, and confirmed by binding assay. (nih.gov)
GAL3 protein was detected in the blood of CF patients, and a molecular interaction with YKL-40 was identified. (nih.gov)

Galectin-3 has an affinity for beta-galactosides and exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
Members of this protein family have an affinity for beta-galactosides. (origene.com)

Galectin-3BP binds Galectin-3 (formerly MAC-2) with high affinity, but also binds Galectins -1 and -7, several collagen types, fibronectin, beta 1 integrins and nidogen (3, 6, 7). (novusbio.com)
Upon reaching the spinal cord, it binds to another protein, TLR4, to initiate the immune response. (kcl.ac.uk)
MCP binds to excess galectin-3 to block its pro-cancer, pro-inflammatory effects. (mariasfarmcountrykitchen.com)

The novel PKM2-lactate-galectin-9 axis might be a potential therapeutic target in HNSCC. (researchsquare.com)
George Sideris-Lampretsas, a PhD student at King's IoPPN and the study's first author said, "The results of this study have the potential to make an impact, not only by identifying Galectin-3/TLR4 as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain, but most importantly by raising awareness around the underreported and untreated pain experienced by patients with AD. (kcl.ac.uk)
As such, research shows galectin-3 to be a potential therapeutic target in asthma treatment. (mariasfarmcountrykitchen.com)

Based on these data, we propose that species-specific interactions of AAVs with blood proteins may differentially impact vector distribution and efficacy in different animal models. (duke.edu)

We report that serotypes rAAV-1, -5, and -6 but not serotypes rAAV-2, -7, -8, -9, and -10 interact in human sera with galectin 3 binding protein (hu-G3BP), a soluble scavenger receptor. (duke.edu)

This article is a literature review that presents information of the expression of galectins 1 and 3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, considering its multifunctional role in biological processes. (bvsalud.org)

At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Although lectins were already known because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, 3 the involvement of lectins and glycans in PCD had not been elucidated. (nature.com)
Such lysosomes are therefore engulfed by autophagic membranes in the process known as lysophagy, which is initiated by recognition of luminal glycoprotein domains by cytosolic lectins such as Galectin-3. (biorxiv.org)

This protein has been shown to be involved in the following biological processes: cell adhesion, cell activation and chemoattraction, cell growth and differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
We hypothesized that Galectin-9 induced apoptosis of exhausted Jurkat T lymphocytes is dependent on T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Protein 3 (TIM3). (emerging-researchers.org)
This protein plays a role in numerous cellular functions including apoptosis, innate immunity, cell adhesion and T-cell regulation. (origene.com)

In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with a focus on bacteria-macrophage interaction. (frontiersin.org)
The late blood response (7 and 28d) was characterized by increased serum osteopontin levels in conjunction with increased lung expression of genes coding for a macrophage related response (e.g. arginase I, galectin-3, osteopontin). (cdc.gov)

In conclusion, antibody-based proteomics and specially designed tissue microarrays enable identification and exploration of novel proteins with differential expression in pancreatic islets. (nih.gov)
Antibody arrays revealed that nine proteins were significantly increased in hypoxic CM compared with normoxic CM. Furthermore, compared with vehicle and N-CM groups, the protein levels of PI3K and p‐Akt/Akt ratio in the transplanted hearts significantly increased in the H-CM group. (researchsquare.com)
Supplementation also decreased antibody recognition of HOCl-damaged myocardial proteins. (ku.dk)

Lactate production and the expression of galectin-9, a critical immunosuppression molecule, were detected after PKM2 knockdown and overexpression in HNSCC cells. (researchsquare.com)

The wide variety of effects of galectin-3 on cancerous cells are due to the unique structure and various interaction properties of the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
The many interaction and binding properties of galectin-3 influence various cell activities based on its location. (wikipedia.org)
Secreted galectin-9 pre-opsonised T cells and, following interaction with other immune checkpoint proteins, their activity was completely attenuated. (bmj.com)

The amino acid sequences of human and mouse Galectin-3 proteins share 80% homology. (enquirebio.com)
The 585 amino acid (aa) human Galectin-3BP contains an 18 aa signal sequence and four definitive domains (4-6). (novusbio.com)
Nature's design of proteins (Why was that metal or amino acid selected? (lu.se)

Overexpression and changes in the localization of galectin-3 molecules affects the prognosis of the patient and targeting the actions of galectin-3 poses a promising therapeutic strategy for the development of effective therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. (wikipedia.org)
These results suggest that genetic down-regulation or pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 might constitute a novel therapeutic target in PD and other synucleinopathies. (lu.se)

