• Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. (springer.com)
  • Novel data were reviewed and discussed on the structure and functions of the components of TNFα-related signaling pathway, the consequences of mutations of the genes encoding these proteins, and the prospect for further investigations, which might elucidate the origin of HED. (springer.com)
  • Within the last 10 years significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of HED and this is mainly due to the discovery of unknown proteins and the elucidation of their function in signal transduction via the TNFα-related pathway. (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, Smad proteins, transcriptional effectors of TGF-β signaling, are co-expressed and physically interact in the basal ganglia with Dlx homeodomain transcription factors, which are critical regulators of the differentiation, migration and survival of telencephalic GABAergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also show that Dlx and Smad proteins localize to promoters/enhancers of a number of common telencephalic genes in vivo and that Smad proteins co-activate transcription with Dlx family members, except with certain mutated human DLX proteins identified in autistic individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In that regard, recent studies in non-neural cells have suggested the existence of functional interactions between Dlx proteins and Smad transcription factors, which are critical mediators of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathways (Chiba et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are highly conserved signaling molecules that are part of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, and function in the patterning and morphogenesis of many organs including development of the dentition. (edu.au)
  • As master transcriptional regulators, Hox proteins recognize DNA through the homeodomain (HD) and interact with a multitude of proteins, including general transcription factors and other cofactors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of particular interest are the protein interactions that occur between Hox proteins and general transcription factors (GTF) from the RNA Pol II basal transcription machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we focused on the interplay between Antp and the basal transcription machinery and show the direct interaction of Antp with TBP through the poly-glutamine (PolyQ) regions of both proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSY3 (MSY4, YB-2, CSDA, dbpA, ZONAB) is a member of the cold shock domain (CSD) family of proteins also known as Y-box proteins, which are evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as transcription factors and regulators of RNA metabolism and protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to a family of proteins that share homology with the high mobility group protein-1. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • The transcriptional regulatory network of a cell is a complex system in which many transcription factor (TF) proteins turn gene expressions on and off according to spatiotemporal contexts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sirt1, the mouse homologue of yeast Sir2 deacetylates several non-histone proteins and plays roles in many key functions, including energy metabolism, differentiation, aging, and tumor suppression [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Four members of the mouse Dlx protein family (Dlx1, 2, 5 and 6), part of the Antennapedia class of non-Hox homeodomain transcription factors, are expressed in the embryonic subpallium (Panganiban and Rubenstein 2002 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signaling mechanisms mediated by the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily regulate a variety of developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, the precise co-factors which help pSmad1/5 going into the particular nucleus to regulate Msx1 in dental mesenchymal cells remain unknown. (microtubule-signal.com)
  • Based on human-mouse evolutionarily conserved transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in 76600 conserved blocks for 5169 genes, we compiled the human transcriptional connections into a matrix, and examined the number of FFC appearances in comparison with randomized networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Secreted from neighboring tissues, signaling molecules of the Wnt, Fgf, and Bmp families cooperate to activate a distinct combination of transcription factors at the neural plate border. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Foxi3 transcription factor, expressed in the neural plate border at the end of gastrulation, is necessary for the formation of posterior placodes and is thus important for ectodermal patterning. (bvsalud.org)
  • We contrast Foxi3 with another neural plate border transcription factor, Zic5, the progenitors of which initially contribute broadly to all germ layers until gastrulation and gradually become restricted to the neural crest lineage and dorsal neural tube cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Parcerisas A, Ortega-Gascó A, Pujadas L, Soriano E . The Hidden Side of NCAM Family: NCAM2, a Key Cytoskeleton Organization Molecule Regulating Multiple Neural Functions. (neurotree.org)
  • Parcerisas A, Ortega-Gascó A, Hernaiz-Llorens M, Odena MA, Ulloa F, de Oliveira E, Bosch M, Pujadas L, Soriano E . New Partners Identified by Mass Spectrometry Assay Reveal Functions of NCAM2 in Neural Cytoskeleton Organization. (neurotree.org)
  • Further studies confirmed that p75NTR participates in the regulation of tooth development maybe by changing the activity of the key factor distal-less homeobox/msh homeobox (Dlx/Msx), and melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Mage-D1) seems to be play a role in the differentiation and mineralization of EMSCs 5 , 6 . (researchsquare.com)
  • We will focus particularly on the roles of a tumor suppressor, neurofibromin 2 (NF2), whose expression is not only dependent on compartment-specific transcription factors, but is also subject to regulation by a Hippo-Yap feedback signaling circuit. (molcells.org)
  • There has been one previous report showing that overexpression of Sirt6 in aged human dermal fibroblasts could improve iPS generation via regulation of miR-766 transcription [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken jointly, our information indicated that the actual regulation of Msx1 through BMP4/pSmad1/5 signaling is mediated through importin7 within mouse button dental care mesenchymal tissue.Cytokines communicate carefully with each other and also enjoy a crucial role in the continuing development of sepsis. (microtubule-signal.com)
  • These novel interactions open the possibility to analyze promoter function and gene expression to measure transcription factor binding dynamics at target sites throughout the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, ChIP along with Re-ChIP analysis revealed IPO7 helped the particular employment of pSmad1/5 for the Msx1 promoter. (microtubule-signal.com)
  • BMP signaling in the rudimentary maxillary incisor, assessed by expressions of Msx1 and Dlx2 and the phosphorylation of Smad protein, was significantly enhanced. (edu.au)
  • Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myf5 is considered to be the earliest expressed regulatory factor gene in myogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study we tested the hypothesis that USAG-1 (uterine sensitization-associated gene-1) suppresses deciduous incisors by inhibition of BMP-7 function. (edu.au)
