• Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. (uams.edu)
  • With the GeoVax vaccine a variety of HIV proteins (both surface and internal) are expressed from genes which include the Env, Pol and Gag genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infection leads to injection of the virus nucleoprotein core (consisting of many gag-derived proteins, full-length genomic RNA, and the reverse transcriptase protein). (ukessays.com)
  • Unspliced full-length mRNA can give rise to gag-pol proteins. (ukessays.com)
  • Full-length genomic unspliced mRNA is bound by gag-derived proteins and incorporated into the budding particle. (ukessays.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Mucosal Immunization with Newcastle Disease Virus Vector Coexpressing HIV-1 Env and Gag Proteins Elicits Potent Serum, Mucosal, and Cellular Immune Responses That Protect against Vaccinia Virus Env and Gag Challenges. (duke.edu)
  • Both gp160 and Gag proteins were expressed at high levels in cell culture, with gp160 found to be incorporated into the envelope of NDV. (duke.edu)
  • The Gag and Env proteins expressed by all the recombinants except rNDV-Env-Gag self-assembled into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virus-like particles (VLPs). (duke.edu)
  • In this study, we showed that coexpression of Env and Gag proteins of HIV-1 performed using a single Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector led to the formation of HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs). (duke.edu)
  • These results suggest that the use of a single NDV expressing Env and Gag proteins simultaneously is a novel strategy to develop a safe and effective vaccine against HIV. (duke.edu)
  • gag gene codes for structural proteins which forms the 'body' of the viral particle, among other proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • Pol gene on the other hand codes for three essential enzymes which are Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Integrase (IN) and Protease (PR), among other proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • env gene codes for viral envelop proteins. (proteopedia.org)
  • The specificity towards RNA packaging requires higher order interactions of the retroviral gRNA with the structural Gag proteins. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Immunocytochemical analysis of HIV-1 proteins demonstrated that equal numbers of cells were infected and that equal amounts of intracellular HIV-1 Env and Gag proteins were produced throughout the culture period. (biu.ac.il)
  • During retrovirus particle maturation, the assembled Gag polyprotein is cleaved by the viral protease into matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A mutant of Mo-MuSV strain 124 (designated MuSV ts110) is temperature-sensitive (ts) for transformation and encodes two proteins, P85('gag-mos) (an 85,000 M(,r) protein encoded by the gag and mos genes) and P58('gag), at the permissive temperature (28(DEGREES)C). At the nonpermissive temperature (39(DEGREES)C), only P58('gag) is found in MuSV ts110-infected NRK cells (6m2 cells). (tmc.edu)
  • Both P85('gag-mos) and P58('gag) were phosphorylated when anti-gag immune complexes containing these proteins were incubated at 22(DEGREES)C with (lamda)-('32)P -ATP and MnCl(,2). (tmc.edu)
  • Title: Differential gene expression and immunolocalization of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins between experimental nonunions and standard healing fractures. (genscript.com)
  • ABSTRACT The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harbouring the blaKPC gene that encodes for carbapenemase production have complicated the management of patient infections. (who.int)
  • RÉSUMÉ L'émergence et la propagation rapide des souches de Klebsiella pneumoniae résistantes aux antibiotiques et porteuses du gène blaKPC codant la production de carbapénèmases ont compliqué la prise en charge des infections des patients. (who.int)
  • The retroviral promoter can direct high-level, efficient expression of genes encoded within the viral capsid of its genome using chromatin. (ukessays.com)
  • HIV genome contains three main genes: gag, pol, and env. (proteopedia.org)
  • The genome products (red circle) that require protease to process. (proteopedia.org)
  • Xq28 appears to be an unstable region of the human genome and genomic rearrangements are recognised as major causes of two single gene defects, haemophilia A and incontinentia pigmenti, which map within Xq28. (bmj.com)
  • Gag is a polyprotein and is an acronym for Group Antigens (ag). (ukessays.com)
  • The capsid domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag polyprotein is a critical determinant of virus assembly, and is therefore a potential target for developing drugs for AIDS therapy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Experiments with laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated that NYAD-1 penetrated cells and colocalized with the Gag polyprotein during its trafficking to the plasma membrane where virus assembly takes place. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, we defined the MHC class II alleles for immunodominant Gag CD4 + T cell epitopes in clade C virus infection, constructed MHC class II tetramers, and then used these to define the magnitude, function, and relation to the viral load of HIV-specific CD4 + T cell responses in a cohort of untreated HIV clade C-infected persons. (nih.gov)