Galectin-3 is approximately 30 kDa and, like all galectins, contains a carbohydrate-recognition-binding domain (CRD) of about 130 amino acids that enable the specific binding of β-galactosides. (wikipedia.org)
Galectins contain either one or two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRR) which mediate recognition of N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. (rndsystems.com)
The encoded protein is characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich tandem repeat domain and a single C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. (origene.com)
Bacterial compartment is captured by autophagosome either via ubiquitination (A.2, 3) or host glycan recognition by galectins (A.3). (frontiersin.org)

An inflammatory protein inside the brain Transcriptomic studies strongly support the role of galectin-3 as an important molecule in neuroinflammation. (lu.se)

This was demonstrated to occur via two differential mechanisms: first by translocation of galectin-9 onto the cell surface followed by its proteolytic shedding and second due to autophagy followed by lysosomal secretion. (bmj.com)
For both mechanisms a protein carrier/trafficker was required, since galectin-9 lacks a secretion sequence. (bmj.com)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a lysosomal degradative process that participates in cellular homeostasis by enabling the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular microorganisms ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

TIM-3 is expressed on activated human CD4+ T cells and regulates Th1 and Th17 cytokines. (beckman.com)
Background Galectin-9 is a member of the family of lectin proteins and crucially regulates human immune responses, particularly because of its ability to suppress the anticancer activities of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. (bmj.com)

Here we describe 5 candidate proteins for further investigation of their physiological role and potential involvement in the pathogenesis of diabetes. (nih.gov)

Xenophagy requires formation of an autophagosome and depends on ULK1, autophagy-related (Atg)14, Beclin-1, Atg5-12, and autophagy receptor proteins such as p62 (A.1). (frontiersin.org)
Total internal reflection (TIRF) micrograph of MDCK cells stably transfected with the apical membrane protein P75-GFP (green) and with its sorting receptor Galectin-3-dsRed (red) in close proximity or inside the apical plasma membrane. (ucsd.edu)
Absence of interleukin-1 receptor 1 increases excitatory and inhibitory scaffolding protein expression and microglial activation in the adult mouse hippocampus. (lu.se)
Ahlstedt J., Tran T.A., Strand S-E, Gram M., Åkerström B. Human Anti-Oxidation Protein A1M-A Potential Kidney Protection Agent in Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. (lu.se)

Plasma galectin-3 (Gal-3) is associated with organ fibrosis, but whether urinary Gal-3 is a potential biomarker of kidney disease progression has never been explored. (mdpi.com)
A correlation between galectin-3 expression levels and various types of fibrosis has been found. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-3 is upregulated in cases of liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). (wikipedia.org)
The galectin-3 inhibitor, TD139 and GR-MD-02 have the potential to treat fibrosis. (wikipedia.org)

The functional roles of galectins in cellular response to membrane damage are rapidly expanding. (wikipedia.org)
Ras proteins are attached by a fatty tail to the inner surface of the cell membrane. (elifesciences.org)
Of the five novel endocrine markers, tetraspanin-7 was identified as a membrane-bound protein with exclusive positivity in islet cells. (nih.gov)
One of these proteins, tetraspanin-7, is expressed on the cell membrane and could thus be a potential candidate for future development of tracers for beta cell imaging. (nih.gov)
Upon autophagy activation, Atgs, serine/threonine kinase ULK1, and Beclin-1, in association with Atg14 and type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Vps34, promote the formation of a cup-shaped isolation membrane to engulf the cargo ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
This latter step is mediated by a second Beclin-1 complex, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and a fusion machinery including SNARE syntaxin-17. (frontiersin.org)
See http://www.leica-microsystems.com/science-lab/protein-transport-processes-at-the-apical-membrane-of-polarized-epithelial-cells-applications-for-tirf-microscopy/ for additional details. (ucsd.edu)
1995). These 3 proteins have been shown to be present on the plasma membrane of many cell types including vascular endothelium (Stitt et al. (reactome.org)

Our main goal was to evaluate if YKL-40 can modulate the expression of major cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) implicated in the inflammatory response in CF. A secondary goal was to explore the interactions between YKL-40 and other circulating proteins to determine the impacts on cytokine modulation. (nih.gov)

We screened for serum proteins interacting with different AAV serotypes in humans, macaques, dogs, and mice. (duke.edu)
CD366 also known as TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing protein-3) is a type I transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene. (beckman.com)
Protein translation (PT) declines with age in invertebrates, rodents, and humans. (bvsalud.org)

INTENDED USE AND DESCRIPTION: For use a quantitative control for the determination of human Galectin-3 concentrations in biological fluids. (rndsystems.com)

There is a unique natural compound to address galectin-3 elevation: modified citrus pectin (MCP). (mariasfarmcountrykitchen.com)
Dr. Isaac Eliaz discusses Galectin 3, a crucial Survival Protein, which can be managed with Modified Citrus Pectin, with Dr. Ben Weitz. (drweitz.com)

