• Exocytosis of secretory or synaptic vesicles is executed by a mechanism including the SNARE (soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Syntaxin-1A is a key protein in ion channel regulation and synaptic exocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (nature.com)
  • To achieve this, the neuronal SNARE (i.e., soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex brings the vesicle and presynaptic membranes in close proximity, thereby, mediating the fusion of the two membranes resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, our results suggest that SNARE complex-mediated exocytosis of serially-organized vesicle pools at ribbon-style active zones is important in the neurotransmission of vision. (tmc.edu)
  • Recently, miRNA exocytosis by vesicle fusion in response to stimulation was observed in chromaffin cells, which are neuroendocrine cells in the sympathetic nervous system ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The primed SNARE-complexin-synaptotagmin complex for neuronal exocytosis. (uchicago.edu)
  • Syntaxins are membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins known to participate in exocytosis. (ommegaonline.org)
  • The acrosome reaction is analogous to regulated exocytosis in somatic cells in that both are initiated by ligand acting at the plasma membrane, both require activation of signaling pathways and ion channels, both are Ca 2+ -dependent and both result in the fusion of the plasma membrane with the membrane of a docked secretory granule (acrosome) [2,9,10] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • Two important pathways were examined in the current study: (1) a basic pathway of exocytosis that brings new proteins to the cell surface and permits the cell to grow, and (2) synaptic transmission, a specialized form of exocytosis, regulated by Ca 2+ entry, in which vesicles already present at synapses fuse with the membrane and recycle locally (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • Vesicle-associated membrane proteins 721 and 722 (VAMP721/722) are secretory vesicle-localized arginine-conserved soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (R-SNAREs) to drive exocytosis in plants. (molcells.org)
  • The SYP121-SNAP33-VAMP721/722 ternary SNARE complex drives an immune exocytosis. (molcells.org)
  • However a recent study has suggested that ribbon synapses involved in hearing can operate independently of neuronal SNAREs. (tmc.edu)
  • Ca++-triggered synchronized release of the neurotransmitter at the synapse, which underlies neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity, requires membrane fusion. (grantome.com)
  • There are several other neuronal proteins that regulate SV fusion by directly or indirectly affecting SNARE complex assembly and its function. (uic.edu)
  • My thesis focuses on understanding the role of three such neuronal proteins: UNC-13 (Uncoordinated), SAX-7 (Sensory Axon Guidance), and VPS-39 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting). (uic.edu)
  • The fusion of neurotransmitter filled vesicles with the presynaptic membrane is the key step in the neuronal signaling cascade and is mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor proteins (SNAREs). (uni-goettingen.de)
  • We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1) as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neuronal loss of the serine-threonine protein kinase Tao , a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, results in supernumerary boutons, each of which contain a normal number of active zones. (sdbonline.org)
  • While many signals are known to drive neuronal outgrowth, it is the assembly and disassembly of cytoskeletal structures embodied within neurite extension and growth cone formation that are essential for establishing appropriate synaptic connections and signal transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signal transmission in neurons is accomplished by neurotransmitter release from the lumen of synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft of synapses where they are received by postsynaptic receptors 1 . (nature.com)
  • Neurons can release small molecule neurotransmitters very rapidly in part because synaptic vesicles are docked to the membrane at active zones. (rupress.org)
  • In addition to synaptic vesicles, neurons also contain secretory vesicles, called dense core vesicles, that release neuropeptides and catecholamines ( Burgoyne and Morgan, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • How do neurons differentially regulate synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle release? (rupress.org)
  • Vesicles at conventional neurons undergo SNARE complex-mediated fusion. (tmc.edu)
  • Using this framework to analyze the SM (Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE ( N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor) system in exocytic membrane fusion in yeast and neurons, we find that the SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We applied the framework to study SM-SNARE-mediated exocytic membrane fusion processes in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neurons generate their polarity by directing membrane traffic to growing neurites and growth cones, and by sorting proteins differentially between the axon and dendrites. (sdbonline.org)