  • These data identify an association between HIV-specific CD4 + T cell targeting of immunodominant Gag epitopes and immune control, particularly the contribution of a single class II MHC-peptide complex to the immune response against HIV-1 infection. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we employed MHC class II tetramers designed to immunodominant Gag epitopes and used them to characterize CD4 + T cell responses in HIV-1 clade C infection. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the changes in virus-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses occurring after vaccination of 16 HIV-1-infected individuals with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara-vectored vaccine expressing the consensus HIV-1 clade A Gag p24/p17 sequences and multiple CD8(+) T-cell epitopes during highly active antiretroviral therapy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Both vaccines, expressing HIV-1 subtype A gag p24/p17 and a string of CD8 T-cell epitopes (HIVA), were generally safe and well-tolerated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. (uams.edu)
  • These genes overlap so they encode a protease that processes the resulting transcript into functional gene products. (wikipedia.org)
  • Crystal Structures of Highly Constrained Substrate and Hydrolysis Products Bound to HIV-1 Protease. (proteopedia.org)
  • Antibodies to the polymerase (POL) gene products (p31, p51, and p66) are also commonly detected if these antigens are present on the Western blot strips. (cdc.gov)
  • Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)
  • gag is short for group-specific antigen. (uams.edu)
  • Antibodies to the HIV-1 major group-specific antigen (GAG) protein p24, and its precursor p55, are the earliest detected after infection by Western blot and tend to decrease or become undetectable with onset or progression of clinical symptoms (4-9). (cdc.gov)
  • Translated partial amino acid sequence of pln A gene in MCC4246 displayed 48 amino acid sequences showing 100% similarity with plantaricin A of Lactobacillus plantarum (WP_0036419). (researchsquare.com)
  • Nucleotide sequencing of the gag gene and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis were used to investigate the relationships among sequences from the surgeon, the patient, and an anonymous blood donor from whom the patient had received blood products. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The viral gene sequences identified in CFS patients clustered with sequences from PC and both sequences were virtually identical. (phoenixrising.me)
  • Based on the results of phylogenetic similarity of 16SrDNA gene sequences, strain DB17 was identified to be Pseudomonas putida. (omicsonline.org)
  • The following Igfbp5 gene cDNA ORF clone sequences were retrieved from the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq). (genscript.com)
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 12 of 14 hemophiliac patients who had been exposed to a single common batch of factor VIII had closely related gag gene sequences. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, late viral escape from a narrowly directed immunodominant Gag-specific CD8(+) T-lymphocyte (CTL) response has been linked to AIDS progression in these individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The presence of prolines in the flanking region of an immunodominant HIV-2 gag epitope influences the quality and quantity of the epitope generated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In a study of 114 epidemiologically linked Zambian transmission pairs, we evaluated the impact of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I)-associated amino acid polymorphisms, presumed to reflect cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape in Gag and Nef of the virus transmitted from the chronically infected donor, on the plasma viral load (VL) in matched recipients 6 mo after infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Escape from the dominant HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in Gag is associated with a dramatic reduction in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Superior antigen processing and enhanced presentation may account for the link between infection with HIV-2 encoding the "PPP-gag" sequence and both strong gag-specific CTL responses as well as lower viral load. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Between the long terminal repeats there are genes that can be transcribed equivalent to retrovirus genes gag and pol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pol gene products include enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and ribonuclease H domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transmission of HIV-1 Gag immune escape mutations is associated with reduced viral load in linked recipients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Previously, we showed that the magnitude of the HIV-2 gag-specific T-cell response is inversely correlated with plasma viral load, particularly when responses are directed against an epitope, 165 DRFYKSLRA173 , within the highly conserved Major Homology Region of gag-p26. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We also showed that the presence of three proline residues, at positions 119, 159 and 178 of gag-p26, was significantly correlated with low viral load. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The vaccine works with a combined DNA vaccine and MVA (modified vaccinia Ankara) vaccine both of which lead to the insertion of genes into primate DNA which leads to foreign protein expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag were also more efficient in inducing cellular as well as protective immune responses to challenge with vaccinia viruses expressing HIV-1 Env and Gag in mice. (duke.edu)
