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Angiography, Digital SubtractionGadoliniumSubtraction TechniqueGadolinium DTPAMagnetic Resonance AngiographyCerebral AngiographyAngiographyContrast MediaIntracranial AneurysmCoronary AngiographyImaging, Three-DimensionalRadiographic Image EnhancementIntracranial Arteriovenous MalformationsTomography, X-Ray ComputedSensitivity and SpecificityEmbolization, TherapeuticCarotid Artery, InternalMagnetic Resonance ImagingImage Processing, Computer-AssistedAneurysm, RupturedCentral Nervous System Vascular MalformationsReproducibility of ResultsIohexolArterial Occlusive DiseasesCarotid StenosisSubarachnoid HemorrhageTomography, Spiral ComputedOrganometallic CompoundsCerebral VeinsImage EnhancementObserver VariationSalivary Gland CalculiFluorescein AngiographyPredictive Value of TestsNephrogenic Fibrosing DermopathyIopamidolUltrasonography, Doppler, DuplexConstriction, PathologicUltrasonography, Doppler, ColorRadiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedRadiography, Dental, DigitalArtifactsArteriovenous MalformationsCerebral ArteriesVertebrobasilar InsufficiencyX-Ray Intensifying ScreensMagnetic Resonance Imaging, CineTriiodobenzoic AcidsCarotid Artery DiseasesProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesAnterior Cerebral ArteryMeglumineCarotid-Cavernous Sinus FistulaVertebral ArteryTreatment OutcomeTibial ArteriesSurgical InstrumentsCranial SinusesVasospasm, IntracranialCerebrovascular DisordersBasilar ArteryRadiography, InterventionalUltrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialInjections, Intra-ArterialArteriovenous FistulaAneurysmPhantoms, ImagingSialographyFeasibility StudiesMyelographyRenal ArteryCerebrovascular CirculationTime FactorsFollow-Up StudiesCircle of WillisCerebral RevascularizationIothalamate MeglumineCarotid ArteriesIntracranial ArteriosclerosisNeurosurgical ProceduresSalivary Gland DiseasesRadiation DosageHeterocyclic CompoundsBlood Flow VelocityRadiography, BitewingCarotid Artery, ExternalSeverity of Illness IndexMoyamoya DiseaseRadionuclide AngiographyVascular PatencyStentsCollateral CirculationImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedAortographyUltrasonographyMetalloporphyrinsRenal Artery ObstructionAngioplasty, BalloonSialadenitis

MagneticPost gadoliniumConventionalScintigraphyRenal arteriesOcclusionChelateInternal carotiAneurysmsCoronaryArterialCommonlyIntracranialSubsequentContrast-enhancedSevereAssessmentAcuteStructuresImagingAgentsPatientsCasesMagnetic resonance aVenographyRenalPerfusionUpper extremityBlood vesselsVascularPercutaneousNephrogenic systemicClinicalAllergicContrast mediaDiagnosticEvaluationUnlikeTissuesSequencesPhasePatientsImagesRadiologicalApplicationsTechniquesTimeBrainComplete

