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FerredoxinsFerredoxin-NADP ReductaseIron-Sulfur ProteinsClostridiumElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopySulfite Reductase (Ferredoxin)FlavodoxinSulfurElectron TransportOxidation-ReductionKetone OxidoreductasesEthyldimethylaminopropyl CarbodiimideAdrenodoxinDesulfovibrioSpectrophotometryAmino Acid SequenceOxidoreductasesRubredoxinsIronFerredoxin-Nitrite ReductasePlantsCyanobacteriaMolecular Sequence DataAzotobacterNADPAnabaenaChloroplastsTungstenHydrogenasePhotosystem I Protein ComplexPeptococcusSpectrum AnalysisAzotobacter vinelandiiNADH, NADPH OxidoreductasesDithioniteSpinacia oleraceaChromatiumDioxygenasesMoorellaOxygenasesRhodobacter capsulatusHydrogenPyrococcus furiosusBiliverdineAcetobacteriumSpectrophotometry, UltravioletAldehyde OxidoreductasesFlavoproteinsMethanosarcina barkeriElectrochemistryAmino AcidsBacterial ProteinsSulfolobusPhycobilinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidPotentiometryNitrite ReductasesMetalloproteinsSphingomonasProtein ConformationCircular DichroismAcidianusClostridium kluyveriFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideGram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical RodsArchaeaModels, MolecularPhotosynthesisMethanosarcinaSulfidesKineticsElectronsViologensTritrichomonasSynechocystisParaquatTrichomonas vaginalisAnaerobiosisThaueraPseudomonas putidaBile PigmentsEscherichia coliPhycocyaninArchaeal ProteinsMolecular WeightChlamydomonas reinhardtiiPhotosynthetic Reaction Center Complex ProteinsCarbodiimidesHaloferax mediterraneiCloning, MolecularNitrogenaseFerricyanidesPlant ProteinsRecombinant ProteinsBinding SitesBase SequenceFlavinsNADH DehydrogenaseCatalysisFerrocyanides
OxidoreductaseReductaseProteinsBacterialPhotosynthesisNADPHChloroplastsElectronsOxidationYeastProtein of unknown functionReductionReactionsCatalysisGeneEnzymesBiosyntheticOrganismsResistanceElectron carriersProtein'sClustersUnknownMaturationCellular functionPlantLargelyInsightProcessesIronEssentialSpecific
Oxidoreductase8
  • It accepts electrons produced from sunlight-excited chlorophyll and transfers them to the enzyme ferredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase EC 1.18.1.2. (wikipedia.org)
  • In photosynthesis, final electron transfer from ferredoxin to NADP + is accomplished by the flavo enzyme ferredoxin:NADP + oxidoreductase (FNR). (nature.com)
  • The dominant pathway in chloroplasts is, however, the one that produces NADPH, by the activity of ferredoxin NADP + oxidoreductase (FNR). (nature.com)
  • Additionally, the researchers observed that cKMT1 modifies a crucial protein called ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase and influences its activity, indicating its role in regulating energy transfer in Synechocystis. (asbmb.org)
  • A pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase was highly expressed, indicating the capability for anaerobic energy. (lu.se)
  • A pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase was highly expressed, indicating the capability for anaerobic energy generation during exposure to hypoxia and anoxia. (lu.se)
  • Genes and proteins that showed similar trends in detected levels were particularly involved in energy conservation such as increases in an annotated ech hydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and rnf oxidoreductase, and the biofilm cells had elevated formate dehydrogenase activity. (escholarship.org)
  • When expressed alone in the mutant yeast, the recombinant PttHb1 and PttTrHb did not protect cells against the toxicity of NO. Subsequently, a novel mRNA transcript of the heterotrophic ferredoxin NADP + oxidoreductase gene PtthFNR was found. (oulu.fi)
Reductase5
  • In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, ferredoxin is the last electron acceptor thus reducing the enzyme NADP+ reductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • What happens in light is well understood: the ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR)/thioredoxin (Trx) pathway is responsible for the reduction process, which activates the photosynthetic pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In Azotobacter vinelandii, deletion of the fdxA gene that encodes a well characterized seven-iron ferredoxin (FdI) is known to lead to overexpression of the FdI redox partner, NADPH:ferredoxin reductase (FPR). (hal.science)
  • Heterodisulfide reductase (Hdr) is a key enzyme known to reduce the electron carrier protein ferredoxin, which is a direct electron donor to nitrogenase in bacteria. (uark.edu)
  • It also provides new information about plant ferredoxin reductase genes. (oulu.fi)
Proteins13
  • Ferredoxins (from Latin ferrum: iron + redox, often abbreviated "fd") are iron-sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ferredoxins are small proteins containing iron and sulfur atoms organized as iron-sulfur clusters. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proteins involved in photosynthesis need to be 'on' when they have the sunlight they need to function, but need to idle, like the engine of a car at a traffic light, in the dark, when photosynthesis is not possible. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, scientists have long been in the dark about what happens when light is not available, and how plants reset photosynthetic proteins to be ready to function when light is resumed. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These two proteins appear to function as part of a cascade that siphons energy from the photosynthetic proteins to the always energy-hungry hydrogen peroxide. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Moreover, the fact that this process is less efficient, rather than absent altogether, suggests that other, as yet unknown, proteins serve similar functions in plants. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 2011) Specialized function of yeast Isa1 and Isa2 proteins in the maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins. (yeastgenome.org)