  • Expansion and diversification of virus-specific T cells following immunization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara/HIV-1 Gag vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The R(264)K variant was impaired in generating late reverse transcription products, indicating that replication was blocked at a postentry step. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Gag and Pol are made as either Gag protein or a Gag-Pol precursor. (ukessays.com)
  • Central to both Gag protein arrangements is the capsid (CA) protein, a domain of PrGag, which is cleaved from the precursor to yield a mature Gag protein composed of an N-terminal domain (NTD), a flexible linker region, and a C-terminal domain (CTD). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Collectively, our results indicate that the proteolytic cleavage of Gag leads to a structural reorganization of the polypeptide and creates the three-fold interhexamer interface, important for the formation of infectious HIV-1 particles. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At the same time, however, an enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these specific interactions makes retroviruses an attractive target for anti-viral drugs, vaccines, and vectors for human gene therapy. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • 3662\492\CAB56205.1\Abelson murine leukemia virus\Abelson (P160) murine leukemia virus (Ab-MLV) abl gene. (or.jp)
  • We have used electron microscope (EM) image reconstruction techniques to examine assembly products formed by two different CA variants of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV). (elsevierpure.com)
  • citation needed] GeoVax is currently conducting multiple site Phase 2 Human clinical trials for HIV/AIDS preventive vaccine products following successful completion of multiple Phase 1 human clinical trials. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evaluation of efficacy of Salmonella Dublin-Typhimurium vaccine, double gene deleted avirulent live culture in calves. (biosafety.be)
  • However, in individuals with MPS, the body lacks specific enzymes necessary to break down GAGs, leading to their accumulation and subsequent damage to various tissues and organs. (cbinsights.com)
  • Mutations in specific genes responsible for producing the enzymes required to break down GAGs result in their deficiency or malfunction. (cbinsights.com)
  • A serine kinase activity has been found to be associated with mos gene products of several isolates of Mo-MuSV. (tmc.edu)
  • This study in a tertiary care hospital in Egypt used real-time PCR assay to test ertapenem-nonsusceptible isolates of K. pneumoniae for the presence of the blaKPC gene and compared the results with modified Hodge test. (who.int)
  • The blaKPC gene was confirmed in 14/20 (70.0%) of these isolates. (who.int)
  • CTL escape mutations in Gag and Nef were seen in the donors, which were subsequently transmitted to recipients, largely unchanged soon after infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We observed a significant correlation between the number of Gag escape mutations targeted by specific HLA-B allele-restricted CTLs and reduced VLs in the recipients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This negative correlation was most evident in newly infected individuals, whose HLA alleles were unable to effectively target Gag and select for CTL escape mutations in this gene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Retroviruses have various characteristics that make them unique as gene delivery vehicles. (ukessays.com)
  • The phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE finger containing ( PIKFYVE ) gene has been identified as a gene responsible for fleck corneal dystrophy (FCD). (molvis.org)
  • In this study, we report a case of FCD bearing a heterozygous flame-shift mutation within the phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE finger containing ( PIKFYVE ) gene. (molvis.org)
  • The kinase detected in anti-gag complexes from 6m2 cells at permissive temperature was associated with P85('gag-mos) since immune complexes from 39(DEGREES)C 6m2 cells, which lack P85('gag-mos), produced no phosphorylated P58('gag) molecules. (tmc.edu)
  • No kinase activity was detectable with other gag gene products (e.g. (tmc.edu)
  • Mo-MuSV-124 P62('gag)), suggesting that the P85('gag-mos) kinase activity was present within the mos portion of the protein. (tmc.edu)
  • The P85('gag-mos) kinase activity was very thermolabile upon shifting 6m2 cells from permissive to nonpermissive temperatures (t(, 1/2) for inactivation = 5 min). (tmc.edu)
  • In contrast, a spontaneous revertant of MuSV ts110 encodes a larger gag-mos protein (termed P100('gag-mos)) which contained a kinase activity stable to 39(DEGREES)C. Using the optimal conditions developed for the P85('gag-mos) kinase, Mo-MuSV-encoded p37('mos) was also found to be associated with a serine kinase activity. (tmc.edu)
  • This inhibitory action by antibodies to the C-terminus of p37('mos), when considered with all the other data reported here, provides convincing evidence that the v-mos gene encodes a serine protein kinase activity. (tmc.edu)
  • BACKGROUND: Fitness costs and slower disease progression are associated with a cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutation T242N in Gag in HIV-1-infected individuals carrying HLA-B*57/5801 alleles. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These findings are consistent with HLA class I alleles mediating effective immune control of HIV through the number of p24 Gag-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses generated that can drive significant selection pressure on the virus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is becoming clear that vectors based upon adeno-associated virus (AAV) are the vectors of choice for certain gene therapy applications such as muscle delivery. (justia.com)