Magnetic15

• Radiologic modalities used for assessment include lung scintigraphy, digital subtraction pulmonary angiography (DSPA), pulmonary computed tomography angiography (PCTA), and pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography (PMRA). (medscape.com)
• In the absence of any widely accepted policy for dealing with patients with prior contrast reactions (especially to gadolinium-based media) and the need for subsequent exposure to magnetic resonance (MR) agents, it does seem prudent to at least take precautions in a patient who previously had a reaction to GBCM. (mrisafety.com)
• More detailed anatomic information from duplex imaging, computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography, is usually unnecessary unless endovascular or surgical intervention is being considered, or if abdominal aortic aneurysm or popliteal aneurysm need to be excluded. (racgp.org.au)
• Both computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provide good sensitivity and specificity compared to digital subtraction catheter angiography (DSA), although CTA can be more problematic with heavily calcified arteries and MRA does not show calcification, 14 which might be important information when interventions are being planned. (racgp.org.au)
• Renal function should be assessed before CTA or MRA are performed, due to issues around contrast nephropathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, which has been associated with exposure to gadolinium based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. (racgp.org.au)
• Newer imaging modalities for diagnosis have since emerged, which consist of magnetic resonance angiography and, more recently, computed tomography angiography. (intechopen.com)
• This chapter will discuss the pertinent imaging modalities: duplex ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and the gold standard, conventional angiography. (intechopen.com)
• Diagnosis is by imaging tests (eg, CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography). (msdmanuals.com)
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed the left internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, the right vertebral artery (VA) occlusion, and the left VA stenosis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
• Therefore, we reviewed the data of MRA performed 3 months ago and noted no lesions in the ICA and VA. T1 black-blood post-gadolinium imaging sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed vessel wall enhancement in the bilateral VA, left ICA, and bilateral superficial temporal artery. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
• In this article, we will review the expected anatomic locations of paragangliomas and their general imaging appearance on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR), as well as CT and MR angiography. (springeropen.com)
• However, computed tomography angiography (CTA) or dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is often necessary for treatment planning. (springer.com)
• An artery occlusion may be missed with magnetic resonance imaging if magnetic resonance angiography is not performed. (springer.com)
• Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are routinely utilized nowadays in clinical practice. (hindawi.com)
• Currently, the conventional lumenography-based neuroimaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), are commonly used in the routine clinical practice to detect ICAS. (j-stroke.org)

Post gadolinium2

• Subsequent MRI of the previous CT with the following sequences: axial T1 post gadolinium adminsitration and axial T2 sequences. (medscape.com)
• Intracranial GCA is characterized by rapidly progressive vascular lesions in the bilateral ICA and VA. In addition, T1 black-blood post-gadolinium imaging sequence MRI may lead to early diagnosis and treatment. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Conventional4

• However, because of the risk of NSF following gadolinium-based contrast material administration, especially in patients with acute renal failure or severe chronic kidney disease, and because of the unknown nephrotoxicity of high doses of gadolinium agents, use of these contrast media for conventional angiography is no longer recommended. (mrisafety.com)
• In the past, the cornerstones for diagnosis consisted of contrast, or conventional, angiography and duplex ultrasonography. (intechopen.com)
• Currently, diagnosis is based on CT venography and MRI including MRA and conventional digital subtraction angiography. (drugbank.com)
• These features suggest that CEUS may be useful to supplement or even replace MRI or conventional angiography in some instances. (biomedcentral.com)

Scintigraphy1

• Ultrasonography (US), CT, MRI, cholangiography, angiography and scintigraphy are the most common radiological modalities used to evaluate the hepatic graft. (medscape.com)

Renal arteries1

• Caution should be used in extrapolating the lack of nephrotoxicity of intravenous (IV) gadolinium at MR dosages to its use for angiographic procedures, including direct injection into the renal arteries. (mrisafety.com)

Occlusion5

• To evaluate the stability of aneurysm occlusion at follow-up angiography after endovascular treatment (EVT) with detachable coils in intracranial berry aneurysms. (rsna.org)
• Of the 169 cases, last follow-up angiography showed total occlusion in 133 cases, subtotal in 30, and incomplete in six. (rsna.org)
• A very small recurrence may be observed at the level of the neck of the aneurysm at long-term follow-up angiography despite achieving total occlusion initially with detachable coils. (rsna.org)
• Contrast-enhanced MRA using a gadolinium MR agent offers improved visualization in areas of high-grade stenosis where TOF MRA may falsely indicate a short-segment occlusion. (medscape.com)
• Subsequent angiography confirmed occlusion at the hepatic arterial anastomosis. (medscape.com)

Chelate1

• Fatal reactions to gadolinium chelate agents occur but are extremely rare. (mrisafety.com)

Internal caroti1

• OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of followings for patients with moyamoya disease (MMD): arterial wall enhancement on vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI), cross-sectional area (CSA), time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA), age, locations from intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) to proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA), disease progression, and transient ischemic attack (TIA). (bvsalud.org)