  • They include: Myocyte enhancer factors (MEFs), which promote myogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The downstream signal transduction toward Eda-A1 involves the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Clevers 2006 ) and requires lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (Lef-1) for activation of the Ed1 ( Ta ) expression (Durmowicz et al. (springer.com)
  • Serum response factor (SRF) plays a central role during myogenesis, being required for the expression of striated alpha-actin genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • HED embraces a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases and is due to mutations of several genes that encode components of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway (Cluzeau et al. (springer.com)
  • The purpose of this report is to review current literature on the structure and function of components of the TNFα-related signaling pathway, to present a novel approach to their contribution in the differentiation of skin appendages and to discuss the role of mutations of genes encoding components of this pathway in the origin of HED. (springer.com)
  • Mutations of these genes are responsible for systemic tooth agenesis, in addition to the defects of other ectodermal structures, and this review is limited to description of the function of their protein products. (springer.com)
  • Background: HOX genes encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the determination of cell fate and identity during embryonic development. (123dok.net)
  • This plethora of Hox protein-protein interactions clearly points to a Hox-driven transcription process in which every Hox homeoprotein could selectively recruit GTFs to achieve specificity and activate or repress target genes during Drosophila development, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the growth factor runs out, the myoblasts cease division and undergo terminal differentiation into myotubes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we show that components of both bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor and TGF-β/activin/Nodal branches of TGF-β superfamily signaling are expressed in the developing subpallium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This transcription factor is involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, and it may function in hair cell differentiation and follicle morphogenesis. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Together, these results suggest that TGF-β superfamily signaling plays a role in telencephalic GABAergic neuron development through functional interactions with Dlx transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Importin7 (IPO7) is amongst the critical members of importin β-superfamily, generally responsible for nucleocytoplasmic driving regarding RNAs and meats, which include transcription aspects. (microtubule-signal.com)
  • In vitro, Mage-D1 not only binds to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) but also to distal-less homeobox 1(Dlx1) and msh homeobox 1 (Msx1). (researchsquare.com)
  • ED1 , encoding a ligand-ectodysplasinA-A1 (EDA-A1), EDAR , coding for ectodysplasinA-A1 receptor, EDARADD , programming the structure of EDAR-associated death domain protein and NEMO whose protein product, NFκB essential modulator (NEMO), is necessary for an indirect activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). (springer.com)
  • The functions of the BMPs are controlled by certain classes of molecules that are recognized as BMP antagonists that inhibit BMP binding to their cognate receptors. (edu.au)
  • Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs): MyoD, Myf5, Myf6 and Myogenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Impairing the function of Mox2 will prevent the proliferation of myogenic precursors and will cause abnormal patterning of limb muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based upon these results, we conclude that USAG-1 functions as an antagonist of BMP-7 in this model system. (edu.au)
  • SIVA-1 regulates apoptosis and synaptic function by modulating XIAP interaction with the death receptor antagonist FAIM-L. Cell Death & Disease . (neurotree.org)
  • Therefore, we aimed to examine whether the autoregulation-integrated FFC is a network motif relevant to describing the human transcriptional regulatory systems, and explored the relationship of such network motifs with biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, we aimed to elucidate whether the autoregulation-integrated FFC forms a distinct network motif relevant to describing the transcriptional network, and explored the relationships of this network motif with biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, this network motif preferentially constitutes effecter transcriptional circuits with functions in cell-cell signaling and multicellular organization, and is particularly related to nervous system development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The winged-helix transcription factor Xfoxi1a is one of the earliest markers for the preplacodal region at the mid-neurula stage. (biologists.com)
  • Associated Genetic Factors: PAX3 and c-Met Mutations in PAX3 can cause a failure in c-Met expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Associated Genetic Factors: c-Met/HGF and LBX1 Mutations in these genetic factors causes a lack of migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • These consequences further reveal the complexity of myogenesis and the importance of each genetic factor in proper muscle development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Associated Genetic Factors: PAX3, c-Met, Mox2, MSX1, Six, Myf5, and MyoD Mox2 (also referred to as MEOX-2) plays an important role in the induction of mesoderm and regional specification. (wikipedia.org)
  • These coordinates are achieved through the induction of specific sets of transcription factors in response to a variety of extrinsic cues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If placed in cell culture, most myoblasts will proliferate if enough fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or another growth factor is present in the medium surrounding the cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • PAX3 mediates the transcription of c-Met and is responsible for the activation of MyoD expression-one of the functions of MyoD is to promote the regenerative ability of satellite cells (described below). (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusions: Our results suggest that HOXD9 may be a novel marker of GCSCs and cell proliferation and/or survival factor in gliomas and glioma cancer stem-like cells, and a potential therapeutic target. (123dok.net)
  • Both these classes of cells differentiate into many different types generated with highly specialized functions and shapes. (edu.au)
  • The growth of individual tissue compartments is mainly related to the proliferation of the cells that comprise that compartment, whereas intercellular communication mediated by various morphogens and growth factors is responsible for coordination of growth between neighboring tissue compartments. (molcells.org)
  • We have revealed that the configuration of autoregulation integrated in the FFCs is a critical factor for abundance or avoidance of the appearance of the FFCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Each stage has various associated genetic factors lack of which will result in muscular defects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies using an inducible Xfoxi1a construct ( GR-Xfoxi1a ) show that the ventralizing function of Xfoxi1a is confined to the gastrula stage. (biologists.com)
  • Nolte, M. The marked susceptibility of the EOMs and levators in MG is explained iin a variety of factors unique to these muscles (37). (top5binarybrokers.com)