  • The specific function of these "A-type" ISC proteins within the framework of mitochondrial and bacterial Fe/S protein biogenesis is still unresolved. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Nfs1 functions both as a sulfur donor for cluster assembly and as a binding platform for other proteins functioning in the process. (curefa.org)
  • These include, not only the dedicated scaffold protein (Isu1) on which FeS clusters are synthesized, but also accessory FeS cluster biogenesis proteins frataxin (Yfh1) and ferredoxin (Yah1). (curefa.org)
  • Although simple iron-sulfur clusters are spontaneously assembled in solution, virtually all known organisms contain specific proteins that function to guide the controlled assembly of [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe 4S] clusters. (hawaii.edu)
  • The functional genomic analysis demonstrated that biofilm cells were different compared to planktonic cells, and the majority of altered abundances for genes and proteins were annotated as hypothetical (unknown function), energy conservation, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. (escholarship.org)
  • The function of the genes and corresponding proteins PttHb1 and PttTrHb were studied using non-transgenic and VHb hybrid aspen lines as well as a mutant yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) defective in NO resistance. (oulu.fi)
Bacterial5
  • Fd− red However a few bacterial ferredoxins (of the 2[4Fe4S] type) have two iron sulfur clusters and can carry out two electron transfer reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme, found in bacteria and archaea, consist of only an oxygenase domain and functions together with bacterial ferredoxins or flavodoxins. (cathdb.info)
  • Targeting of bacterial [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] ferredoxins to yeast mitochondria further supported this specificity. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Thus, the binding mode of Yah1 and Yfh1 interacting with Nfs1 in mitochondria of S. cerevisiae resembles the mutually exclusive binding of ferredoxin and frataxin with cysteine desulfurase reported for the bacterial FeS cluster assembly system. (curefa.org)
  • 2). In aerobic organisms that produce energy mainly through Some kinetoplastids that parasitize insects obtain heme from their oxidative phosphorylation, most of the synthesized heme is used bacterial endosymbionts, which can be eliminated by antibiotic for the formation of the cytochromes functioning in the electron treatment, turning these protists into heme auxotrophs (17). (medicinelakex1.com)
Photosynthesis2
  • The chloroplast ferredoxin is involved in both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation reactions of photosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding this new enzyme and its function in Cyanobacteria enhances our global comprehension of photosynthesis and holds promise for future potential biotechnological applications. (asbmb.org)
NADPH1
  • One of the most central nodes of plant function is the distribution of energy and redox via the molecules NADPH and NADH, because this connects both to growth and to the many systems that protect plants. (lu.se)
Chloroplasts1
  • Members of the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC protein family function as insertases in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and bacteria. (cipsm.de)
Electrons5
  • The highly reducing ferredoxins are reduced either by using another strong reducing agent, or by using some source of energy to "boost" electrons from less reducing sources to the ferredoxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ferredoxin can also be reduced by using NADH (-320 mV) or H 2 (-414 mV), but these processes are coupled to the consumption of the membrane potential to power the "boosting" of electrons to the higher energy state. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Rnf complex is a widespread membrane protein in bacteria that reversibly transfers electrons between NADH and ferredoxin while pumping Na+ or H+ ions across the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the last steps of this process transfer of energy-conserving electrons beyond photosystem I (PSI) is performed by a small iron-sulphur protein ferredoxin (Fd). (nature.com)
  • Members of the genus reduced ferrous (Fe2+) state, which enables it to accept or do- Trypanosoma lost the entire biosynthetic pathway and extract nate electrons and to function in various redox reactions and heme from host blood (18, 19), whereas Leishmania spp. (medicinelakex1.com)
Oxidation3
  • The function of FeS clusters is exquisitely sensitive to oxidation. (ukri.org)
  • Forms supercomplex that couples H 2 oxidation to ferredoxin reduction by utilising the sodium-motive force. (au.dk)
  • The oxidation state of the iron is important human parasites, depend on oxygen but are unable to produce for most biological roles of heme, but its exact function is ulti- heme. (medicinelakex1.com)
Yeast3
  • This conservation is helpful because it means that Rli1p function can be explored in relatively simple model organisms like yeast, which is very easy to grow in the lab and to manipulate for experiments. (ukri.org)
  • With the yeast model, we recently discovered a novel cellular function that helps to preserve the integrity of FeS clusters during stress. (ukri.org)
  • We will also exploit the power of yeast genetics to identify cellular factors that impact Rli1p function during stress. (ukri.org)
Protein of unknown function4
  • 20759) Protein of unknown function DUF54 CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0024 20798. (go.jp)
  • 43228) protein of unknown function UPF0153 CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0051 complement(43225. (go.jp)
  • 44065 protein of unknown function UPF0047 CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0053 complement(44048. (go.jp)
