Methyl5
- As its name implies, DNA methylation is the process by which a methyl group is added to DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Methylation refers to the addition of a methyl group to the cytosine residues in DNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- Methylation also refers to the addition of methyl group to lysine residues in the histone proteins around which DNA is wrapped. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- The effects of DNA methylation and the histone code are due, at least in part, to modification-specific recruitment of factors, such as heterochromatin-associated proteins (HP1) and methyl-binding domain proteins, which establish and maintain higher order of chromatin structure. (aacrjournals.org)
- 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in DNA occurs by the covalent addition of a methyl group at the 5-carbon of the cytosine ring by DNA methyltransferases. (epigentek.com)
Chromatin2
- This particular form of methylation can be associated with a more "open" or "closed" configuration of the chromatin depending on various factors including the specific lysine residues being methylated. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- It is important to mention here that there is a correlation between histone methylation and DNA methylation, where the latter can induce the former to effect a closed chromatin configuration to silence expression. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Acetylation2
- The code is an array of post-translational modifications (acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation) of NH 2 -terminal tails of core histone and to a lesser degree their globular domains. (aacrjournals.org)
- 2 In addition to the well-established epigenetic role of DNA methylation, this definition includes a variety of more transient histone modifications such as acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation that underlie epigenetic effects, and that will be discussed in this chapter along with the influence of SUMOylation, ubiquitination, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation, and microRNA. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Transcription3
- This lack of methylation confers a permissive environment of transcription and represents an important transcriptional regulatory mechanism. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- Thus H3K9 methylation at the promoter region silences transcription, but within the coding region, H3K9 methylation was found to be associated with actively transcribed genes. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
- We have previously demonstrated that AKT1 induces the expression of the pluripotency transcription factor Nanog in a SUMOylation-dependent manner in mouse embryonic stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
Guanine1
- In eukaryotes, methylation is most commonly found on the carbon 5 position of cytosine residues (5mC) adjacent to guanine, termed CpG dinucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation1
- Finally, the cross-matching analysis of ESCs, iPSCs and MEFs transcriptomes and AKT1 phosphorylation targets provided new clues about possible factors that could be involved in the SUMOylation-dependent Nanog induction by AKT. (bvsalud.org)
H3K91
- In mammalian cells, histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9) methylation and histone hypoacetylation are usually associated with methylated DNA, heterochromatin, and gene silencing. (aacrjournals.org)
Dinucleotides1
- Interestingly, this is usually restricted to cytosine that exists in the context of CpG dinucleotides which are widely spread in the human genome. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Enzymes1
- While DNA methylation is stable and heritable, it can be reversed by an antagonistic group of enzymes known as DNA de-methylases. (wikipedia.org)
Genes1
- Enriched pathways analysis of these positively correlated genes featured Toll-like receptor and SUMOylation pathways. (preprints.org)
Modification3
- Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA methylation and histone modification are among the best characterized epigenetic processes. (wikipedia.org)
- The first epigenetic modification to be characterized in depth was DNA methylation. (wikipedia.org)
Expression2
- With the finding that DNA methylation and histone modifications are stable, heritable, and also reversible processes that influence gene expression without altering DNA primary structure, a mechanism for the observed variability in cell gene expression was provided. (wikipedia.org)
- Histone hyperacetylation and H3K4 methylation are associated with unmethylated DNA, euchromatin, and gene expression ( Fig. 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Histone acetylation2
- They can be categorized into six major subclasses, which display diverse properties affecting the two best characterized epigenetic mechanisms: modulation of the DNA methylation status and histone acetylation. (biomedcentral.com)
- DNA methylation is catalysed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), and histone acetylation state is adjusted by opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC). (biomedcentral.com)
Epigenetic modifications2
- Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. (wikipedia.org)
- The most common epigenetic modifications (Fig. 1 ) are changes in the DNA methylation pattern, posttranslational histone modifications, and variations in the expression of non-coding microRNA (miRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
MiRNA1
- We examined the evidence supporting the roles of the three major epigenetic mechanisms-DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA (miRNA) expression-in arsenic toxicity and, in particular, carcinogenicity. (nih.gov)
Crucial role2
- This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. (nih.gov)
- Active DNA demethylation plays a crucial role in eukaryotic gene imprinting and antagonizing DNA methylation. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanisms2
- One of the most studied mechanisms, DNA methylation within the human methylome, may provide a potential epigenetic signature for migraine. (lidsen.com)
- Accumulating evidence from studies on DNA methylation and histone modification that affect chromatin structure, as well as on the role of microRNAs in regulating mRNA levels supports the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the development of FASD. (nih.gov)