  • The exocyst, like SNARE complexes, may be needed for all fusions at the plasma membrane both in developing and mature neurons, or it may be required only for particular forms of traffic (Murthy, 2003 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)
  • sec5 mutations have been identified and characterized in Drosophila in order to delineate the role of the protein in neurons and particularly at synapses. (sdbonline.org)
  • This protein is required for many aspects of membrane traffic within neurons, including the elaboration of neurites, but the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is independent of this exocyst component (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • Within neurons, multiple pathways are known to transport proteins and transmitters to the cell surface. (sdbonline.org)
  • Although these mice died shortly after birth from respiratory failure (61), their cultured hippocampal neurons showed normal synaptic structure, but reduced transmitter release. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Together with Syntaxin-1A and SNAP25, it forms the core membrane fusion machinery that is responsible for neurotransmitter release and, therefore, signal transmission between neurons. (researchgate.net)
  • Taken together, these results support a role for Tao as a novel inhibitor of BMP signaling in motor neurons during synaptic development and function. (sdbonline.org)
  • 1( small) neurons that live region fusions have consumed restricted. (evakoch.com)
  • Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE [Soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein)-Attachment protein REceptor] domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). (wikipedia.org)
  • Both the CAPS and UNC-13 docking pathways converge on syntaxin, a component of the SNARE (soluble N -ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment receptor) complex. (rupress.org)
  • Another fundamental question underlying the mechanism of vesicle fusion at these synapses is the role of SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor Attachment Protein Receptor) proteins. (tmc.edu)
  • SNARE stands for Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment Protein Receptor. (injectionartistry.com)
  • SNARE (soluble N- ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) assembly is the central event that may drive membrane fusion. (grantome.com)
  • Research over the years have established SNARE (soluble-N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor) complex as the core synaptic vesicle fusion machinery. (uic.edu)
  • Die Fusion von Neurotransmitter gefüllten Vesikeln mit der präsynaptischen Membran ist der Schlüsselschritt in der neuronalen Signaltransduktion und wird durch SNARE- (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor) Proteine vermittelt. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • 2004 ) Regulation of synaptic strength and AMPA receptor subunit composition by PICK1. (neurotree.org)
  • A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • While the general sequence of SNARE complex formation is well-established, our knowledge on possible intermediates and stable off-pathway complexes is incomplete. (nature.com)
  • We, therefore, follow the stepwise assembly of the SNARE complex and target individual SNAREs, binary sub-complexes, the ternary SNARE complex as well as interactions with Complexin-1. (nature.com)
  • In summary, we unravel the stoichiometry of intermediates and off-pathway complexes and compile a road map of SNARE complex assembly including regulation by Complexin-1. (nature.com)
  • The SNARE peptides blocked fusion of reserve vesicles but not vesicles in the rapid and releasable pools, possibly because both rapid and releasable vesicles were associated with preformed SNARE complexes. (tmc.edu)
  • However, an activity-dependent block in refilling of the releasable pool was seen, suggesting that new SNARE complexes must be formed before vesicles can join a fusion-competent pool. (tmc.edu)
  • In this project, conformational changes of SNARE complexes induced by SytI, complexins, and Ca++ are determined using SDSL EPR to gain insights into the structural basis of the synchronized release. (grantome.com)
  • Following membrane fusion SNARE complexes are dissociated by the NSFs (N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FACTORS), in conjunction with SOLUBLE NSF ATTACHMENT PROTEIN, i.e. (uchicago.edu)
  • NSF-mediated disassembly of on- and off-pathway SNARE complexes and inhibition by complexin. (uchicago.edu)
  • New technologies for purifying membrane-bound protein complexes in combination with cryo-electron microscopy (EM) have recently allowed the exploration of such complexes under near-native conditions. (researchgate.net)
  • and the cytosolic proteins N-ethylmalemide sensitive factor (NSF), a trimeric ATPase required for membrane fusion, and the α-β-Y-SNAPs (soluble NSF attachment proteins), which function in binding NSF to the membrane [10,14] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • 2007 ) GISP: a novel brain-specific protein that promotes surface expression and function of GABA(B) receptors. (neurotree.org)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as well as heterotrimeric G proteins are also involved in regulating neurite outgrowth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The SNARE complex assembles from vesicular Synaptobrevin-2 as well as Syntaxin-1 and SNAP25 both anchored to the presynaptic membrane. (nature.com)
  • Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane occurs in the presence of the NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor) / α-SNAP (α-soluble NSF attachment protein) disassembly machinery. (nature.com)
  • Neurotransmitter release at synapses is mediated by the fusion of neurotransmitter containing synaptic vesicles (SV) with the presynaptic membrane. (uic.edu)
  • The interaction of the three SNARE proteins synaptobrevin 2 (syb 2), syntaxin 1A, and SNAP25 (synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa) is pivotal to overcome the energy barrier that leads to merging of the opposing lipid bilayers and results in the transfer of neurotransmitters across the presynaptic membrane and into the synaptic cleft. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported. (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Vesicular Transport Proteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Vesicular Transport Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Vesicular Transport Proteins" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • SNAP-25 is normally required for vesicle fusion which releases neurotransmitters from the axonal endings - usually acetylcholine (ACH). (injectionartistry.com)
  • Importantly, we find that interactions with Complexin-1 reduce multimerisation of the ternary SNARE complex. (nature.com)
  • Accordingly, Syntaxin-1 and Synaptobrevin-2 each contribute one and SNAP25 contributes two alpha-helices to the ternary SNARE complex. (nature.com)
  • Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Munc18-1 is a part of this fusion machinery, but its role is controversial because it is indispensable for fusion but also inhibits the assembly of purified SNAREs in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
  • This inhibition reflects the binding of Munc18-1 to a closed conformation of the target-SNARE syntaxin1. (jneurosci.org)
  • The controversy would be solved if binding to closed syntaxin1 were shown to be stimulatory for vesicle fusion and/or additional essential interactions were identified between Munc18-1 and the fusion machinery. (jneurosci.org)
  • None of the Munc18 variants affected vesicle fusion kinetics or fusion pore duration. (jneurosci.org)
  • In a third model, Munc18-1 actively promotes SNARE complex formation and vesicle fusion. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, we unequivocally identify an additional downstream role of Munc18 in the vesicle-priming step but not in fusion triggering. (jneurosci.org)
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Vesicle Priming by Munc13 and Munc18. (uchicago.edu)
  • In plants, three groups of regulatory proteins such as Sec1/Munc18 (SM), small GTPase and synaptotagmin (SYT) have been studied for modulating the trafficking functionality of SNAREs. (molcells.org)
  • Ribbon synapses are found in sensory systems and are characterized by 'ribbon-like' organelles that tether synaptic vesicles. (tmc.edu)
  • To assess the functional role of SNARE proteins at retinal ribbon synapses, we used peptides derived from SNARE proteins that compete with endogenous proteins for SNARE complex formation. (tmc.edu)
  • By studying the ultrastructural changes at the synapses, I contributed to the understanding of the function of these regulators in the critical SV fusion stage of neurotransmission. (uic.edu)
  • Several anterograde and retrograde signaling pathways, including the canonical Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathway , regulate synaptic development in vertebrates and invertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
  • Martin HG, Henley JM, Meyer G. ( 2006 ) Novel putative targets of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and alpha/beta soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) include the Pak-binding nucleotide exchange factor betaPIX. (neurotree.org)
  • Involved in regulation of synaptic vesicle priming and synaptic vesicle priming. (nih.gov)
  • Subsequently, further distinctions in trafficking pathways have been invoked to explain different forms of regulation and fusion at different domains of the cell. (sdbonline.org)
  • A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. (uchicago.edu)
  • Intracellular bacteria encode inhibitory SNARE-like proteins. (uchicago.edu)
  • As for many essential biological processes, intracellular membrane fusion is mediated by interactions among a series of evolutionarily conserved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General Samuel T. Williams: From Pancho Villa to of residues are experienced regulated for the high 3-phosphate by which SP1 assemblies present to connected formation phagosome by UCP1 in transmembrane C1q-mediated fusion momenta, and preferentially by the intracellular genes as Once. (evakoch.com)
  • A rapid pool of vesicles that are docked at the plasma membrane, and whose fusion is limited only by calcium entry, a releasable pool of ATP-primed vesicles whose size also correlates with the number of ribbon-tethered vesicles, and a reserve pool of non-ribbon-tethered cytoplasmic vesicles. (tmc.edu)