  • 45260 protein of unknown function DUF121 CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0055 complement(45235. (go.jp)
Reduction2
  • For example, if the ferredoxin pool is around 95% reduced, the reduction potential will be around -500 mV. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on the sequence of the supporting protein ferredoxins have reduction potential from around -500mv to -340 mV. (wikipedia.org)
Reactions3
  • In this way, ferredoxin acts as an electron transfer agent in biological redox reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • A single cell can have multiple types of ferredoxins where each type is tuned to optimally carry out different reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reduced ferredoxin generated can be used anabolically to sustain biosynthetic reactions. (au.dk)
Catalysis1
Gene2
  • We will capitalise on that here to gain insight to the mechanisms involved, by determining Rli1p function under a diverse range of stress conditions, and by carrying out novel genome-wide screens to identify gene functions that modulate the role of Rli1p in stress resistance. (ukri.org)
  • We will employ gene knock-out and knock-in approaches in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to study in vivo functions of TROL and its domains. (irb.hr)
Enzymes3
  • Explanation: a co-factor is necessary for the function of enzymes. (jbl.de)
  • The advantages of homochiral membranes compared to those of heterochiral membranes were analysed in terms of specific recognition, optimal functions of enzymes, membrane fluidity and topological packing. (mdpi.com)
  • The aim of my thesis is to study physical, chemical, and biological properties of multi- electron transferring enzymes, in a quest for possible new structures and functions of biological Fe-S clusters. (wur.nl)
Biosynthetic1
  • gacA-L , group A carbohydrate biosynthetic genes (putative functions described in van Sorge et al. (cdc.gov)
Organisms2
  • Lysine methylation, a specific PTM involving the addition of a methyl group to a protein's amino acid, has diverse functions in organisms. (asbmb.org)
  • The extracellular matrix, or ECM, forms the structural framework of multicellular organisms and functions as a signaling platform that influences processes such as proliferation, survival and differentiation. (asbmb.org)
Resistance1
  • A genome-wide association study identified variants in the ferredoxin fd ), apicoplast ribosomal protein S10 ( arps10 ), multidrug resistance protein 2 ( mdr2 ), and chloroquine resistance transporter ( crt ) genes as additional factors contributing to ART resistance, in which a missense fd mutation fd -D193Y) was the most frequent variant among resistant parasites [ 8 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Electron carriers1
Protein's1
  • To that end, the major hypotheses to be tested are that stressors either indirectly (via ROS generation) or directly (by binding) interfere with FeS cluster integrity in Rli1p, so causing loss of this essential protein's function. (ukri.org)
Clusters2
  • Ferredoxins can be classified according to the nature of their iron-sulfur clusters and by sequence similarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypothesis is that the FeS clusters of Rli1p can become disabled during stress, leading to loss of protein function, and so loss of viability. (ukri.org)
Unknown1
  • protein_coding" "Cz03g33270.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","Domain of unknown function DUF155 [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Maturation1
  • Function and maturation of the Fe-S center in dihydroxyacid dehydratase from Arabidopsis. (uga.edu)
Cellular function1
  • While the field of microbiology has adapted to the study of complex microbiomes via modern meta-omics techniques, we have not updated our basic knowledge regarding the quantitative levels of DNA, RNA and protein molecules within a microbial cell, which ultimately control cellular function. (nature.com)
Plant2
  • Let's have a look at some examples to show us the functions of nutrients in plant cells. (jbl.de)
  • Here, we show that heme is fully dispensable for the survival of The central position of heme in a variety of cellular functions Phytomonas serpens, a plant parasite. (medicinelakex1.com)
Largely2
  • Through a unique integration of functions largely unrecognized among "typical" eukaryotes, benthic foraminifera represent winning microeukaryotes in the face of ongoing oceanic deoxygenation. (lu.se)
  • Lately, the research has been largely oriented on what functions that plants need to engage in order to be efficiently promoted by growth- and protection-promoting fungal symbionts. (lu.se)
Insight2
  • Our findings show that upgrading multi-omic toolkits with traditional absolute measurements unlocks the scaling of core biological questions to dynamic and complex microbiomes, creating a deeper insight into inter-organismal relationships that drive the greater community function. (nature.com)
  • Insight into the Function of Active Site Residues in the Catalytic Mechanism of Human Ferrochelatase. (uga.edu)
Processes1
  • The xanthophyll zeaxanthin (Zx) serves central photoprotective functions in these processes. (bvsalud.org)
Iron2
  • The term "ferredoxin" was coined by D.C. Wharton of the DuPont Co. and applied to the "iron protein" first purified in 1962 by Mortenson, Valentine, and Carnahan from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum. (wikipedia.org)
  • A protein containing more than one iron and acid-labile sulfur, that displays electron-transferactivity but not classical enzyme function. (speciation.net)
Essential1
  • Their integrity is essential for life functions, yet they are exposed and dynamic. (lu.se)
Specific1
  • The results highlight the utility of metapangenomic approaches employed across environmental gradients, to decipher the properties and variation in function and ecological traits of specific phylogenetic clades within complex microbiomes. (biomedcentral.com)