Aneurysms2

• MR angiography with ultrashort echo time in cerebral aneurysms treated with Guglielmi detachable coils. (nih.gov)
• MR angiography of saccular aneurysms after treatment with Guglielmi detachable coils: preliminary experience. (nih.gov)

Coronary1

• Prevalence of coronary artery disease evaluated by coronary CT angiography in women with mammographically detected breast arterial calcifications. (ucla.edu)

Arterial1

• Digital subtraction pulmonary angiogram shows splaying of the arterial branches of the right upper lobe and relative oligemia, which are consistent with emphysema (same patient as in the previous image). (medscape.com)

Commonly1

• Carotid CT angiography (CTA) is a commonly performed imaging study in stroke centers. (medscape.com)

Intracranial1

• Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is still considered the gold standard among the currently used imaging methods for the diagnosis of an intracranial aneurysm. (hindawi.com)

Subsequent1

• All patients were controlled by angiography and MR imaging at 3 months, 1 year, and subsequent yearly examinations post-treatment. (ajnr.org)

Contrast-enhanced1

• MR with gadolinium has been used instead of contrast-enhanced CT in those at risk for developing worsening renal failure if exposed to iodinated contrast media. (mrisafety.com)

Severe3

• Gadolinium chelates administered to patients with acute renal failure or severe chronic kidney disease can result in a syndrome of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). (mrisafety.com)
• Second reactions to gadolinium-based media (GBCM) can be more severe than the first. (mrisafety.com)
• However, in view of the risk of NSF in patients with severe renal dysfunction, this practice should only be considered after reviewing the recommendations for use of gadolinium-based contrast in this group of patients. (mrisafety.com)

Assessment1

• No assessment of gadolinium versus iodinated contrast nephrotoxicity by randomized studies of equally attenuating doses is currently available. (mrisafety.com)

Acute1

• The frequency of acute adverse reactions to gadolinium contrast media is about 8 times higher in patients with a previous reaction to gadolinium-based contrast media. (mrisafety.com)

Structures1

• In each case, the images created may be modified by computer to better visualize the structures as is in the case with digital subtraction angiography, CT and MRI, or the display of the images improved with virtual reality or augmented reality presentation. (wikipedia.org)

Imaging4

• Angiography: Imaging the blood vessels to look for abnormalities with the use of various contrast media, including iodinated contrast, gadolinium based agents, and CO2 gas. (wikipedia.org)
• Gadolinium agents are considered to have no nephrotoxicity at approved dosages for MR imaging. (mrisafety.com)
• Digital subtraction angiography is considered the imaging method of choice. (hindawi.com)
• The mDIXON XD methods provides robust fat-free, high SNR imaging and significant time savings in MR angiography (MRA). (philips.jo)

Agents2

• Gadolinium agents are radiodense and can be used for opacification in CT and angiographic examinations instead of iodinated radiographic contrast media. (mrisafety.com)
• Initially, radiographic use of high doses of gadolinium agents was proposed as an alternative to nephrotoxic iodinated contrast media in patients with renal insufficiency. (mrisafety.com)

Patients1

• Gadolinium chelates are extremely well tolerated by the vast majority of patients in whom they are injected. (mrisafety.com)

Cases1

• Follow-up angiography at least 3 months later was performed in 169 cases. (rsna.org)

Magnetic resonance a9

• Radiologic modalities used for assessment include lung scintigraphy, digital subtraction pulmonary angiography (DSPA), pulmonary computed tomography angiography (PCTA), and pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography (PMRA). (medscape.com)
• Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) is a non-invasive diagnostic test that is an application of MRI. (cms.gov)
• Diagnosis is by imaging tests (eg, CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography). (msdmanuals.com)
• Noninvasive tests frequently used to diagnose arterial insufficiency include calculation of the ankle-brachial index (ABI), ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). (medscape.com)
• Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted low-signal intensity target-like mass lesion on left sylvian fissure, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed aneurysm on left middle cerebral artery bifurcation (MCBF), suggested thrombosed aneurysm. (the-jcen.org)
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of brain were performed for evaluation of intracranial lesion. (the-jcen.org)
• Diagnostic guidelines for initial imaging for fibromuscular dysplasia are available from the American College of Radiology (ACR) and note that CT angiography (CTA) with IV contrast, magnetic resonance angiography with and without IV contrast, and arteriography are usually appropriate for initial imaging, and duplex Doppler ultrasonography and intravascular ultrasonography may be appropriate. (medscape.com)
• The diagnostic and prognostic information available from captopril renography and the increasing availability of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) have reduced the use of renal arteriography as a diagnostic tool, except in evaluating kidneys with intrarenal branch-artery stenoses and those with complex vascular anatomy, including multiple accessory arteries. (medscape.com)
• magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to evaluate adults with known or suspected renal or aorto-ilio-femoral occlusive vascular disease. (nih.gov)