  • The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction entails extensive fusion between the periacrosomal plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane, with the release of hydrolases which function in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida [1-3] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • In contrast to the sperm acrosome reaction, the secretory pathway of somatic cells has received detailed characterization in recent years and a great deal has been learned of the processes regulating vesicle docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Key interacting proteins of the plasma membrane, the cytosol and the vesicle membrane which function in the membrane fusion pathway, have been identified in a variety of cell types and characterized at the molecular level [10-14] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • The specificity of neurotransmitter release requires the localization of both synaptic vesicles and calcium channels to the presynaptic active zone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on the presence of glutamine or arginine residues in the zero layer, the SNAREs are classified as Qa- (Syntaxin-1), Qb- and Qc- (SNAP25) or R-SNAREs (Synaptobrevin-2) resulting in the formation of the ternary QabcR (3Q:1R) SNARE complex 8 . (nature.com)
  • Die Interaktion der drei SNARE-Proteine Synaptobrevin 2, Syntaxin 1A und SNAP25 (synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa) überwindet die Energiebarriere der Verschmelzung beider Lipid Doppelschichten, was zum Transfer von Neurotransmittern über die präsynaptische Membran und in den synaptischen Spalt führt. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • A Ca++-sensor synaptotagmin I (SytI) and complexins impinge upon SNARE assembly to control the timing and the size of the release. (grantome.com)
  • Advances in X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) diffraction data processing applied to the crystal structure of the synaptotagmin-1 / SNARE complex. (uchicago.edu)
  • Synaptotagmin 1 and SNAREs form a complex that is structurally heterogeneous. (uchicago.edu)
  • 2012 ) SNARE protein recycling by αSNAP and βSNAP supports synaptic vesicle priming Neuron . (neurotree.org)
  • The present project uses the newly developed single fusion assay based on total internal reflection (TIRF) microscopy to investigate the mechanism by which SNARE-dependent fusion is regulated by SytI, complexins, and Ca++. (grantome.com)
  • We used the well-characterized goldfish bipolar neuron to investigate the organization of vesicle pools and the role of SNARE proteins at a retinal ribbon synapse. (tmc.edu)
  • The combined approach employing the single fusion assay and SDSL EPR will provide insights into mechanism whereby the synchronized release is manufactured in the neuron. (grantome.com)
  • Orthologous to human NAPA (NSF attachment protein alpha). (nih.gov)
  • Because of its localization and homology to the yeast protein Sec4, it was believed to play a role in the terminal steps of secretion. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Recent Advances in Deciphering the Structure and Molecular Mechanism of the AAA+ ATPase N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF). (uchicago.edu)
  • Presently, all membrane trafficking steps are thought to possess a similar underlying mechanism for membrane fusion, and yet clear distinctions in these trafficking steps must also occur. (sdbonline.org)
  • More than 90% of extracellular miRNAs are vesicle-free, but form a complex with proteins such as Agonaute2 (AGO2) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The formation of a SNARE complex (composed of one each of the four different types SNARE domains (Qa, Qb, Qc, and R)) mediates MEMBRANE FUSION. (uchicago.edu)
  • Complexin induces a conformational change at the membrane-proximal C-terminal end of the SNARE complex. (uchicago.edu)
  • Here, we identified SNAP23, a member of SNARE complex, as a potential oncogene in OC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The exocyst complex, a set of eight proteins first identified from secretory mutants in yeast, is an attractive candidate for mediating directed traffic. (sdbonline.org)
  • To overcome energetically unfavorable lipid fusion, they form a SNARE complex in which four α-helices are bundled. (molcells.org)
  • strongly suggests that at least one regulatory protein should control the SNARE complex formation of VAMP721/722 with a specific Qa-SNARE in a particular biological process in plants. (molcells.org)
  • While the general sequence of SNARE complex formation is well-established, our knowledge on. (researchgate.net)
  • The impaired proliferation and reduced invasive capacity observed in cells as a consequence of inhibiting SNAP23 function suggests an important role for SNARE mediated pathway in OC progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)
  • However, the use of mutant expression in the presence of endogenous protein left it unclear how the observed effects were related to the defect of vesicle docking in (M)unc18-1 knock-outs. (jneurosci.org)
  • Syntaxins function in this vesicle fusion process. (wikipedia.org)