Galectin-3 overexpression promotes neoplastic transformation and the maintenance of transformed phenotypes as well as enhances the tumour cell's adhesion to the extracellular matrix and increase metastatic spreading. (wikipedia.org)
This protein localizes to the extracellular matrix, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. (origene.com)

We evaluated serum proteins and blood cell gene expression of biomarkers related to potential cardiovascular effects. (cdc.gov)
At 4hr, a marked systemic inflammatory response was evidenced by increased inflammatory serum proteins (e.g. (cdc.gov)
At 24hr, inflammatory serum proteins and blood cell gene expression had returned to baseline and the systemic tissue response had diminished. (cdc.gov)

Methods: We used liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based proteomics and high throughput screening to identify proteins differentially expressed and proteins differentially O-glycosylated in the retinas of wildtype and diabetic mice. (bvsalud.org)
Results: Changes in both global expression levels of proteins and proteins differentially glycosylated in the retinas of wild-type and diabetic mice have been identified. (bvsalud.org)

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 (TIM3) is a cell surface protein expressed on T helper type 1 cells and is proposed to be a regulator of human T cell exhaustion. (emerging-researchers.org)

In immune regulation, galectin-3 can regulate immune cell activities and helps contribute to the tumour cell's evasion of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
It is widely expressed in all extracellular fluids and in pericellular areas of cell-rich tissues (1-3). (novusbio.com)
TIM3 interacts with cellular ligands by functioning as an inhibitory protein to limit normal T cell function, thus enhancing cellular exhaustion. (emerging-researchers.org)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
The Ras family of proteins play an important role in relaying signals from the outside to the inside of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
We hypothesized that blood cell gene expression and serum protein analysis will provide insight into the relationship between CNT-induced lung and cardiovascular effects. (cdc.gov)
As an example, we studied the cooperation of galectin-9 and V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) proteins in human cancer cells. (bmj.com)

TIM-3 is also known to be expressed on certain innate immune cells, including NK cells, macrophages, DCs, and mast cells. (beckman.com)
The team at the ICR - a research institute and a charity - also found that the clusters had higher levels of a protein called galectin-3, which is known to cause key immune cells to die. (icr.ac.uk)

The adaptive immune response, primarily comprised of T and B lymphocytes, has important implications in the fracture healing process as well [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

In mice, rAAV-6 interacted with another protein of the innate immune system, C-reactive protein (CRP). (duke.edu)
We confirmed these findings using primary microglial cells obtained from wild-type and galectin-3 null mutant mice. (lu.se)
Finally, we performed injections of α-synuclein in the olfactory bulb of wild type mice and observed that some of the α-synuclein was taken up by activated microglia that were immunopositive for galectin-3. (lu.se)
Similarly, in cow's milk allergic mice fed a diet containing NDO and a beneficial bacterial strain, it was observed that intestinal and serum galectin-9 levels were increased in correlation with the suppressed allergic symptoms. (uu.nl)
Beyond NDO also n-3 LCPUFA, such as present in fish oil, effectively suppress food allergy in mice via induction of regulatory T-cells which was confirmed in an adaptive transfer study. (uu.nl)
With a critical need to expedite the discovery of PTMomics in diabetic retinas, we identified both global changes in protein levels and the retinal O-glycoproteome of control and diabetic mice. (bvsalud.org)

In in vitro studies we have shown that n-3 LCPUFA also enhance epithelial barrier integrity and suppress the release of inflammatory mediators by mast cells. (uu.nl)

Overexpression and changes in sub- and inter-cellular localization of galectin-3 are commonly seen in cancerous conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-3 can be either an inhibitory or a promoting apoptotic depending on its sub-cellular localization. (wikipedia.org)
While recent advances in the field have identified major cellular signaling contributing to DR pathogenesis, little has been reported on the protein post-translational modifications (PTM) - known to define protein localization, function, and activity - in the diabetic retina overall. (bvsalud.org)
We highlight alterations in global proteins involved in metabolic processes, maintaining cellular structure, trafficking, and neuronal processes. (bvsalud.org)
In cellular environment protein abundance and half-life are determined by ubiquitin-proteasomal system. (lu.se)

In addition, mitochondria harbour many damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate a variety of inflammatory signalling pathways [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
The process is highly regulated by multiple signaling pathways and orchestrated by more than 30 autophagy-related (Atgs) proteins organized in several functional units ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
As such, galectin-9 and regulatory pathways controlling its production should be considered as key targets for immunotherapy in a large number of cancers. (bmj.com)

Sohmer provided an update on Abbott Diagnostics' resubmission of an automated ARCHITECT Galectin-3 assay to the FDA for 510(k) clearance, noting that this was on track to be completed by year end. (genomeweb.com)