  • UNLABELLED: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) avirulent strain LaSota was used to coexpress gp160 Env and p55 Gag from a single vector to enhance both Env-specific and Gag-specific immune responses. (duke.edu)
  • Immunization of guinea pigs by the intranasal route with these rNDVs produced long-lasting Env- and Gag-specific humoral immune responses. (duke.edu)
  • The Env-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses and Gag-specific humoral immune responses were higher in rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag than in the other recombinants. (duke.edu)
  • Thus, broad Gag-specific CTL responses capable of driving virus escape in the donor may be of clinical benefit to both the donor and recipient. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Since this proline motif was also associated with stronger gag-specific CTL responses, we investigated the impact of these prolines on proteasomal processing of the protective 165 DRFYKSLRA173 epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition to having a role in the suppression of genomic transposons, various roles of piRNAs have been recently reported like regulation of 3' UTR of protein-coding genes via RNAi, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance to convey a memory of past transposon activity, and RNA-induced epigenetic silencing. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results suggest that vaccination with a single rNDV coexpressing Env and Gag represents a promising strategy to enhance immunogenicity and protective efficacy against HIV. (duke.edu)
  • DNA transposons encode a transposase which, when translated, catalyses the excision of the transposase gene and its flanking region and its insertion into a different genomic location: a 'jumping' DNA element. (wikipedia.org)
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Methods: This case-control study conducted in Srinagar, Kashmir (North India) between 2013 and 2015 was designed to evaluate risk induced due to MTH-FR 677C>T gene polymorphisms to contribute in susceptibility for migraine in Kashmir population (North India). (scirp.org)
  • The T cells diminished their reactivity to each epitope after stimulation but sequentially killed targets that presented the gag epitope and then targets that presented the nef epitope, or vice versa. (nih.gov)
  • Gag gene products associate with other retrotransposon transcripts to form virus-like particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results from crosslinking analyses of mature and immature HIV-1 particles containing the same Cys substitutions in the Gag protein are consistent with these findings. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is thought that staying in eukaryotic genomes for such long periods gave rise to special insertion methods that do not affect eukaryotic gene function drastically. (wikipedia.org)
  • Duplication of one or several of the genes within the 650 kb interval is likely to be responsible for the mental retardation phenotype seen in our patient. (bmj.com)
  • 1, 2 To date, four genes responsible for non-syndromic X linked mental retardation have been identified using this method. (bmj.com)
  • Because Gag interactions have proven difficult to examine in virions, a number of investigations have focused on the analysis of structures assembled in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 18- 21 Xq28 is a highly gene rich region of the human X chromosome and we focused on the X chromosome breakpoint as the identification of a disrupted gene here would be a rapid way to identify a further candidate gene for X linked mental retardation within Xq28. (bmj.com)
  • The cornea is one of the most transparent and non-vascularized tissues in the human body, and several active genes [ 1 , 2 ] are thought to be involved in maintaining the homeostasis of the cornea. (molvis.org)
  • The attitude towards unacceptance of food products containing some of the artificial preservatives has increased due to growing awareness of its ill-effect on human and animal health. (researchsquare.com)
  • An HLA-A2-restricted gag-specific TCR and an HLA-B13-restricted nef-specific TCR were chosen. (nih.gov)
  • Microwells are coated with a monoclonal antibody specific for the p27 gag gene product of SIV. (gentaur.nl)
  • Gag-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell proliferation also increased postvaccination. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Discover which therapies are expected to grab the major mucopolysaccharidosis market share @ Mucopolysaccharidosis Market Report Mucopolysaccharidosis Overview Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) refers to a group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) within cells throughout the body. (cbinsights.com)
  • This duplicated region contains 11 characterised genes, of which nine are expressed in brain. (bmj.com)
  • 12- 17 However, there is still further allelic heterogeneity within this region as there are additional XLMR families published that map to Xq28 with a significant lod score but do not have abnormalities in any of these genes. (bmj.com)
  • However, epidemiologic relationships inferred from analysis of the V3 region of the env gene were less conclusive, especially when the V3 loop was taken in isolation. (ox.ac.uk)