  • By capturing the evolutionary dynamics of target biological systems, the comparative modeling framework is empowered to (i) identify the functional roles of poorly characterized proteins and interactions and (ii) further decipher the underlying regulatory mechanisms of complicated cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • We have found that the calcium-activated protein for secretion (CAPS) protein is required for dense core vesicle docking but not synaptic vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
  • New insights into protein secretion: TANGO1 runs rings around the COPII coat. (uchicago.edu)
  • Rab proteins constitute the largest family of Ras-related small G proteins and play a role in regulating the specificity of membrane trafficking (63, 78). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The conserved Ste20-like kinase Tao was identified as a negative regulator of synaptic growth required for maintenance of circuit specificity and connectivity. (sdbonline.org)
  • Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1A gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The synaptic ribbons co-localize with sites of calcium entry and vesicle fusion, forming ribbon-style active zones. (tmc.edu)
  • However evidence of vesicle fusion at sites away from ribbon-style active zones questions this organization. (tmc.edu)
  • Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. (wikipedia.org)
  • 60% of human protein-coding genes, mostly by binding to the 3′- untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNAs ( 5 ) and, therefore, miRNAs affect gene expression networks of a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Integrating the dynamics across species is particularly important in modeling cellular processes through protein interaction networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of the biological processes mediated by protein interaction networks are highly evolutionarily conserved or related across species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations of a gene sequence can modify the interfaces or domains of its protein product and lead to the emergence of new or loss of existing protein interaction patterns [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • interaction( Hh) is a bound transfer that is very proteins in modifications resulting past plasma mRNA, fibril-associated information DNA, isoform kinase and activity( characterised in Hui and Angers, 2011). (evakoch.com)
  • Because we have shown earlier that prenylation and subsequent methylation/demethylation of γ subunits are required for the Gβγ-MTs interaction in vitro , small-molecule inhibitors (L-28 and L-23) targeting prenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase) were tested in the current study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zippering of the SNAREs is proposed to provide the required energy to initiate membrane fusion 6 , 7 and proceeds from the N-terminus towards the membrane-proximal C-terminus through interactions of their complementary SNARE motifs. (nature.com)
  • the latter contains two SNARE motifs. (nature.com)
  • Acute stress enhances glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex and other limbic regions, thereby facilitating certain cognitive functions. (nature.com)
  • Such processes require membrane traffic to particular domains of the cell surface, in order to insert proteins at restricted regions of the membrane, to enlarge particular regions of the cell membrane, or to signal asymmetrically to neighboring cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • Simultaneous imaging of lipid dye diffusion from the PSM into the vesicular membrane via a fusion stalk was used to quantify different fusion pathways. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Another distinction that has been drawn contrasts the constitutive and the regulated pathways to distinguish the ongoing transport of protein and lipid to the cell surface from the ability to secrete hormones and transmitters in response to specific stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
  • Higher cells of download Hanging Sam: A Military and mental Canadian initiation in the 5'-end novo depends the lipid protein directly than NALP1-mediated deafness to the chain. (evakoch.com)
  • Altogether, our results demonstrate that βγ subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins play a critical role in neurite outgrowth and differentiation by interacting with MTs and modulating MT rearrangement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, we see that UNC-13, a docking factor for synaptic vesicles, is not essential for dense core vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
  • During this process, Rab7 promotes the assembly of HOPS, which mediates lysosomal tethering with endosomes by pairing an R-SNARE on a lysosome (VAMP7 or VAMP8) with three Q-SNAREs on an endosome (syntaxin-7, VTI1b, syntaxin-8). (biomedcentral.com)
  • N-terminal domain of complexin independently activates calcium-triggered fusion. (uchicago.edu)
  • Similar to other small G proteins, the guanine binding state of Rab3 proteins is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange proteins or factors (GEPs or GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). (pancreapedia.org)
  • CAPS function in dense core vesicle docking parallels UNC-13 in synaptic vesicle docking, which suggests that these related proteins act similarly to promote docking of independent vesicle populations. (rupress.org)