2017 ) Galectin-3 is a non-classic RNA binding protein that stabilizes the mucin MUC4 mRNA in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. (academictree.org)

We then reduced the levels of galectin-3 expression using siRNA or pharmacologically targeting galectin-3 activity using bis-(3-deoxy-3-(3-fluorophenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-sulfane. (lu.se)
A positive correlation between PKM2 and galectin-9 expression is observed in HNSCC tissues. (researchsquare.com)
Finally, the induction of galectin-9 expression by PKM2 can be affected by a lactate transporter inhibitor. (researchsquare.com)
Importantly, both the diffusion and trafficking properties of KRas G12D remain invariant over a broad range of protein expression levels. (elifesciences.org)
In the present study, five proteins highly expressed in pancreatic islets with no expression in the surrounding exocrine glandular cells of pancreas, and one protein with the opposite expression pattern, were identified by searches in the Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org). (nih.gov)
The proteins were analyzed immunohistochemically on a specially designed tissue microarray, containing isolated human islets and pancreatic tissues with different characteristics, and compared to the expression of previously known markers of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells. (nih.gov)
We found that a number of Tfh cells downmodulated BCL6 protein after their development, and we sought to compare the gene expression between BCL6-hi Tfh cells and BCL6-low Tfh cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P) and accompanying liver gene expression were increased. (cdc.gov)
We provide evidence that diabetes shifts both global expression levels and O-glycosylation of metabolic and synaptic proteins in the retina. (bvsalud.org)

[ 3 ] This abnormality is found in occult carcinoma in situ lesions as well as more advanced disease. (medscape.com)

Therefore, we investigated whether galectin-3 is involved in the microglia activation. (lu.se)
Therefore, we investigated whether galectin-3 is involved in the microglia activation triggered by α-synuclein. (lu.se)

Furthermore, Atgs proteins have non-autophagic functions essential for innate immunity against bacteria (Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Protein glycosylation is the enzymatic addition of carbohydrates to proteins, which can influence many protein attributes including folding, stability, function, and subcellular localization. (bvsalud.org)
We then showed changes in O-linked glycosylation of individual proteins in the diabetic retina. (bvsalud.org)

Galectin-3 mediates with the alpha-3, beta-1 integrin the stimulation by cspg4 of endothelial cells migration. (prospecbio.com)
In normal human, murine, and rat cells galectin-3 levels are low. (wikipedia.org)
Across the concentration range of 50, 100, and 200 nM, and time range of 4, 12, and 18 hours, commercial galectin-9 does not increase the caspase activity relative to untreated cells. (emerging-researchers.org)
Also beta-2-microglobulin and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 were expressed in a majority of islet cells, whereas sad1/unc-84 domain-containing protein 1 and beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 were positive in a smaller subset of islet cells. (nih.gov)
The potential exocrine marker galectin-2 was expressed in both exocrine acinary cells and pancreatic ductal cells, with no or low positivity in islet cells. (nih.gov)

Recent evidence demonstrated that galectin-9 is highly expressed in a wide range of human malignancies including the most aggressive tumors, such as high-grade glioblastomas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, as well as common malignancies such as breast, lung and colorectal cancers. (bmj.com)

At concentrations greater than 1 ug/ml, Galectin-3 significantly enhanced migration of PBMCs compared to control. (enquirebio.com)

The goal of this project was to investigate the effects of galectin-9 and resolve the role of TIM3. (emerging-researchers.org)
Conclusion Our results underline a crucial role of galectin-9 in anticancer immune evasion. (bmj.com)
detrimental role of Galectin-3 in hypoperfusion-induced retinal degeneration. (lu.se)

Anatomy7

Organisms10

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Lgals34

Family of carbohydrate binding3

Lectin family1

Inflammation7

Recombinant2

Beta-galactoside-binding2

Induce6

Ligand3

Tumor9

Metastasis2

GAL32

Affinity for beta-galactosides2

Binds3

Potential therapeutic target3

Blood proteins1

Soluble1

Squamous cell carc1

Lectins3

Apoptosis3

Macrophage2

Antibody3

Immunosuppression1

Interaction3

Amino acid3

Therapeutic2

Recognition4

Inflammatory protein1

Secretion2

Intracellular3

Regulates2

Involvement1

Receptor4

Fibrosis4

Membrane8

Cytokines1

Humans3

Biological1

Citrus pectin2

Extracellular matrix2

Serum proteins3

Differentially2

Immunoglobulin1

Cell8

Immune cells2

Lymphocytes1

Mice6

Epithelial1

Cellular5

Pathways3

Assay1

Mucin1

Expression9

Carcinoma1

Microglia2

Innate1

Glycosylation2

Cells5

Highly expressed1

Migration1

Role3