Venography1

• 15. Evaluation of the intracranial dural sinuses with a 3D contrast-enhanced MP-RAGE sequence: prospective comparison with 2D-TOF MR venography and digital subtraction angiography. (nih.gov)

Renal11

• 1999) Gadolinium-based contrast agents as an alternative at vena cavography in patients with renal insufficiency-early experience. (medscape.com)
• 2002) Gadolinium as an alternative contrast agent for diagnostic and interventional angiographic procedures in patients with impaired renal function. (medscape.com)
• 1991) Renal lesion characterization with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging: efficacy and safety in patients with renal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
• 2000) Lower extremity arteriography with use of iodinated contrast material or gadodiamide to supplement CO 2 angiography in patients with renal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
• 1999) Renal insufficiency: usefulness of gadodiamide-enhanced renal angiography to supplement CO 2 -enhanced renal angiography for diagnosis and percutaneous treatment. (medscape.com)
• 2000) Safety of intravenous gadolinium (Gd-BOPTA) infusion in patients with renal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
• 2006) The safety of gadolinium in patients with stage 3 and 4 renal failure. (medscape.com)
• Thrombosis may occur in a renal artery spontaneously or after trauma, surgery, angiography, or angioplasty. (msdmanuals.com)
• This review focuses on the technical basics and clinical applications of MR angiography (MRA) with the goal of enabling readers to acquire high-resolution, high quality renal artery MRA. (biomedcentral.com)
• Its benefits compared to the clinical gold-standard method, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), are well-known and widely discussed: a lack of ionizing radiation, non-invasiveness, and no reliance on iodinated contrast agents, the latter being particularly important in patients with impaired renal function. (biomedcentral.com)
• An overview of the impact of field strength, parallel imaging, and dynamic imaging techniques as well as the use of improved gadolinium chelates on renal MRA will be provided in this review. (biomedcentral.com)

Perfusion3

• B, A capillary phase image of angiography shows prominent slow leptomeningeal collaterals on the frontoparietal cortex (zone of grade 1 perfusion deficit, small arrows) and a small zone with no collaterals on the insula (zone of grade 0 perfusion deficits, large arrow). (jamanetwork.com)
• Capabilities of MR extend far beyond those basics, into fast acquisition sequences, perfusion and diffusion imaging, MR angiography (MRA), tractography, spectroscopy, and a host of other useful or potentially useful clinical applications. (radiologykey.com)
• In this second of two MR chapters, advanced pulse sequences and fast image acquisition methods, methods for perfusion, diffusion, and angiography imaging, spectroscopy, image quality metrics, common artifacts, MR siting, as well as MR safety issues are described and discussed with respect to the underlying physics. (radiologykey.com)

Upper extremity2

• 2002) Gadodiamide as an alternative contrast agent in intravenous digital subtraction angiography and interventional procedures of the upper extremity veins. (medscape.com)
• Dynamic MR angiography of upper extremity vascular disease: pictorial review. (radiopaedia.org)

Blood vessels2

• Angiography: Imaging the blood vessels to look for abnormalities with the use of various contrast media, including iodinated contrast, gadolinium based agents, and CO2 gas. (wikipedia.org)
• Non-contrast-enhanced MR angiography is a type of MR angiography that does not use gadolinium contrast to image the blood vessels, unlike the contrast enhanced MR angiography . (radiopaedia.org)

Vascular1

• Up to now, spinal angiography remains the gold standard and the first choice for diagnosis and characterization of spinal vascular lesion. (jneuropsychiatry.org)

Percutaneous1

• The benefit of invasive tests, such as contrast angiography or percutaneous catheterization, is that they can be used to accurately document the location and extent of disease should angioplasty, fibrinolytic therapy, or surgical bypass be pursued. (medscape.com)

Nephrogenic systemic1

• The development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and neural tissue deposition is gadolinium dose-dependent. (ajnr.org)

Clinical1

• 2006) Comparative study of the physicochemical properties of six clinical low molecular weight gadolinium contrast agents. (medscape.com)

Allergic1

• MultiHance is contraindicated in patients with known allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to gadolinium-based contrast agents. (nih.gov)

Contrast media2

• Thomsen HS (2004) Gadolinium-based contrast media may be nephrotoxic even at approved doses. (medscape.com)
• 2004) Gadolinium-based contrast media compared with iodinated media for digital subtraction angiography in azotaemic patients. (medscape.com)

Diagnostic3

• 4 Noninvasive angiography techniques such as CTA and MRA are typically used for routine diagnostic procedures. (ajnr.org)
• Diagnostic cerebral angiography showed canalized portion sized 6.8×7.5 mm ( Fig. 2 ). (the-jcen.org)
• The use of newer contrast agents, such as high relaxivity or protein binding Gadolinium (Gd)-chelates, also improves image quality, particularly when combined with SNR gains available at 3 T. These factors have also allowed a reduction in the contrast agent dose necessary to achieve diagnostic image quality. (biomedcentral.com)

Evaluation1

• Digital subtraction angiography remains the criterion standard for evaluation of supra-aortic steno-occlusive disease, with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. (ajnr.org)

Unlike1

• Unlike contrast-enhanced angiography, MRA has no attendant risk of nephropathy caused by contrast agent or cholesterol-emboli syndrome. (medscape.com)

Tissues1

• Gadolinium affects the way in which tissues respond to magnetization, resulting in better visualization of structures when compared to un-enhanced studies. (cms.gov)

Sequences1

• Subsequent MRI of the previous CT with the following sequences: axial T1 post gadolinium adminsitration and axial T2 sequences. (medscape.com)

Phase1

• 3. Li H, Graves M, Shaida N, Prashar A, Lomas D, Priest A. Highly Accelerated Subtractive Femoral Non‐contrast‐enhanced MRA Using Compressed Sensing with K‐space Subtraction, Phase and Intensity Correction. (radiopaedia.org)

Patients1

• Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for NSF among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. (nih.gov)

Images1

• In each case, the images created may be modified by computer to better visualize the structures as is in the case with digital subtraction angiography, CT and MRI, or the display of the images improved with virtual reality or augmented reality presentation. (wikipedia.org)

Radiological1

• Radiological recordings can be saved in digital form in DICOM format. (zxc.wiki)

Applications2

• PMID- 24110225 TI - A high-resolution and one-cycle conversion time-to-digital converter architecture for PET image applications. (nih.gov)
• AB - In this paper, a high-resolution and one-cycle conversion time-to-digital converter (TDC) architecture with cell-based design for positron emission tomography (PET) applications is presented. (nih.gov)

Techniques1

• Generally, these techniques are time-consuming as compared with contrast-enhanced MR angiography . (radiopaedia.org)

Time1

• The addition of gadolinium into the blood (as in contrast-enhanced MR angiography) will reduce the T1 relaxation time, thus increasing the signal of the slow-flowing blood 5 . (radiopaedia.org)

Brain2

• Gadolinium-enhanced brain vessel wall MRI showed enhancement of inner and outer wall layer of aneurysm, suggesting thrombosed aneurysm ( Fig. 1C ). (the-jcen.org)
• Gadolinium is retained for months or years in brain, bone, and other organs. (nih.gov)

Complete1

• C, Complete recanalization of the MCA on angiography after thrombolytic therapy. (jamanetwork.com)